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IntroductionGiven the lack of instruments to evaluate the sense of efficacy regarding entrepreneurial capacity in Peruvian university students, this study aims to translate into Spanish, adapt, and validate the Internet Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale in Peruvian university students with a commercial profile.MethodAn instrumental study was conducted where 743 students between 18 and 42 years old participated in careers with a commercial profile (Administration, Accounting, Economics, and other related careers) from the three regions of Peru (Coast, Mountains, Jungle). For analyzing content-based validity, Aiken’s V coefficient was used, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used for reliability, and internal structure was used through confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsA reverse translation was achieved in the appropriate time and context. All items proved to be valid (V >0.70), and the reliability of the instrument was very good (α = 0.96). Concerning the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the three-dimensional structure of the instrument was evaluated, finding an adequate fit [χ2(87) = 279.6, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.025], based on this, the original internal structure was corroborated. In complementary analyses, it was found that the instrument is invariant according to sex and university. Finally, it demonstrates significant correlations with scales that measure similar constructs.ConclusionThe Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale on the Internet shows adequate psychometric properties; therefore, it can be used as a management tool to analyze the entrepreneurial capacity of university students with a commercial profile. These findings allow universities to evaluate the entrepreneurial capabilities of students who can promote sustainable businesses, which in turn improves the relationship between the University, state, and company.

ObjectiveTo determine whether emotional exhaustion, academic self-efficacy, and academic procrastination predict research motivation in Peruvian university students.MethodsA cross-sectional predictive design was used and 1876 university students (59.9% female and 40.1% male), whose ages varied between 17 and 34 (M = 20.66; SD = 3.55), participated. The research motivation scale (RMS), academic self-efficacy scale (ASS), academic procrastination scale (APS), and the Single Item of Academic Emotional Exhaustion (SIAEE) scale were used to measure the variables.ResultsIt is evident that the proposed model had an acceptable fit χ2(2) = 0.5, p = 0.784, comparative fit index = 1.000, root mean square error of approximation = 0.000, standardized residual root mean square = 0.003, showing that academic self-efficacy (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and academic procrastination (β = −0.26, p < 0.001) significantly predict research motivation, unlike emotional exhaustion, which does not predict research motivation (β = 0.03, p = 0.232).ConclusionAcademic self-efficacy and academic procrastination predict research motivation while emotional exhaustion does not, as reflected in the results.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed various sectors, including higher education, exposing structural weaknesses and fostering the adoption of innovative teaching methods. This situation has created the need to understand how these changes have affected the academic satisfaction, academic engagement, and mental well-being of university students during the return to in-person education at universities.MethodsIn this explanatory study, 1,321 Peruvian university students (52.1% women) aged between 18 and 35 years old (M = 20.16, SD = 3.04) participated. Participants were selected through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, recruited from the 3 regions of Peru (88.7% from the highlands, 76.2% from private universities), from faculties such as business sciences, humanities and education, engineering, and health sciences. Data were collected using the Emotional Exhaustion Scale (EES), the Brief Scale of Satisfaction with Studies (BSSS), and the Academic Engagement Scale (UWES S9).ResultsThe model relating the study variables showed an adequate fit: χ2(4) = 31.5, p

ObjectiveTo determine whether self-esteem and family satisfaction predict life satisfaction in university students from the Peruvian highlands.MethodsA cross-sectional, predictive design study with the participation of 848 Peruvian university students of both sexes (31.7% male and 68.3% female) whose ages ranged from 17 to 41 years old (M = 20.31 and SD = 3.66). The instruments used were Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSE; 2000), Olson’s family satisfaction scale (FSS; 2006) and Diener’s life satisfaction scale (SWLS; 1985).ResultsShow that the proposed model had a fit of χ2 (269) = 1709.6, p

ABSTRACTDark Triad is a term used to describe a group of three aversive personality traits – Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. This study evaluates the utility of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen for Peruvian adolescents through the evaluation of its psychometric properties; specifically, its factorial structure, measurement invariance according to gender and age group, and reliability. A total of 440 adolescents participated in the study (female: 48.2%; male: 51.8%); their ages ranged from 12 to 17 (Mage = 14; SDage = 1.38). The results showed a three-factor structure invariant by gender and age group and adequate internal consistency, although it was necessary to eliminate item 8. The findings suggest that the 11-item version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen is a measure with adequate psychometric properties, reliable and useful for the study of Peruvian adolescents. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are then discussed.

IntroductionConcern about contracting COVID-19 has had repercussions on university students. The aim of this study was to determine its effect on depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with studies.MethodsUsing an explanatory cross-sectional design, 1,260 medical, nursing, and dentistry students from both public and private universities in Peru participated in this study. They were assessed using a scale for concern about contracting COVID-19, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), and a brief scale for satisfaction with their studies.ResultsAfter analyzing the data using structural equation modeling, it was found that the explanatory model had an adequate fit. It showed that concern about COVID-19 had a direct and significant effect on anxiety (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). However, the same effect was not evident on satisfaction with studies (β = −0.06, p = 0.068).DiscussionThe uncertainty about contracting COVID-19 triggered symptoms of anxiety and depression among Peruvian university students. Still, it did not affect the satisfaction students felt when their academic expectations were met.

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of emotional exhaustion on satisfaction with studies and academic procrastination among Peruvian university students.MethodsAn explanatory study was conducted with 1,011 Peruvian university students (60.2% women and 39.8% men). The Brief Satisfaction with Studies Scale (EBSE), Emotional Exhaustion Scale (ECE), and the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA) were used to measure the variables.ResultsThe results revealed that the explanatory model had an acceptable fit, χ2(1) = 7.7, p = 0.006, CFI = 0.982, RMSEA = 0.081, SRMR = 0.021. These findings provide evidence that emotional exhaustion negatively affects satisfaction with studies (β = −0.30, p

IntroductionTeacher self-efficacy is understood as the set of beliefs regarding teachers’ ability to exercise their role and have a positive effect on the learning of their students. Although this concept has been widely discussed in scientific literature; however, evaluating new instruments for its measurement is still necessary. This study develops and analyzes evidence of validity, factorial invariance, and reliability of a one-dimensional scale of self-efficacy for teaching among Peruvian university professors, comprised by 10 items.MethodsA total of 529 university professors (men: 67.9%) participated, aged between 30 and 60 years. The Workload Scale and The Social Support at Work Scale were used for to evaluate convergent validity.ResultsThe results revealed a satisfactory one-dimensional structure, invariant according to sex and age, and adequate internal consistency. Finally, expected associations were found with measures of workload and social support at work.DiscussionIn conclusion, the scale developed is a valid and reliable unidimensional measure to evaluate the level of perceived self-efficacy specific to teaching in Peruvian university professors.

IntroductionStrengthening the self-confidence of future professionals can help them achieve professional goals with a likelihood of being able to achieve them in the future. The objective was to determine whether self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction influence the future expectations of Peruvian university students.MethodsA total of 708 university students participated (64.8% were female, mean age = 21.49; SD = 4.83). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were used. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the impact of selfesteem, depression, and life satisfaction on future expectations.ResultsThe model relating the study variables demonstrated an adequate fit (p

BackgroundThe long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overstated. To combat its dire consequences, some screening measures have been hastily developed and require robust verification to explore their adequacy across different groups. The present research study aimed to analyze measurement invariance by sociodemographic characteristics of the Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behavior Scale (CRSB) in Peruvian adults.MethodsA total of 661 participants completed The Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behavior Scale (CRSB), the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and sociodemographic information a subgroup filled in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Reliability and measurement invariance across sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. Likewise, associations with depression and dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety were examined.ResultsResults showed that the single factor structure of the CRSB with correlated errors fitted the data adequately and the instrument was invariant across gender, age, and loss of a significant relative to COVID-19. In addition, significant associations with depressive symptoms and dysfunctional anxiety were found.ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggest that the Coronavirus Reassurance Seeking Behaviors Scale is invariant across different sociodemographic characteristics.

Crises negatively affect the economy of a country, increasing financial risk, as they affect work activities and the well-being of the population. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of financial well-being in the relationship between personal well-being and financial threats. A predictive cross-sectional study was conducted. The variables analyzed were personal well-being, financial threats, and financial well-being. A total of 416 Peruvian adults from the three regions of Peru participated. The mean age was M = 35.36, SD = 8.84, with a range of 19–62 years. To represent the statistical mediation model, a structural equation model (SEM) was used. The analysis showed that the variables were significantly related (p

Background: The Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model is used to examine predictors of well-being, work engagement, and individual or organizational outcomes. According to the model, work engagement and communication skills play a mediating role between work-family conflict and resilience to job satisfaction in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted considering 431 Peruvian nurses of mean age ( M = 40.31 years; SD = 10.94) ranging from 22 to 68 years working in public hospitals in the Lima region. Data were collected using a self-reported form of the Job Satisfaction Scale, communication skills, work engagement, work-family conflict, and resilience. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: A theoretical model with adequate fit was obtained [χ 2 (2) = 6.0, P

Abstract Background To assess the validity and reliability of the set of scales (general professional activity, health services management, and working conditions) on the different areas of job satisfaction in Peruvian physicians based on the data from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health (ENSUSALUD). Method We carried out a psychometric study based on the secondary data analysis of Questionnaire 2 of ENSUSALUD-2016. Participants were selected from a two-stage stratified national probability representative sampling by political region. Validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and measurement invariance analysis. We assessed the reliability using internal consistency coefficients (alpha and omega). The set of scales were composed of items related to three different areas of job satisfaction: 1) satisfaction with general professional activity, 2) satisfaction with the health services management, and 3) satisfaction with the working conditions of the health center. Results We included 2137 participants in the analysis. The general professional activity scale with six items (Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.946; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.071; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR = 0.035), the health services management scale with eight items (CFI) = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.081; SRMR = 0.028), showed good measurement properties for the one-dimensional model. The working conditions scale with eight items for individual conditions and three items for infrastructural conditions (CFI = 0.914; RMSEA = 0.080; SRMR = 0.055) presented adequate measurement properties with a two-dimensional model. The invariance analysis showed that comparisons between sex, age, civil status, medical speciality, working in other institutions, work-related illness, chronic disease, and time working in the healthcare center. All scales had adequate internal consistency (ω and α between 0.70 and 0.90). Conclusions The set of scales has a solid factorial structure and measurement invariance, making it possible for group comparison. The study achieved stability in the scores as they showed adequate internal consistency coefficients. Based on our findings, these instruments are suitable for measuring job satisfaction among outpatient physicians throughout Peru, as our data is representative of the country level.

Due to the emotional impact of COVID-19 on university students, the goal was to explore the relationship between anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among pre-professional interns. The research was carried out using an explanatory cross-sectional design, with the participation of 1011 pre-professional interns of 13 health networks from the department of Puno (Peru). Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, Patient Health Questionnaire 2, and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The main data analysis was carried out using the R statistical software, and implementing the confirmatory factor analysis technique, which evidenced that the explanatory model provides an acceptable value. Based on the above, a negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, (β = −.60, p < .001) and a positive relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction (β = .28, p < .001) was shown, in addition to a mediating effect of the psychological wellbeing related to depression and life satisfaction (p < .001). In conclusion, life satisfaction is explained concerning the degree of depression and anxiety, as well as the moderating effect of psychological well-being. Despite that, there is an urgent need to take preventive actions to strengthen the mental health of the pre-professional health interns, who have also been providing support during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome (BS) and depressive symptoms (DS) based on the job demand–control framework model on a nationally representative sample of physicians working in the Peruvian Health System.Setting We carried out a secondary data analysis of the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health 2016 in Peru.Primary and secondary outcome measures Our study assessed the development of the predictive model and had two parts: (1) to evaluate the association among the variables based on the job demand–control framework, and (2) to assess the proposed model acceptability using the structural equation modelling approach to estimate goodness-of-fit indices (GOFIs).Participants We excluded physicians older than 65 years, who did not report income levels or who had missing data related to the workplace. Thus, we analysed 2100 participants.Results The prevalence of DS was 3.3%. Physicians’ work-related illnesses had more probability to result in DS (prevalence ratio=2.23). DS was moderately related to BS dimensions (r>0.50); nevertheless, the relationships between DS and the three job satisfaction scales were weak (r

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of family and academic satisfaction on the self-esteem and life satisfaction among Peruvian university students.MethodOf the 1,182 Peruvian university students who participated, 364 were male; and 818 were female; and ranged from 17 to 39 years of age (mean = 20.67, SD = 4.4). The family satisfaction scale (FSS), the Escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios (EBSE; Brief Academic Satisfaction Scale in Spanish), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES), and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to perform the assessments.ResultsThe study model showed an adequate fit (χ2 19.5, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.057), confirming the association between family satisfaction and life satisfaction (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), and the correlation between academic satisfaction and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). The model accounted for 42% of life satisfaction.ConclusionFamily satisfaction and academic satisfaction affect self-esteem and life satisfaction.

Introducción: la ansiedad es una enfermedad que genera inquietud y preocupación excesiva ante algo amenazante, esta condición origina un trastorno a quien lo padece. Un postulado teórico es la teoría de la ansiedad de Beck (Beck et al., 1999). En Perú hay diversas cifras de grupos de poblaciones que padecen esta enfermedad, pero no hay estudios de cuestionarios adaptados que midan la ansiedad siendo poco fiables en un contexto nacional. Frente a ello, este inventario es una buena opción que se ajusta a necesidades para medir la sintomatología de esta afectación. Objetivo: adaptar el Inventario de ansiedad de Beck en jóvenes peruanos. Método: tipo psicométrico y diseño instrumental. Resultados: en la validez basada en la estructura interna del instrumento, en el AFC (χ2/gl = 3.82; CFI = .98; SRMR = .03; RMSEA = .07); en cuanto a la validez basada en la relación con otras variables (r = .84; p < .001; r2 = .70), y en la confiabilidad de la escala (α = .95) lo que significa que la prueba presenta buen nivel de consistencia interna. Conclusiones: la prueba presenta evidencias aceptables de validez y confiabilidad para medir la variable.