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The aim of the study is to assess the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the 18-items Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (Form B) in a Portuguese sample of people aged 60 and over. Background: The 18-item Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (Form B) is an instrument for assessing dysfunctional attitudes and can be useful as a predictor of depression for both initial episodes and relapses Methods: This was a one-stage cross-sectional survey of Portuguese-speaking people aged 60 years and over, able to read and write, functionally autonomous, and living in the community in their usual residences. The instrument was evaluated for its psychometric properties. Convergent validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II was assessed. Results: The Portuguese version of the 18-item Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (Form B) was structured into three factors, which explained a total of 58.95% of the total variance of the instrument. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a modified model in which three factors were obtained with an eigenvalue greater than one (Kaiser’s criterion). Three factors were obtained instead of two as in the original study. It showed an internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.770) and an interclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.166 to 0.449, and the overall convergent validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II was considered good; Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-18B) of people aged 60 and over demonstrated good psychometric properties.

Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptomatology among older adults and to assess their association with loneliness and quality of life according to institutionalisation status in a Portuguese sample. Background: The World Health Organisation estimates that by 2050, the world’s population over 60 will number two billion people, which poses complex challenges in terms of maintaining the mental health of older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population, but the post-pandemic phase has not yet been studied much. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2023 among institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults (total n = 525; institutionalised = 458; non-institutionalised = 67) who were selected by convenience sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the presence of depressive symptoms, the WHOQOL-BREF to assess perceived quality of life and the Loneliness Scale (UCLA) to assess negative feelings of loneliness. Unconditional logistic regression models were fitted to compute crude adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the association between sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics and depressive symptomatology, according to institutionalisation status. The final model was adjusted for sex, age, QoL and feelings of loneliness. Results: Of the 525 participants, 74.6% of the non-institutionalised participants had no or minimal depressive symptoms, while 55.4% of the institutionalised participants fell into this category. Mild to moderately severe depressive symptoms were present in 25.4% of the non-institutionalised participants. 26.9% of the institutionalised participants had mild symptoms, 11.8% had moderate symptoms, 3.9% had moderately severe symptoms, and 2.0% had severe depressive symptoms. Overall, a higher quality of life was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Participants describing feelings of loneliness were more likely also to present depressive symptoms (OR = 78.10; 95%CI 2.90–2106.08 and OR = 3.53; 95%CI 1.72–6.91 for non-institutionalised and institutionalised older adults, respectively), independently of institutionalisation status. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in older adults, which means that it has not decreased after the increase seen due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A lower perception of quality of life and the presence of negative feelings of loneliness are associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. These conclusions suggest that plans should be developed to intervene in the dimensions of depressive symptoms, perceived quality of life and negative feelings of loneliness.

RS Gaúcho is a common bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the black commercial group, with an average weight of 1,000 grains of 186 g, erect habit, indeterminate growth habit, type II/III, 90-day cycle, and an average productivity of 2,308 kg ha-1. The development of the RS Gaúcho cultivar is in line with the theme of agricultural sustainability, as this new cultivar presents excellent productivity. It is indicated for different cultivation systems in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the harvest (1st harvest) and off-season (2nd harvest) periods, in dry or irrigated crops, in direct or conventional planting systems, in monoculture or intercropping.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore how the development of research skills through postgraduate training is transferred to the use of research in clinical nursing practice. Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study developed based on a focus group in October 2021, using an intentional sample of eight postgraduate nurses from a healthcare institution in the region of Baixo Alentejo, Portugal. Bardin's content analysis was performed to analyze data. The participants and two reviewers legitimized the findings. In addition, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist were applied to this study to ensure the quality of the research report. Results: From the data analysis, three categories emerged: 1) transfer of research skills to clinical practice, 2) constraints to the development of research, and 3) expectations concerning the development of nursing research. Conclusion: Appreciation of research skills in contexts of practice, team involvement, improvement of nursing care outcomes, greater understanding of the research process, communication of results, and transferring knowledge to the clinic are contributions of research skills acquired in postgraduation training. The findings from this study can contribute to the development of health and nursing education policies.

Abstract Background The literature review notes that people in need of care from Rehabilitation Programs do not always see their continuity ensured. Objective This study aim to analyze the perspective of Specialists Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing in relation to the organization and specialized intervention of transitional care for older people in need of rehabilitation programs. Methods This is a qualitative study within the interpretivist paradigm. A focus group with 8 nurses and 13 interviews with Portuguese nurses were carried out between April 2022 and February 2023. Content analysis was carried out. Results The triangulation of the data made it possible to identify 3 categories: Coordination of a transitional care program; Empowering the person to self-manage the transitional care process and Empowering the Informal Caregiver. Conclusions It is imperative to promote the coordination of transitional care, increase the functional capacity of the person and empower the informal caregiver.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar uma roça implantada de acordo com a cultura dos caiçaras, uma população tradicional de parte do litoral brasileiro, para determinar aspectos relacionados à sua sustentabilidade ecológica. Esse tipo de roça inicia-se com a derrubada de uma área de floresta e sua queima. O balanço de nutrientes foi feito através das seguintes avaliações: a) fitomassa e nutrientes armazenados na floresta (solo e vegetação); b) contribuição das cinzas para os estoques de nutrientes na roça; c) a produtividade de uma cultura (feijão) e d) balanço de nutrientes do solo entre o plantio da roça e a colheita. Quando comparado o solo sob os dois sistemas (floresta e roça), verifica-se a ocorrência de ganhos de 21,3% de P e 24,9% de K e perdas de 15,3% de matéria orgânica, 37,3% de Ca e 31,6% Mg. No contexto cultural e tecnológico em que o fogo é utilizado nas roças, ele é altamente eficiente na transformação da biomassa florestal inpalatável ao homem em alimento.

Introdução: A pneumonia é uma doença onde ocorre a inflamação do parênquima de um ou ambos os pulmões. É um dos principais motivos de internamento por doença respiratória e caracteriza-se por um padrão restritivo, onde há diminuição na capacidade do volume inspirado. O tratamento da pneumonia é sintomático e/ou farmacológico, em função dos agentes envolvidos, e deve ser complementado com a realização de exercícios de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória para otimizar a ventilação, prevenir e corrigir as alterações posturais, permeabilizar a via aérea e reduzir o trabalho respiratório. Objetivo: Identificar o contributo de um programa de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória dirigido à pessoa com pneumonia. Método: Estudo de Caso que respeita as guidelines Case REport. Foi implementado um programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação dirigido aos diagnósticos identificados consoante os objetivos previstos e das necessidades identificadas na avaliação inicial da pessoa cuidada. Resultados: As técnicas de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória utilizadas permitiram a redução da sintomatologia associada à pneumonia, a melhoria da capacidade de exercício e da capacidade funcional, com um posterior aumento da participação nas atividades de vida diárias e consequentemente, uma melhoria da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação implementado contribuiu para a melhoria da função respiratória e da funcionalidade da pessoa com doença respiratória aguda.

Abstract The transport of passively dispersed organisms across tropical margins remains poorly understood. Hypotheses of oceanographic transportation potential lack testing with large scale empirical data. To address this gap, we used the seagrass species, Halodule wrightii, which is unique in spanning the entire tropical Atlantic. We tested the hypothesis that genetic differentiation estimated across its large-scale biogeographic range can be predicted by simulated oceanographic transport. The alternative hypothesis posits that dispersal is independent of ocean currents, such as transport by grazers. We compared empirical genetic estimates and modelled predictions of dispersal along the distribution of H. wrightii. We genotyped eight microsatellite loci on 19 populations distributed across Atlantic Africa, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil and developed a biophysical model with high-resolution ocean currents. Genetic data revealed low gene flow and highest differentiation between (1) the Gulf of Mexico and two other regions: (2) Caribbean-Brazil and (3) Atlantic Africa. These two were more genetically similar despite separation by an ocean. The biophysical model indicated low or no probability of passive dispersal among populations and did not match the empirical genetic data. The results support the alternative hypothesis of a role for active dispersal vectors like grazers.

Peer review supports the integrity and quality of scientific publishing. However, although it is a fundamental part of the publishing process, peer review can also be challenging for reviewers, editors, and other stakeholders. The present study aims to explore the nurses’ motivations, barriers, and facilitators in engaging in a peer review process. This qualitative, descriptive exploratory study will be developed in partnerships with three research centers. Researchers followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist to ensure the quality of this study protocol. According to the selection criteria, the purposive sampling will be used to recruit nurse researchers that act as peer reviewers for several scientific journals in various fields of knowledge. Interviews will be conducted until data have been sufficiently consistent with meeting the initial objectives. Researchers will develop a guide comprising a set of open-ended questions to collect participants’ characteristics, descriptive review behavior, and perceptions regarding their motivations, barriers, and facilitators. Researchers will analyze data using an inductive process of content analysis with the help of the QDA Miner Lite database. Findings from this study will generate knowledge that may help stakeholders identify facilitating factors and barriers and guide the development of strategies to remove or minimize these barriers.

ABSTRACT: Protocols to artificially induce cows and heifers into lactation are effective and commercially available in Brazil. However, these protocols demand long hormonal treatments, which is debatable since little research has been done in the subject. To further understand artificial induction to lactation (AIL) protocols, we conducted two experiments. In experiment 1, our objective was to better characterize steroidal profile during an AIL protocol and assess the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) serum profiles of Jersey cows (n=6) subjected to a conventional protocol. In experiment 2, we aimed to compare milk production and serum E2 concentrations of Holstein heifers induced into lactation by the standard AIL protocol (15 injections of E2 and 8 P4 injections) and by a short protocol in which the number of E2 injections and, consequently, the overall dosage of E2, were reduced (8 injections of E2 and 8 P4 injections). We hypothesized that a short AIL protocol (8 days) would be as efficient as the long standard protocol of 15 days. Our hypothesis was confirmed, since we demonstrated that a shorter protocol was able to induce lactation in Holstein heifers without hindering milk production.

To increase productivity, new types of beans that present different characteristics, such as higher grain yieldare necessary. The cultivar RS Centenário is the result of a selection carried out in 2007 using the “Iraí” cultivar, in a plot of genetic seed production. In the 2008 crop season, the seeds of the selected plants originated a segregant population. In 2009, the mass selection was carried out again. After two advancing generations, the phenotypic uniformity of the population was reached and the seeds were harvested in bulk. After several tests, the “SM 0112” lineage was denominated cultivar “RS Centenário” and the results of the assessed at a value for cultivation and use (VCU) trials were used to register the new cultivar. “RS Centenário” was registered as a new cultivar to be commercially grown in the Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), in southern Brazil. “RS Centenário” is a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a brindle seed coat, average weight of 1,000 seeds of 343 g, erect plants, indeterminate growth habit II/III, cycle of 88 days, high added value and average yield of 1,685 kg ha-1.

Background: Addressing informal caregivers’ needs is essential for ensuring quality healthcare and promoting citizen-centred care. This systematic review assessed current knowledge about programmes aimed at meeting the needs of informal caregivers of adults who are dependent on others for daily life activities. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases EBSCOhost Research Platform, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library were searched for randomized experimental studies published between 2012 and 2022 that implemented programmes addressing informal caregivers’ needs to improve their experiences, health, and well-being. Quality was assessed using the standardized critical evaluation tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent investigators performed the eligibility assessment and data extraction. Quantitative data on the effectiveness of interventions were collected, and the content of each intervention was synthesized and aggregated into categories, through narrative synthesis. Results: The majority of the included studies (n = 16) were conducted in European countries and implemented a structured intervention programme compared to the provision of usual care. The studies were of fair to high methodological quality, with a higher risk of bias related to blinding. The results supported the achievement of favourable health outcomes among informal caregivers, namely improvements in mental health (n = 3) and quality of life (n = 3) and a decrease in psychological symptomatology (n = 5) and burden (n = 3). None of the interventions reported adverse outcomes; however, five studies did not describe significant differences in the outcomes assessed after the implementation of the programmes. Interventions focusing on training and educating caregivers (n = 14) and cognitive–behavioural strategies (n = 7) were the most common, while programmes focusing on emotional and psychological support as a resource to improve caregivers’ psychological outcomes were scarce. Conclusions: This systematic review adds to the growing body of evidence and insight showing that programmes that address informal caregivers’ needs seem to contribute to better physical and psychological health outcomes through the promotion of caregivers’ educational support and the implementation of cognitive–behavioural strategies. Future research should implement methodologically robust cross-country programmes tailored to informal caregivers’ physical, emotional, psychosocial, societal, and educational needs throughout the care trajectory.

Abstract Vascular epiphytes contribute significantly to the biodiversity of tropical forests. We aimed to identify the epiphyte species occurring in the Muriqui Trail at Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (SBSP), a priority area for Atlantic forest conservation in southeastern Brazil. We selected 10 phorophytes, from which we sampled epiphytes and took light intensity measurements at three strata: up to 4 m, 4 to 8 m, and above 8 m. Phorophytes represented eight species, eight genera, and six families. We found 25 epiphytic species from 17 genera and nine families. Ferns showed highest richness, especially Polypodiaceae. We report herein important data on epiphyte diversity in eastern Minas Gerais state (Zona da Mata), including the occurrence of species rarely cited in surveys. Fomenting local conservation along with environmental education may be pivotal for counteracting anthropic pressure on SBSP.

Cancer has an associated burden that continues to grow, affecting patients, family caregivers, and the individual’s community. The family caregivers’ unmet needs may harmfully jeopardize their well-being and the patient’s health outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to understand the needs and expectations of family caregivers of cancer patients to develop and improve care practices. The present study aims to explore the needs and expectations of family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care. This qualitative, descriptive exploratory study will use purposive sampling to recruit family caregivers and healthcare professionals from the palliative care units of two hospital centers in Lisbon and Tagus Valley. First, the Focus group will be performed until data saturation occurs. Then, a conventional thematic analysis will be applied to analyze data with the help of the coding software QDA Miner Lite database. This study’s findings will help identify gaps in care and provide data that can support healthcare professionals in providing evidence-based centered care to family caregivers. It can also generate knowledge that may help stakeholders to develop a comprehensive support system for cancer survivors in palliative care and their family caregivers.

In the face of an increasingly aging population, nurses have to design and implement programs aimed at the elderly in order to keep them healthy and maintain their quality of life. Structured physical exercise and overall physical activity play a major role in maintaining an active lifestyle, improving health, preventing disease, and helping to maintain older people’s quality of life. To investigate the importance of implementing physical exercise programs for the older person in the community, taking into account the perspective of the rehabilitation nurse specialist, this is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with nine rehabilitation nurses from various regions of Portugal who have experience of implementing physical exercise programs with the elderly. This study used semi-structured interviews, one of the most common data collection procedures in social and health research. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study received a positive opinion from the Ethics Committee. The participants’ perspectives focused on the following subjects: “Physical exercise program for the elderly in the community”, “Importance of physical exercise in the rehabilitation of the elderly in the community”, “People’s adherence to the programs”, “Gains in health resulting from the implementation of these strategies” and “Gains from group activities”. A set of indicators emerged from the analysis. Nurses recognize the importance of using structured physical exercise programs adjusted to the rehabilitation of the older person, with gains in promoting active and healthy aging.

Introduction Depression is a common mental disorder and is a major cause of years lived with disability. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the prevalence of depression worldwide. Our aim is to identify and synthesise the determinants of depression, the diagnostic assessment tools used to evaluate depression, and the interventions carried out since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population aged 60 and older.Methods and analysis A systematic review of the literature will be conducted. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. The search strategy will include the following Medical Subject Headings or similar terms: “Depression”, “Depressive Disorder”, “Depressive Symptoms”, “Older Adults”, “Aging”, “Elderly”, Pandemic” and “COVID-19”. Two independent reviewers will ascertain whether the resulting articles meet inclusion and exclusion criteria, and perform the analysis of data quality. Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. All studies reported between December 2019 and March 2022 meeting the following criteria will be included: studies in adults aged 60 and over, and articles written in English, Portuguese, Spanish or German. Information on determinants of depression, assessment instruments used to assess depressive symptoms and/or interventions to decrease depression are reported. Studies will not be excluded based on geographical area study context (eg, community, culture or specific environment). All studies related to diagnostic assessment, care planning and/or intervention strategies specifically for older adults with depression will be included.Ethics and dissemination As only secondary data will be analysed, no ethical approval is required for this study. This scientific article is a systematic review protocol for which data have not yet been extracted or analysed. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022299775.

Background: Hemispherotomy is the treatment of choice for children with refractory epilepsy. Although hemiplegia, sensory and motor impairments result from this surgical procedure, seizure control is effective as well as anticonvulsant dose reduction. Description of functional gains after rehabilitation of these children are still incomplete. Aims: To evaluate the effects of an early intensive rehabilitation program in the gross motor function of lower limbs after 30, 90, 180 and 360 days of surgery for the treatment of epilepsy (hemispherotomy), and compare to historic controls. Materials and Methods: prospective and longitudinal case series, with historic controls. Fourteen out of sixteen children who underwent hemispherotomy from January 2012 to February 2013 received an early rehabilitation protocol (ERP). Functional assessment included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS) lower limb subscale, and Gross Motor Function System of Classification (GMFCS), as well as the need of wheelchairs and walking aids. A historical group of 13 children who received a conventional rehabilitation protocol (CRP) was used as control. Results: FMS and BBS improved in ERP subjects until 6 months after surgery and reached a plateau. One year after hemispherotomy, all children in the ERP group could walk independently and had mild limitations to mobility whereas, among those in the CRP subjects, there was a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal deformities and severe gait restrictions. Conclusions: ERP promotes rapid functional recovery during one-year follow-up and, as compared to the CRP group, the average functional capacity of the ERP group was considerably higher. These data support the beneficial effects of a specific, individualized and early rehabilitation approach for such patients.

Population connectivity influences the distribution of genetic diversity and divergence along a species range, as the likelihood of extinction or differentiation increases in isolated populations. However, there is still poor understanding of the processes mediating inter-population dispersal in marine species that are sessile and lack planktonic life stages. One such case is the seagrass species Halodule wrightii, which produces basal seeds, although detached plants can drift. Along the tropical western coast of Africa, this species occurs in distant discontinuous habitats, raising the question of how interpopulation dispersal is mediated. The species is a key source of ecosystem functions including feeding large migratory grazers. This study aims to infer whether genetic differentiation of the seagrass H. wrightii along the western coast of Africa supports a hypothesis of predominant transportation of rafting seagrass by ocean currents, versus the hypothesis of biotic vectors of dispersal. Additional hypotheses were addressed concerning range-wide clonality and genetic diversity, assessed with microsatellite markers on populations of the west coast of Africa from Mauritania to Angola. Population genetic diversity and structure were compared with predictions from biophysical models of dispersal by oceanographic currents. The genetic data revealed low divergence among most populations, in strong contrast with predictions of very low probability of connectivity mediated by currents along the western African coastline. Moderate to high genotypic diversity showed important seed recruitment, but genetic and genotypic diversities were lower at range edges. Populations north and south of the equator were differentiated, and remarkably, so were neighboring equatorial populations despite their proximity. These results reveal independent sources of colonization of meadows in these islands, which are major habitat for migratory grazing green turtles, also supporting the hypothesis of biotically mediated seed transport. The importance of seagrass for conservation of endangered macrofauna has been widely reported; here we report evidence supporting the reciprocal role, that macrofauna protection can also plays a role in long-term survival and reproductive success of seagrass.

ABSTRACT: Treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) induces ovulation and increases conception rates in cows, while improving embryo production in buffalos. However, its effect on superovulated cows is unknown. This study verified whether single PGF administration concurrent with artificial insemination (AI) improves fertilization and embryo production rates in superovulated cows. In each replicate, embryo donor cows were equally allocated to two groups: the untreated control and PGF groups. The latter of which received 482 µg of cloprostenol concurrent with the first AI. Each cow (n = 35) was subjected to two superovulations (SOV) in a crossover design (total = 70 embryo collections). In the control and PGF groups, respectively, the observed responses were [median (95% CI)]: 12 (10-18) and 15 (12-18) total structures, 9 (7-11) and 7 (6-10) viable embryos, 1 (0-1) and 1 (1-3) degenerated embryos, and 1 (0-3) and 2 (0-5) oocytes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, single PGF treatment concurrent with the first AI did not affect embryo production in superovulated cows.

A utilização de água da qualidade marginal pode ser uma alternativa viável em regiões com escassez hídrica, quando associada a estratégias de manejo de irrigação adequadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas da minimelancia ‘Sugar Baby’ em função dos manejos de irrigação e da salinidade da solução nutritiva (CEsol). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, no município de Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas sob dois tipos de manejo de irrigação (gotejamento convencional - GC e por pulsos – GP) e quatro níveis salinos da solução nutritiva de fertirrigação (2,5 - controle; 4,5; 5,5; 6,5 dS m-1). Aos 65 dias após semeadura, foram avaliadas as variáveis: teores de clorofilas a e b, fluorescência da clorofila a e teores de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Os tratamentos não influenciaram os teores de clorofila a e b. A salinidade diminuiu o rendimento quântico da conversão de energia fotoquímica com aumento na dissipação de energia não regulada, sendo que ambos são vias competitivas de energia entre si. O tipo de manejo e a salinidade não afetaram os teores de carboidratos nas folhas de minimelancia. Entretanto, as proteínas solúveis foram maiores no GC que no GP e diminuíram com o incremento da salinidade em ambos os manejos. A salinidade aumentou os aminoácidos livres no GC, mas não alterou o conteúdo destes solutos no GP. Os teores de prolina livre só foram influenciados pelo tipo de manejo, sendo maiores no GC que no GP. Os íons sódio e cloreto e a razão sódio/potássio aumentaram com a CEsol, sendo esses aumentos mais pronunciados no GP. A salinidade aumentou os teores de potássio no GP e diminuiu no GC. O GC levou a uma menor absorção de íons tóxicos, atenuando os efeitos da salinidade sobre a minimelancia.

O estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho do método do tanque classe “A” (TCA) e Hargreaves-Samani (HS), comparados ao método de Penman-Monteith (PM), para determinação da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), em Januária, MG. Foram utilizados os dados climáticos do período 01 de janeiro de 2014 a 31 de dezembro de 2016, pertencente ao banco de dados da estação meteorológica do INMET. Foram realizadas análises de correlação, de regressão linear e determinação dos índices de concordância de Willmott e de desempenho. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o método do TCA superestima a ETo na região de Januária-MG, mas teve desempenho bom quando ajustado ao método de PM. Quanto ao método de HS, os resultados obtidos mostram que este superestimou a ETo na maioria dos meses, mas apresentou coeficiente de correlação alto e desempenho satisfatório, sendo assim, ambos os métodos podem ser utilizados para estimar a ETo na região de Januária MG, quando não se dispuser de todos os dados necessários para determinação através do método de PM.

O plantio direto abrange grandes áreas cultivadas no Brasil, sendo considerado adequado para a sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas brasileiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e de rotação de culturas sobre os atributos físicos e químicos do solo, como também sobre a produtividade da soja. O experimento foi conduzido por quatro anos (2014-2017) na área experimental do Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA) / Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Vacaria, RS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em: plantio direto com sucessão de culturas (PDs), plantio direto com rotação de culturas (PDr), escarificado com rotação de culturas (Er) e preparo convencional com rotação de culturas (PCr). Foram avaliadas características químicas (MO, P, K e pH) e físicas (densidade, macroporosidade e microporosidade) do solo e a produtividade da cultura da soja. Após quatro anos de condução do experimento, os atributos químicos do solo não sofreram modificações pelos manejos adotados, porém houve um aumento dos teores de matéria orgânica em todos os tratamentos avaliados. Para as variáveis físicas macro e microporosidade do solo não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, mas a densidade do solo mostrou-se sensível para a mudança no preparo do solo. A produtividade não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos. Os resultados preliminares mostram que a curto prazo não há necessidade de manejar o solo a cada três anos em áreas que utilizam a técnica do plantio direto.

Buscou-se avaliar o desempenho fenológico de plantas de cobertura de solo utilizadas no verão e a produção de fitomassa nas condições edafoclimáticas da região de Vacaria, RS. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental da Fepagro Nordeste, em Vacaria, RS, na safra agrícola 2014/2015, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e 15 tratamentos: 1) calopogônio; 2) Crotalária breviflora; 3) Crotalária juncea; 4) Crotalária ochroleuca; 5) Crotalária spectabilis; 6) feijão de porco; 7) feijão guandu; 8) feijão guandu (anão); 9) lab lab; 10) milheto; 11) mucuna anã; 12) mucuna cinza; 13) mucuna preta; 14) soja perene e 15) testemunha (solo em pousio). Foram avaliados parâmetros fenológicos: data de emergência e altura das plantas. Avaliação da produtividade: massa verde e massa seca. Análise estatística teste Tukey 5%. As espécies Crotalária juncea, feijão de porco, lab lab, milheto foram as que tiveram rápido crescimento inicial. As espécies feijão guandu e o milheto apresentaram maior altura média. A espécie milheto foi a que produziu mais massa verde. A produção de massa seca foi maior na espécie feijão guandu. Considerando as produções de massa verde e seca destacam-se como as mais produtivas as espécies milheto, seguido pelo feijão guandu e a lab lab.

O panorama de arquivamento digital da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil é um eixo argumentativo que possibilita a reflexão sobre temas como: as possibilidades de escrita da história da Covid-19 em escala global; a infraestrutura de arquivos digitais; a construção coletiva de acervos por uma rede de projetos paralelos no país; as características da produção social e do teor documental dos registros preservados nessas iniciativas. O cenário pandêmico catalisa e desnuda problemas concernentes à memória, aos arquivos e à história que não são novos, mas se veem diante de uma ocasião profícua para avanços teóricos e práticos relevantes — que vão do aprimoramento infraestrutural à revisão das balizas epistemológicas para a construção da memória e da história em escala global.

Este artigo tem como objetivo denunciar o processo de subalternação e (re)colonização comercial em cenários indígenas no Brasil, instaurado com a prática da biopirataria, que transforma a biodiversidade em produtos patenteados por instituições financeiras sem a repartição justa das vantagens por elas obtidas. Trazemos, por meio de relatos-denúncias e de revisão da literatura, as influências de práticas colonialistas que agridem os conhecimentos indígenas, suas práticas comerciais tradicionais, as fronteiras culturais, a biodiversidade e a biotecnologia, sendo ocasionadas por segmentos da sociedade nacional que detêm poder econômico, de modo articulado com as explorações ocorridas na Amazônia e em outros cenários brasileiros. Apresentamos ainda alguns impactos da Constituição de 1988, no que tange à prática da biopirataria, que evidenciam o desrespeito a normativas de Direitos Humanos por violentarem saberes e viveres dos povos indígenas.

This study aimed to evaluate the role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on ovulation. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly allocated to two treatments to receive 150 μg of d-Cloprostenol (PGF Group, n = 12) or 2 mL of NaCl 0.9% (Control Group, n = 11) and CIDRs, were removed 4 days later. No cow ovulated in Control and PGF groups. In Experiment 2, cows were randomly separated into two experimental groups to receive 4 injections of 150 μg of d-Cloprostenol (n = 9) or 2 mL of NaCL 0.9% (n = 9). In this experiment, ovulation was not observed in any cows. In Experiment 3, ovariectomized cows receive three injections of 300μg of PGF analog (PGF Group, n = 5), 100μg of Lecirelin (GnRH Group, n = 5) or 2 mL of PBS (Control Group, n = 4). The LH concentration was higher (P 11.5 mm) were treated with Saline (Control Group, n = 6); Lecirelin (GnRH Group, n = 7) or Cloprostenol Sodium (PGF Group, n = 6). There was a significant increase in the vascular area of follicles from 0 to 24 h in GnRH and PGF treatments. In conclusion, PGF was not able to induce ovulation in cows with high or low plasma progesterone concentration. Additionally, PGF alone was not able to induce LH release and follicle luteinization, but increased follicular vascularization.

We describe a new species of the Dendropsophus decipiens Group, morphologically most resembling D. haddadi but genetically more closely related to D. oliveirai and likely endemic from the Atlantic Forest biome, northeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all species of the D. decipiens Group based on the combination of morphological features, advertisement call and phylogenetic position based on mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. The new species emits simple calls in series of 3-9 notes, each with 9-29 pulses, and dominant frequency varying from 5578-6422 Hz, and exhibit a minimum of 8% genetic distance (16S mitochondrial gene) in comparison to its congeners. The new taxa represent the sixth species of the D. decipiens Group, which likely harbors more undescribed taxa, corroborating the view that Neotropical species richness is fairly underestimated.

Apresentação da seção de capa A urgência do Indizível: as contribuições de Primo Levi

Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa na qual investigou-se de que forma a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (PBL) pode ser utilizada para explorar conceitos pertinentes à futura atuação profissional dos alunos. Como procedimento metodológico desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, coletando os dados por meio da observação semiestruturada dos encontros tutoreados e análise interpretativa de algumas avaliações. Mediante a um estudo de caso, averiguou-se possíveis vantagens e desvantagens da metodologia com educandos do 1º ano de um curso Técnico em Eletrônica Integrado ao Ensino Médio. Como principais resultados teve-se a possibilidade de abordar diversos conceitos das áreas de Física, Química, Segurança no Trabalho e Matemática, além do trabalho em grupos. Como desvantagens, obteve-se a sensação de não solução do problema por alguns alunos. Concluiu-se que os papéis desempenhados pelos tutores determinaram o desencadeamento de vantagens e desvantagens da PBL em relação as aprendizagens dos alunos, além disso, a quebra de contrato didático não pode ser considerada uma desvantagem, pois pode ser utilizada para promover novas reflexões e atitudes nos envolvidos.

Salinity is still one of the main factors that limit the growth and production of crops. However, currently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) priming has become a promising technique to alleviate the deleterious effects caused by salt. Therefore, this study aimed to test different leaf spraying strategies with H2O2 for acclimation of sunflower plants to salt stress, identifying the main physiological and biochemical changes involved in this process. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Initially, four concentrations of H2O2 were tested (0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mM) associated with different applications: 1AP - one application (48 h before exposure to NaCl); 2AP - two applications (1AP + one application 7 days after exposure to NaCl) and 3AP - three applications (2AP + one application 14 days after exposure to NaCl), besides this two reference treatments were also added: control (absence of NaCl and absence of H2O2) and salt control (presence of 100 mM of NaCl and absence of H2O2). The experiment was conducted in hydroponic system containing Furlani's nutrient solution. Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants, however, the H2O2 priming through leaf spraying was able to reduce the deleterious effects caused by salt, especially in the 1 mM H2O2 treatment with one application. H2O2 acts as a metabolic signal assisting in the maintenance of ionic and redox homeostasis, and consequently increasing the tolerance of plants to salt stress.

The objective of this study was to understand the contribution of postgraduate training to the development of research skills, aiming at their application in clinical practice. Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with eight nurses in the Local Health Unit of Baixo Alentejo, in Portugal, who had postgraduate training. The researchers conducted a group interview, or discussion group, using a semi-structured interview, which was assessed by two reviewers. The data were submitted to content analysis, and the results underwent a validation process with the participants and two reviewers. This study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. Result: In terms of the research skills developed in nursing postgraduate education, the following indicators emerged from the participants’ discourse: understanding the research process, searching databases, developing literature reviews, assessing the quality of articles, developing research projects, communicating about science, and translating knowledge into clinical practice. Conclusion: The participants developed research skills in their nursing postgraduate training and reported developing these skills in their clinical practice.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tolerance to cadmium (Cd) of sunflower genotypes grown in greenhouse conditions, and the effectiveness of using photosynthetic parameters as physiological indicators of this tolerance. Seeds of two sunflower genotypes previously identified as tolerant (H358) and Cd-sensitive (AG960) to Cd were used. The seeds were germinated in plastic cups containing plant substrate; after 9 days, the seedlings were transplanted to plastic basins containing a nutrient solution with 0 or 10 µM of Cd, where they remained for 16 days. Samples of the plants were harvested every 5 days. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design, using a 4×2×2 factorial arrangement (4 days of grown in a nutrient solution with Cd, 2 sunflower genotypes, and 2 Cd levels) with four replications. Cd stress decreased CO2 net assimilation, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, photosynthetic pigment contents, potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and effective quantum yield of plants of the two evaluated genotypes. The decrease in photosynthetic rates of these plants was caused by both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Plants of the AG960 genotype showed more pronounced deleterious effects due to Cd stress than those of the H358 genotype. Thus, CO2 net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and chloroplast pigment content are good physiological indicators of sunflower tolerance to Cd and can at least in part, explain the greater tolerance of the H358 genotype to Cd stress when compared to the AG960 genotype.

The integration of teaching, research and extension is an efficient didactic model in the agrarian sciences. Final students of the Technical Course on Fishery Resources followed the traditional process of fish meal production in the rural community Nossa Senhora do Desterro (Parintins, Amazonas) and, after observing the inherent flaws in the process, the students gave a workshop on good practices in handling of food, optimizing the traditional production process and increasing technical knowledge about fish by products, hygiene and food handling. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the extension activity, we used teaching evaluation tools (conceptual map and questionnaires using the Likert scale model). The results indicate that the exchange and interaction of technical and cultural knowledge contribute to the consolidation of the student's cognitive structure, due to the significance of the acquired knowledge and the consolidation of prior knowledge about the subject.

This research aims to investigate the perception about environment and practices of ecological economics in Quilombola Community Barra da Aroeira, located in the city of Santa Teresa do Tocantins, state of Tocantins, Brazil. For that, it has been used phenomenological approach, with the purpose to understand the potential contributions to sustainable practices in its different interfaces, from the experience of the local inhabitants. Specifically, it has been addressed issues related to the nature, production and way of life in the Community, with the intention to know it better and to identify effective actions, techniques and principles with the potential to promote local development replicable in other contexts, especially in the state of Tocantins.

Background/aim Football players frequently face the occurrence of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of the study was to verify whether the evaluation of combined risk factors could produce a score system to determine the probability of injury in football players during the Brazilian football season.Methods Sixty-two male professional soccer players recruited from the first and second division soccer teams, with ages between 18 and 36 years. Functional performance evaluations were carried out at the beginning of the preseason which included strength and jumping tests, history of injuries and characteristics of athletes.Results and conclusions The results were grouped and a score/monogram was constructed.

Objetivos: Relatar a experiência de docentes e discentes de cursos da área da saúde durante as atividades da disciplina optativa “A saúde nos quilombos”. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, a partir da vivência dos docentes da disciplina, durante a realização das atividades de ensino e extensão realizadas em uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo (CRQ) do estado do Tocantins. Resultados: Foram levantadas quatro dimensões: o desconhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre as condições de vida e saúde das populações remanescentes de quilombos; a escassez de material de estudo sobre o tema; as questões étnico-raciais como determinantes de saúde e o interesse dos acadêmicos em construir práticas na comunidade. Conclusão: Este relato demonstra a importância da inserção de conteúdos e atividades de extensão voltadas à saúde de CRQs, para docentes e discentes da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT).

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade e a diversidade da fauna epigeica e edáfica de invertebrados em cultivos de mandioca consorciada com adubos verdes. O estudo foi realizado em cultivos de mandioca (M) em consórcios com feijão-de-porco (FP), milheto (MI) e guandu-anão (G), em comparação ao cultivo de mandioca tradicional (ST), sem a presença de adubos verdes. Os invertebrados epigeicos foram coletados com armadilhas de queda (pitfall) e os edáficos foram coletados de monólitos de solo. Entre os invertebrados epigeicos, os grupos Collembola, Diptera e Formicidae predominaram em todos os consórcios, tendo sido mais de 80% da frequência relativa total (FR), enquanto entre os edáficos predominou o grupo Isoptera em todos os consórcios, com maior FR no M+G (90,2%), seguida por M+FP (83,1%) e M+MI (65,6%), e a menor FR ocorreu no ST (32%). O número de indivíduos epigeicos não variou entre os consórcios, mas o número de grupos de organismos variou significativamente. O sistema de consórcio M+MI apresentou a maior riqueza de grupos. A densidade total da fauna edáfica diferiu entre os consórcios e foi superior no M+G, em comparação ao ST. Os invertebrados epigeicos e edáficos respondem com o aumento de diversidade às alterações proporcionadas pelos consórcios com a mandioca.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta que visa promover a formação ética, técnica e política dos acadêmico-multiplicadores participantes, fato de fundamental importância no processo de educação em saúde, instrumentalizando a problemática e o mecanismo reflexão sobre a realidade de trabalho médico no interior do país. Essa proposta ainda acrescenta a concepção de um processo de formação acadêmica ao mesmo tempo inovadora e inclusiva, que permitirá a visualização dos programas políticos em curso, e também a auto-identificação e o reconhecimento dos acadêmicos de medicina, como protagonistas do processo, desafiando as abordagens tradicionalmente utilizadas nos cursos de Medicina e da Sistematização das Políticas de Saúde; justificando-se plenamente.

O objetivo deste estudo é a identificação, modelagem e análise das principais relações entre as variáveis que exercem influencia na segurança de processos das atividades de exploração e produção de Petróleo, sendo utilizado como referência o acidente da Deepwater Horizon, ocorrido em 20 de abril de 2010 no golfo do México. Como exploração e produção de petróleo fazem parte de um sistema sócio-técnico complexo, foi utilizada neste estudo a metodologia STAMP (LEVESON, 2004), baseada na teoria de sistemas, fundamentada no pensamento sistêmico, e na engenharia de resiliência.O acidente da Deepwater Horizon, ocorrido em 20 de abril de 2010 foi escolhido como estudo de caso devido a sua importância para a indústria, sendo reconhecido por alguns autores como o maior acidente da história do Petróleo. A metodologia STAMP, adotada nesta pesquisa, baseia-se na teoria de sistemas e os três pilares do método são: restrições de segurança, estrutura hierárquica de controle e modelo de processo. Os resultados demonstram, através de modelagem da aplicação da teoria de sistemas, as inter-relações e possíveis descontroles entre as principais variáveis que podem influenciar a segurança de processo das atividades de exploração e produção, tomando como referência as publicações técnicas e os relatórios dos órgãos regulamentadores referentes ao acidente da Deepwater Horizon. O estudo não buscou identificar falhas humanas ou tecnológicas específicas, pois uma abordagem baseada unicamente nas falhas poderia ser reducionista, ignorando todas as condições que permitiriam o processo funcionar sem falhas apesar das variabilidades normais dos processos de exploração e produção de petróleo.

Resumo: Muitos municípios do Oeste Catarinense possuem programas de inseminação artificial com o intuito de melhorar seus rebanhos leiteiros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os critérios estabelecidos pelos órgãos públicos para aquisição de sêmen de bovinos leiteiros. Analisaram-se 23 editais de compra de sêmen de municípios das microrregiões de Chapecó, Concórdia e Xanxerê, entre outros do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Encontraram-se critérios como confiabilidade, PTA para produção de leite, gordura, proteína, contagem de células somáticas, características morfológicas (tipo, composto de úbere, composto de pernas e pés, entre outras), controle de genealogia. Concluiu-se que alguns critérios poderiam ser mais bem direcionados a fim de promover o melhoramento genético.

O artigo analisa algumas manifestações sociais que surgiram pelo mundo a partir de 2008, em especial no Egito, na Espanha, nos EUA, no Chile e no Brasil. O nosso interesse está no impacto, nessas manifestações, do uso das redes sociais, já razoavelmente inseridas num contexto de intensa mediação na comunicação entre manifestantes e na opinião pública em geral. Analisamos dois aspectos: o impacto na organização desses movimentos e o uso cada vez mais central das imagens como forma de comunicação. Com a preocupação de identificar pontos de novidade mais do que analisá-los profundamente, indicamos que há interessantes possibilidades de luta contra-hegemônica a partir do uso extensivo e intensivo das mídias sociais, o que se dá pela busca da democracia radical e pelo uso crítico da imagem.

Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo, popularmente conhecida como ipê-roxo ou ipê-roxo-desete-folhas, é uma Bignoniaceae nativa da Mata Atlântica, de importância econômica, medicinal e ornamental, além de ser indicada para reflorestamentos. Entretanto, informações ecofisiológicas sobre essa espécie ainda são escassas. Assim, visando dispor de informações que auxiliem na sua propagação e conservação, este trabalho avaliou a emergência e crescimento inicial dessa espécie em regimes contrastantes de luz. Foram realizados dois experimentos independentes. O primeiro em condições controladas, com os tratamentos 70% de sombreamento e a pleno sol; e o segundo em ambiente natural, com os tratamentos clareira e sub-bosque. Entre os parâmetros utilizados para avaliar a emergência sob influência das intensidades luminosas, apenas a porcentagem de emergência diferiu estatisticamente no ambiente natural, sendo superior na clareira. Em condições controladas, houve significância para a velocidade de emergência, sendo maior nas plantas submetidas ao a pleno sol. A espécie apresentou reduzido crescimento inicial no sub-bosque, sendo todos os parâmetros estatisticamente inferiores em relação às plantas da clareira, com exceção da razão de área foliar e área foliar específica. Em condições controladas, os resultados que diferiram significativamente foram todos superiores nas plantas a pleno sol. O estudo evidenciou que a espécie apresenta capacidade de formar plântulas em diferentes regimes de luz, inclusive sob forte sombreamento natural, porém essa condição reduz significativamente seu crescimento inicial, sendo este favorecido por maiores intensidades luminosas.

OBJETIVO: Como a síndrome da dor patelofemoral (SDPF) é uma desordem comum, caracterizada por etiologia multifatorial e o mais prevalente sintoma na SDPF é uma dor difusa e usualmente localizada na região retropatelar, entretanto, com sinais e sintomas que podem estar relacionados como pronação subtalar excessiva, torsão tibial externa, alterações no deslocamento patelar, amplitude de movimento do joelho dolorosa, dor nas bordas patelares, tensão muscular e alterações no ângulo quadricipital (ângulo Q), o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a frequência destes sinais e sintomas associados a um questionário de dor anterior no joelho. MÉTODOS: Trinta e nove voluntárias sedentárias foram avaliadas, divididas em dois grupos, SDPF (19) e controle (20). Estas voluntárias foram avaliadas quanto aos sinais e sintomas supracitados além da avaliação da dor por meio de questionário. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram uma frequência elevada de relatos dolorosos em seis de treze questões, em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com estes achados, concluímos que a avaliação funcional de indivíduos com SDFP deve ser constituída de um questionário de dor anterior no joelho e uma avaliação das características de sinais e sintomas para exame de todo o membro inferior estático e durante situações funcionais. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Diagnósticos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of progestagen intravaginal devices (IVDs) in preventing parturition in sows by determining the effect of delaying parturition on the alive/total born piglets ratio. Evaluations of IVDs containing 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5g progesterone (P4) showed they were not effective in delaying parturition at any dosage tested. In a second experiment, seventy-five sows at day 112 of pregnancy were equally distributed (n=15 per group) in the following treatments: prostaglandin (PGF2α; 250µg sodium cloprostenol; control group) or PGF2α and simultaneous insertion of an IVD containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 48h. Control sows initiated labor 27.7±1.6h after PGF2α injection. The mean time (±SEM) between PGF2α administration and parturition was 72.1±8.8h, 72.7±3.8h, 82.7±7.1h and 81.8±3.5h for MPA 100, 200, 400 and 800mg, respectively, differing from control group (P0.05). These findings confirm that IVDs impregnated with MPA can effectively prevent parturition in sows without affecting the alive/total born piglets ratio and therefore represent an alternative to avoid weekend farrowing in swine herds.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no teor de carboidratos em estacas lenhosas de mirtileiro das cultivares Delite, Powder Blue e Seleção 19. O trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, primeiramente foram analisados os teores de amido e de açúcares solúveis a partir de ramos coletados em quatro épocas (03-06, 04-07, 24-07 e 11-08-2008) e, posteriormente, avaliou-se o teor de carboidratos em estacas coletadas nas mesmas épocas citadas, porém submetidas ao enraizamento e avaliadas em diferentes épocas (03-06, 04-07, 04-08, 03-09 e 03-10; 04-07, 04-08, 03-09, 03-10; 24-07, 04-08, 03-09 e 03-10; 11-08, 03-09 e 03-10). Verificou-se que a cultivar Powder Blue tem maior concentração de amido nos ramos que as cultivares Delite e Seleção 19. Estacas lenhosas de mirtileiro com baixos teores de amido, quando submetidas ao enraizamento, apresentam ressíntese de amido. No fim do período de inverno, ocorre aumento na concentração de amido nos ramos lenhosos de mirtileiro. Este aumento ao final do período de inverno está associado à maior taxa de enraizamento.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de microrganismos e a eficiência do tratamento com fungicida carboxina + tiram no controle de fungos associados às sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e a germinação em diferentes tipos de substratos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas sete cultivares, com e sem tratamento com produto comercial Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC na dosagem de 250 ml 100 kg-1 de sementes, também testados dois tipos de substratos (rolo de papel e substrato comercial Plantmax®) e para avaliação da ocorrência dos patógenos nas amostras de sementes, procedeu-se o teste do papel filtro. O substrato Plantmax favoreceu a germinação das semen- tes de mamona; o tratamento com fungicida melhorou a germinação das sementes de menor qualidade; os gêneros Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium foram os patógenos mais frequentes nas sementes deste estudo; e o tratamento com carboxina + tiram reduziu a incidência de fungos nas sementes.