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Copyright of Moment Journal: Journal of Cultural Studies is the property of Moment Journal: Journal of Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Holy Quran is a sacred scripture revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by Gabriel and is the fundamental source of the Islamic religion. Therefore, Muslims have endeavored to understand it from the earliest stages of Islam, leadng to extensive scholarly research. In addition to studies conducted on the content of the Holy Quran itself, research designed to facilitate its understanding significant efforts have been primarily undertaken by commentators and other scholars across different fields, mainly focusing on the language, grammatical structure of the Quran, its thematic content, thedivision of surahs and the historical development of its compilation of its compilation into the Mushaf. From this perspective, the Holy Quran has undoubtedly also attracted the attention from literary scholars who have conducted numerous studies oof this sacred text. Literary scholars have been interested in both the content and the form of the Holy Quran. Those who have written in literary circles have resorted to the Holy Quran as a primary source in its entirety or in the context of the arts of quotation and allusion. In addition to translating the Quran in verse, one area of particular interest has been the nomenclature of the surahs Scholars have conducted autonomus studies on these surah names, often composing their anayses in poetic form0- ne such work is the Persian Poetical Süveri-i Holy Quran written by Ubeyd Dede, which is the focus of this study. This work is considered as a significant contribution to the field of Turkish-Islamic literatūre. Before examining Ubeyd Dede's work, this study provides a brief overview is provided of the tradition of Suver-i Quran in the Anatolian field. Then, Ubeyd Dede's work called "Manzum Süver-i Kur'ân" isexamined in terms of its formal characteristics and content. At the end of the study, aversion of the work transcribed in the Arabic alphabet, a Latinized translated text and Turkish translation of the work, as well as the original manuscript are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the intricate relationship between earthquake sources and seismogenic surface ruptures in a complex tectonic setting with active faults in the continental collision zone between the southern Tien Shan and the northern Pamir Mountains in Central Asia. The study focuses on the 2008 Mw 6.6 Nura earthquake along the Pamir Frontal Thrust, where the seismogenic surface rupture occurred unexpectedly within the footwall and 10 km away from the source thrust fault. This discrepancy raises questions about the interactions and potential trigger mechanisms between tectonic structures during earthquake rupture. Using unmanned aerial vehicle photography and field inspection, our investigation integrates detailed fault‐zone mapping with tectono‐geomorphic observations to unravel potential interactions between subsurface structures and surface‐deformation phenomena. Our findings suggest that a combination of slip along deep‐seated basement faults and remotely triggered flexural slip within folded Paleogene strata led to surface rupture of overlying Quaternary glacial deposits. Geomorphological and geochronological analyses coupled with systematic displacement measurements furthermore reveal evidence of similar past ruptures within the regional fault system, suggesting a recurrence interval of 1.7 kyr and a Holocene vertical offset rate of 0.4 mm/yr. The analysis of the Nura rupture zone contributes significantly to evaluate linkages between surface and subsurface structures regarding fault‐zone behavior and seismic hazard assessments. Importantly, our results highlight the critical role of on‐site investigations in regions with poorly defined surface ruptures, where misinterpretation may lead to the underestimation of the impact of seismic events and limitations in assessing earthquake history and strain accumulation. Plain Language Summary: This study investigates surface ruptures related to earthquakes in Central Asia, focusing on the 2008 Nura earthquake in south Kyrgyzstan, where the Tien Shan and Pamir mountains converge due to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The surface rupture during that event occurred at a different location than expected, causing us to investigate more closely the complex interactions between faults during earthquakes in this region. Based on detailed mapping on a high‐resolution digital surface model and on‐site observations, our analysis suggests that movement along hidden tectonic fault structures in the subsurface caused the bending of overlying folded sedimentary strata, which in turn resulted in the breaking of the ground. Through geomorphological analysis and geological age determination, we conclude that similar events in the regional fault system occurred in the past, in intervals of 1,700 years and with a vertical growth rate of 0.4 mm/yr within the last 12,000 years. Understanding such geotectonic processes is important for a better assessment not only of earthquake hazard in this region, but also of faulting processes elsewhere that have a similar deformation character, thus emphasizing the importance of field investigations in regions where the understanding of tectonic structures is limited. Key Points: Field survey of the 2008 Mw 6.6 Nura earthquake surface rupture in Kyrgyz Pamir shows evidence of secondary flexural‐slip faultingOur results suggest similar events in the eastern Pamir‐Tien Shan collision zone with a recurrence interval of approximately 1.7 kyrWe propose a rupture model where slip along deep‐seated tectonic structures remotely triggered flexural‐slip along shallow folds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Süleyman Demirel Law Review / Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çalışmamızın konusu ve amacı düşünce dünyasında çalışmalarıyla önemli bir yere sahip olan İbrahim Kalın’ın modernite eleştirilerini ortaya koymak ve bu eleştirileri Bergson’un felsefesiyle yorumlayarak yeniden değerlendirmek ayrıca Kalın ve Bergson’un birbirini tamamlayan benzer düşünceler ortaya koydukları göstermektir. Her iki düşünürün de çalışmalarında modern insanın akıl temelinde yarı tanrısal özne rolüne karşı, modern aklın ötesindeki gerçekliği ve aklı yapan öncesi ve sonu olmayan bir varlığı temel almaları çalışmamıza konu olmalarını sağlamıştır. Kalın’ın hayatın anlamının, ilerlemecilik anlayışı doğrultusunda her şeyin akıl temelinde belirlenmesine karşı bir modernite eleştirisi olarak Tanrı inancını koymasının nedenleri, Bergson’da modern düşüncenin ötesinde bir varoluşu ifade eden sezgi, süre, oluş, şuur ve tekâmül gibi kavramlar üzerinden yorumlanarak, Kalın’ın eleştirilerine farklı bir perspektiften anlamsal olarak katkı sağlanacaktır. Bu bağlamda Kalın’ın merkezinde modern insanın Tanrı’dan bağımsız bir şekilde aklını kullanmaya kalkması ve kendisini dünyanın geri kalanına karşı üstün gören bir varlık olarak düşünmesinin olduğu modernite eleştirilerinin, Bergson’un felsefesi üzerinden yeniden okunması mevcut literatürü zenginleştirmesi açısından önemlidir.

Kur’an-ı Kerim son ilahi kitap olup vahiy zincirinin de son halkasını teşkil etmektedir. İnsanlığın hidayeti için gönderilen Kur’an-ı Kerim, muhataplarının ihtiyaçlarına yönelik prensipler koyarken onların dünya ve ahiret kurtuluşlarını hedeflemektedir. Bu hedefini gerçekleştirmek üzere indirilen son ilahi kitap, yirmi üç yıllık bir zaman zarfında tedrîcî bir şekilde tamamlanmıştır. Vahiy süreci boyunca indirilen âyetler ve sûreler Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.) tarafından vahiy katiplerine yazdırılmıştır. Vahyin yazdırılması esnasında âyetlerin hangi sûrenin hangi âyetleri arasına konulacağı Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.) tarafından sahabeye bildirilmiştir. Bu esnada sûrelerin de isimlerine işaret edilmiş ve birçok sûrenin ismi belirtilmiştir. Vahiy peyderpey indirilmek suretiyle tamamlandığında ise Kur’an-ı Kerim yüz on dört sûre ile son şeklini almıştır. Kur’an-ı Kerim’in isimleri olduğu gibi bu sûrelerin de isimleri bulunmaktadır. Sûre isimlendirmelerine bakıldığında ana hatlarıyla bazı sûre isimlerinin tevkîfî bazılarının ise içtihadî olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sûrelerin Mushaf’taki isimlerinin yanında başka isimlerinin de olduğu bir gerçektir. Bu meyanda bazı sûrelerin tek, bazılarının iki, bazılarının ise daha fazla ismi mevcuttur. Hatta birtakım sûreler de vardır ki onlar ortak isimle ifade edilmiştir. Sûrelere bu isimler verilirken gerek tevkîfî olsun gerekse içtihadî olsun birtakım ölçütler esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada sübjektif olmakla birlikte altı kriter belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterler genel hatlarıyla sûrenin ilk âyetleri veya kelimesi, içerdiği özlü ya da garip bir kelime, hurûf-u mukattaalar, sûrede anlatılan önemli bir konu veya sûrenin temel konusu, sûrede ismi geçen bir mekân veya özel bir isim olmuştur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında yüz on dört sûrenin hangi kriter altında kategorize edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi gerektiği hususu, çözülmesi gereken bir mesele olarak ortada durmaktadır. Bu meselenin çözüme kavuşması noktasında sûrelerin isimlendirilmesinde hangi kriter veya kriterlerin esas alındığının tespit edilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Önemine binaen bu çalışmada sûreler, tespit edilen kriterler altında sınıflandırılarak kategorize edilmiştir. Bu kategorizenin neticesinde hangi sûrenin hangi başlık altında incelenmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada sûrelerin isimlendirilmesinde temel teşkil eden bu kriterler çerçevesinde örnek sûreler üzerinden inceleme yapılarak diğer sûrelerin de hangi kriterler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini dikkatlere sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Makalede literatür tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmayı genişletme babında bazı sûreler odak nokta seçilmiş, klasik ve modern tefsirler, Ulûmü’l-Kur’an’a dair yazılmış eserler, tefsir tarihi ve tefsir usulü kitapları taranmıştır. Bunun yanında konu ile alakalı diğer çalışmalar da taranarak incelenmiştir. Tarama neticesinde elde edilen bulgular ışığında konu izah edilmiştir. Araştırma, sûrelerin isimlendirilmesinde esas alınan kriterler ve bu kriterlerin hangi sûreler için temel ölçüt olduğu gibi hususların izahını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın neticesinde sûreler isimlendirilirken hangi kriterlerin esas alındığı, bu kriterlerin nasıl kullanıldığı ve hangi sûrenin hangi kriter altında sınıflandırılması gerektiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Copyright of Journal of Ilahiyat Researches / Ilahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving the social security protection of atypical workers has been high on the EU agenda in recent years. With the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights in 2017, the EU wished to break away from a decade of austerity measures. The EU further developed the right to adequate social protection in the Pillar through the Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. This instrument urges EU Member States to ensure adequate access to social protection for workers, regardless of their employment relationship, and the self-employed. As part of the EU's recovery strategy during and after the Covid-19 crisis, several financial instruments were developed to support EU Member States. Through the Temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency, EU Member States received support for job retention schemes. The EU also adopted the Recovery Resilience Facility, which provided grants and loans. Another support instrument was the European Social Fund Plus. This article discusses those recent EU initiatives, focusing on unemployment and the protection of atypical workers and the self-employed. With the introduction of the European Employment Strategy (1997), a closer link was made at EU level between unemployment, increasing labour market participation and activation measures. Less attention was paid to ensuring adequate unemployment protection. In recent years, however, it appears that the EU has been playing an increasing role in providing funding for temporary support and in introducing changes to EU Member States' policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is the EU evolving towards a Re-Insurance Union? The creation of SURE, an EU financial tool to support national short-time work (STW) schemes in the midst of the pandemic, has revitalized debates on fiscal stabilizers as a means to counter economic downturns and protect jobs within the European Union. Drawing from document analyses and 17 interviews with EU and national stakeholders, this study explores the politics underpinning SURE's adoption following a decade of heated and unsuccessful debates on the European Unemployment Reinsurance Scheme (EURS). Through the lens of 'purposeful opportunism', the article illustrates how the European Commission leveraged prior EURS insights and the emerging consensus on STW schemes to craft SURE in a way which addressed national concerns about EU-wide welfare harmonization, while positioning the EU as a holding environment for national welfare states. Looking ahead, making SURE a permanent 'second line of defence' against macroeconomic shocks could contribute to further substantiating new, EU-wide, social rights codified in the European Pillar of Social Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rize Theology Journal / Rize Ilahiyat Dergisi is the property of Rize Theology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary objectives of this research are to compare the economic performance of the Member States (MS) in the Euro Area 12 (EA-12) of the European Union (EU) that served as net contributors and net recipients of its budget during the period 1998–2022. The comparison focuses on aspects related to economic growth and the business cycle, exploring the presence of hysteresis. To achieve these objectives, a novel approach is employed, which integrates the analysis of both growth and cycles. This approach involves using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) model to estimate a translog production frontier and assess the impact of lagging output gaps on the potential output or capacity for each of the MS considered. The data used to estimate each frontier and analyze growth decomposition consist of quarterly data filtered using the Kalman filter. The results reveal that lagging output gaps, occurring one or two quarters prior, significantly affect the potential output or capacity of the EA-12 MS, thereby supporting the existence of hysteresis. However, the impacts appear to be minimal. Furthermore, the research concludes that changes in total factor productivity (TFP), mainly due to technical change, play a more crucial role in the growth of MS that are net contributors to the EU budget. Conversely, total factor accumulation (TFA), mainly physical capital accumulation, has a more pronounced impact on the growth of MS net recipients from the EU budget. Interestingly, the heterogeneity observed among the EA-12 MS extends beyond the simple division between net contributors and net recipients of the EU budget. This heterogeneity raises questions about the European Central Bank's (ECB) ability to stabilize the economies of these various MS solely through conventional monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a need to reliably render urolithiasis patients completely stone free with minimal morbidity. We report on the initial safety and feasibility with steerable ureteroscopic renal evacuation (SURE) in a prospective study using basket extraction as a comparison. Materials and Methods: A pilot randomized controlled study was conducted comparing SURE with basket extraction postlaser lithotripsy. SURE is performed using the CVAC™ Aspiration System, a steerable catheter (with introducer). The safety and feasibility of steering CVAC throughout the collecting system under fluoroscopy and aspirating stone fragments as it was designed to do were evaluated. Fluoroscopy time, change in hemoglobin, adverse events through 30 days, total and proportion of stone volume removed at 1 day, intraoperative stone removal rate, and stone-free rate (SFR) at 30 days through CT were compared. Results: Seventeen patients were treated (n = 9 SURE, n = 8 Basket). Baseline demographics and stone parameters were not significantly different between groups. One adverse event occurred in each group (self-limiting ileus for SURE and urinary tract infection for Basket). No mucosal injury and no contrast extravasation were observed in either group. The CVAC catheter was steered throughout the collecting system and aspirated fragments. There was no significant difference in fluoroscopy time, procedure time, change in hemoglobin, or stone removal rate between groups. SURE removed more and a greater proportion of stone volume at day 1 vs baskets (202 mm3 vs 91 mm3, p

It is known that the Qurʾan was revealed in an oral form in relation to different events that took place in a certain period of time. The Mushaf emerged when the chapters of revelation, which the Prophet conveyed to the first interlocutors of the Qurʾan as a living dialog, were transformed into written form by observing a certain structural and stylistic standard during the caliphate period. While the Qurʾānic passages in the form of shifāhī had all the necessary aspects to be understood during the period of revelation, they were deprived of their external context when they became Mushaf, or they were textualized by experiencing serious losses in this direction. In this respect, it can be stated that the need for exegesis in history stems from the deformation of the Qurʾanic content’s close relationship with history in the process of textualization. Therefore, an exegetical activity can be considered successful to the extent that it can eliminate this deformation. Exegeting a Qurʾanic passage is equivalent to revealing its relationship with the history to which it belongs. In other words, understanding a Qurʾanic passage correctly is only possible by dating it correctly. In the tradition of exegesis, the studies on dating the Qurʾan were largely based on the integrity of the suras. The most important proof of this is the lists in the sources that are based on the order of the surahs. This assumption makes it difficult to date the verses in long suras that were revealed in relation to different events at different date intervals. In our opinion, it is not possible to make comprehensive evaluations about a part of the Qurʾan or the Qurʾan as a whole unless individual groups of verses in different parts of the Mushaf are identified and these verses are related to the historical contexts to which they belong. This study will point out the shortcomings of tafsir studies that consider all suras as chapters with structural and thematic integrity and rely on the lists of the order of occurrence available in the sources to date them, and will include some determinations, suggestions and evaluations regarding the steps to be taken for the dating of individual verse groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recently, there has been a growing interest in operationalizing and measuring cognitive reserve (CR) for clinical and research purposes. This umbrella review aims to summarize the existing systematic and meta-analytic reviews about measures of CR. Method: A literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the guidelines of Aromataris et al. (2015) to identify the systematic reviews and meta-analysis involving the assessment of CR. The methodological quality of the papers included in this umbrella review was assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE). Results: Thirty-one reviews were identified, sixteen of which were systematic reviews, and fifteen were meta-analyses. Most of the reviews had a critically low quality, according to AMSTAR-2. The reviews included between two and 135 studies. Most of the papers focused on older adults, mainly those with dementia. CR was measured using one to six proxies, but most considered each proxy separately. The most assessed proxies of CR were education on its own, combined with occupation and/or engagement in activities or combined with parental education, bilingualism, and engagement in activities when four CR proxies were studied. Most of the studies included in higher quality reviews focused on three proxies, with education and engagement in activities being the most evaluated using CR questionnaires. Conclusion: Despite the growing interest in measuring CR, its operationalization did not improve since the last umbrella review in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Yüce Allah, ilâhî kitaplarını tek başına değil, onları açıklayan ve uygulayan peygamberlerle birlikte göndermiştir. Zira kitapları açıklayan ve onları hayatla birleştiren peygamberler olmasa vahiy metinlerinin çok farklı anlamlarda kullanılması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Nitekim tarihi süreçte bunların çeşitli örnekleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda son ilâhî kitap olan Kur’ân’ın anlaşılmasında Hz. Peygamber’in söz ve fiillerini içeren hadislerin tefsir kaynaklarına nasıl katkı sağladığı, hadisler olmadığı zaman âyetlerin anlaşılmasında ve yorumlanmasında ne gibi sorunların yahut nasıl bir İslam anlayışının ortaya çıktığı nüzûl sırasına göre ilk sûre özelinde araştırılacaktır. Buna göre, rivayet tefsirlerinden Taberî’nin (öl. 310/923) Câmiu’l-Beyân ‘an te’vîli âyi’l-Kur’ân’ı, akıl ve nakli birlikte esas alan İmam Mâturîdî’nin (öl. 333/944) Tevîlâtü’l-Kur’ân’ı, akla öncelik veren Mutezile’ye müntesip ez-Zemahşerî’nin (öl. 538/1144) el-Keşşâf ʿan hakāʾikı gavâmizi’t-tenzîl ve ʿuyûni’l-ekāvîl fî vücûhi’t-teʾvîl ’i, Muhammed Abduh’un (1849-1905) Tefsîru cüz’i Amme’si, Şinkîtî’nin (1907-1974) Edvâʾü’l-beyân fî îzâhi’l-Kurʾân bi’l-Kur’ân’ı, Bayraklı’nın Yeni Bir Anlayışın Işığında Kur’an Tefsiri esas alınarak bunların kullandıkları hadisler incelenecektir. Yine ilk dönem müelliflerinden Abdurrezzâk b. Hemmâm’ın (öl. 211/826) hem hadis hem tefsir kitabı incelenecektir. Ayrıca hadis kitaplarındaki tefsir bölümlerinde mezkûr sûrede zikredilen hadisler incelenecek ve tefsir kitaplarıyla karşılaştırması yapılacaktır.

State-level institutes have an important role in strengthening the national STI ecosystem. SERB-SURE scheme was launched in 2022 to support research at state-level institutes to strengthen the national STI ecosystem. The scheme also promotes researchers with no ongoing/completed project proposals under SERB and thus is a platform to appraise the upcoming talent pool of the country. The details of proposals submitted and recommended have been gathered from the PRISM website and SERB online portal. The present article quantitatively analyses the trend of project proposal submission and approval based on parameters such as gender, state, institute type and subject area between the financial year 2022-23. Based on these early indicators, some recommendations for promoting research at state-level institutes are provided here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Health shocks are common and have serious consequences for households in developing countries where health insurance is lacking. In this study, we examine whether out-of-pocket health expenditures crowd out household consumption of non-healthcare necessities, such as education items in Benin using a sample of 14,952 households from the global vulnerability and food security analysis survey. We estimated a system of conditional Engel curves with three stage least squared (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) for seven categories of goods using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) in the form of budget shares corresponding to proportions of total non-health expenditure. Findings show that out of pocket health expenditure leads households to spend more on health care that in fine crowd out expenditure in other necessity goods such as education item. These findings highlight the need for social protection programs to mitigate the impact of health shocks on vulnerable households in Benin.

Surah Muddessir is a Makki surah consisting of 56 verses, which ranks 74th among the surahs in the Qur'an. It got its name from the word al-müddessir, which means the one who is veiled in the first verse. Because of the fact that it was sent down in the early days of prophethood, the chapter of alMuddessir includes issues such as the existence and unity of Allah, the existence of heaven and hell, and the punishment of unbelievers. When the surah is evaluated within the framework of the Qur'anic sciences, it has been determined that it is related to these sciences in many subjects, and it has been examined together with the examples of the Qur'anic sciences to which the surah is related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal is the property of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary objectives of this research are to compare the economic performance of the Member States (MS) in the Euro Area 12 (EA-12) of the European Union (EU) that served as net contributors and net recipients of its budget during the period 1998–2022. The comparison focuses on aspects related to economic growth and the business cycle, exploring the presence of hysteresis. To achieve these objectives, a novel approach is employed, which integrates the analysis of both growth and cycles. This approach involves using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) model to estimate a translog production frontier and assess the impact of lagging output gaps on the potential output or capacity for each of the MS considered. The data used to estimate each frontier and analyze growth decomposition consist of quarterly data filtered using the Kalman filter. The results reveal that lagging output gaps, occurring one or two quarters prior, significantly affect the potential output or capacity of the EA-12 MS, thereby supporting the existence of hysteresis. However, the impacts appear to be minimal. Furthermore, the research concludes that changes in total factor productivity (TFP), mainly due to technical change, play a more crucial role in the growth of MS that are net contributors to the EU budget. Conversely, total factor accumulation (TFA), mainly physical capital accumulation, has a more pronounced impact on the growth of MS net recipients from the EU budget. Interestingly, the heterogeneity observed among the EA-12 MS extends beyond the simple division between net contributors and net recipients of the EU budget. This heterogeneity raises questions about the European Central Bank’s (ECB) ability to stabilize the economies of these various MS solely through conventional monetary policy.

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the ultrasonic rehydration conditions of dried tomatoes. Rehydration conditions were optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimization of ultrasonic (37 kHz) rehydration conditions were performed with independent variables at different temperatures (20-80°C), time (2-60 min) and water ratios (1/50-1/100 g/g water), and rehydration ability, color a* (redness) and texture values were selected as responses (dependent variable). The estimated and experimental analysis results were compared in the selection of the optimum rehydration condition. As a result, it was determined that ultrasonic rehydration at 58°C/54 min/72 ml water conditions could be used as the optimum point. At the selected optimum point, the rehydration ability, color a* value and texture values were determined as 2.82±0.16, 13.09 ±1.63 and 0.46±0.13 N, respectively. These results are seen as proof that ultrasound application can be used in the rehydration of dried tomatoes.

Conflict remains a major driver of poverty in Africa. Conflicts and political instability in the region have been increasing recently and are drawing more attention in public discourse. While it is widely acknowledged that conflicts disrupt agricultural production and food systems, the full extent of the damage inflicted on the lives and livelihoods of farming households and the mechanisms to redress this harm remain poorly understood. In particular, the link between violent conflicts and households' land allocation and related agricultural investment decisions remains understudied. In this study, we use geocoded longitudinal data along with detailed agricultural panel household surveys in Nigeria to assess the impact of violent conflicts on crop choice decisions and related agricultural investments. Specifically, we explore how farmers' land allocation and agricultural investment decisions relate or respond to the outbreak and intensity of violent conflicts. We find that violent conflicts are associated with a reduction in the share of both land area cultivated and area harvested. We also find suggestive evidence that violent conflicts may shape farmers' crop choices and related investments, as violent conflicts are associated with reduction in the share of land allocated to long-term crops (e.g., perennial crops, trees, roots and tubers). Overall, our findings suggest that violent conflicts can negatively influence farmers' agricultural investments directly by affecting both land utilization patterns and portfolio allocation across activities with varying returns to investments. • The link between conflicts and farmers' agricultural investment decisions remains understudied. • The paper adds to the limited assessments of how conflict affects smallholders' agricultural investment decisions. • We use geocoded longitudinal data along with panel household surveys. • Conflict shapes farmers' crop choices and negatively influences agricultural investments. • Female-headed households often opt to reduce their investment in long-term crops in response to exposure to conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health shocks are common and have serious consequences for households in developing countries where health insurance is lacking. In this study, we examine whether out-of-pocket health expenditures crowd out household consumption of non-healthcare necessities, such as education items in Benin using a sample of 14,952 households from the global vulnerability and food security analysis survey. We estimated a system of conditional Engel curves with three stage least squared (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) for seven categories of goods using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) in the form of budget shares corresponding to proportions of total non-health expenditure. Findings show that out of pocket health expenditure leads households to spend more on health care that in fine crowd out expenditure in other necessity goods such as education item. These findings highlight the need for social protection programs to mitigate the impact of health shocks on vulnerable households in Benin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the labour market effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Union (EU) implemented 'Temporary Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency' (SURE). This instrument enables loans to be made under favourable conditions from the EU to affected Member States, covering part of their costs for national short-time work (STW) schemes or similar policies. In essence, STW prevents unemployment by helping employers to temporarily reduce the working hours of their personnel, while providing these employees with income support from the state for the hours not worked. During the COVID-19 crisis, non-standard workers in particular experienced job loss or a reduction of working hours, while often having inadequate access to social security. This article assesses the inclusiveness of SURE in terms of providing, via national STW, support to all workers. Firstly, it explores the options provided by the SURE Regulation to finance STW schemes which also cover non-standard workers. Secondly, it gives an EU-wide overview of which schemes and which types of workers have been supported. Thirdly, the paper analyses in detail how three Member States – Belgium, Cyprus and Poland – have used SURE to support non-standard and self-employed workers. The article adds to the currently scarce analyses on how SURE is used by countries with various STW systems. Moreover, it shows whether SURE may fit the growing EU focus on providing access to social security for all types of workers irrespective of their employment relationship, as for instance codified in the EU Pillar of Social Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SURE Netherlands (NCT03929679) evaluated the use of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in routine clinical care for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Adults (age ≥ 18 years) with T2D were enrolled into the single-arm study. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to end of study (EOS; approx. 30 weeks) in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary endpoints were change from baseline to EOS in body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC). Proportions of participants achieving predefined HbA1c targets and weight-loss responses at EOS, safety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment satisfaction were assessed. Results: In total, 211 participants (mean age 60.5 years; diabetes duration 13.3 years) initiated semaglutide; most were receiving metformin (82.9%) and/or basal insulin (59.2%) at baseline, and 6.2% switched from another GLP-1RA. Mean baseline HbA1c, BW and WC were 8.6%, 105.2 kg and 118.8 cm. In the 186 (88.2%) participants receiving semaglutide at EOS, mean reduction in HbA1c with semaglutide was − 1.2%-points (95% [confidence interval] CI − 1.3; − 1.0; p < 0.0001), with 124 (70.5%), 95 (54.0%) and 65 (36.9%) participants achieving HbA1c targets of < 8.0%, < 7.5% and < 7.0%, respectively. Mean reduction in BW was − 7.8 kg [95% CI − 8.7; − 6.8; p < 0.0001], corresponding to relative reduction of − 7.5% [95% CI − 8.4; − 6.6; p < 0.0001]. Improvements in WC (− 8.8 cm [95% CI − 10.4; − 7.2; p < 0.0001]), HRQoL and treatment satisfaction were observed, including across most Short-Form 36 Health Survey domains. One serious adverse drug reaction (cholecystitis) was reported. Eight participants (all receiving concomitant insulin) experienced severe or documented hypoglycaemia. Conclusion: Individuals with T2D treated with OW semaglutide experienced significant and clinically relevant improvements in glycaemic control and BW from baseline. These results from a diverse real-world population in the Netherlands support the use of OW semaglutide in treating adults with T2D in routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of UMDE Journal of Religious Inquiries / UMDE Dini Tetkikler Dergisi is the property of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide students with valuable opportunities to engage in research in a classroom setting, expanding access to research opportunities for undergraduates, fostering inclusive research and learning environments, and bridging the gap between the research and education communities. While scientific practices, integral to the scientific discovery process, have been widely implemented in CUREs, there have been relatively few reports emphasizing the incorporation of core biology concepts into CURE curricula. In this study, we present a CURE that integrates core biology concepts, including genetic information flow, phenotype-genotype relationships, mutations and mutants, and structure-function relationships, within the context of mutant screening and gene loci identification. The design of this laboratory course aligns with key CURE criteria, as demonstrated by data collected through the laboratory course assessment survey (LCAS). The survey of undergraduate research experiences (SURE) demonstrates students' learning gains in both course-directed skills and transferrable skills following their participation in the CURE. Additionally, concept survey data reflect students' self-perceived understanding of the aforementioned core biological concepts. Given that genetic mutant screens are central to the study of gene function in biology, we anticipate that this CURE holds potential value for educators and researchers who are interested in designing and implementing a mutant screen CURE in their classrooms. This can be accomplished through independent research or by establishing partnerships between different units or institutions., (© 2024 The Author(s). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)

The paper examines the determinants and interrelationship of components of government spending using data for up to 142 countries over the period 1990–2017. We make use of two‐way fixed effect estimator with Driscoll‐Kraay standard errors, which accounts for cross‐sectional dependence and a system generalized method of moments estimator to examine the determinants of components of spending. We then adopt the seemingly unrelated regression estimation technique to examine the interrelationship between government spending types. From our results, there is little evidence of Wagner's Law as the coefficient of income is negative and statistically significant for most measures of spending. Further, we find that a reduction in overall government spending tends to reduce the share of almost all components of government spending except spending on economic services, non‐productive spending, and spending on transfers. In examining the interrelationship between government spending types, we find that government spending types under the Classification of Functions of Government (COFOG) classification, which may be described as "pure public goods" and "merit public good provision," have complementary relationships. However, government spending on pure public good vs merit public goods, pure public goods vs economic services, and pure public goods vs transfers could be considered substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper summarises the findings of a report by Acedański et al. (2023) that focuses on the relationship between science and economic growth. The report was commissioned by the Conference of Rectors of Economic Universities (KRUE) and prepared by researchers from five public economic universities in Poland. The authors of the report and the KRUE aim to share their message with a wide audience that includes policymakers, academic experts, and students. Additionally, the article analyses the impact of research and higher education spending on convergence processes in Central and Eastern European countries. Research Design & Methods: The study examined different indicators, including government expenditure on basic research, higher education, and research and development. We utilised SURE models and observed that there was notable diversity in the convergence processes among the analysed countries. Additionally, we found a correlation between research spending and the rate of catching up. However, it is important to note that this relationship is not universal and varies across countries, even those within the same region. Findings: Acedański et al. (2023) report quantifies the relationship between science, higher education, GDP, and economic development in Poland. The report states that science and higher education sectors positively impact local economies, and individuals with higher education contribute the most to human capital resources in the economy, leading to GDP growth. However, Poland has a funding gap in research and science compared to highly developed countries as well as many Central and Eastern European countries. The report suggests that investment in a country's education and higher education system is essential for generating developmental impulses and supporting its economy. Implications / Recommendations: The impact of scientific activity depends heavily on funding, especially through higher education institutions. In Poland, the salaries of academic teachers have decreased compared to other professions, and their position in the wage distribution is the worst it has been in the past two decades. Investing in a country's education and higher education system is essential to support the economy. Acedański et al. (2023) suggest that a 0.1 percentage point increase in research and development expenditure, as a percentage of GDP, can lead to a 0.8 to 1.3 percentage point increase in GDP growth. However, the conclusion was based on panel data from EU countries, and the impact of scientific research on GDP may differ when analysing Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. In this paper, we also present an extended analysis of the impact of science and education on economic growth through the lens of convergence processes. We show that the relationship above is not straightforward and represents substantial variability across countries, even those of the same region. Contribution / Value Added: Firstly, the report by Acedański et al. (2023) emphasises the importance of the science and higher education sector for economic growth. Their empirical research helps quantify the relationship between science, higher education, GDP, and economic development, offering a deeper understanding of this connection. The report complements previously published analyses and research on the topic. Secondly, our regional research shows that the convergence processes vary greatly among the analysed countries. The inclusion of spending on science, research, or higher education in the convergence equations has a varied impact on the assessment of the pace of the catching-up processes in the CEE region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy should be understood with its accumulative structure. Thus, when one strives to understand a philosopher’s thoughts, he/she should not isolate the philosopher from the previous and contemporary theories in his/her era; and should take into account this accumulative and continuous structure. In this context, Kant’s, Bergson’s, and Iqbal’s understandings of time seem to have continuity in themselves, even if they might be seen as having incompatible points. Kant’s understanding of time can be considered in two periods as pre-Critical and Critical. In the former, Kant accepts the own-reality and existence of time itself, outside of the human mind. But he also sows the seed of an understanding of time as a prior intuition to all sensations, while he is still in his pre-critical period. Hence, his focus seems to have shifted to a subject-centred approach. In his critical period, subject-centrality becomes more obvious and Kant claims that time is prior to any externality. According to him, time locates things in simultaneity and succession for the perception of mind as a sensible intuition. Bergson, on the other hand, clearly exploits Kant, even though he criticizes Kant in many aspects. Bergson’s understanding of time is comprised of two components: Pure duration and homogenous time. Pure duration is affected by the Kantian conception of time in the sense of being subject-centred. It is the time that each consciousness has individually as a combination of one’s past and present in a whole; and it is, in its essence, heterogeneous, unorderly successive, and indivisible. Homogenous time has its roots, again, in Kant’s thoughts in the sense of being serial and simultaneous. It is the impersonal common ground for individuals on which pure durations can work in a harmony. When it comes to Iqbal, he benefits from both Kant’s time as a form of sensible intuition and Bergson’s pure duration. Iqbal, by using both of these concepts of time, reconstructs the Divine Time in Islamic thought, and thus, freewill. By means of pure duration and creativity, mechanical understanding of the universe is refused by Bergson and Iqbal. By doing so, Iqbal allows freewill to permeate through pure duration of the God, namely the Divine Time, and to penetrate into pure durations of all egos. Throughout this article, we mainly intend to retrace Iqbal’s reconstruction of freewill by having use of the concept of pure duration, and the Divine Time as pure duration of the God.

Yüce kitabımız Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in mûcizeliğine ve eşsizliğine birer delil olan âyet-i kerîmelerin, sûre içinde ve Kur’ân’ın tamamında var olan sayılarıyla ilgili farklı rakamlar dile getirilmiştir. Bu durum Ulûmu’l-Kur’ân konuları içinde, Kur’ân’ı Kerîm’e ziyâde ve noksanlık gibi tahrifatlara imkân vermeyecek bir şekilde kaideleri, esasları tespit edilen bir ilim olan Âddü’l-Ây başlığında, Hz. Peygamber’e, onun ashabına isnâdı sabit bir ilimle ele alınmıştır. Kur’ân harflerinin kelimelerinin, ayetlerinin ve sûrelerinin adedini irdeleyen bu ilimde, İslam âlimleri bu konuyu derinlemesine ele almışlar ve değişik görüşler dile getirmişlerdir. Genel kabule göre 6666 sayısı öne çıksa da bu doğru bir rakam değildir ve mevcut mushafta âyet sayısı 6236’dır.Âyet sayıları ile ilgili sahâbe, tâbiîn ve daha sonraki âlimler farklı görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Sahâbeden, Hz. Ali (öl. 40/661) (r.a.) 6236, Abdullah İbn Mes’ud (öl. 32/652) 6218, Ubey b. Ka’b (öl. 33/654) 6210 ve Abdullah İbn Abbas (öl. 68/687) da 6216 sayılarını vermişlerdir. Hz. Ali’nin (r.a.) vermiş olduğu sayı elimizdeki mushafta var olan sayı ile eşittir. Tâbiînden Sa’id b. Cübeyr (öl. 95/714) 6216, Muhammed İbn Sîrîn (öl. 110/729) 6216, Atâ İbn Ebî Rebâh (öl. 115/732) 6177, Humeyd et-Tavîl (öl. 142/759) 6212 rakamlarını vermişlerdir. Kırâat imamlarından da Medineliler 6217, Mekkeliler 6219, Basralılar 6205, Kûfeliler 6236, Şamlılar 6220 sayılarını vererek farklı görüşlerini bildirmişlerdir. 114 sûrenin tamamında ihtilaf olmayıp sadece 75 sûrede ihtilaf vardır. Bununla birlikte bazı sûrelerin âyet sayılarında bir tartışma söz konusu olmayıp, mevcut mushafla aynı olup sadece hangi âyetlerin müstakil olduğuyla ilgili bir tartışma söz konusudur.Farklı görüşlerin oluşmasında bazı nedenler vardır. Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) Kur’ân öğretiminde veya meydana gelen bazı olaylarda açıklama yaparken yapmış olduğu tilâvetler, âyet sayılarındaki ihtilafın temel nedenlerinden biri sayılabilir. Çünkü bütün bunlarda Hz. Peygamber vakfedilecek yerleri de öğretiyordu. Zamanla Hz. Peygamber bazı âyetleri vasl ederek okuyordu. Bu duruma şahit olan sahabe birkaç âyetin birleştirilmesiyle yapılan bu uygulamayı tek âyet zannediyordu. Bunun neticesinde de sahabe rivâyetlerde farklı rakamlar bildirilmiş oluyordu. Sûrelerin başlarında bulunan besmelelerin ve Hurûf-u Mukattaa’ların müstakil bir âyet sayılıp sayılmaması da âyetlerin sayısı ile ilgili farklı görüşlerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu sebeplerin yanında elimizde bulunan Mushaflarda tek âyet olarak yer alan bazı âyetlerin birden fazla âyet sayılması veya tek olarak yer alan bazı âyetlerin birleştirilerek tek âyet sayılması da âyetlerin sayısı ile ilgili ihtilafın nedenlerindendir.Kırâat çalışmaları ilk asırlarda daha çok Mekke, Medîne, Kûfe, Basra ve Şam’da yoğunlaştığı için Kurrâ’dan bazıları bulundukları beldelerde meşhur olmuşlar ve bu beldelerin anılmasıyla akla gelir olmuşlardır. Âyet sayılarını değerlendirirken de kurrâların yerine bu şehirler zikredilmiştir. Medîne denilince Medeniyyü’l-Evvel, Medeniyyü’l-Ahîr; Hicaz denilince Medîne ve Mekke; Irak denilince Basra ve Kûfe; Haremiyyi denilince Medîne ve Mekke; Şam denilince de Dımeşk ve Hımsıyyi anlaşılmıştır. Ca‘berî ise “Hımsıyyi” ayrı bir ekol olarak kabul etmiştir.Âyetlerin sayısıyla ilgili ilk dönemlerden itibaren âlimlerimiz değişik eserler meydana getirmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte konuyla alakalı Ebû Amr ed-Dânî ve Burhâneddin el-Ca‘berî’nin yazmış olduğu eserler âlimlerimiz tarafından temel kaynak olarak kabul edimiş ve bu âlimlerin âyet sayıları ile ilgili görüşleri hep ön planda kalmıştır. Biz de bu makalemizde konumuzla ilgili yazılmış diğer eserlerden faydalanmakla beraber, bu alanda öne çıkan Dânî’nin “el-Beyân fî Âddi Âyi’l-Kur’ân”ını ve Ca‘berî’nin “Husnü’l-meded fî fenni’l-aded”ini dikkate alarak, âyet sayılarındaki ihtilafların sûre sûre değerlendiirmesini yapacağız ve ihtilaf edilen âyetleri tek tek belirteceğiz.

Kıraat ilminin konusu itibariyle önemli ilim dallarından birisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Zira Kıraat ilminin Kur’an’la iç içe olduğu tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh ilimleri açısından da önemli bir yere sahip olduğu bir gerçektir. Kıraat ilmiyle iştigal eden âlimlerinden bazılarının eda ve tecvid konusuna ağırlık verip usûl kurallarına ve ferşî farklılıklara değinmediği, diğer bazı âlimlerin de anlam bakımından problemli görünen kıraatleri netliğe kavuşturmaya çalıştığı görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan Ya‘kûb el-Hadramî kıraatinin, sahih ve mütevâtir olarak kabul edilen on sahih kıraatten biri olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ya‘kûb el-Hadramî kıraatinin diğer kıraatlerle birlikte zikredildiği karşılaştırmalı eserler mevcut olmakla birlikte Ya‘kûb kıraatinin müstakil olarak ele alındığı iki tez çalışmasının var olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmalarda kıraatin özellikleri ve delillerinin yanısıra usûl ve ferş hususlarına da yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, diğer çalışmalarda ele alınmayan ve başka kıraatlerde olmadığı halde sadece Ya‘kûb kıraatinde yer alan konuların açığa kavuşturulması hedeflenmektedir. Aynı şekilde bu çalışmada Ya‘kûb kıraatiyle alakalı usûl ve ferş kaidelerinin birlikte zikredilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ya‘kûb kıraati diğer kıraatlera nazaran bazı farklılıklar içermekte ve kendine özgü bir takım özellikler barındırmaktadır. Bu bakımdan Ya‘kûb kıraatine özgü bu hususlara sözlüklerde ve tefsir kaynaklarında çokça rastlanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma sayesinde sadece Ya‘kûb kıraatinde yer alan usûl ve ferşî farklılıklar netliğe kavuşturulacaktır. Bu makalede Ya‘kûb el-Hadramî kıraatinin iki bölüm halinde değerlendirilmesi planlanmaktadır. Birinci bölümde kıraatin hangi rivayetlerle nakledildiğine işaret edilmektedir. Alanda yapılan tarama neticesinde Ya‘kûb’un bu rivayetleri dört senetle aktardığı anlaşılmaktadır. Makalede kıraatin usûl kaidelerine yer verilmekte ve konular örnekleme yöntemiyle açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde de sûrelerde yer alan ferşî farklılıklara değinilmekte ve ilgili kıraatin diğer kıraatlerden ayrıştığı noktalara dikkat çekilmektedir. Kıraat ilmi içerisinde yer alan usûl kaideleriyle kastedilen husus, med, kasr, izhâr, idğâm ve iklâb gibi şartları oluştuğunda gerçekleşen genel kurallar bütünüdür. Ferş ise, bu kaidelerden bağımsız belirli bazı kelimelerin farklı şekilde okunmasıdır. Usûl kuralları çerçevesinde değerlendirilen hâ zamirinin okunuşu konusunda farklı görüşler benimsenmektedir. Kıraat imamları, sâkin yâ harfinden sonra gelen tesniye ve Cem‘ zamirlerindeki hâ zamirinin damme veya kesra ile okunabileceği konusunun ihtilaflı olduğunu belirtmektedirler. Ya‘kûb kıraati incelendiğinde bu türdeki bütün zamirlerin damme harekesiyle okunmakta olduğu ve bu görüşün tercih edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Cem‘ alameti olan mîm harfinin kesre veya damme ile okunması konusunda ise görüş birliğinin olmadığını ifade edilmektedir. Bu hususta Ya‘kûb mîm harfinin harekesini hâ harfinin harekesine tabi kılmakta, hâ harfinin dammeli okunduğu yerlerde mîm harfini de dammeli okumakta, kesre’li okunduğu yerde de mîm harfini kesreli okumakta ve bu ölçünün dışına çıkmamaktadır. Kıraat ilminde bir kavram olarak kullanılan idğâm, mütemâsil, mütekârib veya mütecânis olan iki harfin birleştirip tek harf haline dönüştürülmesi ve şeddelenmesidir. Kıraat ve tecvid ilminin önemli konularından birisi olan İdğâm-ı kebîr’i en çok uygulayan kıraat imamının Ebû ‘Amr olduğu, daha sonra da Ya‘kûb’un geldiği belirtilmektedir. Vakf mevzusunda bazı kıraat imamlarının mushafta yazıldığı şekle riayet ederek, üzerinde vakfedilen kelimelerle ilgili herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadıkları görülmektedir. Ancak Ya‘kûb kıraatinde bir takım değişikliklerin var olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Aslî olmayan ve mütekellim’e delalet eden izafet yâ’sı üzerinde nasıl vakfedileceği konusu önem arz etmektedir. Kıraat âlimlerinin konuyla ilgili farklı görüşler benimsedikleri bilinmektedir. Ya‘kûb kıraatinde kabul edilen görüşün, Kur’an’da yer alan bütün izafet yâ’larının, sonrasında hemze-i katı‘ bulunan yerlerde sakin okunması gerektiği şeklinde ifade edilebilir. Vakf konusuyla ilgili bir diğer mevzu da, Mushaf’ta yazılı bulunmayan fakat tilavet esnasında zikredilen zâide yâ harfi üzerinde vakf edilmesidir. Ya‘kûb kıraatinde ister vasl halinde isterse de vakf halinde olsun bu zâide yâ’ların zikredildiği ve hazfedilmediği görülmektedir. Kıraat ilminde kullanılan bir kavram olarak ferş, Kur’an’daki kelimelerin Kıraat imamları tarafından farklı şekillerde okunması ve her okuyuşun sahibine nispet edilmesidir. Dolayısıyla bu farklılıklar bütün kıraatlerde yer almakta ve bu konu Ferşu’l-Hurûf yada el-Furû‘ adıyla da anılmaktadır. Kıraat ilmindeki ferş ve usûl arasındaki farka bakıldığı zaman usûl’ün belli kurallar çerçevesinde gerçekleştiği, ferş’in ise bu kurallardan bağımsız olarak meydana geldiği görülmektedir.

Background: There is a need to reliably render urolithiasis patients completely stone free with minimal morbidity. We report on the initial safety and feasibility with steerable ureteroscopic renal evacuation (SURE) in a prospective study using basket extraction as a comparison. Materials and Methods: A pilot randomized controlled study was conducted comparing SURE with basket extraction postlaser lithotripsy. SURE is performed using the CVAC™ Aspiration System, a steerable catheter (with introducer). The safety and feasibility of steering CVAC throughout the collecting system under fluoroscopy and aspirating stone fragments as it was designed to do were evaluated. Fluoroscopy time, change in hemoglobin, adverse events through 30 days, total and proportion of stone volume removed at 1 day, intraoperative stone removal rate, and stone-free rate (SFR) at 30 days through CT were compared. Results: Seventeen patients were treated (n = 9 SURE, n = 8 Basket). Baseline demographics and stone parameters were not significantly different between groups. One adverse event occurred in each group (self-limiting ileus for SURE and urinary tract infection for Basket). No mucosal injury and no contrast extravasation were observed in either group. The CVAC catheter was steered throughout the collecting system and aspirated fragments. There was no significant difference in fluoroscopy time, procedure time, change in hemoglobin, or stone removal rate between groups. SURE removed more and a greater proportion of stone volume at day 1 vs baskets (202 mm3vs 91 mm3, p < 0.01 and 84% vs 56%, p = 0.022). SURE achieved 100% SFR at 30 days vs 75% for baskets, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.20). Conclusions: This initial study suggests SURE is safe, feasible, and may be more effective in stone removal postlaser lithotripsy compared to basketing. More development is needed, and larger clinical studies are underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed the empirical importance of the capital flows in processes of economic convergence of the CEE region. We depart from reference net measures of capital flow reflecting the level of development of the financial system and focus on gross capital flow. Our econometric model is based on Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation (SURE) elaborated by Arnold Zellner. This environment seems an alternative to standard panel regression, because it enables cross-country heterogeneity of parameters of interest (like pace of convergence). We tested several restrictions of the unconstrained SURE model, leading to simpler specifications that would allow for regional homogeneity of the role of a particular factor (like capital flows) in growth fluctuations and β-type convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta la estimación de las elasticidades propias y de sustitución entre los insumos trabajo, materias primas, capital, gasto energético y otros gastos de producción para el sector industrial manufacturero de Colombia, la región central y el departamento de Boyacá. Las estimaciones se realizaron a través de la aplicación de funciones de costos translogarítmicas con datos para el periodo 1992 - 2018 de la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera (EAM). Dentro de los resultados se destaca el bajo nivel sustitutivo entre capital y trabajo en el escenario nacional, contando con una elasticidad de 0,08%; en el caso del departamento la relación fue complementaria, aumentos de 1% en el precio del capital se relacionan con una reducción promedio de 0,17% en la demanda de trabajo. Estos resultados muestran diferencias en la participación relativa promedio de los factores de producción en el costo total, lo que permite concluir que las dinámicas del sector industrial nacional, regional y del departamento son heterogéneas.

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is essential for local development to increase both technological and human capacities. From the introduction of technologies, it is essential to diagnose and define the baseline of human resources in the community under study to support the implementation of the knowledge management strategy. In this article, aspects related to human resources and their interdependence with knowledge management were addressed, using multi-criteria models that support decision making in the selection of the most appropriate energy technologies to raise the standard of living. The systems for decision support in rural energization projects and the procedure for the contribution to the improvement of quality from rural energization are program packages built on the basis of technical and non-technical aspects for the energy development of rural areas with less favored populations. In this case, the above tools allowed the development of simulations and the calculation of the disparities that may arise between the existing human resource in the community and its potential after the specific energy solutions have been installed and to measure the potential impact on this resource. This paper reported the results of the application of the referred models, related to the impact on the human resource of the community, the human dimension of sustainable development and knowledge management in the case study of the rural community “El Socucho”, located in Las Tunas province, Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayetlerin meydana getirdiği ve Kur’an bölümleri olan sureler, uzunluk ve kısalıklarına göre bazen bir bazen de birden çok konuyu işlerler. Üslup, vezin, konu, büyüklük gibi birçok açıdan Mekkî ve Medenî sureleri birbirlerinden ayırmak mümkündür. Mekkî surelerde tevhit, ahiret ve nübüvvet gibi temelde üç ana tema ele alınır. Medenî surelerde ise bunlara ilaveten genel itibariyle sosyal ve bireysel hayata ilişkin hükümlere, ibadetlere ve Yahudi ve Hristiyanlarla ilgili açıklamalara yer verilir. Âlimlerin çoğunluğu tarafından Mekkî bir sure olduğu ifade edilen Mâun suresi, konu, üslup ve nüzul dönemi itibariyle erken dönemde nazil olan kısa bir sure olmasına karşın, tefsirlerde parçacı bir yaklaşımla ve iki bölüm halinde tefsir edilmiştir. Özellikle 4-7. ayetler münafıklarla ilişkilendirilerek açıklanmış, buna bağlı olarak salat, riya, veyl ve mâûn sözcükleri Kur’an ve sure bütünlüğünde taşıdıkları anlamlar dikkate alınmadan izah edilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Mâûn suresinin Mekkî ve “bütün bir sure” olduğu düşüncesi, değişik açılardan ve farklı başlıklar altında incelenmiştir.

As the wage rate for labour escalates in agriculture, farmers opt for other power alternatives. Mechanization of farms provides an opportunity to overcome the issue of labour scarcity and rising cost of production besides facilitating timely farm operations thereby increasing yield and farmer’s income. An examination of existing level of mechanization across the states in different crops is computed during 2018 using mechanization index for 2001–02 and 2013–14. The study concludes that the extent of mechanization is not uniform across crops and states. Wheat is the most mechanized crop and Punjab shows highest level of mechanization in the farms. The factor demand elasticity estimates confirm that change in market prices of inputs significantly affect the machinery usage in paddy and wheat. Substitution elasticities also indicate substitution between machine labour and human labour in major crops during 1996–2013.

Risky and aggressive driving behaviors remain a serious safety concern across the globe. While engineering, education, and emergency medical services can affect the outcome of these behaviors, enforcement is a critical element of a well-rounded safety focus and has been proven to significantly reduce serious injury and fatal crashes. To appropriately and equitably allocate enforcement resources within a region, agencies must understand the relationship of crash locations (e.g., opportunities for improvement) and citation data (e.g., utilization of existing resources). To investigate this relationship, a case study approach was used to develop seemingly unrelated regression equation (SURE) models based on community attributes to predict crash and citation rates in the selected region. Through their application, regions that were overrepresented and underrepresented in their citation and crash rates were revealed. A geographic information system was used to illustrate these relationships using a combination of preliminary geospatial maps and maps based on the applied regression models. The resulting analysis revealed explanatory maps demonstrating potential enforcement gaps. The factors that most influence crash and citation rates were also revealed. This research provides a foundation for officials to improve the allocation of enforcement-related resources to equitably improve safety within a region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrangement of each word in the Qur'an contains different meanings in itself. The mufassirs who approaches the ver-ses with this point of view have pointed out this richness of meaning among the words. In this con-text, the literary arts in the surah of Fil clearly draw attention. The letter "lam fâsıla" among the verses of this surah makes itself very clear. In this respect, it adds literal beauty to the surah. Literary arts such as istiâre and teşbîh are also clearly seen in this surah. In this context, examining the meanings of istiâre and teşbîh in the surah is important in terms of emphasizing the literary aspect of the Qur'an. In addition, in the context of these literary arts, drawing attention to the depth of meaning of the surah increa-ses the importance of the subject in terms of appealing to the emotional side of the reader. The metaphorical art in the expression "Did not you see?" draws attention in terms of emphasizing the reality of the event. Explaining the concept of Ebabil as "tasbih" in the sense of heap and cluster is important in terms of explaining the effect of the Elephant Incident. The translation of this concept as an adjective as ebabil bird has some problems in itself. There is an uncertainty as to what kind of bird the Ebabil bird is. However, this problem disappears when this expression is interpreted as "simile". The aim of this study is to identify the literary arts and expressions in the surah and to highlight the depth of mea-ning they add to the surah. Since the subject covered in the surah is a historical event, it is important to treat the subject in terms of historicity and universality. For this reason, it is aimed to examine the sub-ject from these aspects as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RUMELI: Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Trakya University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Labour Law & Social Policy Issues / Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)