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About 30% of all bacterial proteins execute their function outside of the cytosol and must be inserted into or translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane. This requires efficient targeting systems that recognize N‐terminal signal sequences in client proteins and deliver them to protein transport complexes in the membrane. While the importance of these protein transport machineries for the spatial organization of the bacterial cell is well documented in multiple studies, the contribution of mRNA targeting and localized translation to protein transport is only beginning to emerge. mRNAs can exhibit diverse subcellular localizations in the bacterial cell and can accumulate at sites where new protein is required. This is frequently observed for mRNAs encoding membrane proteins, but the physiological importance of membrane enrichment of mRNAs and the consequences it has for the insertion of the encoded protein have not been explored in detail. Here, we briefly highlight some basic concepts of signal sequence‐based protein targeting and describe in more detail strategies that enable the monitoring of mRNA localization in bacterial cells and potential mechanisms that route mRNAs to particular positions within the cell. Finally, we summarize some recent developments that demonstrate that mRNA targeting and localized translation can sustain membrane protein insertion under stress conditions when the protein‐targeting machinery is compromised. Thus, mRNA targeting likely acts as a back‐up strategy and complements the canonical signal sequence‐based protein targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon epitaxy is an essential building block in the manufacturing of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Accurate determination of epitaxial layer thickness is indispensable for a uniform and reproducible process. In this paper, we compare thickness values of the transition zone (TZ) in silicon epitaxial wafers obtained by two of Semilab's production‐compatible electrical and optical characterization techniques: Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) reflectometry and spreading resistance profiling (SRP). We demonstrate a high correlation between TZ thicknesses obtained from the optical modeling of FTIR reflectance spectra and SRP profiles. The dependence of TZ thickness change on the high‐temperature annealing steps is also examined. FTIR reflectometry thus offers a quick, contactless alternative for obtaining structural parameters of an epitaxial layer, and these values can be well matched to those given by SRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Society for Modern Stomatology / Kindai Kōkū Kagaku Kenkyūkai Zasshi is the property of Society for Modern Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current landscape of higher education, the quality of teaching plays a crucial role in supporting the comprehensive development of students. To ensure the effectiveness of the learning process, evaluating lecturers based on student opinions is an essential means of providing feedback and optimizing the learning experience. This paper focuses on constructing a lecturer ranking system, particularly in the context of a specific course through the evaluation process from students. Four different methods were employed to assess lecturers, including the PSI method, SRP method, RAM method, and PIV method. The evaluation results using these four methods were compared with each other and also with the traditional evaluation approach currently utilized in the educational institution. The achieved results demonstrate that the approach outlined in this paper is highly suitable for determining the rankings of lecturers when teaching individual courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The signal sequence played a crucial role in the efficacy of mRNA vaccines against virus pandemic by influencing antigen translation. However, limited research had been conducted to compare and analyze the specific mechanisms involved. In this study, a novel approach was introduced by substituting the signal sequence of the mRNA antigen to enhance its immune response. Computational simulations demonstrated that various signal peptides differed in their binding capacities with the signal recognition particle (SRP) 54 M subunit, which positively correlated with antigen translation efficiency. Our data revealed that the signal sequences of tPA and IL-6-modified receptor binding domain (RBD) mRNA vaccines sequentially led to higher antigen expression and elicited more robust humoral and cellular immune protection against the SARS-CoV-2 compared to the original signal sequence. By highlighting the importance of the signal sequence, this research provided a foundational and safe approach for ongoing modifications in signal sequence-antigen design, aiming to optimize the efficacy of mRNA vaccines.

The DEAD-box RNA helicase Ded1 is an essential yeast protein involved in translation initiation that belongs to the DDX3 subfamily. The purified Ded1 protein is an ATP-dependent RNA-binding protein and an RNA-dependent ATPase, but it was previously found to lack substrate specificity and enzymatic regulation. Here we demonstrate through yeast genetics, yeast extract pull-down experiments, in situ localization, and in vitro biochemical approaches that Ded1 is associated with, and regulated by, the signal recognition particle (SRP), which is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex required for the co-translational translocation of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and membrane. Ded1 is physically associated with SRP components in vivo and in vitro. Ded1 is genetically linked with SRP proteins. Finally, the enzymatic activity of Ded1 is inhibited by SRP21 in the presence of SCR1 RNA. We propose a model where Ded1 actively participates in the translocation of proteins during translation. Our results provide a new understanding of the role of Ded1 during translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that causes nephrosis, including acute kidney injury. To prevent and treat acute kidney injury (AKI) following Cd exposure, a tripeptide, Ser-Arg-Pro (SRP), from Sipunculus nudus L. was employed, and its potential efficacy in AKI was assessed. Oral administration of SRP significantly alleviated Cd-induced kidney damage, leading to improved renal function and the attenuation of structural abnormalities. A network pharmacology analysis revealed the potential of SRP in renal protection by targeting various pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, inflammatory response, and apoptosis pathways. Mechanistic studies indicated that SRP achieves renal protection by inhibiting the activation of MAPK pathways (phosphorylation of p38, p56, ERK, and JNK) in the oxidative stress cascade, suppressing inflammatory responses (iNOS, Arg1, Cox2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and restoring altered apoptosis factors (caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2). Hence, SRP has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signal sequence played a crucial role in the efficacy of mRNA vaccines against virus pandemic by influencing antigen translation. However, limited research had been conducted to compare and analyze the specific mechanisms involved. In this study, a novel approach was introduced by substituting the signal sequence of the mRNA antigen to enhance its immune response. Computational simulations demonstrated that various signal peptides differed in their binding capacities with the signal recognition particle (SRP) 54 M subunit, which positively correlated with antigen translation efficiency. Our data revealed that the signal sequences of tPA and IL-6-modified receptor binding domain (RBD) mRNA vaccines sequentially led to higher antigen expression and elicited more robust humoral and cellular immune protection against the SARS-CoV-2 compared to the original signal sequence. By highlighting the importance of the signal sequence, this research provided a foundational and safe approach for ongoing modifications in signal sequence-antigen design, aiming to optimize the efficacy of mRNA vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root surface biomodification has been used to treat gingival recession and periodontitis. For example, to improve treatment efficacy of gingival recessions (GR), chemical preparation of the exposed root surface is advocated. The principle for this procedure is to remove the smear layer from the root surfaces, which leads to exposition of surface collagen fibers and improved healing. The aim of present article is to evaluate the importance of root surface biomodification after scaling and root planing (SRP) and a comparative review of various root conditioning agents. The review was written during the search for English-language literature in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. 104 literary sources were identified during the literature review. After excluding publications that did not meet the inclusion search criteria, the total number of included articles has become 55. The instrumented root surface is always covered by a smear layer, containing remnants of dental calculus, contaminated root cementum, bacterial endotoxin and subgingival plaque after the scaling and root planning procedure. The root conditioning agents, described in this study, were found to be effective in the removal of the smear layer, able to produce uncovering and widening the dentin tubules, and unmasking the dentin collagen matrix. Within the limits of this study, the most frequently used conditioning agents are tetracycline, EDTA, and citric acid; among them Tetracycline HCL is the most reliable agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dijkstra's algorithm (DA) is a very popular approach for finding the shortest route (SR) in the shortest route problem (SRP). The SRP becomes a challenging and complex problem in real life scenarios. The Fermatean neutrosophic set is a mathematical model that combines Fermatean sets with neutrosophic sets. It can handle the unclear, ambiguous, inconsistent, confusing, and uncertain information that comes from real-world problems. Decision-makers face difficulty accurately determining the precise membership (MG) and non membership levels due to the lack of appropriate data available. The FNS can handle this problem. In this study, we consider the interval FNS to describe the arc weight of a neutrosophic graph (NG). This SRP is called an interval Fermatean neutrosophic shortest route problem (IFNSRP). A modified DA is presented to solve this IFNSRP in an uncertain environment. The effectiveness of the presented method is illustrated with a numerical instance of a neutrosophic network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of sustainable practices in decision making in supply chain operations among rice farmers and other stakeholders in Nigeria could be an effective tool to drive food security. The triple bottom line identifies the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability. These could be harnessed to improve the supply chain of locally produced rice, ultimately improving food security in the region. This paper adopts a quantitative method that uses 21 criteria from the three sustainability dimensions to measure rice stakeholders' decision-making activities against sustainable rice practices (SRPs) using a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process multi-criteria decision-making approach. The findings reveal that decisions with regard to water usage, supplier diversity, and a safe working environment were ranked high, while government intervention, quality assurance, transparency, and power usage ranked low. This implies that improved performance of other stakeholders across the rice value chain such as the government and extension officers would enhance productivity and drive food security in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water with NSPT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in treating chronic periodontitis. Settings and Design: The current study is a double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Methods and Material: A total of 30 patients aged 25 to 55 years were divided randomly into two groups having probing pocket depths of ≥ 5 mm. Full mouth SRP were performed in group 1 followed by additional sub-gingival irrigation of ozonated water in group 2. Assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) was performed at baseline and six months. Microbiologic assessment with real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for Dialister pneumosintes and Micromonas micros by collecting plaque samples. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were subjected to statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Software version 21. The results were presented under the headings of various parameters considered for this study. Results: The results revealed that there was a reduction in PI, GI, PD, CAL, and microbiologic parameters in both groups following SRP; the results were more significant in group 2 treated by sub-gingival irrigation with ozonated water, when compared with SRP alone in group 1. Also, it was noted that there was a statistically significant reduction of M. micros compared to D. pneumosintes in the ozone-treated group. Conclusions: The Subgingival irrigation of ozonated water in conjunction with SRP has beneficial effects in treating patients with chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, characterized by distinct pathogens which results in the destruction of periodontal tissues. Early identification of periodontal pathogens can aid in the rationale of conservative treatment approaches. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is one of the rapid methods for easy identification of microbial pathogens. Nano biofusion (NBF)gel contains nanoparticles which are efficient in rapidly penetrating the cells possessing special property of substantivity, antimicrobial, and anti inflammatory activity. Chlorhexidine gel(CHX gel) has long been used in dentistry and exhibits bacteriostatic, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence present study aimed to compare clinical and microbiological effectiveness of locally delivered NBF gel and chlorhexidine gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Microbiological assessment was done suing Fluorescent In situ Hybridisation (FISH) technology to visualize, identify and quantitate Porphyromonas gingivalis (known Periodontal pathogen), Filifactor Alocis, Synergistes species (Novel pathogens). METHODOLOGY: The study sample consisted of 75 sites from Chronic periodontitis patients of both genders within the age group of 30-60 years. Study samples were divided into 3 treatment groups based on their inclusion and exclusion criteria as Group A, Group B and Group C. GROUP A comprised of 25 sites which received Full mouth scaling and root planing alone. GROUP B comprised of 25 sites which received Full mouth scaling and root planing followed by NBF gel application. GROUP C comprised of 25 sites which received full mouth scaling and root planing followed by CHX gel application. Patients in all the three groups were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks interval and clinical parameters such as plaque index, Modified sulcular bleeding index(MSBI), Probing pocket depth(PPD) and clinical attachment level(CAL) were recorded. Subgingival samples were collected from 10 sites of each group(GROUP A, GROUP B, GROUP C) at baseline and after 6 weeks and the microbiological analysis were carried to visualize, identify and quantitate Porphyromonas gingivalis (known Periodontal pathogen), Filifactor Alocis, Synergistes species (Novel pathogens) from all the three groups using Fluorescent In situ Hybridisation (FISH) technology. RESULTS: In the present study, group B(SRP + NBF gel) and group C (SRP+CHX gel) showed progressive improvements in all the clinical and microbiological parameters on evaluated time periods. However group C (SRP+CHX) has Shown significantly higher improvement in reducing the bacterial count as compared to Group B(SRP+NBF gel) and Group A(SRP alone). In NBF gel, the NBF of propolis along withVitamin C and Vitamin E has brought about the tremendous improvement in periodontal health of the patients. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate present in hexigel has both bacteriostatic abactericidal activity and also exhibits antiin flammatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial condition that impacts the support tissues of the teeth. The purpose of the research was to correlate the results obtained in the treatment of patients with at least stage II periodontitis by scaling and root planing alone (SRP), or by the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP), and to assess the outcomes and patients' perceptions regarding the influence of these therapies on their quality of life by using The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Materials and methods: The oral cavities of 15 patients were divided into quadrants, and, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two quadrants were allocated to one of the groups after the effectuated therapy: SRP or LANAP. The patient's periodontal status (VPI, PPD, BOP, and CAL) was assessed and filed in a periodontal chart at baseline and 6 weeks after the implementation of the treatments, along with the OHIP-14 questionnaire. SRP was conducted for the first group of patients, in the selected quadrant and in the two remaining quadrants that were not included in the study. The LANAP protocol was applied to the quadrant belonging to the second group (LANAP) using a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (Lightwalker AT-S, Fotona®, Slovenia). Results: The results showed that both noninvasive treatments are effective in diminishing VPI, PPD, BOP, and CAL in periodontal patients, and the scores obtained 6 weeks after the end of the periodontal treatments determined the improvement of the patient's perception in the questionnaire. Conclusion: Both the association of the Nd: YAG laser with scaling and root planing (LANAP) and SRP alone provided safe and efficient outcomes, resulting in high levels of satisfaction among patients at 6 weeks after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Young Intellectuals / Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Young Intellectuals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In mouse primary visual cortex (V1), familiar stimuli evoke significantly altered responses when compared with novel stimuli. This stimulus-selective response plasticity (SRP) was described originally as an increase in the magnitude of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited in layer 4 (L4) by familiar phase-reversing grating stimuli. SRP is dependent on NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and has been hypothesized to reflect potentiation of thalamocortical (TC) synapses in L4. However, recent evidence indicates that the synaptic modifications that manifest as SRP do not occur on L4 principal cells. To shed light on where and how SRP is induced and expressed in male and female mice, the present study had three related aims: (1) to confirm that NMDAR are required specifically in glutamatergic principal neurons of V1, (2) to investigate the consequences of deleting NMDAR specifically in L6, and (3) to use translaminar electrophysiological recordings to characterize SRP expression in different layers of V1. We find that knock-out (KO) of NMDAR in L6 principal neurons disrupts SRP. Current-source density (CSD) analysis of the VEP depth profile shows augmentation of short latency current sinks in layers 3, 4, and 6 in response to phase reversals of familiar stimuli. Multiunit recordings demonstrate that increased peak firing occurs in response to phase reversals of familiar stimuli across all layers, but that activity between phase reversals is suppressed. Together, these data reveal important aspects of the underlying phenomenology of SRP and generate new hypotheses for the expression of experience-dependent plasticity in V1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that causes nephrosis, including acute kidney injury. To prevent and treat acute kidney injury (AKI) following Cd exposure, a tripeptide, Ser-Arg-Pro (SRP), from Sipunculus nudus L. was employed, and its potential efficacy in AKI was assessed. Oral administration of SRP significantly alleviated Cd-induced kidney damage, leading to improved renal function and the attenuation of structural abnormalities. A network pharmacology analysis revealed the potential of SRP in renal protection by targeting various pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, inflammatory response, and apoptosis pathways. Mechanistic studies indicated that SRP achieves renal protection by inhibiting the activation of MAPK pathways (phosphorylation of p38, p56, ERK, and JNK) in the oxidative stress cascade, suppressing inflammatory responses (iNOS, Arg1, Cox2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and restoring altered apoptosis factors (caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2). Hence, SRP has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.

The DEAD-box RNA helicase Ded1 is an essential yeast protein involved in translation initiation that belongs to the DDX3 subfamily. The purified Ded1 protein is an ATP-dependent RNA-binding protein and an RNA-dependent ATPase, but it was previously found to lack substrate specificity and enzymatic regulation. Here we demonstrate through yeast genetics, yeast extract pull-down experiments, in situ localization, and in vitro biochemical approaches that Ded1 is associated with, and regulated by, the signal recognition particle (SRP), which is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex required for the co-translational translocation of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and membrane. Ded1 is physically associated with SRP components in vivo and in vitro. Ded1 is genetically linked with SRP proteins. Finally, the enzymatic activity of Ded1 is inhibited by SRP21 in the presence of SCR1 RNA. We propose a model where Ded1 actively participates in the translocation of proteins during translation. Our results provide a new understanding of the role of Ded1 during translation.

Objective This article evaluates the salivary trefoil factor levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and clinical parameters in stage I to II periodontitis subjects. Materials and Method A total of 44 subjects with periodontitis and healthy periodontium were enrolled for the study as per the inclusion criteria. The subjects were selected and categorized as group A (control group) and group B (test group). Scaling was performed on healthy subjects at baseline and 1 month if necessary and scaling and root planing was performed for periodontitis subjects. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) levels was analyzed at first and post-nonsurgical periodontal therapy followed by clinical parameters, respectively. Statistical Analysis Inferential statistics were performed using independent t -test and repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Independent t -test was used for the intergroup comparison of all the variables. Repeated measures of ANOVA test along with post hoc Bonferroni test was used for the intragroup comparison and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.001. Results Difference in TFF3 levels and clinical parameters was seen between groups A and B, which was statistically significant. Conclusion Within the constraints of the study, it can be stated that TFF3 is a relevant biomarker to determine the activity and association of periodontal and systemic diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two therapeutic procedures clinically and microbiologically in the management of periodontally affected teeth: scaling and root planing alone and the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP). Molecular biological determinations of bacterial markers through the polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method with standard PET tests (species-specific DNA probes at a time) were used for the quantification of three of the most important periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola). Both nonsurgical periodontal therapies were proven effective in patients with chronic periodontal disease; however, LANAP was associated with a greater reduction in pocket depth and improved clinical outcomes, associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The clinical results included a decrease in periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and dental plaque, with LANAP having better overall outcomes than SRP alone. The use of Nd:YAG lasers in LANAP therapy is a safe and effective procedure that is well accepted by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scaling and root planing with systemic doxycycline had an effect on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients, according to the results of a glycosylated hemoglobin assay. The trial was conducted to determine whether periodontal therapy affected blood sugar regulation as a result of this finding. Methods: A total of 60 people with type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus not caused by insulin deficiency) were split into three groups. Group I (control group) consists of patients who are only taking an oral anti-diabetic medication. Patients on an oral anti-diabetic drug plus scaling and root planing make up group II. Patients on an oral anti-diabetic drug, scaling, root planing, and doxycycline constitute Group III. The patients were re-evaluated for glycated hemoglobin levels and periodontal status using the clinical parameters of gingival index by Loe and Silness and clinical attachment level at baseline, 30th, 60th, and 90th day. Results: Compared with group II, the findings showed a statistically significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin values (p =0.001) and improvements in clinical attachment level (p =0.022, 0.05) and gingival index (p = 0.009.,01) in group III. In the control group (group I), no such finding was made. The average gingival index, however, increased statistically significantly (p = 0.032, 0.05). Conclusion: Various studies have been showing the benefits of non-surgical periodontal therapy as a benefit for improving the overall glycemic status of the patient. Non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy combined with systemic administration of antimicrobials such as doxycycline enhances the metabolic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients better than non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The most common treatment procedure for periodontitis and gingivitis is scaling and root planing, which is perceived as a painful dental treatment. The current study aimed to assess pain perception and analgesics consumption after scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with stage II and stage III periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Before starting the SRP, all the periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured. The anxiety level of the patients was also assessed using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) questionnaire. Pain perception of the patients was recorded with the visual analog scale (VAS) after performing the SRP. Patients were asked to mark their pain level on the VAS sheet after two hours, four hours, eight hours, 24 h, and 48 h after the periodontal treatment. The following cut-off points were used for the pain intensity in the VAS: 0 = no pain, 1–4 = mild pain, 4–6 = moderate pain, and 7–10 = severe pain. Patients were advised to take analgesics if the pain was intolerable. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to conduct the association of all dependent variables and the pain perception of patients. A nonparametric Friedman test was conducted to assess pain perception at different times. Results: A total of 52 patients including 32 males and 20 females participated in the current study, with a mean age of 43.10 ± 12.33 years. Multivariate analyses showed that MDAS and analgesic consumption is significantly associated with pain perception. Other clinical variables are not associated with pain perception. The Friedman test exhibited that pain perception is significantly associated (p < 0.05) with time. Conclusions: Analgesic consumption and anxiety level are significantly associated with pain perception after SRP treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production measurement plays a vital role in the daily management of unconventional oil wells. It enables reservoir managers to gain a comprehensive understanding of reservoir changes and facilitates dynamic analysis and scientific development plans for the unconventional oil field. This paper focuses on accurately measuring well production by tracking over 300 sucker rod pumps (SRPs) in an experimental area of an oil field. The study utilizes easily obtainable continuous electrical parameters and real-time well production as training parameters. Accurate identification of the top and bottom dead points of the power curve is crucial in converting the power curve into the SRP's dynamometer card. To achieve this, FFT is employed to extract single-period data from multi-period data. Subsequently, the top and bottom dead points are identified. The SRP electric power curve and corresponding real-time production data are segregated into samples based on the stroke cycle time, resulting in 200,000 valid samples. Deep learning techniques are then applied to classify the production state of pumping wells. FFT and statistical feature extraction are performed on the electric curve, and deep learning is utilized with the production parameters as input vectors and the well fluid production as output results. Through extensive training, a big-data-based SRP production calculation model is established, and subsequently used to calculate the production of SRPs in the experimental area of northeastern China's oil field. The model is validated against actual production data. For low-yield wells with a daily production less than 6 m 3 /d, the model error remains below 0.5 m 3 /d. Additionally, the relative error for high-yield wells surpassing 6 m 3 /d stays under 10%, meeting the expectations of managers. This big data production measurement model serves as a valuable tool for operators to optimize the production system and detect oil well faults. Particularly in a low oil price environment, this method helps managers reduce costs and improve efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scaling and root planing with systemic doxycycline had an effect on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients, according to the results of a glycosylated hemoglobin assay. The trial was conducted to determine whether periodontal therapy affected blood sugar regulation as a result of this finding. Methods: A total of 60 people with type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus not caused by insulin deficiency) were split into three groups. Group I (control group) consists of patients who are only taking an oral anti-diabetic medication. Patients on an oral anti-diabetic drug plus scaling and root planing make up group II. Patients on an oral anti-diabetic drug, scaling, root planing, and doxycycline constitute Group III. The patients were re-evaluated for glycated hemoglobin levels and periodontal status using the clinical parameters of gingival index by Loe and Silness and clinical attachment level at baseline, 30th, 60th, and 90th day. Results: Compared with group II, the findings showed a statistically significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin values (p =0.001) and improvements in clinical attachment level (p =0.022, 0.05) and gingival index (p = 0.009.,01) in group III. In the control group (group I), no such finding was made. The average gingival index, however, increased statistically significantly (p = 0.032, 0.05). Conclusion: Various studies have been showing the benefits of non-surgical periodontal therapy as a benefit for improving the overall glycemic status of the patient. Non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy combined with systemic administration of antimicrobials such as doxycycline enhances the metabolic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients better than non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy alone.

In recent years, there have been efforts to enhance traditional warrior-oriented police academy training with guardian law enforcement curricula that include a focus on building skills related to empathy, respect, and understanding in police-community interactions. Little is known about how officer characteristics influence training effects. Of particular importance, prior studies have not examined the role of personality traits on elements of police law enforcement training that focus on empathy in police-community interactions. This study used a pre-post survey design to examine the relationship between personality traits and police training effects among new recruits in an evaluation of guardian training at the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) in Washington State (n = 344). Results indicate that personality traits associated with lack of empathy, as measured by the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF), moderate the effects of training on negative police subculture and guardianship-empathy, with recruits scoring higher on the SRP-SF demonstrating less change (e.g., training effects) within these domains. Implications for police training and discussion of the assessment of personality traits in pre-employment police candidate screening are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a type of inflammatory myopathy. Most patients with IMNM produce anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase or anti-signal-recognition particle autoantibodies. IMNM is much rarer in children than in adults. We conducted this mini review focusing on pediatric IMNM to present current evidence regarding its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. Our findings indicate that pediatric IMNM often causes severe muscle weakness and is refractory to corticosteroids alone. Furthermore, delayed diagnosis is common because of the clinicopathological similarity between IMNM and inherited myopathy. Raising awareness regarding pediatric IMNM may facilitate early diagnosis and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a solution to deorbit a plate-like spacecraft by exploiting a Solar and Thermal Radiation Pressure (STRP) resonance, more specifically the STRP- J 2 - ϕ resonance in semi-major axis, by using attitude control to enforce the resonance at all time. The feasibility of the strategy is verified in a realistic environment modelled by the coupled orbit-attitude propagator D-SPOSE where the full dynamics is propagated by including STRP, gravitational and atmospheric perturbing accelerations and torques. The strategy is compared to three alternate deorbitation strategies; one is our previous solution based on eccentricity resonance and the other two solutions are from prior literature and involve a bang–bang approach to either lower the orbit's semi-major axis or to increase its eccentricity. Finally, a power/energy analysis is performed to assess the feasibility of the resonance and bang–bang semi-major axis deorbitation schemes. • A resonance in semi-major axis can be generated through appropriate attitude control. • Deorbitation using STRP via a decrease is often more efficient than via e increase. • a resonance for deorbitation is suitable for spacecraft with large A / m. • Power required to enforce proper attitude motion for a resonance is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Understanding how energy moves through food webs and limits productivity at various trophic levels is a central question in aquatic ecology and can provide insight into drivers of fish population dynamics since many fish populations are food limited. In this study, we seek to better understand what factors drove a decline of >85% in the number of Rainbow TroutOncorhynchus mykiss found in the tailwater portion of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam during 2012–2016. Methods: We estimate the production of dominant prey using data from previously published studies of Rainbow Trout abundance and growth alongside drift and diet samples. We test how prey production correlates to both proximate (e.g., nutrients) and distal (e.g., limnological conditions in the upriver reservoir) drivers. Result: Results suggest that gross consumption of invertebrate prey by the Rainbow Trout population declined from an annual mean of 423 to 69 kg/d. Daily production rates of dominant prey in aggregate declined from a high of 0.173 to 0.018 g·m−2·d−1. Chironomids accounted for 70% of the decline in prey production. Foraging efficiency by Rainbow Trout (range, 0.99–0.67) was high across the range of prey production rates. After the Rainbow Trout population had declined by ~90%, prey consumption saturated at higher rates of prey production and the gross quantity of daily drift exported from the reach increased from 8.9 to 12.7 kg/d. Conclusion: Rainbow Trout population dynamics are largely influenced by changes in prey production, which is itself driven by soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the reservoir. The SRP model predicted that prey production would increase by 32 kg/d (SE, 9) for each 1 μg/L increase in SRP. These concentrations were indirectly influenced by reservoir hydrology and biogeochemistry, linkages that may extend far beyond the confines of this tailwater fishery and into the downstream reaches of the Grand Canyon's Colorado River ecosystem. Impact Statement: We combined Rainbow Trout diet, growth, and abundance estimates with concentrations of drifting invertebrates to estimate the biomass of Rainbow Trout prey produced over time. Trends in prey biomass production track trends in phosphorous concentrations in the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prevención de enfermedades infecciosas mediante la inmunización se considera uno de los mayores logros de la salud pública. Las reacciones adversas a las vacunas son muy variadas, desde una leve reacción local hasta reacciones sistemicas graves. La meningitis post-vacunal se define por: criterios clínicos (fiebre, vómitos, irritabilidad o cefalea 15 a 35 días después de la vacunación), de laboratorio (pleocitosis linfocítica, tinción de Gram y cultivo bacteriológico de LCR negativos), confirmación virológica de la etiología de la meningitis (cultivo de LCR positivo para el virus parotídeo y determinación molecular de la cepa aislada). En esta revisión describimos el caso de un lactante masculino de 1 año de edad, quien ingresó por presentar primo-convulsión febril con antecedente de inmunización con SRP 3 semanas previas.

The bonding of steel/fiber-reinforced polymer (SRP/FRP) laminate strips to concrete/masonry elements has been found to be an effective and efficient technology for improving the elements' strength and stiffness. However, premature laminate–substrate debonding is commonly observed in laboratory tests, which prevents the laminate from reaching its ultimate strength, and this creates uncertainty with respect to the level of strengthening that can be achieved. Therefore, for the safe and effective application of this technology, a close estimate of the debonding load is necessary. Towards this end, in this paper, a new, relatively simple, semi-analytic model is presented to determine the debonding load and the laminate stress and deformation, as well as the interfacial slip, for concrete substrates bonded to SRP/FRP and subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading. In the model, a bond-slip law with a linearly softening branch is combined with an elasto-plastic stress-strain relationship for SRP. The model results are compared with available experimental data from single-lap shear tests, with good agreement between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sec61 complex is the major protein translocation channel of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it plays a central role in the biogenesis of membrane and secretory proteins. Whilst Sec61‐mediated protein translocation is typically coupled to polypeptide synthesis, suggestive of significant complexity, an obvious characteristic of this core translocation machinery is its surprising simplicity. Over thirty years after its initial discovery, we now understand that the Sec61 complex is in fact the central piece of an elaborate jigsaw puzzle, which can be partly solved using new research findings. We propose that the Sec61 complex acts as a dynamic hub for co‐translational protein translocation at the ER, proactively recruiting a range of accessory complexes that enhance and regulate its function in response to different protein clients. It is now clear that the Sec61 complex does not have a monopoly on co‐translational insertion, with some transmembrane proteins preferentially utilising the ER membrane complex instead. We also have a better understanding of post‐insertion events, where at least one membrane‐embedded chaperone complex can capture the newly inserted transmembrane domains of multi‐span proteins and co‐ordinate their assembly into a native structure. Having discovered this array of Sec61‐associated components and competitors, our next challenge is to understand how they act together in order to expand the range and complexity of the membrane proteins that can be synthesised at the ER. Furthermore, this diversity of components and pathways may open up new opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions designed to selectively modulate protein biogenesis at the ER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients suffering from immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM) harbor, the pathognomonic myositis‐specific auto‐antibodies anti‐SRP54 or ‐HMGCR, while about one third of them do not. Activation of chaperone‐assisted autophagy was described as being part of the molecular etiology of IMNM. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)‐stress accompanied by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) often precedes activation of the protein clearance machinery and represents a cellular defense mechanism toward restoration of proteostasis. Here, we show that ER/SR‐stress may be part of the molecular etiology of IMNM. To address this assumption, ER/SR‐stress related key players covering the three known branches (PERK‐mediated, IRE1‐mediated, and ATF6‐mediated) were investigated on both, the transcript and the protein levels utilizing 39 muscle biopsy specimens derived from IMNM‐patients. Our results demonstrate an activation of all three UPR‐branches in IMNM, which most likely precedes the activation of the protein clearance machinery. In detail, we identified increased phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2a along with increased expression and protein abundance of ATF4, all well‐documented characteristics for the activation of the UPR. Further, we identified increased general XBP1‐level, and elevated XBP1 protein levels. Additionally, our transcript studies revealed an increased ATF6‐expression, which was confirmed by immunostaining studies indicating a myonuclear translocation of the cleaved ATF6‐form toward the forced transcription of UPR‐related chaperones. In accordance with that, our data demonstrate an increase of downstream factors including ER/SR co‐chaperones and chaperones (e.g., SIL1) indicating an UPR‐activation on a broader level with no significant differences between seropositive and seronegative patients. Taken together, one might assume that UPR‐activation within muscle fibers might not only serve to restore protein homeostasis, but also enhance sarcolemmal presentation of proteins crucial for attracting immune cells. Since modulation of ER‐stress and UPR via application of chemical chaperones became a promising therapeutic treatment approach, our findings might represent the starting point for new interventional concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two therapeutic procedures clinically and microbiologically in the management of periodontally affected teeth: scaling and root planing alone and the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP). Molecular biological determinations of bacterial markers through the polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method with standard PET tests (species-specific DNA probes at a time) were used for the quantification of three of the most important periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola). Both nonsurgical periodontal therapies were proven effective in patients with chronic periodontal disease; however, LANAP was associated with a greater reduction in pocket depth and improved clinical outcomes, associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The clinical results included a decrease in periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and dental plaque, with LANAP having better overall outcomes than SRP alone. The use of Nd:YAG lasers in LANAP therapy is a safe and effective procedure that is well accepted by patients.

This study evaluated the effects of diode and erbium lasers, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), on clinical and immunological parameters in non-surgical periodontal therapy. In this split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial, 17 participants with at least one periodontally involved tooth in each quadrant received oral hygiene instruction and full-mouth SRP. At baseline, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and full-mouth plaque index (FMPI) were measured, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling was performed. Next, one random quadrant in each participant received 940 nm diode laser (1 W, continuous-wave), and another quadrant received 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1.5 W, 30 Hz) irradiation. The GCF levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 were measured at baseline, and after 2 and 6 months using ELISA. The clinical parameters were also measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Significant clinical improvement was noted in all groups (P < 0.05). CAL in the control group was higher at 6 months than 2 months. The increase in IL-10 in erbium group was significantly greater than that in other groups (P < 0.001). The MMP-13 level was significantly lower in laser groups with greater reduction in erbium group (P < 0.001). Application of 940 nm diode and 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG lasers as an adjunct to SRP significantly decreased the GCF level of MMP-13, with no significant clinical advantage over SRP monotherapy. Application of 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser in addition to SRP increased the GCF level of IL-10. Trial registration numbers: IRCT20140318017053N11 and IRCT20140318017053N9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the short-term efficacy of combined erbium-doped: yttrium aluminum and garnet (Er:YAG) and neodymium-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers for the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis, providing a reliable basis for whether this clinical treatment can be applied in clinical practice. Materials and methods: Thirty patients with periodontitis are chosen for this study. A split-mouth design was used; the left and right quadrants of the oral cavity are randomly assigned to one treatment: combined Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser treatment (laser group) or scaling and root planing (SRP) group. Data on probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding index, and subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples are collected in the basement, for 1 and 3 months. The levels of red complexes in subgingival plaque and cytokines in gingival sulcus fluid were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: At 1 and 3 months of follow-up, all clinical parameters in the two groups are significantly improved; there is a statistically remarkable difference between the laser group and SRP group (p < 0.001). Matrix metalloproteinase 8 levels in the laser group are notably lower than those in the SRP group 3 months after treatment (p < 0.001). At any point in time, the levels of red complexes in the laser group showed no additional advantage over those in the SRP group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser combined therapy on periodontitis have advantages in controlling periodontal inflammation and improving clinical symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The most common treatment procedure for periodontitis and gingivitis is scaling and root planing, which is perceived as a painful dental treatment. The current study aimed to assess pain perception and analgesics consumption after scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with stage II and stage III periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Before starting the SRP, all the periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured. The anxiety level of the patients was also assessed using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) questionnaire. Pain perception of the patients was recorded with the visual analog scale (VAS) after performing the SRP. Patients were asked to mark their pain level on the VAS sheet after two hours, four hours, eight hours, 24 h, and 48 h after the periodontal treatment. The following cut-off points were used for the pain intensity in the VAS: 0 = no pain, 1–4 = mild pain, 4–6 = moderate pain, and 7–10 = severe pain. Patients were advised to take analgesics if the pain was intolerable. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to conduct the association of all dependent variables and the pain perception of patients. A nonparametric Friedman test was conducted to assess pain perception at different times. Results: A total of 52 patients including 32 males and 20 females participated in the current study, with a mean age of 43.10 ± 12.33 years. Multivariate analyses showed that MDAS and analgesic consumption is significantly associated with pain perception. Other clinical variables are not associated with pain perception. The Friedman test exhibited that pain perception is significantly associated (p < 0.05) with time. Conclusions: Analgesic consumption and anxiety level are significantly associated with pain perception after SRP treatment.

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes play important, but incompletely understood, roles in various cellular processes, notably translation and gene regulation. A recent report on the detection of the ncRNA Signal Recognition Particle gene in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of several species of three genera of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes prompted a more thorough bioinformatics search for additional ncRNA genes in the full fungal ribosomal operon. This study reports on the detection of three ncRNA genes hitherto not known from the fungal ribosomal region: nuclear RNase P RNA, RNase MRP RNA, and a possible snoRNA U14 in a total of five species of Auricularia and Inocybe. We verified their presence through resequencing of independent specimens. Two completed Auricularia genomes were found to lack these ncRNAs elsewhere than in the ribosomal operon, suggesting that these are functional genes. It seems clear that ncRNA genes play a larger role in fungal ribosomal genetics than hitherto thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontitis and its negative effects on systemic health can affect patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycemic management in particular. The chronic inflammatory response elicited in response to the bacterial biofilm present in individuals with periodontitis may propagate the chronic inflammation seen in patients with T2DM. Types of studies: This review focuses on current literature exploring the management of periodontitis through pharmacological agents and nonsurgical treatment to regulate the glycemic index in T2DM patients. Results: Chronic periodontitis can affect glycemic control and influence the development and severity of diabetic complications. A cyclical relationship can be formed where uncontrolled hyperglycemia propagates a chronic inflammatory response leading to both increased insulin resistance and increased damage to periodontal tissues. Practical implications: Current evidence suggests that scaling and root planing significantly reduce HbA1c levels in T2DM patients with chronic periodontitis, however, the use of antibiotics to treat periodontitis as adjuncts is equivocal in this matter. Doxycycline and minocycline may have an effect if administered locally, however, more research is needed. Similarly, there is limited research examining the effect of azithromycin on glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim A study was carried out to determine how effective diode lasers and metrohex plus gel are at managing chronic periodontitis when compared to standard periodontal therapy. Materials and methods A total of 90 sites having periodontal probing depth more than or equal to 5 mm were included with patients aged around 35-60 years. Each group contains 30 sites as follows: group I laser-assisted new attachment procedure, group II metrohex plus gel, group III SRP alone. Results Based on the average GI value at baseline, 1 and 3 months, the values were 1.9 ± 0.67, 0.99 ± 0.26, and 0.89 ± 0.19, respectively. The mean PI* score decreased to 1.12 ± 0.31 at 1 month and 0.80 ± 0.31 at 3 months from 2.30 ± 0.58 at baseline. A periodontal probing depth reduction of 0.85 ± 0.03 mm was observed at 3 months for sites treated with laser, which was significantly higher than the reductions for sites treated with metrohex plus (metronidazole 10 mg + chlorhexidine gluconate 0.25% w/w and hyaluronic acid) and SRP alone. Periodontal probing depth reductions were not significantly different between groups I and II. Group II showed a 0.35 ± 0.11 mm improvement in clinical attachment level compared to group III. Conclusion As opposed to simple SRP, diode laser therapy and metrohex plus gel improve all clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Attitude control system for a satellite in low earth orbit is designed in this project. As a reference, CARTOSAT-2 is selected to design the AOCS. CARTOSAT-2 is located in LEO so it suits the needs of the projects. It is mainly used for mapping of urban, rural areas and wetlands in India. To design a basic AOCS, a DC motor based model is considered. Transfer functions of DC motor and satellite dynamics model are calculated using Laplace transformation. Stability of the system is checked by plotting poles and zeroes of the systems. PID controller is used to improve the overall stability of the system by decreasing the errors in the output of the system. The systems are subjected to sine and step inputs and responses are plotted in the form of graphs. The plots are studied using SciLab as the tool to design the block diagram and the control system for the AOCS. Scilab along with FlightGear is used to visualize the response of the system.

Dysfunction of neurons in the central nervous system is the primary pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite different triggering, emerging evidence indicates that neuroinflammation revealed through microglia activation is critical for PD. Moreover, recent investigations sought a potential relationship between Lrrk2 genetic mutation and microglia activation. In this paper, neuroinflammation in sporadic PD, Lrrk2-PD and unaffected Lrrk2 mutation carriers were investigated. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the subject's residual profile (SRP) techniques were performed on multiple groups and regions of interest in 22 brain-regions. The 11C-PBR28 binding profiles were compared in four genotypes depending on groups, i.e., HC, sPD, Lrrk2-PD and UC, using the PCA and SPR scores. The genotype effect was found as a principal feature of group-dependent 11C-PBR28 binding, and preliminary evidence of a MAB-Lrrk2 mutation interaction in manifest Parkinson's and subjects at risk was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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