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Background It is uncertain whether diabetes affects the risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We assessed the relationship of diabetes or prediabetes and LTBI among close and household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed interferon-γ release assays, TB symptom screening, and point-of-care glycolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing among HHCs of active TB cases. Diabetes status was classified into diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% or self-reported diagnosis), prediabetes (5.7%–6.4%), and euglycemia (≤5.6%). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of diabetes with LTBI. Results Among 597 study participants, 123 (21%) had dysglycemia including diabetes (n = 31) or prediabetes (n = 92); 423 (71%) participants were diagnosed with LTBI. Twelve of 31 (39%) HHCs with diabetes were previously undiagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence of LTBI among HHCs with diabetes, prediabetes, and euglycemia was 87% (27/31), 73% (67/92), and 69% (329/474), respectively. In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, and HIV status, the odds of LTBI among HHCs with diabetes were 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .76–7.08) times the odds of LTBI without diabetes. When assessing interaction with age, the association of diabetes and LTBI was robust among participants aged ≥40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.68 [95% CI, .77–17.6]) but not those Conclusions HHCs with diabetes may be more likely to have LTBI than those with euglycemia. Further investigations are needed to assess mechanisms by which diabetes may increase risk of LTBI after Mtb exposure.

Objective. To determine if there is an unrecognized problem of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Haiti, a country without a national rubella immunization program. Methods. During March 2001 and June 2001, screening physicals were conducted on approximately 80 orphans at three orphanages in Haiti that accept disabled children. Children were classified as probable CRS cases based on established clinical criteria. Photo documentation of findings was obtained whenever possible. Results. Six children met the criteria for probable CRS. Using data from surrounding Caribbean countries and from the United States of America prior to rubella immunization, we estimated that there are between 163 and 440 new cases of CRS per year in Haiti. Conclusions. CRS exists in Haiti, but its presence is generally unrecognized. A national rubella immunization policy should be considered.Objetivos. Determinar si la rubéola congénita es un problema no reconocido en Haití, país que no dispone de un programa nacional de vacunación contra esta enfermedad. Métodos. Entre marzo y junio de 2001 se realizaron exámenes físicos a unos 80 huérfanos de tres orfanatos de Haití que aceptan a niños discapacitados. El diagnóstico de probable rubéola congénita se basó en criterios clínicos establecidos. Siempre que fuera posible se obtuvo documentación fotográfica. Resultados. Seis niños cumplieron los criterios de probable rubéola congénita. Usando datos de los países vecinos del Caribe y de los Estados Unidos de América anteriores a la vacunación contra la rubéola, se calculó que cada año hay 163 a 440 nuevos casos de rubéola congénita en Haití. Conclusiones. Sigue existiendo rubéola congénita en Haití, pero generalmente no se reconoce. Se debería considerar la implantación de una política nacional de vacunación contra la rubéola en ese país.

Objective. To determine if there is an unrecognized problem of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Haiti, a country without a national rubella immunization program. Methods. During March 2001 and June 2001, screening physicals were conducted on approximately 80 orphans at three orphanages in Haiti that accept disabled children. Children were classified as probable CRS cases based on established clinical criteria. Photo documentation of findings was obtained whenever possible. Results. Six children met the criteria for probable CRS. Using data from surrounding Caribbean countries and from the United States of America prior to rubella immunization, we estimated that there are between 163 and 440 new cases of CRS per year in Haiti. Conclusions. CRS exists in Haiti, but its presence is generally unrecognized. A national rubella immunization policy should be considered.

To determine if there is an unrecognized problem of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Haiti, a country without a national rubella immunization program.During March 2001 and June 2001, screening physicals were conducted on approximately 80 orphans at three orphanages in Haiti that accept disabled children. Children were classified as probable CRS cases based on established clinical criteria. Photo documentation of findings was obtained whenever possible.Six children met the criteria for probable CRS. Using data from surrounding Caribbean countries and from the United States of America prior to rubella immunization, we estimated that there are between 163 and 440 new cases of CRS per year in Haiti.CRS exists in Haiti, but its presence is generally unrecognized. A national rubella immunization policy should be considered.