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This Article submits a review of the integration of renewable energies in the contemporary distribution of generated energy. A technological supervision is implemented to observe in a systematic manner the behavior of state of the art technologies in renewable energies, in the search of energetic sustainability, making an analysis of the distribution of the most representative Microgrids at world level. it is to be noted, the great inclusion of energy obtained through solar panels, and Eolic generators. However, there is a great participation of generators from diesel vapor, and gas; while in the storage system batteries are predominant, and sometimes, flywheels and supercapacitors surface. These results are possibly due to the promotion and experience of including new techniques and use of energy resource methodologies.Keywords: Renewable Energies, Distributed Generation, Microgrid, Generation Systems, Energetic sustainability.JEL Classifications: Q01, Q4, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9570

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of inventory models in a sustainable supply chain. The methodology contains reviewing previous research with a performance evaluation, network analysis, and science mapping to identify the applications, trends, and future research topics. Scientific mapping examines the periods and volumes of publications, authors, journals, countries, regions, organizations, subject areas, and citation analyses. The dataset was obtained with the Scopus database and analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer. The search equation identified 335 research papers, which resulted in 131 significant manuscripts on the subject after being screened and filtered. The most notable countries in developing research were Iran, India, China, the United States, Canada, Taiwan, France, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and Denmark. Saha, S., Ajay, S.Y., and Baboli, A. were the most cited authors. The journals that publish the most research were Sustainability, the Journal of Cleaner Production, and the International Journal of Production Economics. Some research focuses on reducing carbon emissions and polluting agents applied in different industries in China, Brazil, India, and others. The main findings were the number of industry sectors researching this topic, increasing the number of publications, and promoting the proper use of resources within a sustainable supply chain. There are many investigations of theoretical models that have applications in real-life cases. There is also evidence of the high importance of promoting sustainable development. The emissions regulations in a green supply chain applied to agricultural products have allowed for more actions to achieve responsible production and consumption, as seen in applied research in the pulp and paper industry.

Fluvial flooding occurs when a river overspills its banks due to excessive rainfall, and it is the most common flood event. In urban areas, the increment of urbanization makes communities more susceptible to fluvial flooding since the excess of impervious surfaces reduced the natural permeable areas. As flood prevention strategies, early warning systems (EWS) are used to reduce damage and protect people, but key elements need to be selected. This manuscript proposes the monitoring instruments, communication protocols, and media to forecast and disseminate EWS alerts efficiently during fluvial floods in urban areas. First, we conducted a systematic review of different EWS architectures for fluvial floods in urban areas and identified that not all projects monitor the most important variables related to the formation of fluvial floods and most use communication protocols with high-energy consumption.ZigBee and LoRaWAN are the communication protocols with lower power consumption from the review, and to determine which technology has better performance in urban areas, two wireless sensor networks were deployed and simulated in two urban areas susceptible to fluvial floods using Radio Mobile software. The results showed that although Zigbee technology has better-received signal strength, the difference with LoRAWAN is lower than 2dBm, but LoRaWAN has a better signal-to-noise ratio, power consumption, coverage, and deployment cost.

Currently, people want to take control of what they consume as well as the local authorities pursue to implement measures to improve sustainability, food security, and living standards. Indoor urban farming initiatives provide an opportunity to grow their own and obtain fresher food with fewer transportation emissions, likewise, it is a strategy to lift people out of food poverty, reduce environmental impact since the use of herbicides and pesticides is minimal and helps to reduce food waste. However, factors such as the time dedicated to the cultivation of plants, and the adequate space inside their houses prevents them from carrying out this activity.

This study is aimed to prove how Virtual Environments (VE) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be used as a tool to verify professional competencies. The incursion of virtual environments in education has shown that there is much potential in distance learning development. To find out how it influences the achievement of competencies, there was made an experimental study with a post-test design and control group. Students were divided into two groups; each of them was submitted to a different test. The results demonstrate that with the implementation of VE using ICT, the students who used the VE had a better performance than students who used the traditional evaluations. Confirmed with the 83% of the sample who achieved the highest levels (50% got strategical professional competencies, and 33% got autonomous professional competencies). Considering the study, the authors could notice that students do develop professional competencies along virtual environments, reflected not only in the level of competence achieved by the ones tested on the virtual environment but also in the average time they spend to do the test. Therefore, virtual environments have positives effects in the education field.

Plants microbial fuel cells (PMFC) is novel systemthat generates renewable, clean, and sustainable electricity with minimal environmentalimpact. However, PMFC has limitations in power generation and current density, since its production values is lower than other renewable technologies. Different studies show that the highest limitation for energy generation through MFC is the high resistivity of the cathode, and the solution is to replace the metallic electrodes with non-metallic materials to obtain a better performance, however, the application of these materials requires complex interdisciplinary work. This study conducted three experimental tests using metallic electrodes for the extraction of electrons and combined a black earth substrate with different natural materials, types of plants, and water to determine their influence in the increment of the electric power output.

Museums play an important role in preserving the heritage and cultural legacy of humanity, however, one of their main weaknesses in regards the user is their static nature. At present, and in the face of the development of diverse technologies and the ease of access to information, museums have upgraded their implementation of technologies aimed at improving the user experience, trying more and more to access younger audiences with a sensitivity and natural capacity for the management of new technologies. This work identifies trends in the use of technological tools by museums worldwide and the effect of these on the user or visitor experience through a review of scientific literature. To complete the work, we performed a search of the publications in the Scopus® referencing database, and downloaded, processed, and visualized the data using the VOSviewer® tool. The main trends identified in this context of analysis are related to the role of museums with the development and improvement of the user experience; orientation to young audiences and innovation driven by the user through Interactive Systems, digital games, QR Codes, apps, augmented reality, virtual reality and gamification, among others. The objective of the implementation of new technologies in the context of museums is to satisfy the needs of contemporary communication, for all types of content and aimed at an increasingly digital audience, in order to ensure positive interaction and feedback from ideas with social and cultural changes.

The implementation of 3D virtual reality (VR) environments to represent human culture and heritage has been growing during the last two decades as a result of information and communication technologies (ICT) development. Precisely, regarding virtual heritage development, some weaknesses have been detected such as “lifeless“ environments lacking interaction, and research still under development on learning assessment. In this article, a VR environment is presented, through users taking a virtual tour visiting some elements of cultural heritage of the island of San Andrés, Colombia. In the tour, users participate in a 3D VR environment, answering questions and learning about the cultural heritage of the island. Also, the usability of the VR environment is assessed through SUMI (Software Usability Measurement Inventory) standard ISO9241-11 evaluating aspects such as usefulness and learnability. The results demonstrate that with the implementation of a VR environment about heritage, the users achieved optimum performance with an 80% average of correct answers and a high correlation between learning and the usability of the 3D VR environment.

Modeling is a process by which an experiment (organized way of obtaining data) can be applied to answer questions about a system; taking into account that a system, in summary, is a potential source of data and a simulation is the experimentation of the possible behavior of a system in a model. Both (modeling and simulation) are processes to develop and test theories in many fields of application of engineering. This paper presents a study of trends in modeling and simulation concerning the Bond Graph reference framework, carried out through an analysis based on bibliometric maps. The results show a strong connection between simulation models and the automotive industry in the frame of reference Bond Graph.

espanolEn Barranquilla, Colombia el riesgo de muerte de personas y perdidas materiales asociadas con las inundaciones repentinas en las calles de la ciudad es alta. Por ello, el presente articulo muestra el diseno de una arquitectura de red de sensores inalambricos o WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) para monitorear en tiempo real parametros atmosfericos que influyen en la deteccion del nivel de peligrosidad de inundaciones repentinas o los llamados familiarmente "arroyos", producto de las subitas e intensas lluvias en un breve periodo de tiempo. El diseno de la red se hizo por medio de un estudio de sitio o site survey para obtener los datos y resultados que son usados en el presente trabajo. Se ha desarrollado tambien una aplicacion web movil que utiliza el lenguaje unificado de modelado (UML®) basado en un listado de requerimientos que muestra en tiempo real, sobre un mapa de las calles de la ciudad el nivel de peligrosidad del arroyo en diferentes puntos de su trayectoria. El sistema disenado sera de utilidad para la toma de decisiones preventivas por parte del usuario final y, ademas, esta desarrollado para que sea replicable y escalable en entornos similares. Ademas, en este trabajo se ha probado la plataforma Waspmote y los modulos XBee-PRO ZB (S2) como herramienta tecnologica para la WSN. EnglishIn Barranquilla, Colombia, the risk of deaths and property losses is associated withflashfloods in the streets, which is very high. Therefore, this paper shows the design of a wireless sensor network to monitor realtime hydrological parameters that influence the detecting of dangerousness level of flash floods familiarly known as "arroyos", product of sudden and heavy rains in a short time. The design of the network is made through a site survey to obtain the data and results that are used in this work. It has also developed a mobile web application that uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML ®) based on a list of requirements that displays real-time, on a street map of the city the dangerousness level of the stream at different points along its path. The designed system will be useful for preventive decision making by the end user and it is further developed to be replicable and scalable in similar environments. Furthermore, in this work it was tested the platform Waspmote and the XBee-PRO ZB (S2) Modules as a technological tool for the WSN.

Knowledge is a competitive advantage for companies. Knowledge management helps to keep this competitiveness. Universities face with challenges in research, innovation and international competitiveness. The purpose of this paper includes studying knowledge management models, and innovation models apply to research groups of universities, through an analysis of relation in inter-organizational level. Some researchers and leaders of research groups participated in a survey about knowledge management and innovation. Here we show the relationship between knowledge management, innovation and research, including processes and operations performed by universities around these. We organize the results in three dimensions: knowledge management perception, the relationship between knowledge management and innovation, and strategic knowledge organization. Too, we identify a generality of good practices, challenges, and limitations on research groups for knowledge management. El conocimiento es una ventaja competitiva para las empresas. La gestión del conocimiento ayuda a mantener esta competitividad. Las universidades se enfrentan a retos en investigación, innovación y competitividad internacional. El propósito de este documento incluye el estudio de modelos de gestión del conocimiento, y los modelos de innovación se aplican a grupos de investigación de universidades, a través de un análisis de relación en el nivel interorganizacional. Algunos investigadores y líderes de grupos de investigación participaron en una encuesta sobre gestión del conocimiento e innovación. Aquí mostramos la relación entre la gestión del conocimiento, la innovación y la investigación, incluidos los procesos y las operaciones realizadas por las universidades en torno a estos. Organizamos los resultados en tres dimensiones: la percepción de la gestión del conocimiento, la relación entre la gestión del conocimiento y la innovación, y la organización estratégica del conocimiento. También, identificamos una generalidad de buenas prácticas, desafíos y limitaciones en los grupos de investigación para la gestión del conocimiento.

Globally, the implementation of immersive environments for leaming activities have been in constant growth whch indcates that their development must improve daily. For this reason, this study identifies trends (co-occurrences) and relatiomhps between variables associated with an immersive environment to improve its implementation. Results were found which show that a good design of information guides, organization of menus and useful instructiom generates that the users enjoy using the immersive environment for leaming and foments recommendations of use to other users.

Existen diferentes lenguajes de programación de Controladores Lógicos Programables (PLC), el más común de ellos es el lenguaje de programación gráfico para autómatas programables llamado LADDER. Sin embargo, el lenguaje LADDER no es amigable en programas que requieren de cálculos de ecuaciones matemáticas, por ejemplo, el cálculo del volumen de un tanque en un control de nivel. Lenguajes alternativos como el Lenguaje de Control Estructurado (SCL) son menos estudiados dada su complejidad y poca popularidad en la pequeña y mediana industria. En este artículo se compara los resultados del lenguaje de programación LADDER y el lenguaje SCL generado mediante la herramienta Simulink® PLC Coder de MATLAB® tomando como caso de estudio el cálculo de volumen de un tanque. Finalmente, este trabajo demuestra que la herramienta Simulink® PLC Coder presenta una alternativa de desarrollo más eficiente.

El uso y apropiación de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) ha facilitado el surgimiento de nuevas tendencias de aprendizaje, acompañadas por el desarrollo de un nuevo tipo de laboratorio que utiliza técnicas modernas de ingeniería para lograr la tele-operación de equipos y dispositivos que se encuentran en un sitio remoto desde cualquier lugar con acceso a Internet. Los Laboratorios Remotos (LR) son herramientas tecnológicas compuestas por software y hardware que les permite a los estudiantes de manera remota realizar sus prácticas como si estuvieran en un Laboratorio Tradicional(LT), generalmente el acceso se realiza a través de Internet o mediante una red académica de alta velocidad como RUTA CARIBE-RENATA para el caso de Colombia. Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre la actualidad de los Laboratorios Remotos así como, las características y relaciones entre los elementos que conforman su entorno existente, de la misma manera se muestran las tendencias y trabajos futuros a manera de conclusiones. The use and appropriation of the information and communication technology (ICT) has led to the appearance of new trends in learning, accompanied by the development of a new type of laboratory that uses modern techniques of engineering to tele-operate computers and devices that are in a remote site from anywhere with Internet access. Remote Laboratories (RL) are technological tools composed of software and hardware that allows students to remotely conduct their practice as if in a Traditional Lab (TL), access is usually via the Internet or through a network high-speed academic RUTA CARIBE RENATA for the case of Colombia. This article presents reflections of the currently of Remote Laboratories, characteristics and relationships between the elements that make up your existing environment, the same way shows the trends and future work as conclusions