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Latar Belakang: Penghargaan berupa penghargaan yang diberikan oleh institusi atau fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan kepada perawat atas pekerjaan yang telah dilakukan, baik penghargaan intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh penghargaan terhadap kepuasan kerja pada perawat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dengan meta-analisis. Termasuk dua database PubMed dan Perpustakaan Online Wiley. Artikel penelitian telah melalui tahap penyaringan dan uji kualitas data dan diperoleh 7 artikel untuk dianalisis. Hasil: Kesempatan belajar memiliki kecenderungan berpengaruh besar terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai ES 1,15, promosi memiliki kecenderungan berpengaruh besar terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai ES 0,56, gaji memiliki kecenderungan berpengaruh besar terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai 0,43, penghargaan kompetensi/bonus cenderung berpengaruh besar terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai ES 3,45. Kesimpulan: Reward kompetensi, kesempatan belajar, promosi, dan gaji memiliki I-kuadrat yang besar. Tingkat kepuasan pada artikel yang disintesis menunjukkan persentase yang berbeda. Dari semua artikel yang disintesis, lebih dari 50% perawat merasakan kepuasan kerja. Kata kunci: Penghargaan, pengakuan, promosi, kesempatan belajar, gaji, imbalan kompensasi, bonus, perawat, kepuasan kerja ABSTRACT Backgrounds: Awards in the form of rewards given by institutions or health care facilities to nurses for the work they have done, both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of appreciation of job satisfaction in nurses. Methods: This study uses a systematic review method with meta-analysis.Includedtwo PubMed databases and the Wiley Online Library. The research articles have gone through the screening and data quality test stages and obtained 7 articles for analysis. Results: Learning opportunities have a tendency to have a large effect on job satisfaction of nurses with an ES value of 1.15, promotions have a tendency to have a large effect on job satisfaction of nurses with an ES value of 0.56, salaries have a tendency to have a large effect on job satisfaction of nurses with a value of 0.43 , competency rewards/bonuses tend to have a large effect on nurse job satisfaction with an ES value of 3.45. Conclusion:Reward competence, learning opportunities, promotions, and salaries have a large I-squared. The level of satisfaction in the synthesized articles shows a different percentage. From all the articles synthesized, more than 50% of nurses felt job satisfaction. Keywords:Awards, recognition, promotion, learning opportunities, salary, compensation rewards, bonuses, nurse, job satisfaction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is ranked 27th cause of death in the world in 1990 and increased 18th in 2010. The results of Riskesdas in 2013 showed the prevalence of CKD in Indonesia by 0.2% or 2 per 1000 population. A long history of hypertension and kidney stones can cause a decrease in kidney function, patients with chronic renal failure who are still working have a level of fatigue that can trigger stress. Working conditions outdoors in hot temperatures can result in dehydration. The severity of patients with chronic kidney failure can be influenced by hypertension, kidney stones and work. Objective: To analyze risk factors for the severity of chronic kidney failure that undergo hemodialysis at Ulin Regional Hospital in South Kalimantan. Method: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. A sample of 65 patients using simple random sampling. The research instrument used patient medical record data. Data analysis with descriptive and statistical namely chi square and multiple logistic regression. Results: Patients who also suffered from hypertension had a greater risk for end-stage CKD (p = 0.010). Patients who also suffered from kidney stones had a greater risk for end-stage CKD (p = 0.034). Kidney failure patients who are still working have a risk of CRF (p = 0.011). Analysis using multiple logistic regression showed hypertension variables (p = 0.010; Exp.B = 7.236), kidney stones (p = 0.034; Exp.B = 5.221), and occupation (p = 0.011; Exp.B = 5.424) with a level of confidence 95%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between hypertension, kidney stones, and occupation with the severity of chronic kidney failure, with the most dominant variable hypertension among the three variables.

Background: Dental and oral health problems in Indonesia continue to increase. Dental and oral health is part of the overall health of the body. Dental and oral health in adolescents is an essential and integral part of general health seen in the wider community. Junior high school students are teenagers who experience significant development in their lives, both physically, emotionally, socially, and behaviorally. Purpose: To analyze the correlation of family socio-economic, dental health maintenance, and the physical environment factors with dental and oral health conditions in UPT SMP Negeri 1 Cempa students. Material and Methods: This study used an analytic observational method with a cross sectional research design The sample was determined using the sample size correlation formula. The population were students of UPT SMP Negeri 1 Cempa as many as 414 people and the sample used was 40 respondents. Results: Spearman correlation test to determine the correlation between dental health maintenance and oral health obtained the value of Sig. 0.005 means that there is a correlation between the level of dental health maintenance with dental and oral health conditions (p 0.05) and the level of physical environmental conditions (Sig. 0.710; p>0.05) with dental and oral health condition. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the level of dental health maintenance and dental and oral health conditions, while the socioeconomic level of the family and the physical environment does not have a correlation with dental and oral health conditions.Keywords: Dental and oral health, Dental health maintenance, Physical environment, Socioeconomic.

Background: Stunting is a new issue that has a bad impact on nutritional problems in Indonesia because affects the physical and functional body of the child and increases children's morbidity. Banjarbaru has the highest prevalence of stunting at 5-12 age, number two in South Kalimantan with 12.32%. Previous studies found stunting dental caries index is 8.23 with a very high category compared to normal children in 3.3, which is a moderate category. A poor salivary flow rate of more than 60 seconds has a very high DMF-T rate. Purpose: To Analyze the correlation of salivary flow rate in stunting children to the dental caries level at Elementary School Students in Sungai Tiung, Kecamatan Cempaka, Banjarbaru. Material and Method: This study used analytic observational research with cross sectional method. The sampling technique in this study was using probability techniques which were taken by cluster random sampling. The minimum number of samples in this study were 51 respondents, that determined with Numerical-Numerical Correlative Analytic samples formula. Results: The nutritional status of severe stunting group was 67.93% and the moderate stunting group was 32.07%. The average of salivary flow rate in stunting children was 0.09781 ml/minute which categorized in hyposalivation. The average def-t/DMF-T index in stunting children was 11.32, which is a very high category. The Spearman Correlation Test results obtained the result of sig value p = 0,000 (p

BACKGROUND: Case fatality rate (CFR) for global COVID-19 infections since June 14, 2021 was 2.17%, while CFR for Southest Asia were 1.39%. CFR in Indonesia so far were 3.05%. This missed from the target of the 2005-2025 RPJMK (Middle long run national health planning) in achieving healthy Indonesia; handling epidemic diseases must be able to reduce the mortality rate below 1%. The government issued the Decree of the Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia No. HK.01.07/Menkes/2020 concerning the Determination of Vaccine Types for the Management of COVID-19. However, the existence of this policy did not reduce the mortality rate trend of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the larger risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Guo et al. 2020 found comorbid COVID-19 sufferers were hypertension 24.7% and diabetes mellitus 21.2%. However, Mikami et al., 2020 stated differently that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not at risk of COVID-19 mortality. AIM: Objective of this study was to estimate the average tendency of hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. METHODS: Meta-analysis with 16 articles analyzed by RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: pHR for hypertension was 1.15 (95% CI 1.00 - 1.32) and diabetes mellitus was 1.21 (95% CI 1.13 - 1.29). CONCLUSION: Hypertension had risk 1.15 times and diabetes mellitus had risk 1.21 times for COVID-19 mortality.

Background: The best treatment for cases of pulp necrosis is root canal treatment. The appropriate treatment in cases of pulp necrosis is root canal treatment. One of the most widely used root canal preparation techniques is the conventional technique. Another technique in root canal treatment is the crown down technique. The success rate of root canal treatment can be influenced by several factors, one of which is the abundance or absence of apical debris. Apical debris can cause an inflammatory reaction and cause delayed healing of the tooth and cause pain after root canal treatment. Objective: Analyzing the difference in effectiveness of conventional root canal preparation techniques and crown down on the value of apical extrusion debris. Methods: This study uses quasi experimental type with post test-only group design. Sampling of the canines was done by simple random sampling. The treatment group was divided into 2, namely conventional techniques and crown down techniques. Result: The results of the free T test on the research data showed a sig(p) value of 0.000. Crown down techniques have better effectiveness than conventional techniques. This is evidenced by the result of mean value in conventional techniques of 0.000694, while mean value and on crown down technique of 0.000272. Conclusion: The crown down technique has better effectiveness than conventional techniques. Keywords: Apical debris, Conventional techniques, Crown down techniques. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Perawatan yang tepat pada kasus nekrosis pulpa adalah perawatan saluran akar. Salah satu teknik preparasi saluran akar yang paling banyak digunakan adalah teknik konvensional. Teknik lain dalam perawatan saluran akar adalah teknik crown down. Tingkat keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar dapat dipengaruhi beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah banyak atau tidaknya debris pada apikal. Debris pada apikal dapat menyebabkan reaksi inflamasi dan menyebabkan terlambatnya penyembuhan pada gigi serta menimbulkan nyeri paska perawatan saluran akar. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas pada teknik preparasi saluran akar konvensional dan crown down terhadap nilai debris ekstrusi apikal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis quasi experimental dengan rancangan post test-only group design. Pengambilan sampel gigi caninus dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu teknik konvensional dan teknik crown down. Hasil: Hasil uji T bebas pada data penelitian menunjukkan p=0.000. Teknik crown down memiliki efektivitas lebih baik dibandingkan teknik konvensional. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil nilai mean pada teknik konvensional sebesar 0.000694, sedangkan nilai mean dan pada teknik crown down sebesar 0.000272. Kesimpulan: Teknik crown down memiliki efektivitas lebih baik dibandingkan teknik konvensional. Kata kunci: Debris apikal, Teknik crown down, Teknik konvensional.

Background: Dental and oral health is important. HL Blum stated that the health status of a person or society is influenced by four factors. Environmental factors and behavioral factors play an important role in influencing the health status of teeth and mouth, especially dental caries. Based on RISKESDAS data in 2018, 57.6% of Indonesians have dental and oral health problems. Dental caries prevalence In Indonesia, the degree of severity is high at 88.8%. Dental caries can occur due to poor dental and oral hygiene. Maintaining individual oral and dental health can prevent caries, one of which is by brushing your teeth. 2.3% brushed their teeth properly in 2013 and decreased to 2% in 2018. Objectives: This study aims This study aims to determine the relationship between DMF-T caries index with drinking water consumption and tooth brushing behavior in Indonesian society. Method:literature review with the type of narrative review research. Search data sources using Google Scholar, and PubMed which have a maximum article publisher time span of the last 10 years. Results: There is a difference between the DMF-T caries index and consumption of rain water, river water, well water, mountain water, bottled water and PDAM water with the incidence of dental caries and there is a significant relationship between tooth brushing habits, and how to brush teeth with dental caries. Conclusion: The results of a review of the journal stated that brushing behavior has more influence on the DMF-T caries index than drinking water consumption patterns Keywords: Drinking water consumption, Index DMF-T caries, Tooth brushing behavior. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan hal penting. H. L. Blum menyatakan derajat kesehatan seseorang atau masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor. Faktor lingkungan dan faktor perilaku memegang peranan penting dalam memengaruhi status kesehatan gigi dan mulut, khususnya karies gigi. Berdasarkan data RISKESDAS tahun 2018 sebanyak 57,6% masyarakat Indonesia mempunyai permasalahan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Prevalensi karies gigi di Indonesia derajat keparahannya tinggi yaitu sebesar 88,8%. Karies gigi dapat terjadinya karena rendahnya kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut perorangan dapat mencegah terjadinya karies, salah satunya dengan cara melakukan sikat gigi. Sebesar 2,3% yang menyikat gigi dengan benar pada tahun 2013 dan menurun menjadi 2% pada tahun 2018. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks karies DMF-T dengan konsumsi air minum dan perilaku menyikat gigi pada masyartakat di Indonesia. Metode: literatur review dengan jenis penelitian narrative review. Pencarian sumber data menggunakan Google Scholar, dan PubMed yang memiliki rentang waktu penerbit artikel maksimal 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan antara indeks karies DMF-T dengan konsumsi air hujan, air sungai, air sumur, air pegunungan, air kemasan dan air PDAM dengan kejadian karies gigi dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi, dan cara menyikat gigi dengan karies gigi. Kesimpulan: Hasil dari telaah jurnal menyatakan perilaku menyikat gigi lebih berpengaruh terhadap indeks karies DMF-T dibandingkan pola konsumsi air minum Kata kunci: Indeks karies DMF-T, Konsumsi air minum, Perilaku menyikat gigi.

Background: The prevalence of people with oral and dental problems in Indonesia according to Riskesdas in 2018 was 57.6% with the National DMF-T index of 7.1. Lack of knowledge about oral and dental health causes a person not knowing the causes and prevention of dental caries. Purpose: To determine the results of published studies related to the relationship between dental health knowledge and the DMF-T index value of junior high school students. Method: A literature review with the type of narrative literature review. Data collection is carried out through electronic media. The data source is Secondary data from journals regarding the relationship between dental and oral health knowledge on the DMF-T score of junior high school students. Results: The results of the review of 12 journals conducted, found that the largest average percentage of DMF-T from 6 journals was in the low category, which was 27.45%, the average percentage of the largest dental and oral health knowledge level of the 5 journals was in the good / high, which is equal to 57.68%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the DMF-T index, most of the DMF-T index tends to be low in students with high levels of knowledge. Keywords: DMF-T index, Junior high school students, Level of knowledge. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi masyarakat yang bermasalah gigi dan mulut di Indonesia menurut Riskesdas tahun 2018 sebesar 57,6% dengan indeks DMF-T Nasional sebesar 7,1%. Pengetahuan yang kurang mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut menyebabkan seseorang tidak mengetahui penyebab dan pencegahan karies gigi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hasil penelitian yang sudah dipublikasikan yang berkaitan dengan hubungan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dengan nilai indeks DMF-T siswa SMP. Metode: Literature review menggunakan jenis narrative literature review. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui media elektronik. Sumber data berupa data sekunder dari jurnal mengenai hubungan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap nilai DMF-T siswa SMP. Hasil: Hasil review 12 jurnal yang dilakukan, ditemukan rata-rata persentase DMF-T terbesar dari 6 jurnal pada kategori rendah, yaitu sebesar 27,45%, rata-rata persentase tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut terbesar dari 5 jurnal tersebut adalah pada kategori baik/tinggi, yaitu sebesar 57,68%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan indeks DMF-T, sebagian besar indeks DMF-T cenderung rendah pada siswa dengan tingkat pengetahuan tinggi. Kata kunci: Indeks DMF-T, Siswa SMP, Tingkat pengetahuan.

Background: Caries is a hard tissue disease of teeth, namely enamel, dentin and cementum, which is caused by an activity of a microorganism in a carbohydrate. The cause of the mainstay of the teeth is a factor, which is caused by mineral substances with nutrients rich in carbohydrates. One of the predisposing factors for dental caries is drinking. Drinks that can cause a decrease in the acidity (pH) of saliva are drinks that contain sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric acid and ascorbic acid. Methods: All articles reviewed were obtained from searches for data sources Google Scholar, and Science Direct which had a range maximum journal publication time in the last 10 years. Results: The review was conducted on 12 journals which were found to fit the inclusion criteria, such as journals available in full text form and research subjects fruit juice which is often consumed by the public. Conclusion: there is a decrease in salivary pH after consuming fruit juice. Keywords: acidity, fruit juice, pH of saliva. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Karies merupakan suatu penyakit jaringan keras gigi, yaitu email, dentin dan sementum, yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas suatu jasad renik dalam suatu karbohidrat. Penyebab terjadinya karies gigi dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, seperti disebabkan zat mineral dengan dominan nutrisi kaya akan karbohidrat. Faktor predisposisi karies gigi salah satunya adalah minuman. Minuman yang dapat menyebabkan turunnya derajat keasaman (pH) saliva adalah minuman yang mengandung gula seperti fruktosa, glukosa, sukrosa, asam sitrat dan asam askorbat. Metode: Semua artikel yang direview diperoleh dari pencarian sumber data Google Scholar, dan Science Direct yang memiliki rentang waktu penerbitan jurnal maksimal 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Review dilakukan pada 12 jurnal yang ditemukan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi seperti jurnal tersedia dalam bentuk full-text dan subjek penelitian jus buah yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat. Kesimpulan: terjadi penurunan pH saliva setelah minum jus buah. Kata kunci: derajat keasaman, jus buah, pH saliva.

Background: Children aged 5 years have a number of dental caries experiences (dmft > 6) or are included in the category of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). A child who has a relatively high caries problem can affect their quality of life. Purpose: this study was to analyze the relationship between severe early childhood caries and children’s quality of life from aspects of eating, speaking, learning, and sleeping disorders. Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross sectional approach. Data analysis used Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Spearman test. Results: The results showed that the def-t index (S-ECC) was very high (90.3%). The Spearman correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between the severity of early caries (S-ECC) and children’s quality of life from the aspect of eating disorders (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The def-t index (S-ECC) is very high. There is a significant relationship between the severity of early caries and the quality of life of children from the aspect of eating disorders while from the aspects of speech, learning, and sleep disorders there is no significant relationship. Keywords: dental caries, oral health, quality of life ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Anak usia 5 tahun memiliki angka karies gigi (dmft > 6) atau termasuk dalam kategori karies anak usia dini yang parah/ severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Seseorang yang mengalami masalah karies cukup tinggi dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seorang anak. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan keparahan karies dini dengan kualitas hidup dari aspek gangguan makan, berbicara, belajar dan tidur. Metode: Menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui hasil pemeriksaan secara teledentistry kepada responden penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Spearman. Hasil: Indeks def-t (S-ECC) kategori sangat tinggi (90,3%). Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat keparahan karies dini (S-ECC) dengan kualitas hidup anak dari aspek gangguan makan (p = 0,017). Kesimpulan: Indeks def-t (S-ECC) sangat tinggi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat keparahan karies dini dengan kualitas hidup anak dari aspek gangguan makan sedangkan dari aspek gangguan berbicara, belajar, dan tidur tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Kata kunci: karies gigi, kesehatan gigi dan mulut, kualitas hidup

Background: Dental anxiety is cause of psychological symptoms, as depression, fear, and discomfort regarding dental treatment. Prevalence of dental anxiety from population in several countries mostly in children with rates 5-20%. Feelings fear dental care become obstacle for dentists their efforts improve public dental health. This condition affects Performance Treatment Index, which is percentage number of teeth still filled with DMF-T number. PTI describes person's motivation to fill cavities in effort maintain permanent teeth. Based Riskesdas data, PTI in Barito Kuala is only 0.48%. Purpose: Analyzing relationship between dental anxiety Performance Treatment Index in children5-6 at SDN Berangas Timur 1, Barito Kuala Regency. Methods:This study used analytic observational study with cross sectional approach to 28 respondents. Research instrument for measuring anxiety using CFSS-DS questionnaire and PTI measurement using DMF-T index then calculated using PTI formula. Results: Research found results of dental anxiety with 22 children not anxious and 6 children anxious. Results with the good PTI category obtained 1 child and poor 27 children. Result Spearman correlation test shows value p = 0.611. Conclusion: There was no relationship between dental anxiety and Performance Treatment Index in children at SDN Berangas Timur 1, Alalak District, Barito Kuala Regency.Keywords: Children, Dental Anxiety, Performance Treatment Index.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kecemasan dental adalah penyebab dari gejala psikologis, seperti depresi, ketakutan, dan perasaan tidak nyaman terhadap perawatan dental. Prevalensi kecemasan dental dari populasi pada beberapa negara paling banyak pada anak-anak dengan angka 5-20%. Perasaan takut terhadap perawatan gigi menjadi hambatan dokter gigi dalam usaha peningkatan kesehatan gigi masyarakat. Kondisi ini berpengaruh pada Performance Treatment Index, yaitu presentase jumlah gigi tetap ditambal terhadap angka DMF-T. PTI menggambarkan motivasi seseorang untuk menambalkan gigi berlubang dalam upaya mempertahankan gigi tetap. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas, PTI di Barito Kuala hanya 0,48%. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara Kecemasan dental terhadap Performance Treatment Index pada anak-anak Kelas 5-6 di SDN Berangas Timur 1 Kecamatan Alalak. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional pada 28 responden. Instrumen penelitian pada pengukuran kecemasan menggunakan kuesioner CFSS-DS dan pengukuran PTI menggunakan indeks DMF-T kemudian dihitung menggunakan rumus PTI. Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil kecemasan dental dengan 22 anak tidak cemas dan 6 anak cemas. Hasil dengan kategori PTI baik diperoleh 1 anak dan buruk 27 anak. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan nilai p=0,611. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara Kecemasan dental terhadap Performance Treatment Index pada anak-anak di SDN Berangas Timur 1 Kecamatan Alalak Kabupaten Barito Kuala.Kata kunci: Anak-anak, Kecemasan dental, Performance Treatment Index

Nutrition plays an important role in the human life cycle from in the womb to old age. The 2009 health law states that the main priority of efforts to improve nutrition in Indonesia is vulnerable groups, one of which is infants and toddlers. The results of the study used the Evidence Gap theory with the aim of analyzing the relationship between maternal characteristics and malnutrition status in children under five in Indonesia based on published studies from 2015-2020. The research method is meta-analysis with a cross sectional design. a total of six research articles (full text) published online in 2015-2020, using the meta-analysis calculator program Review Manager 5.4. The main results of the study were the age of mothers 20-35 years during pregnancy (85.4%), low education level of junior high school, not working parity of mothers with children > 1 (65.7%), and most of the number of children with no more than two children. (68.1%), most of the mother's birth spacing does not exist, and mother's knowledge is good. The conclusion from the six articles was that three articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis, namely maternal education p = 0.002 OR = 3.2, mother's occupation p = 0.002 OR = 2.70, and mother's knowledge p = 0.0001 OR = 4.98. That data mean that there was a relationship between significantly with the nutritional status of under-fives in Indonesia. Variables of mother's age, mother's parity, number of mother's children, and mother's birth spacing cannot be analyzed in the meta-analysis.Keywords: Characteristics of mothers, nutritional status, children under five

Background: The most used denture base is heat-cured acrylic resin. It can causes denture stomatitis. The action taken to prevent denture stomatitis is by cleaning the denture. Chemical denture cleansers can reduce surface hardness, increase the degree of surface roughness and may cause discoloration of acrylic resin surfaces. Alternative natural denture cleanser is used to minimize this effects. The natural denture cleanser is using 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts which are known to have antifungal effectiveness against Candida albicans. The combination of these two extracts is expected to have better effectiveness against Candida albicans without changing the nature of the acrylic resin base in surface roughness, hardness and color. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the comparison in surface hardness, surface roughness, and discoloration of a heat-cured acrylic resin which immersed in 12.5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts with alkaline peroxide and distilled water. Methods: This study was a true experimental study with pre and posttest with control group design. Study on surface hardness used 24 cylindrical type heat-cured acrylic resin samples with a diameter of 30 mm and 5 mm thickness. Study on surface roughness used 24 acrylic resin rectangular 65 x 10 x 3.3 mm. Study on discoloration used 24 acrylic resin sized 15mm in diameter x 2mm thick; n=8/group. The study used 3 treatment groups: 12.5% Basil leaves and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water. Hardness testing was measured using Vickers Hardness Testing and surface roughness measurement was performed using surface roughness tester. The value of discoloration was measured before and after the immersion for five days with the CIELab system using digital analysis tools. Result: The mean of the decrease in surface hardness value of heat-cured acrylic resin which was immersed in extract solution, alkaline peroxide, distilled water are 1.40, 1.38, and 0.60 respectively. The mean results of surface roughness increase in 12,5% Basil leave and 25% Mauli banana stem extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water group were 0.0613 µm, 0.0663 µm, and 0.0425 µm respectively. Statistical tests on discoloration showed significant differences (p

Background: Aggressive periodontitis is a disease that is mostly suffered by young patients with minimal local factors. The prevalence of this disease is approximately 8% in Indonesia, where Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria are presented as dominant bacteria in this disease. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative bacterium that is sensitive to flavonoids. Ramania leaves are natural substances which contain flavonoids. Flavonoids in ramania leaves can be applied as an antibacterial substance. Objectives: The objectives of this research are to determine and analyze the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of flavonoids extract from ramania leaves at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, and analyze the antibacterial effectiveness on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: True experimental design with pre and post-test with control group design was applied in this study. Antibacterial test using broth and agar dilution method was performed in a total of 5 treatment groups with 6 repetitions. Results: All exract at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% concentration demonstrated the ability to inhibit bacterial growth, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was found at 0.5% concentration. Result test for One way ANNOVA on minimum inhibitory concentration and Kruskal wallis test on minimum bactericidal concentration exhibited significant value of less than 0.05 presenting significant differences in some groups. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is effective on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at the concentration of 0.1% and minimum bactericidal concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is more effective at the concentration of 0.5%

Tuberculosis is one of 10 causes of death in the world. In 2018 TB sufferers in Indonesia reached 840 thousand people, the third-highest figure in the world after India and China. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between contact with tuberculosis patients, occupancy density and ventilation area with tuberculosis’ incidence. This study used meta-analysis, the articles’ sources were from Google Scholar, PubMed and DOAJ published from 2011-2020. There were 12 articles that met the conditions for contact-free variables with tuberculosis patients, 12 articles of occupancy density, and 10 articles of ventilation area variable. The results were contacting with tuberculosis patients had 5.93 times more of getting tuberculosis compared to people who had no contact with tuberculosis patients, people who lived in densely populated areas were 2.41 times more getting tuberculosis compared to people living in occupancy that is not crowded, people who live in dwellings with a non-standard ventilation area were 2.14 times more getting tuberculosis when compared to people who live in an area where the ventilation area meets the standard. The conclusion of this study is tuberculosis patient contact, occupancy density, and ventilation area with the incidence of tuberculosis have a significant relationship.

The population is expected to increase by 8,5 billion persons in 2030 and 10,9 billion persons in 2100, population is growing at a rate of around 1,1% per year. One of population growth control by birth control with contraception. The most effective contraception is long-acting contraception, however, on IDHS (Indonesian Health Demographic Survey) only 13% of currently married women use long-acting contraception. Many factors affect contraceptive use among married women, such as knowledge, education, and husband’s support. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge, education, and husband's support on the selection of MKJP. This study used meta-analysis with the search engines by Google scholar, PUBMED, science direct, and ProQuest. The study was selected using PRISMA and it was evaluated by AMSTAR. Data synthesis was conducted by STATA 16.0. The results of this study obtained by knowledge [OR = 0,99; 95% Cl : 0,90-1,08, p = 0,000; I2 = 74,8%], education [OR = 0,84; 95% Cl : 0,77-0,92, p = 0,000; I2 = 86,3%], and husband’s [OR = 0,94; 95% Cl : 0,69-1,20, p = 0,000; I2 = 81,5%]. This means that knowledge, education, and husband’s support have an impact on the use of long-acting contraception.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a periodontal disease with 80% of all cases of periodontitis. The major causes are the accumulation of plaque and bacteria. The dominant bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Treatment of chronic periodontitis can be done by scaling and root planing and supporting therapy by using mouthwash such as Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% which is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% has disadvantages so that nowadays research on herbal plants is being done to find alternative medicines that are more effective. Ramania (Bouea machropylla Griffith) leaf contains flavonoids that have antibacterial properties. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectivity of the flavonoid fraction of Ramania leaf extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis that causes chronic periodontitis. Method: True experimental study and post-test with control group design consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely flavonoid fraction of ramania leaf extract with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as a control positive and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated 6 times. Antibacterial tests using the dilution method with inhibitory rates calculated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and killing rates were calculated using a Colony Counter. Results: The average difference in absorbance values obtained inhibitory rates at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. One Way Anova Test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). The average number of colonies after 24 hours incubation showed the results of a kill rates in the concentration group of 0.3%, 0.5%, and positive control. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained at 0.3% concentration. Keywords: Flavonoid Fraction, MIC, MBC, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Ramania Leaf Extract.

Background: Aggressive periodontitis is a disease that is mostly suffered by young patients with minimal local factors. The prevalence of this disease is approximately 8% in Indonesia, where Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria are presented as dominant bacteria in this disease. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative bacterium that is sensitive to flavonoids. Ramania leaves are natural substances which contain flavonoids. Flavonoids in ramania leaves can be applied as an antibacterial substance. Objectives: The objectives of this research are to determine and analyze the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of flavonoids extract from ramania leaves at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, and analyze the antibacterial effectiveness on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: True experimental design with pre and post-test with control group design was applied in this study. Antibacterial test using broth and agar dilution method was performed in a total of 5 treatment groups with 6 repetitions. Results: All exract at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% concentration demonstrated the ability to inhibit bacterial growth, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was found at 0.5% concentration. Result test for One way ANNOVA on minimum inhibitory concentration and Kruskal wallis test on minimum bactericidal concentration exhibited significant value of less than 0.05 presenting significant differences in some groups. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is effective on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at the concentration of 0.1% and minimum bactericidal concentration of ramania leaves flavonoid extract is more effective at the concentration of 0.5%. Keywords: Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, Aggressive Periodontitis, Dilution Method, Flavonoids, Ramania Leaves.

Background: Badan Penyelenggaran Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) is a form of the implementation of the National Health Insurance which is tasked to ensure the maintenance of health for all Indonesians. But many people are not satisfied with BPJS. Kurniawan research in 2015, treatment measures (aspects of assurance) were significantly different between uninsured patients and BPJS patients. Idaman Hospital, Banjarbaru is a type C hospital owned by the city government, as an advanced level health facility in implementing BPJS. Pulp treatment is a kind of treatments in dental and mouth which covered by BPJS. Purpose: To know the description of pulp treatment and post pulp treatment materials in BPJS and uninsured patients in Idaman District Hospital, Banjarbaru. Methods: A descriptive observational study with retrospective secondary data collect from patient registers in January-December 2018. Results: Outpatients that insured by BPJS were 78.84% and uninsured were 21.10%. The use of dental pulp treatment materials was arsenic with 13.6% in BPJS patients and 6.6% in uninsured patients, formocresol with 21.5% in BPJS patients and 5.6% in uninsured patients, cresophene 20.42% in BPJS patients and 3.76% in uninsured patients, eugenol 2,81% in BPJS patients and 2.35% in uninsured patients. The most common used post-pulp treatment materials were 16.6% GIC for BPJS patients and 6.09% in uninsured patients, while composites were only 0.23% for both. Conclusion: Dental pulp treatment materials in BPJS and uninsured patients are arsenic, formocresol, cresophene and eugenol, while post pulp treatment materials are GIC and composite. Keywords : BPJS, Pulp Treatment, Uninsured Patients

Background : Stimulation of inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) will initiate to release free radicals in destroying bacteria. Excessive free radicals can damage cells in the body. Antioxidants as one of the body's defense systems will neutralize existing free radicals. Chitosan from Haruan scales in addition to being antimicrobial turned out to also be antioxidants. Objective: To know the antioxidant potential of chitosan from haruan (Channa striata) scales. Method s : This study is a pure experimental (true experimental design) with a post-test only with control group design using two treatment groups, with quantitative tests to calculate the amount of antioxidant activity of chitosan from fish scales using DPPH radical reduction method. The first treatment is 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm standard ascorbic acid concentration with DPPH solution as positive control, and the second treatment is 200, 250, 300 and 350 ppm chitosan from Haruan scales concentration with DPPH solution. Results: The results showed that chitosan from Haruan fish scales have antioxidant activity with 50.513% percentage of inhibition at a maximum concentration of 350 ppm with an IC50 value of 356.98 ppm. The results of the independent T-test showed that there was a significant difference between the inhibition percentage of chitosan from haruan fish scales and the inhibition percentage of ascorbic acid (p = 0,000) (p

In this present study, we try to investigate the effect of three different water to the demineralization of several tooth minerals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and fluor (F). Tooth samples were taken from 24 human maxillary premolars 1 free of caries and defects. All the tooth samples were extracted in Dental Faculty, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A water sample is taken from Martapura river, and households that used a tap and well water in Martapura, Banjar District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia with pH value around 5.8, 6.99, and 7.11 respectively. For the control, we used an aquades with the pH value is about 7.2. Tooth samples then divided into four groups with; C served as control; T1 which submerge the tooth in river water; T2 which submerge the tooth in tap water; and T3 which submerge the tooth in a well water. The treatment lasts for 4 days, and each day the demineralization rate constant and regression coefficient of Ca, Mg, P, and F was analyzed. Generally, the tooth submersion in river water increased the demineralization rate constant of all tooth minerals that investigated in this study. The results also show that the treatment shows a negative correlation with demineralization process of all tooth minerals. The results of this present study indicated that all treatment can cause the demineralization of tooth mineral such as, Ca, Mg, P, and F. The highest demineralization rate was found in the treatment with river water than another treatment.

The commitment of the employees is one of the keys to determine the success of the organization in achieving the vision. When the employee has the enthusiasm and high commitment, the employee will not leave the organization. High turnover has become the issue in Suaka Insan Hospital for almost 3 years later. The employee commitment influenced by the compensation, carrier development, and organizational culture. This study aims to determine the impact of the compensation, carrier development, and organizational culture towards the commitment of the nurses at Suaka Insan Hospital Banjarmasin. This study utilizes quantitative research by involving 64 nurses as the respondents. The inclusion criteria are nurses who have worked in that hospital for 3 years and have undergone training and career development at Suaka Insan Hospital. Research instruments using questionnaire with an in-depth interview during the focus group discussion. Data analysis uses multiple regressions by utilizing t-test and f-test. There is a direct impact of the compensation, career development, and organizational culture against the nurse's commitment at Suaka Insan Hospital simultaneously. The determination coefficient is 0.945, which means 94.5% the nurse's commitment influenced by the compensation, career development, and organizational culture.

Penggunaan antibiotik pada diare non spesifik merupakan salah satu indikator penggunan obat yang tidak rasional, ini dampak berkurangnya pada mutu dan pengelolaan pelayanan obat pada pasien, pemborosan pembiayaan, adanya efek samping serta resistensi. Survei awal yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dari delapan puskesmas di Kabupaten Balangan dengan melakukan analisa resep kasus diare pada non spesifik pada balita dari sebanyak 131 kasus sebanyak 104 pemberian obat tidak rasional. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan pengobatan diare non spesifik sesuai MTBS pada balita di Puskesmas Kabupaten Balangan. Metode yang digunakan Static group comparison. Populasi dokter, perawat dan bidan yang bertugas di ruang pemeriksaan dan ruang MTBS yang bekerja di Puskesmas Kabupaten Balangan berjumlah 212 orang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari sampel eksperimen berjumlah 45 orang dan sampel pembanding berjumlah 45 orang, teknik sampling purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan catatan pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square dengan α = 0,05 dan Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil Penelitian Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan pelatihan dengan pengetahuan (p=0,000), pelatihan dengan sikap (p=0,011) dan pelatihan dengan ketidakrasionalan pengobatan diare (p=001). Nilai OR menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan variabel yang dipengaruhi pelatihan, yakni OR=162,000. KesimpulanTerdapat hubungan positif antara pelatihan dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan ketidakrasionalan pengobatan diare pada balita.

This study aimed to investigate the mineral characteristics, hydroxyapatite crystal, and mesostructure among heavy smoker teeth. Twenty five subjects were divided into two groups including non smoker group (15 subjects) and heavy smoker group (10 subjects). Teeth mineral element was measured using X-Ray Fluorescence. The hydroxyapatite crystal structure was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction. Mesostructure was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope. The level of Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, S, Si, Cr, Ti, Mn, Ni, In, Re, Ba, K, Mo, V, Sr, Co, Er, Yb, Zr, and Ca/P ratio were not significantly different in the smoker group compared with a non smoker group (P > 0.05). The lattice parameter of smoker was different compared with non smoker group. In addition, the crystal size of the smoker was higher compared with control. We also found that mesostructure of the smoker was different compared with non smoker. In conclusion, smoking activity affect the hydroxyapatite crystal and disrupt the remodeling surface of teeth. Key words: smoking; dental; structure; surface; remodeling