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Bio-fertilizer is low cost, renewable sources of plant nutrients which can supplement of chemical fertilizers. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has either reduces or eliminated such essential microbial populations from the agriculture soils. It has thus become necessary to produce such bio-fertilizers at commercial scale and add to the soil. In the present work the author has prepared three types of bio-fertilizers by using different waste materials. Firstly prepared biofertilizer by using kitchen waste, secondly by using biomass (such as rice husk, rice straw, bamboo leaves, soil, and water) and other types of bio-fertilizer is liquid, prepared by using biomass and Molasses. After preparation of above bio-fertilizers, they were used in different field crops such as ladies finger and study the growth and production of crops after an interval of every five day. Performance of crops under there biofertilizers was also studied.

In this paper, we have established SIQR epidemic model with saturated incidence rate for Corona - virus Disease (COVID-19). For more specified study the Quarantine Compartment is subdivided into two quarantine compartments QS , quarantine from susceptible individual class and QI, quarantine from infected individuals. At any given time the size of susceptible compartment will be bigger than the size of other compartments so, considering the criticality of the disease it is necessary to have the hold on this compartment for this the whole model is incorporated with saturated incidence rate. The local and global stability at equilibrium points are discussed which depends on the basic reproduction number (R0) of the model. It has been observed if R0 < 1, then the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and if R0 > 1, then the endemic equilibria will be globally stable. At R0 = 1, behaviour of disease-free equilibrium is examined using Center manifold theory. The major finding shows that the measure of inhibition taken by the susceptible reduces the severity of disease.

Let U be the Utumi quotient ring of a prime ring R, char $$(R)\ne 2$$ and $$f(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ be a noncentral multilinear polynomial over the extended centroid C. Suppose that G, F and H are three generalized derivations on R such that $$F(G(f(r))f(r))-H(f(r)^2)=0$$ for all $$r=(r_1,\ldots ,r_n)\in R^{n}$$ . In this paper, we give the complete characterization of the mappings G, F and H.

Las lombrices (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) del río Chaliyar de Malappuram, el Parque Nacional de Eravikulam, el refugio de especies silvestres de Neyyar, la reserva de tigres de Parambikulam, el refugio de especies silvestres de Peppara, el Parque Nacional de Periyar, el refugio de especies silvestres de Shendurney y el bosque de Wayanad, en Kerala, que son una parte de la elevada diversidad de Western Ghats, en la India, se estudiaron mediante el método convencional de taxonomía, y su código de barras del ADN utilizando el gen de la oxidasa I del citrocromo c (COI). El estudio representa 11 especies de lombrices de la familia Moniligastridae, a saber: Drawida brunnea Stephenson, Drawida circumpapillata Aiyer, Drawida ghatensis Michaelsen, Drawida impertusa Stephenson, Drawida nilamburensis (Bourne), Drawida robusta (Bourne), Drawida scandens Rao, Drawida travancorense Michaelsen, Moniligaster aiyeri Gates, Moniligaster deshayesi Perrier y Moniligaster gravelyi (Stephenson). En el análisis filogenético, todas las especies se recuperaron tanto en los árboles producidos mediante el método de unión de vcinos como en los árboles basados en la máxima verosimilitud, con un elevado apoyo de los clados. La distancia media calculada con el modelo K2P dentro de una misma especie y entre especies fue del 1,2 % y el 22 %, respectivamente, mientras que el análisis de deficiencias del código de barras (BGA) de las especies estudiadas sugirió una brecha del 2–5 %, lo que refleja la precisión de la caracterización. En el estudio se presenta el primer paso en la caracterización molecular de la familia de lombrices Moniligastridae, autóctona de la India. Datos publicados en GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/l2nlhz)

The observation based on field as well as secondary data collected from the various observation wells in the district of Varanasi during pre- and post-monsoon periods which show continuous decline in the groundwater level during the year 2009–15 except year 2012. After the analysis of hydrogeological and rainfall data, the groundwater behaviour of the area has been accessed. The correlation among rainfall, sub-surface lithology and groundwater level have been carried out to access the interrelationship of these factors. Thickness of clay and fine sand are governing factors for groundwater level under phreatic condition in the study area. The groundwater regime has strong relationship with rainfall and sub-surface soil condition. The groundwater is under stress condition particularly in the northern part of the study area due to lower rainfall in comparison to excessive groundwater withdrawal and significant thickness of clay layer below the ground surface.

This work uses the molecular dynamics approach to study the effects of functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical properties of Cu64Zr36 metallic glass (MG). Three types of functional groups, carboxylic, vinyl and ester were used. The effect of CNT volume fraction (Vf) and the number of functional groups attached to CNT, on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CNT-MG composites was analysed using Biovia Materials Studio. At lower values of Vf (from 0 to 5%), the percentage increase in Young’s modulus was approximately 66%. As the value of Vf was increased further (from 5 to 12%), the rate of increase in Young’s modulus was reduced to 16%. The thermal conductivity was found to increase from 1.52 W/mK at Vf = 0% to 5.88 W/mK at Vf = 12%, thus giving an increase of approximately 286%. Functionalization of SWCNT reduced the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT-MG composites.

The interfacial bonding between reinforcement and matrix is the key factor for the strengthening of any composite materials apart from their strengths. The enhancement in the strength of carbon nanotubes (CNT) reinforced Al composite is incommensurate rather than the extraordinary high strength of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to improper bonding of CNT and Al matrix at the interface. In result, the failure of CNT/Al composite has been observed due to the pull-out of CNT rather than the fracture of CNT. So, to achieve high interfacial strength, the pull-out of CNT must be characterized but due to the nano-dimension of CNT, it was found to be crucial. In recent years there are limited analytical, experimental, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques that have been developed by researchers which elucidates the interfacial strengthening of CNT/Al composites. In recent years, Chen et al. [11] fabricated the CNT-Al composite with SPS and reinforced the Al2O3 at the interface of CNT and Al, which results in a fracture of CNT during pull-out and the ISS of 41 MPa was achieved. The MD simulation used to overestimate the ISS of 140.62 MPa reported by Meguid et al. [13] . In the present study, the analysis has been made to interpret most influencing fabrication techniques, characterization techniques, and parameters to characterize and enhance the interfacial strength of the CNT-Al composite from the available literature.

The study demonstrates the use of a hybrid method for condition monitoring of rotary machines. The multi-scale fluctuation based dispersion entropy (MFDE) is hybrid with a local mean decomposition (LMD) to analysis the bearing faults. The acquired bearing signals are decomposed using LMD. MFDE values of decomposed signals are computed and are used as feature vectors in the present study. Support vector machine (SVM) is used as machine learning tool for classifying the different levels of fault severity. This study shows that, the proposed hybrid method has potential for gaining further insights into the dynamics of rotary machines.

This study investigated the processes influencing the chemistry of surface and shallow groundwater in tropical coastal environments - south east of greater Accra region of Ghana using GIS models and combination of geological and hydro geochemical techniques for sustainable management of freshwater resources and abundantly available brackish water resources. A total of 37 shallow groundwater and 11 surface water samples were collected and analysed for their physico-chemical constituents. The samples were adjusted to room temperature after which the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity were measured with a precision of 0.01 for both parameters using a La Motte, USA in unfiltered samples. The analysis of major and minor ions were performed using ion chromatography (DIONEX-ICS-1000 Series). The geographical locations of the samples were recorded with the aid of a handheld Global Position System (GPS). The analysed shallow groundwater indicates minimum salinity values of 70.2 psu/ppm, maximum salinity of 4398.3 psu/ppm with an average of 1571.4 psu/ppm whilst surface water has minimum salinity of 33.8 psu/ppm, maximum of 43574 psu/ppm with an average of 4972.6 psu/ppm therefore highly saline. The total minimum dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations is 87.5 ppm, maximum of 5160 ppm with an average of 1911.96 ppm for shallow groundwater and for surface water minimum of 38.4 ppm, maximum of 27100 ppm and average 3938.12 ppm.

The present communication has been devoted to the study of projective motion, projective curvature collineation and infinitesimal projective transformation in a Finsler space equipped with semi-symmetric connection. In this communication we have derived results in the form of theorems which hold when the Finsler space under consideration admits both projective motion and projective curvature collineation and in this continuation, we have also derived the relationships which hold when the space under consideration admits a non-affine as well as an affine infinitesimal projective transformation.

In this article we discuss the commutativity of a prime Banach algebra A with the help of its generalized $$(\alpha ,\alpha )$$ -derivation. In particular, we prove that if A is a unital prime Banach algebra and A has a nonzero continuous linear generalized $$(\alpha ,\alpha )$$ -derivation g associated with a nonzero continuous linear $$(\alpha ,\alpha )$$ -derivation d such that $$g((xy)^n)-d(x^n)d(y^n)=0$$ or $$g((xy)^n)-d(y^n)d(x^n)=0$$ for sufficiently many x, y and integer $$n=n(x,y)>1$$ then A must be commutative. In this connection some more results has been found. Further examples are given to show that hypotheses are not superfluous.

The study was conducted on six healthy non-descript goats of either sex weighing between 20-25 kg by administrating atropine sulphate (0.04 mg/kg I/M) followed by midazolam (0.4 mg/kg I/M) and 15 min. later followed by induction of anaesthesia with ketofol (5mg/kg I/V). Sedation with drooping of head after midazolam administration within 8.20±0.58 min. After ketofol administration went into lateral recumbency and onset of anaesthesia was 0.62±0.14 min. Corneal, palpebral and anal pinch reflexes were abolished completely. Complete relaxation of all muscles of jaw, tail, anus, prepuce, neck and limb was observed but for short duration. There was complete analgesia and moderated salivation after ketofol anaesthesia. The average duration of anaesthesia was 33.71±1.08 min. after which sign of recovery such as raising of head, tail flicking appeared and complete recovery took 62.14±1.53 min. after ketofol anaesthesia. There was no significant variations in rectal temperature whereas a significant (P

In this paper, we prove some unique common fixed point theorem for two pairs of weakly compatible mappings, satisfying the rational contraction conditions in complex valued metric space. The proved result, generalize and extend some known results in the literature. Finally, The main result is the application of the Urysohn integral equations to derive the existence theorem for a general solution. AMS(MOS) Subject Classification Codes: 47H10, 54H25.

Prior studies have reported that breast thermography is a potential adjunct tool to mammography in early cancer detection, especially in developing countries with limited medical facilities. This non-invasive, safe, and painless screening tool can reduce the mortality due to cancer by early detection and monitoring. This prospective study aims to analyze changes in static breast thermograms of a BIRADS V category breast cancer patient to assess the response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced cancer and to compare with thermograms of a BIRADS II category benign patient. Breast thermograms of the malignant and benign patients in five different views were taken using FLIR E40 thermal camera under strict acquisition protocols. Details of the patient along with the thermograms were recorded pre and post NACT. There is a qualitative reduction in the warm region of the surface after the first cycle of chemotherapy treatment. Thermal, fractal, and statistical analysis of thermograms is performed for both patients. In the patient with aggressive ductal carcinoma, the difference in the mean surface temperature between contralateral breasts is high, which is reduced after the first cycle of NACT. This preliminary study indicates that breast thermography can potentially be used as an effective non-invasive, non-contact, and radiation-free tool to analyze the effect of NACT on patients with different stages of breast cancer. This study also signifies the role of the thermography technique in reaching a largely rural population with limited medical resources for early cancer screening.

Background: Ketamine is rarely used alone because of its association with poor muscle relaxation, tachycardia, catalepsy or muscle rigidity and therefore commonly used in combination with alpha 2 agonist or opioid to minimize the untoward effects. The aim of the present anaesthetic study was to evaluate the clinico-physiological effects of ketamine alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine or butorphanol for inducing adequate anaesthesia in dogs. Methods: The present anaesthetic study was conducted on 18 (eighteen) healthy dogs of either sex and randomly divided into three groups (K, DK and BK) with six animals in each group. Atropine sulphate @ 0.04 mg/ kg was administered intramuscularly 15 minutes prior to anaesthetic study to all the animals. In group K, ketamine HCl alone was administered @ 5 mg/kg by slow i/v and kept as control. In group DK and BK, after administration of atropine sulphate 15 minutes later dexmedetomidine @ 10 µg/kg i/m and butorphanol @ 0.2 mg/kg i/m were administered respectively. Ten minutes later ketamine HCl was administered @ 5 mg/kg slowly intravenously in both group DK and BK to induce surgical stage of general anaesthesia. The following clinical parameters were recorded viz., onset of sedation, onset of anaesthesia, degree of analgesia, extent of muscle relaxation, duration of anaesthesia and complete recovery. The physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate) were recorded before anaesthetic study at 0 min. and at 10 minutes after preanaesthetic administration and then at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after ketamine anaesthesia. All the data were analyzed using SPSS v 15.0 statistics software program and presented as mean±Standard Error. Result: The onset of sedation was quicker in group DK followed by group K and BK. Duration of anaesthesia and complete recovery in group DK was significantly (p less than 0.01) longer than in group K and BK. The degree of analgesia was excellent in group DK and good in group K and BK. The extent of muscle relaxation was excellent in group DK, good in group BK and was poor in group K. The physiological parameters showed transient changes which compensated and remained within normal range during the observation period. The above anaesthetic study suggests that ketamine in combination with dexmedetomidine or butorphanol can be safely used for inducing adequate anaesthesia in dogs. However, dexmedetomidine-ketamine can be used safely for longer duration of surgical procedures in dogs.

The monitoring of bearing health is difficult due to the presence of background noise in the acquired vibration signal along with non-linear and non-stationary characteristics. Targeting these factors a new bearing fault diagnosis technique is proposed based on integration of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multi entropy fusion approach (MEFA). This methodology is proposed to increase the efficiency of the fault classification of rolling bearings. In this approach, the acquired vibration signal is initially denoised using VMD approach. The entropy values are then calculated using MEFA comprising of approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn), permutation entropy (PE) and dispersion entropy (DisEn). These values are used as feature vectors for the present study. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) are used as classifiers for classifying different types of faults. The proposed methodology is tested on the bearing dataset of an electro-mechanical system, and its accuracy results are compared with the integrated local mean decomposition (LMD) with MEFA. The results from the experimental investigation prove the efficacy of the proposed method.

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, U the Utumi quotient ring of R with the extended centroid C and f(x1,…,xn) be a non-central multilinear polynomial over C. Suppose that F a...

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, U be its Utumi quotient ring with extended centroid C and $$f(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ be a multilinear polynomial over C, which is not central valued on R. Suppose that F and G are two generalized derivations on R such that $$F^2(f(r))f(r)-G(f(r)^2)=0$$ for all $$r=(r_1,\ldots ,r_n)\in R^{n}$$. Then one of the following holds

The study reports a simple two steps chemical conversion treatment to enable electroless nickel (EN) coating on AZ91 alloy without using chromium or fluoride. The process involves calcium dihydrogen phosphate deployed in step 1 followed by the transformation into more insoluble product, for better corrosion and adhesion resistance, via alkali treatment in NaOH or Na2CO3 during step 2. The latter is attempted by varying the concentration in the range 0.25 to 2 M. The performance of conversion treatments is critically evaluated by the quality of the EN coating, deposited subsequently, with respect to morphology, corrosion, and adhesion resistance. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis of the pretreated surface exhibits complete transformation to tri calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate after treated in NaOH or Na2CO3 solution respectively at an optimum 1 M concentration. The crack dimensions on the surface of thus pretreated AZ91 are largely suppressed, compared to those at 1 M NaOH/Na2CO3 concentration, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D profilometer. The EN coating on pretreated substrate at 1 M alkali concentration shows higher corrosion and scratch resistance than that at other concentrations. The 1 M Na2CO3 appears superior to NaOH pretreatment, as it imparts better corrosion and adhesion resistance of the subsequent EN coating. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on EN coating after 1 M Na2CO3 treatment shows no coating deterioration up to 300 h of exposure to 0.5% NaCl solution as opposed to NaOH (for 100 h only).

The nickel electroplating of AZ91 magnesium alloy was explored with and without employing surface pretreatment. The plating process refrained from using hazardous elements namely fluoride, chromium and copper or zinc undercoat. The electroplating was achieved at 25–70 °C and 25 mA cm−2 after applying surface pretreatments and Ni-P interlayer. Electrochemical and salt spray tests revealed large enhancement in corrosion resistance of 15 μm thick coating obtained at 70 °C bath temperature. The pretreatment involved phosphoric acid followed by NaOH produced superior coating to nickel carbonate followed by carbonate silicate bath, which is explained based on the porosity and hydrogen activity on the surface.

Let R be prime ring of characteristic different from 2 and F, G, and H are generalized derivations on R. Let U be Utumi quotient ring of R with extended centroid C and f(x1,…,xn) be a multilinear p...

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2 and F a b-generalized derivation on R. Let U be Utumi quotient ring of R with extended centroid C and f (x1,..., xn) be a multilinear polynomial over C which is not central valued on R. Suppose that d is a non zero derivation on R such that d([F(f(r)), f(r)]) ? C for all r = (r1,..., rn) ? Rn, then one of the following holds: (1) there exist a ? U, ? ? C such that F(x) = ax + ?x + xa for all x ? R and f (x1,..., xn)2 is central valued on R, (2) there exists ? ? C such that F(x) = ?x for all x ? R.

This paper presents a numerical simulation of temperature distribution in magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 plates due to Friction Stir Welding. For this aim, a model based on finite elements, using Lagrangian formulation is implemented in Ansys Parametric Design Language. Temperature-dependent material characteristics and a temperature-dependent coefficient of friction are implied by the model, using theoretical mathematical formulae. In addition to this, heat generation is also considered. This model is validated with the experiment and showed a good agreement. The maximum temperature results obtained are at the rotational speeds of 1500 and 1600 rpm with feed rates varying as 80,100,120 mm/min. The deviation between experimental maximum temperature and theoretical was observed as an average value of 4 per cent. The maximum temperatures are lesser than the melting point temperature of AZ31B alloy.

Groundwater resources are affected in principle by three major activities. First is excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural areas. The second is untreated/partially treated wastewater to the soil/water and the third one is excessive pumping and improper management of aquifers. Due to large-scale urban growth which has triggered domestic effluents and on the other hand industrial development activities has resulted in the generation of a copious volume of industrial effluents directly and indirectly contaminate the groundwater. In a drinking water quality assessment, the decision-making based on water quality data is a crucial issue because several parameters compromise its quality. There has been considerable advancement in the field of water quality assessment particularly based on the principle of the water quality index (WQI) using modified concepts. The study area which includes part of Varanasi and Sant Ravidas Nagar districts are centers for urban growth along with industrial setup in Uttar Pradesh, India. Water quality index (WQI) is an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered for calculation. 50 numbers of groundwater samples were collected from various locations in the study area as per the standard protocol prescribed by the American Public Health Association (APHA). Twenty-two water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), nitrates (NO3−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chlorides (Cl−), sulphates (SO4−), fluorides (F−), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and the calculation of the water quality index (WQI). Correlation study among various physicochemical properties also reflects certain significant negative relationships. The current study shows that 50% of the collected water samples are non-suitable for the drinking water category and the rest is falling under the good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the Water Quality Index (WQI) classification. The present study is quite helpful for the proper planning and management of available water resources for drinking purposes.