Search

This study aimed to build an integrative model of the interrelations between pedagogical training, teacher regulation skills, learning patterns and student-centred teaching approach. Self-reported questionnaire data were collected from 378 higher education teachers and analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings indicated that pedagogical training was related to teachers' regulation of their pedagogical development, which was further connected to both meaning-oriented and application-oriented teacher learning. However, only meaning-oriented teacher learning was connected to adopting a student-centred teaching approach, while application-oriented teacher learning was not. Teacher regulation was negatively connected to problematic learning, meaning that those who did not regulate their pedagogical development more often reported a problematic pattern towards teacher learning. Thus, pedagogical training, regulation skills and teacher learning patterns are important in terms of teachers' pedagogical development to a student-centred teaching approach. The findings highlight the importance of regulation and the quality of teacher learning in increasing student-centred teaching.

Интернационализация образования представляет собой одну из насущных тенденций в области высшего и средне-специального образования в Республике Казахстан. Преподавание в межкультурной аудитории, несомненно, интересно педагогической новизной, но вместе с тем, оно открывает и сложные дидактические проблемы. Перед преподавателями встают новые вопросы о том, каким должен быть оптимальный баланс между различными языковыми и культурными правами в образовательном процессе с участием иностранных студентов. С теоретической точки зрения, знание ответов на эти вопросы представляет собой один из элементов межкультурной коммуникативной компетенции, об обладании которой преподавателями пишет авторитетный автор Дарла Дердорф. Соответственно, целью статьи является определение и анализ того, какие ключевые категории права использует Министерство Просвещения Республики Казахстан при ответе на вопросы граждан о том, как должны разрешаться межкультурные противоречия в образовательном процессе. Данная статья вносит вклад в теоретическое осмысление межкультурной коммуникативной компетенции за счет уточнения национального контекста правовых категорий, используемых при разрешении межкультурных вопросов в образовании в Республике Казахстан. Несмотря на то, что проводимый анализ относится к сфере основного общего и средне-специального образования, новизна этого исследования, построенного на анализе первичных данных, почерпнутых из полнотекстовых ответов национального министерства на вопросы граждан, неоспорима. По результатам исследования пятнадцати полнотекстовых ответов на вопросы граждан, методом качественного контент-анализа документов, мы выделили несколько опорных правовых категорий, которые используются при разрешении межкультурных вопросов в образовании. Анализ этих категорий указывает на частичное соответствие современным теориям прав человека в межкультурной образовательной среде. Ключевые слова: межкультурная коммуникативная компетенция; многообразие в образовании; языковые, культурные и религиозные права в образовании; равенство и недискриминация

Effectively resolving environmental problems often involves not only technical solutions but also examining and potentially reforming the political and institutional frameworks that govern how societies relate to the environment. Coastal flooding due to rising sea levels, for example, poses a significant threat to waterfront areas. Land-use regulations represent an effective means of mitigating this risk. Despite the multitude of strategies developed for tackling similar problems, relatively few have concentrated on assessing the effectiveness of land-use policies in managing such issues. This study examines a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of land-use policies in preventing sea flood risks in the capital regions of Finland. While the focus of this research is on the coastal regions of the cities of Helsinki and Espoo, its implications extend internationally. By integrating Geographical Information System (GIS) and simulation tools, we simulate future land-use scenarios based on values that reflect the effects of land-use policies. This framework can be applied to other coastal regions worldwide facing similar challenges. Using land cover data and GeoSOS-FLUS software, land-use simulations of the target areas were generated. Land-use planning performance in the target areas exhibited positive changes, as fewer vulnerable land-use types were located within the sea flood risk zones in 2018 compared to 2000. This simulation also shows a strong similarity to actual land-use in 2018, confirming the framework’s reliability. This paper presents a novel framework for evaluating the effectiveness of land-use policies in mitigating coastal flooding risks, focusing on the coastal regions of Helsinki and Espoo, Finland. By integrating GIS and simulation tools, the research demonstrates the utility of these tools in tracking land-use changes and analyzing policy impacts, enabling a nuanced assessment of policy effectiveness. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of local knowledge and a localized approach to policy development, contributing to a deeper understanding of complex issues in urban planning and land-use management.

High-pressure processing (HPP) is a promising method for preserving food, for example by inactivating pathogens and spoilage microbes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the optimal processing parameters for different food products. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different pressures to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked and warm-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ready-to-eat (RTE) fish products. L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 was inoculated into sliced cold-smoked rainbow trout fillets and whole warm-smoked rainbow trout fillets. The fish samples were pressure-treated at three different pressures, either at 200, 400, or 600 MPa, at 4 ± 1 °C for 3 min in each pressure. Bacterial enumeration of the samples and control samples were analysed 1, 14, and 28 days after the HPP treatment by using serial dilution and the spread plate technique. Based on the study results, the most effective pressure was 600 MPa and the number of L. monocytogenes colonies, both in cold-smoked and in warm-smoked fish samples, was within the official limit of the Regulation (EC) No. 2073/2005 (100 cfu/g) even after 28 days of storage.

The ‘as-a-Service’ (aaS) concept of the IT sector is suggested to reduce upfront and ongoing costs, enable easier scaling, and make for simpler system upgrades. The concept is explored in relation to the domain of land administration, with a view to examining its relevance, application, and potential adaptation. Specifically, these aspects are analysed against the long-standing problem of land administration system maintenance. Two discrete literature reviews, a comparative analysis, and final modelling work constitute the research design. Of the 35 underlying land administration maintenance issues identified, aaS is found to directly respond to 15, indirectly support another 15, and provide no immediate benefit to 5. Most prominent are the ability of aaS to support issues relating to financial sustainability, continuous innovation, and human capacity provision. The approach is found to be already in use in various country contexts. It is articulated by the UNECE as one of four scenarios for future land administration development. In terms of adaptation, the 4-tier framework from Enterprise Architecture—consisting of Business, Application, Information, and Technology layers—is used to model and describe five specific aaS approaches: (i) On Premises; (ii) Basic Outsourcing; (iii) Public Private Partnership; (iv) Fully Privatised; and (v) Subscription. Several are more theoretical in nature but may see future adoption. Each requires further development, including case analyses, to support more detailed definitions of the required underlying legal frameworks, financial models, partnerships arrangements, data responsibilities, and so on. Decisions on the appropriate aaS model, and the application of aaS more generally, are entirely dependent on the specific country context. Overall, this work provides a platform for land administration researchers and practitioners to analyse the relevance and implementation options of the aaS concept.

Listeria monocytogenes bacteria pose a particular risk to the food industry as the species is known to form biofilm and to survive in a wide range of challenging environmental conditions. L. monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a serious food-borne disease, and effective and safe antibiofilm materials and sanitary methods for food processing environments are intensively sought. A variety of nanoparticle materials have been recognized as safe to use in food environments, which allows the application of nanomaterials also for food safety purposes. Nanoparticles together with light illumination generate reactive oxygen species which inactivate bacteria by breaking down cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nanomaterials and blue light illumination for L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 biofilm inactivation. Biofilm was allowed to form for 72 h on nanocoated stainless steel and aluminum plates, after which the plates were illuminated. Non-coated control plates were used to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of nanocoating. Plate count method was used to evaluate bacteria counts after illumination. Nanocoating did not affect initial biofilm formation compared to the control plates. Biofilm was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced on stainless steel, aluminum, and TiO2-coated aluminum plates after 72-h illumination by 1.9, 3.2, and 5.9 log, respectively. Nanocoating with visible light illumination could be an effective and safe method for enhancing food safety in food processing facilities to control biofilm formation. Evidence of antibiofilm properties of nanomaterials together with visible light illumination is limited; hence, future studies with variable light intensities and nanomaterials are needed.

Demand for new food sources and production methods is increasing due to overall population growth, as well as the aim towards more sustainable use of natural resources and circular economy. Edible insects already used in many parts of the world have recently attracted interest as a new protein source in Europe, and novel food acceptance procedures are ongoing in the European Union for several insect species. In this paper, the effects of substate on the nutritional value, especially the fatty acid composition, of edible insects were reviewed and correlation calculations performed. The nutritional value of edible insects is an important health aspect, in particular, a high content of good-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids with essential fatty acids, and an optimal fatty acid n6/n3 ratio. On the basis of our findings, the nutrient content of insects can be modified by using a feed substrate carefully designed for each individual insect species. In addition, our correlation calculations demonstrated that the contents of linoleic and alpha linolenic acids in insects reflected the contents of these acids in the substrate. In conclusion, optimizing the composition and structure of the substrate and rearing conditions and duration for each insect species might also aid standardization of the nutritional composition of edible insects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of wood distillates obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sawdust in order to explore new alternatives for the utilization of wood industry by-products. The distillates were produced by slow pyrolysis thermal conversion in three process phases with increasing temperatures, namely drying, torrefaction and pyrolysis, and three cooling units with different temperatures to condensate the distillates. This yielded nine different liquid fractions. The food-related pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans, were evaluated for their susceptibility to the distillate fractions using an agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by measuring the formed inhibition zones after the incubation period. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microbicidic concentration were assayed for a selected fraction (T2) from the torrefaction phase with Bio-screen C. The results indicated that the distillates from the torrefaction and pyrolysis phases had antimicrobial activity against the tested microbes. The MIC value of the T2 fraction for all tested microbes was 0.83% (v/v). Furthermore, the T2 fraction was microbicidic for Salmonella and Listeria strains in 0.83% (v/v) solution and Candida strain in 1.67% (v/v) solution. In conclusion, Scots pine wood distillates obtained from slow pyrolysis have the potential to be developed as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microbes. Next, research is needed to investigate the chemical composition of the distillates and to assess their safe use.

Social media have opened interesting avenues for accessing active citizenry’s perceptions, providing an important tool for the promotion of the successful implementation of policy. Although social media data have been used to access citizens’ perceptions in various fields of study, they have yet to be adequately examined in the area of land-related policies. This study showcases the potential of the use of social media data to access citizens’ perceptions of land-related policies in the context of a developing country. We systematically selected YouTube videos with expressions of citizens’ perceptions of the Rural Grazing Area settlement programme in Nigeria. The findings from the social media data indicate that whilst some people perceived the policy’s potential benefits, most expressed dissatisfaction with it, and some suggested alternative policy approaches. The results suggest that social media data may be a promising avenue for accessing citizens’ opinions even in the case of land-related policies. Social media data must be accessed and used with caution, however, taking into consideration their limitations. This study’s main contribution lies in the demonstration that social media data can provide valuable insights into citizens’ perceptions of sensitive interventions, including land-related policies.

This article analyzes the development of the material and procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the legal responsibility of minors and the impact on its development of the experience of a number of foreign countries and international legislation in general. The purpose of this work is to ana-lyze the implementation in Kazakhstan of the international obligations assumed in the field of juvenile justice. In addition the research of problems of development of juvenile justice of Kazakhstan through a prism of research of positive and negative sides of the main types of world systems of juvenile justice and their introduction into domestic practice. During the writing the work, both general theoretical and scientific methods of cognition were used, specifically dialectical, comparative, legal, historical, formally dogmatic, specific legal and logical. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the re-sults and conclusions. Increased scientific interest in the problem of juvenile justice is associated with ongoing reforms in this area. The work of the juvenile court system revealed a number of problems that extent coincided with the requirements of the international agreements signed by Kazakhstan. This is the provision of qualified medical, legal, psychological assistance during the investigation, serving a sen-tence, and in the process of socializing children and their adaptation. As a result, the article concludes that it is necessary to further implement international norms and their actual implementation at all stages of processes, as well as further improve the material norms of criminal, criminal procedure, administra-tive and family legislation. The article analyzes the main types of juvenile systems adopted with the world. Their positive and negative aspects are singled out, which allowed the authors to make practical suggestions on the development of the domestic model. The practical value of the article is the possibil-ity of using the results obtained to improve the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the rights of the child, as well as in law enforcement activities when bringing a minor to legal responsibility.

This article makes the analysis of development of juvenile courts system of the Republic of Kazakh-stan as basic link of juvenile justice. Also it investigates influence of international public organizations on formation of the modern mechanism of protection of the children’srights. The purpose of this work is the analysis of realization in Kazakhstan of the undertaken international obligations in administration of justice to minors. And also the analysis of problems of development of juvenile justice of Kazakhstan through a prism of a research of historical and legal content of formation of juvenile justice in Kazakh-stan. When writing this work both general-theoretical, and specifically scientific methods of knowledge, namely dialectic, comparative and legal, historical, formal and dogmatic (special and legal), concrete and legal and logical methods have been applied. The scientific and practical importance of a research consists in the received results and conclusions. The increased scientific interest in a problem of ju-venile justice is connected with the continuing reforms in this field, in particular with domestic and international initiatives in improvement of a legal mechanism of protection of the minors’ rights at their interaction with law enforcement agencies. As a result, article makes conclusion on existence of a big complex of problems in the organization of juvenile justice system, which is still far from perfect despite the huge volume of the work which has been carried out in this sphere. Article makes the analysis of the main stages of creation and development of juvenile courts system in Kazakhstan and also defines those tasks which the state and human rights organizations still face. The practical value of article consists in a possibility of use of the received results in improvement of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the rights of the child and also in law-enforcement activity at involvement of the minor to legal responsibility.

Erkki Soini,1 Ossi Riekkinen,2 Heikki Kröger,3,4 Petri Mankinen,1 Taru Hallinen,1 Janne P Karjalainen2 1ESiOR Oy, Kuopio, Finland; 2Bone Index, Kuopio, Finland; 3Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 4Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Purpose: Osteoporosis is asymptomatic morbidity of the elderly which develops slowly over several years. Osteoporosis diagnosis has typically involved Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) followed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in specialist care. Point-of-care pulse-echo ultrasound (PEUS) was developed to overcome DXA-related access issues and to enable faster fracture prevention treatment (FPT) initiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two proposed osteoporosis management (POMs: FRAX→PEUS-if-needed→DXA-if-needed→FPT-if-needed) pathways including PEUS compared with the current osteoporosis management (FRAX→DXA-if-needed→FPT-if-needed).Materials and methods: Event-based probabilistic cost–utility model with 10-year duration for osteoporosis management was developed. The model consists of a decision tree for the screening, testing, and diagnosis phase and is followed by a Markov model for the estimation of incidence of four fracture types and mortality. Five clinically relevant patient cohorts (potential primary FPT in women aged 75 or 85 years, secondary FPT in women aged 65, 75, or 85 years) were modeled in the Finnish setting. Generic alendronate FPT was used for those diagnosed with osteoporosis, including persistence overtime. Discounted (3%/year) incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was the primary outcome. Discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), payer costs (year 2016 value) at per patient and population level, and cost-effectiveness acceptability frontiers were modeled as secondary outcomes.Results: POMs were cost-effective in all patient subgroups with noteworthy mean per patient cost savings of €121/76 (ranges €107–132/52–96) depending on the scope of PEUS result interpretation (test and diagnose/test only, respectively) and negligible differences in QALYs gained in comparison with current osteoporosis management. In the cost-effectiveness acceptability frontiers, POMs had 95%–100% probability of cost-effectiveness with willingness to pay €24,406/QALY gained. The results were robust in sensitivity analyses. Even when assuming a high cost of PEUS (up to €110/test), POMs were cost-effective in all cohorts.Conclusion: The inclusion of PEUS to osteoporosis management pathway was cost-effective. Keywords: diagnostics, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, economic evaluation, Fracture Risk Assessment tool, PICOSTEPS, screening

Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (n = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show neutralization. These results provide evidence for the increased potential of VoC2 to reinfect previously SARS-CoV-infected individuals. The kinetics of NAbs in different patients showed similar decline against all variants, with generally low initial anti-B.1.351 responses becoming undetectable, but with anti-B.1.1.7 NAbs remaining detectable (>20) for months after acute infection.

This study undertakes a contextual analysis of economic and legal risks associated with investment in the Kaliningrad region. The authors emphasise the importance of public-private partnership (PPP) in minimising such risks in order to enhance the region’s attractiveness and to solve development problems. PPP has never been studied as a means to minimise regional investment risks in current conditions. This accounts for the scientific novelty of examining investment risks minimisation through proving the essentiality of developing PPP mechanisms on a unique Russian territory — the Kaliningrad region. The article analyses current investment risks, conditions, barriers, and avenues to enhance the investment climate in the Kaliningrad region. The authors utilise data on current investment in the region and consider the principles of the region’s investment policy. The study stresses the need to develop the regional economy’s ‘points of growth’ within PPP schemes. It is proposed that the region and its municipalities should participate in partner projects in a manner that, firstly, is transparent to national and international investors and concordant with best practices and, secondly, enables the executive authorities and businesses to collaborate in developing the most efficient legal framework for partnership. The article identifies the role of PPP in solving the problem of regional development and gives recommendations on overcoming barriers and implementing PPP projects in the region.

The definition of “coworking” is just beginning to enter the orbit of Russian and foreign scientific research. Coworking spaces as innovative educational content in higher education are being created in Russian universities. The purpose of the study is the justification, development, and testing of a model of electronic coworking environment in the system of higher pedagogical education. At that, coworking environment is considered as an educational virtual cluster at which a basic platform for educational content is created with all educational products attached to it. The following methods of research were used to solve the tasks: design and modeling; the study of coworking environment products, chat conversations, questionnaires; and mathematical methods of result processing (quantitative and qualitative analysis of research results). The results of the study have revealed the advantages of coworking environment: successful socialization, minimization of time and economic resources, expansion of business partnerships, mutual assistance and a comfortable atmosphere. Analysis of studies on the criterion of coworking productivity revealed an increase in student mobility and an increase in the index satisfaction and communication effectiveness. Testing of the electronic coworking model proves its benefits and prospects of its introduction into the system of higher pedagogical education. The results can be used in social psychology, pedagogy, and practice.

В данной статье проводится анализ развития системы ювенальных судов Республики Казахстан как базового звена ювенальной юстиции. Также исследуется влияние международных общественных организации на становление современного механизма защиты прав детей. Целью данной работы является анализ реализации в Казахстане взятых на себя международных обязательств в области отправления правосудия в отношении несовершеннолетних. А также анализ проблем развития ювенальной юстиции Казахстана через призму исследования историко-правового содержания формирования ювенальной юстиции в Казахстане. При написании работы применялись как общетеоретические, так и конкретно научные методы познания, а именно диалектический, сравнительно-правовой, исторический, формально- догматический (специально-юридический), конкретно-правовой и логический. Научная и практическая значимость исследования заключается в полученных результатах и выводах. Повышенный научный интерес к проблеме ювенальной юстиции связан с продолжающимися реформами в данной области, в частности с отечественными и международными инициативами по совершенствованию правового механизма защиты прав несовершеннолетних при их взаимодействии с правоохранительными органами. В итоге, в статье сделан вывод о наличии большого комплекса проблем в организации системы ювенальной юстиции, которая еще далека от совершенства, несмотря на огромный объем работы, проведенной в этой сфере. В статье проводится анализ основных этапов создания и развития системы ювенальных судов в Казахстане, а также определены те задачи, которые еще стоят перед государственными и правозащитными организациями. Практическое значение статьи заключается в возможности использования полученных результатов по совершенствованию действующего законодательства Республики Казахстан и правах ребенка, а также в правоприменительной деятельности при привлечении несовершеннолетнего к юридической ответственности. Ключевые слова: несовершеннолетние, ювенальная юстиция, Пекинские правила.

В данной статье проводится анализ развития материального и процессуального законодательств Республики Казахстан о юридической ответственности несовершеннолетних и влиянии на их развития опыта ряда зарубежных стран и международного законодательства в целом. Целью данной работы является анализ реализации в Казахстане взятых на себя международных обязательств в области отправления правосудия в отношении несовершеннолетних. А также исследование проблем развития ювенальной юстиции Казахстана через призму исследования положительных и отрицательных сторон основных видов мировых систем ювенальной юстиции и их внедрения в отечественную практику. При написании работы применялись как общетеоретические, так и конкретно научные методы познания, а именно диалектический, сравнительно-правовой, исторический, формально-догматический (специально-юридический), конкретно-правовой и логический. Научная и практическая значимость исследования заключается в полученных результатах и выводах. Повышенный научный интерес к проблеме ювенальной юстиции связан с продолжающимися реформами в данной области. Работа системы ювенальных судов выявила целый ряд проблем, которые в тои или иной степени совпали с требованиями международных соглашений, которые подписал Казахстан, это и оказание квалифицированной медицинской, правовой, психологической помощи в период следственных мероприятий, при отбытии наказаний, а также в процессе социализации детей и их адаптации. В итоге, в статье сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейшей имплементации международных норм и их фактического исполнения на всех этапах (стадиях) процессов, а также дальнейшего совершенствования материальных норм уголовного, уголовно-процессуального, административного и семейного законодательств. В статье проводится анализ основных видов ювенальных систем принятых с мире. Выделены их позитивные и негативные аспекты, что позволило авторам внести практические предложения по развитию отечественной модели. Практическое значение статьи заключается в возможности использования полученных результатов по совершенствованию действующего законодательства Республики Казахстан и правах ребенка, а также в правоприменительной деятельности при привлечении несовершеннолетнего к юридической ответственности. Ключевые слова: несовершеннолетние, ювенальная юстиция, Пекинские правила.

This article tentatively outlines whether the contemporary legal system of the Russian Federation allows substantive public participation, in accordance with the central human rights instruments. The author concludes that Russian law provides for quite extensive opportunities for the citizens to engage in political decision-making, at least formally. However, separate cases of law application in courts and administrative organs allow serious deviations from the relevant international standards.

Cadastral information and land administration systems are central to effective land markets, land use and sustainable development. This paper focuses on one aspect of land administration dynamism: the changing uses of cadastral information. We follow a qualitative approach and offer an overview of why, how, and in what form user groups use cadastre and land register data in Finland. We then explore different user groups’ perceptions of emerging changes and discuss their implications for the future land administration system. We identify six major changes that potentially have such implications: the streamlining of environmental permit procedures, the integration of public services, three-dimensional land use planning, tightening banking regulations, digital services, and e-government, and coordination among public data agencies. The paper addresses the relatively unexplored customer side of cadastral information and reiterates the need for an interoperable, accurate and reliable land administration system.