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Weed competition in southern Brazil is one of the main limiting factors for Oryza sativa L. (flooded rice) yield. Echinochloa spp. (barnyardgrass) occurs at a high frequency. Although the potential for weed interference in this cereal is well known, there is little information available about the impact of nutrient competition on rice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the increase of the barnyardgrass population and the development and nutrition of flooded rice plants at different stages of development. The treatments consisted of growing populations of barnyardgrass competing with the crop from stage V4, which were: 0, 1, 6, 13, 100 and 200 plants · m−2. The experimental design was randomized blocks with two replications, and the experimental units were plots 1.53 m wide by 5 m long. Plant biomass, nutrient uptake and loss of productivity were determined with three replications. An increase in the barnyardgrass population reduced the dry mass of rice leaves and stems, regardless of the evaluation period and the vegetative or reproductive period. Barnyardgrass plants had a significant impact on the reduced grain yield of a flooded rice crop, mainly due to high nutrient competitiveness, especially N in the vegetative period and K in the reproductive period. Barnyardgrass caused a loss of yield by unit · m−2 of 1.13%. The competition for N between rice and barnyardgrass plants was higher in the vegetative period, while for K, Ca and Mg the highest competition occurred in the reproductive period.

Galaxies have formed from the repeated mergers of small star-forming clumps over cosmic time, with some small galaxies left over even today, such as the Magellanic clouds. JWST has now discovered two such small galaxies within the first 430 billion years, that are seen close to the very start of this process. MACS0647--JD is a triply-lensed $z \sim 11$ galaxy originally discovered with the \emph{Hubble Space Telescope}. Here we report new JWST imaging, which clearly resolves MACS0647--JD as having two components that are either merging galaxies or stellar complexes within a single galaxy. The brighter larger component ``A'' is intrinsically very blue ($\beta \sim -2.6$), likely due to very recent star formation and no dust, and is spatially extended with an effective radius $\sim70\,{\rm pc}$. The smaller component ``B'' appears redder ($\beta \sim -2$), likely because it is older (100--200\,Myr) with mild dust extinction ($A_V \sim 0.1$\,mag), and a smaller radius $\sim20\,{\rm pc}$. We identify galaxies with similar colors in a high-redshift simulation, finding their star formation histories to be out of phase. JWST NIRSpec observations planned for January 2023 will deliver a spectroscopic redshift and a more detailed study of the physical properties of MACS0647--JD.

Although it has emerged, nationally and internationally, as one of the largest investigations against political corruption, Operation Car Wash—at its peak of popular prestige—cleared the path for the political rise of Jair Bolsonaro to the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil. And by doing so, to a certain extent, it paved the way for a set of arbitrary practices that today threaten and weaken the main Brazilian democratic institutions. Brazilian democracy today pays a high price for the Judiciary’s lethargic and condescending response to the unorthodox and illegal practices of Federal Judge Sérgio Moro during the golden years of Operation Car Wash (2014–2018). The lesson that the Brazilian episode brings to the international legal community is that the constant disrespect for the rules of due criminal procedure in large cases of corruption erodes the institutional bases that support the proper confrontation of this type of crime. The pertinent fight against corruption in a democracy can only take place in strict obedience to the law.

Introducción. Entre los tratamientos quirúrgicos de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo se emplea la técnica de la cinta transobturatriz (TOT, por sus siglas en inglés) desde el 2006 hasta la actualidad. Se presenta un estudio con la aplicación de la cinta uretral (UTP, por sus siglas en inglés) como mejor alternativa al no usar la aguja del TOT. Objetivo. Demostrar las ventajas de la aplicación de la cinta suburetral versus la cinta transobturatriz en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. Métodos. Estudio observacional, comparativo con la técnica no invasiva empleando cinta suburetral versus la técnica de la cinta transobturatriz. Resultados. Se evaluó 50 pacientes intervenidas con TOT, quienes precedieron un turno el mismo día o el día precedente a las pacientes operadas con la cinta uretral. El promedio de edad fue 56 años y el tiempo promedio del procedimiento fue 18 minutos. Las complicaciones consistieron en dolor en la zona inguinal (13 casos), extrusión de malla (2 casos) y, una de cada caso, dehiscencia de sutura de la colpoporrafia anterior, presencia de granuloma inguinoperineal izquierdo por reacción a la malla, hematoma en zona obturatriz izquierda. En los 50 casos tratados con cinta suburetral, el promedio de edad fue 56 años, el tiempo operatorio 7 minutos y no existió complicación alguna. El costo del kit de la TOT fue alrededor de US$ 1 000.00; la cinta suburetral costó US$ 50.00. Conclusiones. En la presente serie de manejo de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, la técnica de la cinta suburetral resultó más segura que la técnica de la cinta transobturatriz y fue de menor costo.

Background: School-aged children may benefit from education interventions focused on healthy eating and physical activity to improve their quality of life. Objective: To review the available scientific evidence on food and nutrition education (FNE) in Spanish-speaking countries for the prevention of excess weight in school-aged children (6-12 y). Methods: Relevant evidence was searched between April and August 2021. The searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and SciELO. The primary search for articles focused on the experience of FNE interventions in Spanish-speaking countries. Results: Overall, 518 articles were found and 33 studies were eligible for data extraction. Forty two percent of the studies had a focus on FNE and 64 percent were focused on describing the eating habits of schoolchildren. Nutritional assessments (anthropometric) were found frequently with 91 percent and 30 percent of the studies focused on physical activity. All interventions focused on preventing or reducing overweight and obesity in school-age children. Educational, cognitive, dietary and physical activity practices were described, being educational the most frequent intervention. Conclusion: Interventions reported positive effects of FNE interventions to improve knowledge and practices of healthy lifestyles in school-age children.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Due to the evolution of resistant weeds to glyphosate, the new technologies Xtend® and Enlist® cropping systems are expected to boost the use of auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D. This study examined the effects of two formulations of 2,4-D and dicamba in tank-mixtures with other pesticides on selected physico-chemical properties of the spray solution, such as stability and pH, as well as other characteristics, such as size in dropcard and surface tension. The research included two factors, factor A comprised the herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D amine and choline salts and a auxin herbicide-free treatment, while factor B comprised 12 pesticides commonly sprayed in Brazil (i.e., five formulations of glyphosate, clethodim, haloxyfop-p-methyl, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, mancozeb, chlorantraniliprole, and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin). Stability and pH, surface tension, and droplet parameters of the tank-mixtures were analyzed. No incompatibility was observed in the tank mixtures tested. Mixing dicamba with clethodim and haloxyfop-p-methyl resulted in pH values below 4.5. Auxin herbicides did not show pH buffering capacity and did not prevent pH changes when the others pesticides were added to the tank-mixtures. All mixtures affected surface tension of herbicides relative to the single solutions. The results support the use of auxin herbicides with other pesticides, given that the use of auxin herbicides will probably increase, following the adoption of new dicamba and 2,4-D technologies. Department of Crop Protection Federal University of Santa Maria Agriculture College “Luiz de Queiróz” São Paulo State University Department of Crop Protection Federal University of Pelotas Agriculture College “Luiz de Queiróz” São Paulo State University

The use of pre-emergent herbicides offers a promising alternative for proper management of difficult-to-control weed species in soybeans, such as white-eye ( Richardia brasiliensis Gomes), a glyphosate-tolerant species, and weeds in the Amaranthus genus (commonly referred to as pigweeds). Here, we aimed at determining whether weed control efficacy and crop selectivity are altered when pre-emergent herbicide applications take place either prior to, or right after crop sowing. To this end, field trials were conducted employing 10 preemergent herbicide treatments (plus an untreated control as well as an untreated, weed-free treatment), replicated four times and sprayed either before, or right after soybean sowing. Results indicate that the actual timing of pre-emergent herbicide spraying relative to soybean sowing significantly changed the weed control efficiency set forth by most herbicide active ingredients tested, with no change to their selectivity to crop plants whatsoever. Some herbicides (e.g. diclosulam, mesotrione, flumioxazin, and a flumioxazin + imazethapyr mixture), however, were equally effective for controlling white-eye and pigweeds regardless of application timing. Moreover, the only herbicide treatments allowing for satisfactory (>70%) control of all target weed species (white-eye, pigweeds, and black oats, Avena strigosa Schreb.) were flumioxazin and a flumioxazin + imazethapyr mixture. Spraying performed after sowing resulted in average yield gains of over 600 kg ha-1 relative to pre-sowing applications, possibly owing to better control of broadleaves. Altogether, this information is useful to soybean producers, as it does not lead to an increase in overall costs; instead, it only affects the timing of entry into the area for pre-emergent herbicide application.

In recent years, Mexico’s level of different physiological and mental negative states, such as stress have increased. This has among its consequences, low work production and social problems including the alarming numbers that nearly 43% of adults report high levels of stress. The increase of stress incidence in people aged 15–29 years, and the lack of stress relief measures have an important impact on a person’s physical, mental and emotional health. In order to diminish these negative effects different approaches can be implemented for example, the use of audiovisual stimulus to induce emotions [1]. In this work the emotional analysis through facial expression is implemented [2, 3]. We propose the use of domotics to influence the user’s emotional state, creating an interactive space that reacts to the users emotions adapting to the most suitable scenario. The first experiments we conducted occurred in an industrial production simulator in which lights’ hue was varied in order to perceive the impact of such lights on the emotions reflected by the subject. The emotional impact was analyzed through the FACET $$^{\mathrm{TM}}$$ module of the biometric platform iMotions $$^{\mathrm{TM}}$$ . These experiments together with the experience of other investigators leaded to the design and construction of an experimental booth that let us experiment with other variables like humidity and temperature. The design of one of such experiments is presented in this work based on a stress profile. This experiment’s objective is to allow us to correlate the impact of the environmental variables over the emotional state reflected on subjects’ expressions in order to integrate it for a control loop. The final system has multiple potential applications, among them one is the implementation for the analysis of design prototypes of both products and architecture models.

The present study aimed to introduce an approach to implement facial analysis on monitoring driver emotional status in real time. For this purpose, an experimental setup had been performed based on commercial technologies. Such experimental protocol includes the main variables involved in driving and how those variables influence in the driver performance. The goal of the experimental design was to detect which emotions of the driver s face are present during driving and how those emotions can be changed in presence of stimuli from a passive advanced driver for assistance systems (ADAS). Finally, the idea is to investigate if the driver performance changes when some external stimuli are applied as hazards are reported to the driver. The experimental results suggest that the ADAS is not sufficient to enhance the driver’s performance. As a result, the authors propose a new framework for driver assistance systems based on driver state, especially emotions: advanced driver monitoring for assistance systems (ADMAS), refer to Fig. 1. With ADMAS implementation security and intelligence can be provided to a car and thus help to reduce traffic accidents.

O manejo de plantas daninhas é essencial para a obtenção de elevadas produtividades de grãos na cultura de arroz irrigado. Neste estudo, teve-se, como objetivos, mapear, quantificar e avaliar a ocorrência de resistência de plantas daninhas em áreas de produção de arroz irrigado com o sistema Clearfield® (CL) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento fitossociológico por meio de coletas georreferenciadas de solos em 36 propriedades com o cultivo de arroz irrigado, em 16 cidades do RS. As amostras de solo foram acondicionadas em bandejas de polietileno com 792 cm2 de área e dispostas em casa-de-vegetação, a fim de permitir a emergência de plantas daninhas durante o período de outubro de 2018 a junho de 2019. As plantas daninhas presentes foram quantificadas e identificadas em nível de gênero, com auxílio de bibliografia especializada. As variáveis analisadas foram frequência, frequência relatativa, densidade, densidade relativa, abundância, abundância relativa e índice de valor de importância. Foram identificados 38 gêneros, distribuídos em 20 famílias, e as mais representativas foram Poaceae, Cyperaceae e Asteraceae. Os gêneros Cyperus, Echinochloa, Oryza e Lolium apresentaram os maiores índices de valor de importância. Os três primeiros evidenciaram elevada frequência e ampla distribuição nas regiões produtoras de arroz irrigado. As áreas com o cultivo de arroz irrigado, no sistema CL, apresentaram uma alta diversidade e distribuição de plantas daninhas. Plantas daninhas do gênero Cyperus possuem maiores valores de frequência, densidade e abundância relativas, bem como alto índice de valor de importância dentre as que foram observadas.

Objectives: The article's objectives were to describe the distinction in the core of action devaluation and result devaluation, between the illegality of tax evasion within the scope of Administrative Law and tax crime. Methodology: The methodology was based on the deductive method, which characterized the present research as descriptive of qualitative nature, through a comparative bibliographic review, the circumstantial analysis of two specific cases and object of a complaint involving tax evasion and judged by the Brazilian Judiciary. The comparative Brazilian and international bibliographic review converge on the dogmatic concept of a criminal offence and an administrative law.Result: The result presented a critical analysis of the explored cases, which resulted in evidence that the Public Ministry and the Brazilian Courts, due to dogmatic mistakes, do not make, with regard to tax evasion, the correct distinction between administrative and criminal offences. Contributions: The article emphasizes the result of the research that established a dogmatic analysis, with emphasis on the distinction between the criminal offence and the merely administrative offence. As a contribution, the article offered a deep discussion and theoretical knowledge of an academic nature regarding the theme. Keywords: tax evasion; tax crimes; fraud; typical illicit. RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi traçar a distinção nos núcleos de desvalor de ação e desvalor de resultado, entre o ilícito de sonegação no âmbito do Direito Administrativo e o crime tributário. Metodologia: A metodologia fundamentou-se no método dedutivo, que caracterizou a presente pesquisa como descritiva de natureza qualitativa, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica comparada e na análise circunstancial da realidade em dois casos concretos, objeto de denúncia envolvendo sonegação fiscal e julgados pelo Poder Judiciário brasileiro. A revisão bibliográfica brasileira e internacional comparada convergem no conceito dogmático de um ilícito penal e um licito administrativo. Resultado: O resultado apresentou uma crítica aos casos concretos explorados, que resultou em evidencia que o Ministério Público e os Tribunais brasileiros, por equívocos dogmáticos, não realizam, no que refere à sonegação fiscal, a correta distinção entre ilícito administrativo e ilícito penal. Acabam, portanto, equiparandoos. Contribuições: O artigo enfatiza o resultado da pesquisa que estabeleceu uma análise dogmática, com ênfase na distinção entre o ilícito penal e o ilícito meramente administrativo. Ainda como contribuição, o artigo aprofundou a discussão e o conhecimento teórico de caráter acadêmico referente a temática. Palavras-chave: Crime tributário; Sonegação fiscal; Ilícito-típico; Fraude; Desvalor de ação; Desvalor de resultado

The error estimate of an adopted model is one of the main challenges in the quantification of uncertainty and in predictive science. For computational models of complex physical systems, the model error - also known as ‘random process’ or ‘model inadequacy’ - is frequently the major contributor to general predictive uncertainty. In stochastic mechanics, process uncertainties are associated to the material and geometry of the structural elements as well as to the load on the structure and, from the random process, one seeks to quantify the variability of the responses, generally associated to stresses and strains. Uncertainty is dealt with as a multivariate stochastic field where the system properties are modeled through their probability distribution. The Monte Carlo simulation emerges as a traditional model of reliability evaluation in order to solve the stochastic variational problem formulated using finite elements, but, for more complex systems, the computing costs of this model becomes prohibitive. The proposal of the present work is to study, apply, and evaluate the Monte Carlo λ-Neumann simulation model with a numerical methodology and strategy to quantify uncertainty when applied to the traditional Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory and the Timoshenko bending and rotation theory. MCS N-λ is based on the Neumann series and, for problems to which it was applied, it presented a satisfactory performance regarding a reduction in processing time and also in the non-intrusiveness of the computer program.

This text corresponds, with minor changes, to the communication made at the Colloquium Commemorating the One Hundred and Fifty Years of Abolition of Death Penalty in Portugal, held in October 2017 at the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra. From a brief digression to the history of the death penalty in Brazil, it defends, essentially, and opposing the understanding defended by many during its centenary, the confrontation of the death penalty as a fundamentally legal problem, and not merely political: death is not a penalty; and punishment, as a legal sanction, cannot be death. The annihilation of the subject to be punished is not, and cannot aspire to be, a criminal sanction. El presente texto corresponde, con pocas modificaciones, a la comunicación hecha con ocasión del Coloquio conmemorativo a los Ciento y Cincuenta años de la abolición de la pena de muerte en Portugal, celebrada em de octubre de 2017 en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Coimbra. A partir de una breve digresión a la historia de la pena de muerte en Brasil, se defiende, en términos esenciales, y en oposición a la comprensión por muchos defendida en su centenario, el enfrentamiento de la pena de muerte como problema fundamentalmente jurídico, y no meramente político: la muerte no es pena; y la pena, como sanción jurídica, no puede ser muerte. El aniquilamiento del sujeto a ser castigado no es, y no puede ambicionar a ser, una sanción jurídica-criminal. O presente texto corresponde, com alterações de pormenor, à comunicação feita por ocasião do Colóquio Comemorativo aos Cento e Cinquenta Anos da Abolição da Pena de Morte em Portugal, ocorrido em outubro de 2017 na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra. A partir de uma breve digressão à história da pena de morte no Brasil, defende-se, em termos essenciais, e em oposição à compreensão por muitos defendida quando do seu centenário, o enfrentamento da pena de morte enquanto problema fundamentalmente jurídico, e não meramente político: a morte não é pena; e a pena, enquanto sanção jurídica, não pode ser morte. O aniquilamento do sujeito a ser punido não é, e não pode ambicionar a ser, uma sanção jurídico-criminal.

This paper presents an informed, structured process to the selection of health wearables in the context of mobile health projects, though it may be applied to other wearable devices in different contexts. In particular, this process was applied to the selection of a consumer heatlh wearable for physical activity tracking based on step count within the context of an actual mobile health project that aims to address the early detection of frailty syndrome in the geriatric population in Mexico. The process started with the identification of user needs, followed by their translation to technical specifications defined in terms of metrics (quantifiable features). These metrics were defined using ideal and marginally acceptable values based on national regulations and constraints imposed by the specific context. The devices available in the market were screened and rated against these technical specifications using weighted rating scales that recognise the relative importance of certain specifications. Finally, the selected device was submitted to a preliminary verification test for accuracy. Additional work is required to validate the device for its use under real-life conditions.

OBJETIVOS: Establece la relación entre el diagnostico ecográfico de una colección en la cúpula vaginal luego de histerectomía vaginal y de las complicaciones que puedan devenir. LUGAR: Servicio de Ginecología del Pabellón 5 II del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Arzobispo Loayza , entre agosto de 2001 hasta marzo de 2002.MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio con una muestra de 153 pacientes, con indicaciones para la cirugía electiva de histerectomía vaginal y que al tercer día del postoperatorio, se le realizo una ecografía pélvica, para determinar la existencia del alguna colección de la cúpula. De acuerdo a los diversos análisis estadísticos se consideró significancia estadística a un p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: En las pacientes estudiadas, la edad y el número de gestaciones promedio fueron 56 años y 7, respectivamente. Se presentaron 40,5% de complicaciones, siendo las dos terceras partes de índole infecciosa, a predominio de las infecciones urinarias atribuidas a la permanencia de la sonda vesical por mas de 72 horas, y el resto relacionadas a infección y hematoma de cúpula; en menor medida se presentaron fallas en la técnica operatoria. CONCLUSIÓN. La presencia de la colección de cúpula por ecografía en el postoperatorio inmediato de histerectomía vaginal indicó un aumento de 77 veces el riesgo de tener una complicación a ese nivel.

Throughout this document the details and progress of the research in emotional domotics, whose ultimate goal is the development of a controlled algorithm for living spaces based on the emotional state of the user, will be illustrated and detailed. The first section details the motivations and objectives of the project. The second section gives a brief introduction about what is domotics and emotional interpretation through the facial analysis. The third section details the direction and current progress of this research. Later in section four, the background and models that have influenced the project are detailed. Sections five and six detail the procedures and results of the first experiment conducted during the investigation. Finally, in section seven we will close with the conclusions currently achieved and a brief introduction to the future work are showed.

The role of music on driving process had been discussed in the context of driver assistance as an element of security and comfort. Throughout this document, we present the development of an audio recommender system for the use by drivers, based on facial expression analysis. This recommendation system has the objective of increasing the attention of the driver by the election of specific music pieces. For this pilot study, we start presenting an introduction to audio recommender systems and a brief explanation of the function of our facial expression analysis system. During the driving course the subjects (seven participants between 19 and 25 years old) are stimulated with a chosen group of audio compositions and their facial expressions are captured via a camera mounted in the car's dashboard. Once the videos were captured and recollected, we proceeded to analyse them using the FACET™ module of the biometric capture platform iMotions™. This software provides us with the expression analysis of the subjects. Analysed data is postprocessed and the data obtained were modelled on a quadratic surface that was optimized based on the known cestrum and tempo of the songs and the average evidence of emotion. The results showed very different optimal points for each subject, that indicates different type of music for optimizing driving attention. This work is a first step for obtaining a music recommendation system capable to modulate subject attention while driving.

Nosso tempo não tem uma única feição. Se, por um lado, é verdade que a informática longe está de dar conta de tantas e tão profundas transformações, por outro, não se pode negar que ela mudou, de forma radical, o modo do homem relacionar-se com o mundo e com o tempo. A informática permitiu o tempo instantâneo e, simultaneamente, a compressão do espaço. As comunicações já não encontram fronteiras físicas. A velocidade passa a pautar as relações humanas. A essa nova e tão intensa dimensão relacional corresponde, por decorrência lógica, novos conflitos, a que é chamado também o direito penal. Parte deles, é verdade, já conhecidos e regulados pela legislação penal. Delitos que encontram na informática apenas um novo espaço e novas formas de realização. Outros, porém, dotado de novas características, colocam dificuldades não só na delimitação da matéria de incriminação, como, até mesmo, na identificação dos valores tutelados pela norma. Tendo em vista o estado ainda insipiente do direito positivo, bem como as particularidades locais de cada ordem jurídica, buscamos ter em conta alguns problemas comuns e particularmente sensíveis a nossa tradição jurídico-penal, tendo como referência as proposições da Convenção de Budapeste e a Decisão-quadro 2005/222/JAI do Conselho, sem, todavia, descuidar do direito positivo brasileiro.

O presente texto corresponde, com alterações de pormenor, à comunicação feita por ocasião do Colóquio Comemorativo aos Cento e Cinquenta Anos da Abolição da Pena de Morte em Portugal, ocorrido em outubro de 2017 na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra. A partir de uma breve digressão à história da pena de morte no Brasil, defende-se, em termos essenciais, e em oposição à compreensão por muitos defendida quando do seu centenário, o enfrentamento da pena de morte enquanto problema fundamentalmente jurídico, e não meramente político: a morte não é pena; e a pena, enquanto sanção jurídica, não pode ser morte. O aniquilamento do sujeito a ser punido não é, e não pode ambicionar a ser, uma sanção jurídico-criminal.

São apresentadas novas informações sobre a distribuição geográfica de algumas espécies de peixes teleósteos que ocorrem na costa brasileira, incluindo duas espécies que nunca haviam sido registradas em nossas águas. Os serranídeos Pseudogramma gregoryi (assinalado da Flórida à Venezuela) e Plectranthias garrupellus (registrado da Carolina do Norte ao Caribe) foram encontrados, respectivamente, na costa do Ceará e na costa sudeste-sul do Brasil. São aqui mencionados e discutidos os dois primeiros registros do gênero Caristius (Caristiidae) no Brasil, bem como os primeiros registros na costa sudeste-sul do Brasil das espécies Enchelycore carychroa (Muraenidae), e Chilomycterus antillarum (Diodontidae), e da espécie Neobythites brasiliensis(Bythitidae) no nordeste do Brasil. É também assinalada a ocorrência mais setentrional do pargo Calamus mu (Sparidae), uma espécie até então circunscrita à região entre o Espírito Santo e São Paulo, e são discutidos os registros adicionais de Bascanichthys paulensis (Ophichthidae), Nezumia aequalis (Macrouridae), Antigonia combatia (Caproidae) e Notolycodes schmidti (Zoarcidae) na costa brasileira.New data of the geographical distribution of several species of teleost fishes assigned to the Brazilian coast, including some species never previously recorded, are presented. The serranids Pseudogramma gregoryi (recorded from Florida to Venezuela), and Plectranthias garrupellus (recorded from North Carolina to Caribbean Sea) were found, respectively, in coast of Ceará and in southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. The two sole records the family Caristiidae in Brazilian coast are mentioned and discussed, and are given herein the first accounts of the species Enchelycore carychroa (Muraenidae) and Chilomycterus antillarum (Diodontidae) from southeastern Brazilian coast, and of Neobythites brasiliensis (Bythitidae) from northeastern Brazilian coast. We have also discussed the northernmost occurrence of Calamus mu (Sparidae), a species formerly circumscribed to the region between Espírito Santo and São Paulo, and additional records of Bascanichthys paulensis (Ophichthidae), Nezumia aequalis (Macrouridae), Antigonia combatia (Caproidae) and Notolycodes schmitti (Zoarcidae).

Os impactos resultantes das microempresas nos niveis de crescimento e desenvolvimento de um pais estao cada dia mais evidentes. Sendo assim, e estrategico para um governo facilitar e simplificar os procedimentos que devem ser realizados para a insercao das suas microempresas na economia formal, bem como adotar claras de orientacao e esclarecimento dos seus empreendedores. O presente artigo se propoe a identificar boas praticas para uma correta formalizacao de uma nova microempresa na economia. Para tanto e feita uma analise das condicoes encontradas no estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil e na provincia de Alberta, no Canada. Com a identificacao das exigencias em cada uma das unidades dos paises citados, pode ser feita a uma confrontacao das realidades encontradas nos dois paises. Assim, o artigo compara a legislacao dos dois paises, tracando um perfil da legalizacao brasileira diante da canadense. A comparacao e feita com base uma pesquisa bibliografica que apoia a discussao e dos resultados obtidos. O artigo constata condicoes desfavoraveis no Brasil, considerando-se o de tempo necessario para a abertura de uma empresa e o alto custo das etapas necessarias. Constata-se que as mudancas nas condicoes brasileiras devem ser direcionadas para a facilidade de acesso as informacoes e a reducao de custo e tempo para a conclusao das exigencias legais.