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In order to effectively deal with the issue of orderly segmentation of multiple attributes in dam deformation safety evaluation, a comprehensive evaluation method for deformation safety of dam based on attribute recognition and combination weighting was proposed by comprehensively considering the principle of minimum cost, confidence criteria and level eigenvalue. According to the characteristics and causes of dam deformation, the model selected crack, vertical displacement and horizontal displacement as the safety evaluation indexes of dam deformation. The K-S method was used to test the mathematical distribution of evaluation indicators. The safety monitoring indexes were formulated, based on the typical small probability method and the 30 principle. Furthermore, the improved game theory was introduced to combine analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method and the optimal combination weighting was carried out. Under the framework of attribute mathematics theory, a comprehensive evaluation method of dam deformation safety was built. The established method and set pair analysis method were applied to engineering examples for verification. The results show that the model has good feasibility and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extra-long underwater tunnels are important channels for realising cross-water traffic and play a crucial role in urban traffic. To study the influence of longitudinal slope, curve and combination of both on the driving safety of extra-long underwater tunnels, the physiological changes of drivers under the effect of different combinations of longitudinal slope and curve are analyzed. A driving risk evaluation model is established by introducing the coupling coordination degree, quantifying the relationship between the longitudinal slope, curve radius, and driving risk, and a reasonable combination of the longitudinal slope and curve is selected. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the physiological load of drivers between each longitudinal slope and curve. More specifically, the smaller the longitudinal slope and the larger the curve radius, the smaller the coupling coordination degree and better the driving safety. For a small longitudinal slope area (− 1.5% < longitudinal slope < 1.5%), the minimum curve radius is 400 m, and the ideal curve radius is ≥ 1700 m. For a small radius curve area (curve radius < 1000 m), the maximum longitudinal slope is − 1.5% (downhill area) and 2% (uphill area), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. Chebula, ཨ་རུ་ར།) is highly utilized in ethnic medicine. Its medicinal value is gradually being recognized and shows great potential in the improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) disorders. Tibetan medicine theory classifies this type of disease as one of the "Jie Xie Syndrome (བརྗེད་བྱེད།)." The role of T. Chebula in such diseases has been increasingly studied. This work aimed to elucidate the research progress of T. Chebula in alleviating MCI. The review offers a critical update on the current understanding of the effect of T. Chebula on MCI and highlights new opportunities for exploring its therapeutic potential. This review discusses the role of T. Chebula in alleviating MCI and provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional medicinal uses, chemical composition, toxicology, and quality control aspects of T. Chebula. This review covers 171 chemical constituents and 11 active constituents targeting MCI, such as flavonoids, which can alleviate MCI, primarily through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. T. Chebula shows potential as a natural medicine for the treatment and prevention of MCI. As an important part of ethnomedicinal resources, this work offers valuable insights for future research on T. Chebula-containing ethnomedicines. Research on traditional drug treatments, optimized treatment standards, improved societal knowledge about MCI, and development of an early detection system is essential to the diagnosis and treatment of MCI. These efforts will provide better treatment resources for patients with MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for K-prototype clustering, which can process mixed data types, is proposed first. An algorithm for information security evaluation of hybrid clusters based on K-prototypes was constructed. This method makes full use of the excellent global optimization performance of PSO and effectively solves the defect that the K-protection function quickly falls into local optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively prevent local extreme values and improve overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important carrier of sports services and the main force participating in the "short board" project of urban development, the renovation and upgrading of old stadiums have become an important trend for the sustainable development of venues in the context of urban renewal, consumption upgrading, and national fitness. However, owing to the complexity of the transformation process, the probability of safety accidents continues to increase, posing a serious threat to national property security. In order to reasonably evaluate the safety of the stadium renovation construction process and reduce the incidence of accidents in the renovation project, this study proposed a safety evaluation model for the stadium renovation construction based on the combination weighting extension model. First, according to the 5M1E theory, 27 influencing factors were selected, a safety evaluation index system for stadium reconstruction construction was constructed, and the safety evaluation grade of the index was quantified. Second, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and improved entropy weight method, the combination weight of the index was determined, and a safety evaluation model was constructed using the matter–element extension theory. Finally, the established evaluation model was applied to the example of stadium renovation, and the construction safety level of the renovation project was obtained. The research results showed that the model has strong operability, and the evaluation results are reasonable and reliable, providing a new concept for the safety control of stadium reconstruction construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground excavation by freezing method can ensure the safety of the surrounding structures. The influence of excavation of a connecting channel between two tunnels by freezing method on adjacent pipelines is studied in this paper. Combined with field measurement, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, the stress and deformation law of the whole process of channel excavation by freezing method is studied. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory prediction, the influence of temperature field and excavation parameters on the longitudinal deformation of pipeline is analyzed. The results show that the excavation rate significantly affects the pipeline settlement, and the settlement surges when the excavation rate exceeds 1.0 m/d. At the same time, the thick frozen soil wall formed by low freezing temperatures enhances the supporting ability and effectively reduces the formation disturbance and settlement. The study focuses on the influence of connecting channel excavation on the pipelines under uniform formation conditions, and puts forward the evaluation method of pipeline safety to provide a theoretical reference for engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The security of agricultural water resources is crucial for food security, ecological environment and the economic development of rural areas. In order to promote efficient utilization and sustainable development of regional agricultural water resources, taking into account the impact of uncertainties and complexities, this paper adopted methods such as ordinal relation analysis, entropy weight method, and TOP- SIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to select 11 typical indicators across three subsystems of water resources, ecology and agricultural water use to build an evaluation index system. This system was used to assess the agricultural water resources security status in 14 prefecture-level cities within the Yellow River water diversion area of Henan Province in 2022. The results show that among the 14 prefecture-level cities, except Kaifeng is the "unsafe" level and Xinxiang, Hebi, and Puyang are the "generally safe" level, the other 10 cities are the "relatively safe" level, which still has some distance away from the "safe" level. It recommends to implement measures such as improving water quality, increasing available water resources, adjusting crop planting structures, enhancing water resources utilization efficiency, and enforcing the strictest water resources management system to ensure the agricultural water resources security in the Yellow River water diversion area of Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To intuitively and systematically grasp the development status and trend of safety evaluation research in China's coal mining operations, we consulted relevant literature in the fields of "coal mine" and "safety evaluation" collected by China Knowledge Network, and deployed CiteSpace V software to summarize and analyze research pertaining to safety evaluation in China's coal mines from three aspects: research institutions, authors, and hot keywords. With respect to research institutions, the results show that although many researchers have conducted in‐depth evaluations of coal mine safety, most of these studies were independent, and two‐way information exchange and cooperation between research institutions remains scarce. With respect to authors, most cooperation between authors has been limited to team members, and relatively stable research teams have been formed. However, most of these research teams are independent. With respect to hot keywords, the trends of coal mine safety evaluation studies exhibit continuous change, with an overall increase in richness. According to the frequency burst times of important keywords, "entropy weight method" and "mining with pressure" are expected to remain important keywords in future evaluations of coal mine safety in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the finite element analysis method is used to extensively study the response of rockfall impact on pipelines with different erosion resistant coating. Based on the numerical results, the safety of the pipeline is comprehensively evaluated. Firstly, through the establishment of detailed pipeline and rockfall models, the impact of different rockfall materials and speeds on the pipeline is simulated. The results of the finite element analysis indicate that rockfall impact can cause significant stress concentration and deformation in the pipelines and damage to the coating. With the increment of impact speed, the damage to the pipeline also increases significantly, and different rockfall materials exhibit varying damage conditions, and it is found that fibreglass reinforced epoxy is better than the polyethylene coating. By comparing the analysis results under different conditions, the safety threshold of the pipeline under various rockfall impact scenarios is obtained. This provides an important theoretical basis and reference for the protection design and safety maintenance of the pipeline. The research in this paper not only aids in deepening the understanding of the mechanism of rockfall impact on pipelines but also serves as a valuable reference for improving the safety and reliability of pipeline engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives:Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre, commonly known as water pepper, possesses multifunctional potential. Our research focuses on its complex phenolic composition, bioactivity, safety evaluation and utilization in a sustainable manner. Moreover, a survey was conducted among the Serbian population to gain insight into the attitude towards traditional wild-growing herbs (i.e., P. hydropiper), the level of familiarity with their zero-waste culture, and to assess eating behaviors. Methods: A survey was conducted with 168 participants to assess attitudes towards traditional herbs, zero-waste culture, and eating behaviors, while cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, chemical analysis of secondary metabolites, and probiotic viability assays were performed to evaluate the effects of the PH extract. Results: Notably, P. hydropiper extract (PH) exhibits a diverse phenolic profile, including quinic acid (3.68 ± 0.37 mg/g DW), gallic acid (1.16 ± 0.10 mg/g DW), quercetin (2.34 ± 0.70 mg/g DW) and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (4.18 ± 0.17 mg/g DW). These bioactive compounds have been linked to anticancer effects. The tested extract demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on the human neuroblastoma cell line, opening questions for the further exploration of its mechanisms for potential therapeutic applications. Based on the toxicity assessment in the Artemia salina model, the PH could be characterized with good safety, especially for the lower concentrations (LC50 = 0.83 mg/mL, 24 h). The utilization of the spent PH material supports the viability of psychobiotic strains (up to 9.26 ± 0.54 log CFU/mL). Based on the conducted survey, 63.7% (n = 107) of respondents mainly prefer traditional instead of imported herbs. The respondents were skeptical about zero-waste edibles; 51.2% (n = 86) would not try them, and a bit more than half were not familiar with zero-waste culture (57.7%; n = 97). Only 8.3% (n = 14) followed a flexitarian diet as a dietary pattern. Conclusions: The use of underutilized traditional plants and their spent material could potentially contribute to the acceptance of a zero-waste culture in Serbia. Reinventing the use of neglected traditional plants and addressing ways for spent material valorization could contribute to the acceptance of a zero-waste strategy and encourage healthier eating behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis to investigate the effects of the installation of a barrier in a hydrogen refueling station (HRS) mock-up facility, with a dummy vehicle and dispensers in the vapor cloud region, during a hydrogen-air explosion using a gas mixture volume of 70.16 m3 was conducted to determine whether the radXiFoam v2.0 code with the established analysis methodology to predict the peak overpressure can be utilized to evaluate the safety of a HRS with such a barrier installed in a large city in the Republic of Korea. The radXiFoam v2.0 code was developed on the basis of the XiFoam solver in the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM-v2112 by modifying C++ source codes in several libraries and governing equations so as to ensure effective calculations of the hydrogen-air chemical reaction and radiative heat transfer through water vapor in a humid air environment and to remove unnecessary warning messages that arise when using the radXiFoam v1.0 code. First, we conducted a validation analysis on the basis of measured overpressure datasets from a near field to a far field of a vapor cloud explosion (VCE) site in the HRS mock-up facility to evaluate the uncertainty in prediction datasets by radXiFoam v2.0. After this validation analysis, we undertook CFD sensitivity calculations by installing barriers with heights of 2.1 m and 4.2 m at a horizontal distance of 2.3 m from the VCE region in the grid model used for the validation analysis to assess the effects of these barriers on reducing the peak overpressure of the blast wave. From these calculations, we judged that the radXiFoam v2.0 code can accurately simulate the effects of the barrier during a VCE, as the calculated overpressure reduction values according to the barrier height are reasonable on the basis of previous validation results from Stanford Research Institute's explosion test with such a barrier. The results herein imply that the radXiFoam v2.0 code is feasible for use in HRS safety when barrier installation must meet the technical regulations of the Korea Gas Safety Corporation in a large city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety assessment and control of large-diameter pipelines under tunnel blasting at ultrasmall clear distances is a significant problem faced in construction. However, there has been no reference case for the quantitative comparison of the disturbance degree of surrounding rock by using two blasting schemes of non-electric detonator design and electronic detonator design under a similar total blasting charge consumption. In this study, the blasting test was carried out based on the engineering background of drilling and blasting methods to excavate the tunnel under the water pipeline at a close distance. The peak particle velocity (PPV), stress, and deformation responses of the pipeline under the two construction methods of non-electric and electronic detonators were comparatively analyzed. The PPV can be remarkably reduced by 64.2% using the hole-by-hole initiation of the electronic detonators. For the large-diameter pipeline, the PPV on the blasting side was much larger than that on the opposite side because the blasting seismic wave propagated a longer distance and attenuated more rapidly, owing to its greater cavity vibration reduction effect. The PPV of the electronic detonators decayed more slowly than that of the non-electric detonators. The cumulative damage caused by consecutive hole-by-hole blasting using electronic detonators was less than that caused by simultaneous multi-hole initiation using non-electric detonators, with a reduction of about 50.5%. When the nearest peripheral holes away from the pipeline are detonated, the cumulative damage variable D and damage range increase rapidly. The PPV, dynamic tensile strength, and cumulative damage variables were used to evaluate the safety of the pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture and storage technologies play crucial roles in mitigating atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). Pipeline transportation is the primary method of CO2 transportation, making pipeline safety a priority. In this study, Fluent software was used to create a model for annular edge leakage flanges, which significantly differs from the traditional pinhole leakage model. This study aims to examine the impact of CO2 pipeline flow and pressure on the diffusion of gas leaking from the flange and to develop a precise correlation between the diffusion distance and substance concentration. The results indicate that an increase in flow and pressure intensifies the diffusion of the flange leakage. Specifically, for a leakage lasting 96 s at flow rates of 0.7 and 10 m3/h, the diffusion ranges for the 5% concentration alarm threshold are 0.47 and 2.86 m, respectively. Furthermore, at a speed of 10 m/s and a pressure of 0.4 MPa, the diffusion ranges for 5 and 2% alarms are similar, spanning from 0.33 to 0.35 m. This study provides theoretical support and technical improvements to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate accidents in submarine cable construction within the rapidly expanding offshore wind power sector, this study employed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and risk matrix method (LS) to assess the risks associated with identified factors. Based on project research and expert consultations, five primary and twenty-two secondary risk factors were identified. AHP was utilized to rank the primary risk factors by severity, probability, and detection difficulty, with the highest risk being the environmental impact, followed by third-party destruction and worker error. LS was applied to rank the secondary risk factors by likelihood and severity, with the highest risks being complex submarine topography, low underwater visibility, and fishing operations. The study proposes risk reduction measures based on these evaluations and offers methodological guidance for improving construction safety in similar enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic microorganisms widely used for their health benefits in the food industry. However, recent concerns regarding their safety have highlighted the need for comprehensive safety assessments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601, isolated from homemade plain yogurt, via genomic, phenotypic, and toxicity-based analyses. L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 possessed a single circular chromosome of 1,865,001 bp, with a GC content of 49.72%, and 1910 predicted coding sequences. No virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected. Although L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 exhibited antibiotic resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin, this resistance is an intrinsic feature of this species. L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 did not produce biogenic amines and did not exhibit hemolytic activity. Phenotypic analysis of enzyme activity and carbohydrate fermentation profiles revealed the metabolic features of L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601. Moreover, no deaths or abnormalities were observed in single-dose oral toxicity tests, suggesting that L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 has no adverse effect on human health. Finally, L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 inhibited the growth of potential carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, our results suggest that L. bulgaricus IDCC 3601 is a safe probiotic strain for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the post-marketing clinical safety of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection in the treatment of 625 patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Methods: A prospective, multi-center, non-controlled clinical study was conducted. The baseline data, drug use, disease outcomes, and safety of 625 patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury who had been treated with compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection in 46 clinical units from April 2020 to April 2021 were statistically analyzed. Results: In this study, 46 patients were cured and 529 patients were improved, and without death. There were 5 cases of adverse drug reactions, including 3 cases of mild adverse reactions and 2 cases of moderate adverse reactions; There were 19 adverse events observed, including 12 mild adverse events and 7 moderate adverse events. Lesions of skin and its appendages were the most common adverse reactions. Among other safety indexes, the number of patients with normal hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell count (WBC) after medication increased compared with that before medication(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and creatinine (Cr) before and after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection can promote the outcome of patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Adverse events and drug-related adverse reactions were occasionally observed during the study, and the clinical application is relatively safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the safety level of pile foundation construction for offshore wind power, in this study, the risk indicators of pile foundation construction were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and comprehensive evaluation methods. The pile foundation construction operation process for offshore wind power mainly includes four phases: preparation for construction, pile sinking, end of construction, and foundation scour protection construction. Pile foundation construction risk indicators are systematically identified as human factors, material factors, management factors, and environmental factors. The most important indicators for pile foundation construction for offshore wind power were evaluated using AHP and comprehensive evaluation methods, which included five indicators: piling equipment, protective equipment, special skills, safety awareness, and emergency management. The four more important indicators are workplace environment, lifting equipment, fire protection systems, and operations. According to the results of our evaluation of the pile foundation construction safety indicators presented herein, corresponding recommendations are made that consider four aspects—human factors, material factors, management factors, and environmental factors. The construction industry should focus on improving the safety measures related to aspects with greater risk indicators. Pile foundation construction for offshore wind power can be evaluated using the method discussed in this paper, allowing industry stakeholders to prioritize and focus on improving safety measures related to aspects with greater risk indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the post-fire safety evaluation of metal structures or parts thereof, we still rely too often on experiential and non-scientific methods, as there exists today no transparent approach allowing to perform this using reliability-based approaches. Nevertheless, hundreds of tests have been carried out in the past on carbon and stainless steels samples that have been subjected to a heating and subsequent cooling procedure. Unfortunately, up to now, these data were not processed in a statistical way and there exists no elaborate method allowing designers to assess structural safety after a fire has occurred in an existing structure. In this research, we have solved this issue by analysing the variation in material properties of metals over time, as a function of the maximum reached temperature, and by proposing a modified reliability factor adapted to the study of existing buildings. The method is explained in detail and provided with the necessary practical information so that it is straightforwardly usable by all those involved in a post-fire evaluation. In the end, a practical example is used to illustrate the differences between carbon and stainless steels, the post-fire behaviour of which were analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road crashes continue to be a leading cause of death globally, with most of these crashes reportedly occurring due to human factors. Traditional road safety assessment utilises geometric and traffic parameters that consider road design inadequacies and identify traffic conflicts. However, previous studies do not represent risky driving behavior and its influence on crash occurrence. Incorporating human factors into safety evaluation is crucial to enhance the prediction and subsequent prevention of unsafe events. This research establishes a methodology to identify risky driving behavior using driving performance measures. These measures are computed based on continuous driving profiles collected using instrumented vehicles from a sample set of drivers on an expressway and are compared with historical crash data. The results indicate the significance of driving performance measures in evaluating road safety. The performance measures find application in collision avoidance systems, assessing the road design quality, testing safety countermeasures and guide for policymakers.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has eased the global food crisis and brought considerable economic and social benefits to countries. Because of the potential safety problems, it is necessary to make clear the molecular genetic characteristics, edible safety, planting, processing, and other aspects of the safety evaluation of GM crops. The safety problems existing in the cultivation of GM crops, safety evaluation and detection of GM crops were introduced in this paper, which provided the basis for safety evaluation and effective supervision of GM crops and their products. Commercial cultivation and reasonable supervision based on safety evaluation have far-reaching significance for ensuring consumer safety, enhancing the credibility of the national political system and enhancing citizens' confidence in the safety of GM crop products for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important indicator of dynamic performance, the vibration transmission among multi-layer track-bridge structures for different bridge spans under the updated 400 km/h train loads are not clear. The vibration transmissions of the longitudinal slab track-bridge on three typical bridge span lengths (i.e., 24 m, 32 m, and 40 m) under five updated train speeds and three train weights were investigated in this paper by developing a refined vehicle-track-bridge model. The results show that the wheel load reduction rate, acceleration, and contract force gradually increase as train speed and train load increase, especial for the vertical vibration of 40 m span. The lateral displacement of the track structure on the 32 m span and the vertical displacement of the track structure on the 40m span are the largest among three spans. The vertical vibration transmission at 200 km/h is the highest among five train speeds, and the acceleration transmission of the 24 m span is larger than that of two other spans before 300 km/h. The vertical wheel-rail contact forces of the 40 m span under 100% capacity are close to the allowable limit values, and all of current track-bridge structures could meet the needs of the 400 km/h speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) and to analyze potential factors impacting its effectiveness. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of CRO-infected patients from June 2020 to June 2023 were analyzed, divided into effective and ineffective treatment groups, and compared for clinical outcomes and adverse reactions. Multifactorial logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to identify influencing factors. Results: The study included 226 patients, with 124 in the effective treatment group and 102 in the ineffective group. A total of 293 CRO strains were cultured. The clinical efficacy rate of colistin sulfate was 54.87%, the microbiological efficacy rate 46.46%, and the hospital mortality rate 20.80%, with nephrotoxicity observed in 11.50% of patients. Multifactorial analysis identified APACHE II scores and vasoactive drug use as independent predictors of ineffective treatment, while treatment duration and albumin levels predicted effective treatment. ROC analysis indicated that albumin levels > 34 g/L, APACHE II scores < 13, and treatment duration > 10 days correlated with better clinical efficacy. Conclusion: Colistin sulfate is both safe and effective in clinical settings. Factors such as treatment duration, albumin levels, APACHE II scores, and vasoactive drug use independently affect its clinical efficacy, providing valuable guidance for its informed clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To intuitively and systematically grasp the development status and trend of safety evaluation research in China's coal mining operations, we consulted relevant literature in the fields of “coal mine” and “safety evaluation” collected by China Knowledge Network, and deployed CiteSpace V software to summarize and analyze research pertaining to safety evaluation in China's coal mines from three aspects: research institutions, authors, and hot keywords. With respect to research institutions, the results show that although many researchers have conducted in‐depth evaluations of coal mine safety, most of these studies were independent, and two‐way information exchange and cooperation between research institutions remains scarce. With respect to authors, most cooperation between authors has been limited to team members, and relatively stable research teams have been formed. However, most of these research teams are independent. With respect to hot keywords, the trends of coal mine safety evaluation studies exhibit continuous change, with an overall increase in richness. According to the frequency burst times of important keywords, “entropy weight method” and “mining with pressure” are expected to remain important keywords in future evaluations of coal mine safety in China.

In order to reduce the toxicity of inorganic arsenic and improve the bioavailability of selenium, this study used yeast to convert inorganic selenium into synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Through the screening of seven probiotic yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 18824 was finally screened as the best nano-selenium synthesized strain and its optimal nano-selenium synthesized conditions were established. The synthesized nano-selenium was observed and characterized in terms of structure and morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the safety of nano-selenium was verified by feeding experiments in mice for 30 days. ATCC 18824 synthesized nano-selenium exhibited good dispersion, presenting Se0 nano selenium monoliths of uniform size and full spherical shape, and the Na2SeO3 addition was controlled to be optimal at 0.5~1.5 mg/mL, 30 °C, and 60~72 h incubation. It was also found that nano-selenium was synthesized intracellularly and gradually released over time, ultimately excreted within 72 hours. The 30 days feeding experiment showed that nano-selenium had no significant effect on body weight change, organ index, blood routine and biochemical analysis, and major organ tissues in mice, verifying the safety of nano-selenium. Based on the results of the study, the present study successfully developed yeast-derived nano-selenium milk tablets with good sensory evaluation and rich nutritional content of 12.67 μg/g, 16.67 μg/g, and 33.33 μg/g of selenium, its nutritional value was higher than part of the commercially available milk tablets, showing its potential as a novel and safe food additive in the food processing industry application value in the food processing industry.

BACKGROUND: The highland barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is a staple food crop with superior nutritional functions in Xizang, China. It is often damaged by the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), which is an underground pest and difficult to effectively manage. To introduce a novel insecticide with unique mode of action, broflanilide (BFL) and its binary mixtures with chlorantraniliprole (CAP), fluxametamide, β‐cypermethrin or imidacloprid were screened out as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley in the present study. RESULTS: In the laboratory bioassays, BFL had outstanding insecticidal activity to black cutworm with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 0.07 mg kg−1. The mixture of BFL × CAP at the concentration ratio of 7:40 exhibited the highest synergistic effect with a co‐toxicity coefficient of 280.48. In the greenhouse pot experiments, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments at 8 g a.i. kg−1 seed could effectively control black cutworm, with a low percentage of injured seedlings <20% and high control efficacies of 93.33–100% during a period of 3–12 days after seed emergence. Moreover, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments could promote the seed germination and seedling growth of highland barley at the tested temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that BFL and BFL × CAP were effective and promising insecticides as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of nuclear energy, the nuclear technology has been widely used in various fields, such as industry, agriculture and medicine. However, the development of the nuclear industry also produces a large amount of radioactive waste, especially high-level radioactive waste (HLW), which has a quantity of nuclides with high radioactivity, high toxicity, long half-life and high heat generation. How to realize the long-term safe isolation of HLW from the environment is an important issue in global environmental protection. If it is not safely disposed, it will cause serious damage to the natural environment and human society. Therefore, the safe disposal of HLW is a key and difficult issue in nuclear waste management, and has been widely concerned by the international community. The deep geological disposal is generally considered to be the most effective and feasible method for disposing HLW. The main idea of deep geological disposal is to establish a geological disposal repository of HLW at a depth of 500-1 000 m underground where the processed HLWs are buried, and isolate HLWs from the biosphere through a multiple barrier system. The study of radioactive nuclide migration in geological barriers is one of the key topics for safety evaluation of deep geological disposal of HLW. In this paper, firstly the geological disposal of HLW and the study of radioactive nuclide migration were summarized, and then the key technologies of numerical simulation (the physical and mathematical models) for radioactive nuclide migration were discussed. Finally, the application progress of numerical simulation for migration of different radionuclides was analyzed. At present, there are the following main issues to be addressed in the study of radioactive nuclear migration: 1) The mechanism and law of nuclear migration are not completely clear, requiring more basic research and data support; 2) The experimental technology and equipment of nuclear migration need to be improved, requiring higher accuracy and sensitivity; 3) The numerical simulation of nuclear migration still has uncertainty and error, which needs more effective verification and optimization. The future research directions mainly include: 1) strengthening the theoretical study of nuclide migration and revealing the migration behavior and its control mechanism under complex conditions; 2) developing the experimental technology of nuclide migration and improving the quality and credibility of experimental data; 3) innovating the numerical simulation method of nuclide migration and enhancing the adaptability and prediction ability of the model; 4) improving the safety evaluation system of nuclide migration and establishing more reasonable evaluation indicators and methods.

The anticancer potential of quassinoids has attracted a great deal of attention for decades, and scientific data revealing their possible applications in cancer management are continuously increasing in the literature. Aside from the potent cytotoxic and antitumor properties of these degraded triterpenes, several quassinoids have exhibited synergistic effects with anticancer drugs. This article provides an overview of the potential anticancer properties of quassinoids, including their cytotoxic and antitumor activities, mechanisms of action, safety evaluation, and potential benefits in combination with anticancer drugs.

Abstract In recent years, the number of roadway floor rock burst accidents is increasing, which seriously restricts the safe production of the mine. Therefore, safety evaluation method of bottom coal thickness in thick coal seam roadway was studied. The research results shown that the stress concentration area of composite floor is distributed in coal seam or rock stratum with large elastic modulus. With the increase of floor rock strength, the stress of coal-rock composite floor increased gradually, but the displacement and energy decreased gradually. When floor rock strength was equal to bottom coal strength, the increase of floor stress and displacement with the change of bottom coal thickness was the smallest, which was 34.29% and 33.61% respectively. The elastic strain energy decreased from 14.58 to 9.85%. With the increase of bottom coal thickness, the stress and displacement of coal-rock composite floor increased first and then decreased, and the elastic strain energy decreased gradually. It puts forward the safety evaluation method of bottom coal thickness: floor failure depth → reasonable thickness of bottom coal → safety thickness of bottom coal. It can provide reference for design of roadway bottom coal retention and surrounding rock control in thick coal seam face.

The experiment aimed to screen probiotic yeast and provide a basis for subsequent yeast use as feed additives. Use yeast enrichment medium to isolate and screen yeast from Lanzhou fermented grains and sweet embryos sold, and evaluate their probiotic properties and safety. The results showed that two strains of Pichia kudriavzevii, one strain of Clavispora lusitaniae from Portugal, one strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and one strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus were obtained from Lanzhou fermented grains and sweet embryo. Among them, strain JM-4 had a short fermentation completion time, strong environmental adaptability, and strong vitality. It could survive in intestinal and gastric fluids and had good growth and probiotic properties. At the same time, this strain had no obvious toxic effects in mice, displaying good security. The research indicates that the five experimental strains of yeast show good safety for mice, making them suitable for the preparation of probiotic formulations, providing a reference for the use of yeast as feed additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as an intrinsic system for delivering functional molecules within our body, playing significant roles in diverse physiological phenomena and diseases. Both native and engineered EVs are currently the subject of extensive research as promising therapeutics and drug delivery systems, primarily due to their remarkable attributes, such as targeting capabilities, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity and mutagenicity. Nevertheless, their clinical application is still a long way off owing to multiple limitations. In this context, the Science Board of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of Japan has conducted a comprehensive assessment to identify the current issues related to the quality and safety of EV-based therapeutic products. Furthermore, we have presented several examples of the state-of-the-art methodologies employed in EV manufacturing, along with guidelines for critical processes, such as production, purification, characterization, quality evaluation and control, safety assessment, and clinical development and evaluation of EV-based therapeutics. These endeavors aim to facilitate the clinical application of EVs and pave the way for their transformative impact in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed traffic flow of various types of vehicles at bus station is severe, which has an impact on the overall safety of traffic. Especially upstream of bus station, since buses need to change lane in order to stop at the bus station, it interacts with social vehicles. Thus, in this paper, a two-lane CA model considering the mixed traffic flow composing of buses, cars and nonmotorized vehicles upstream of a bus station is proposed. Through several field surveys, the movement characteristics of the vehicles are obtained and the basic parameters are calibrated. For comparison, five cases about bus stops are studied. Several indexes (i.e. parallel time, blind area dwell time, time to collision, potential collision energy) are analyzed to assess the safety upstream of the bus station. Four safety indices are used to examine, based on simulation findings, the impact of bus station on vehicle safety and the significance of establishing exclusive nonmotorized vehicle lanes and exclusive bus lanes. Finally, several safety-related recommendations for drivers and management are provided. These findings offer a theoretical basis for driver management and optimal design of bus stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ensuring the safety of insecticides to natural enemy insects of pests is crucial for integrating chemical and biological control strategies. Broflanilide, a novel meta-diamide insecticide, exhibits high insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). To integrate chemical and biological control against M. persicae , we assessed the toxicity of broflanilide to Aphidius gifuensis , and evaluated its safety and sublethal effects. The LC10, LC25, and LC50 values of broflanilide against A. gifuensis were 0.733 mg/L, 1.613 mg/L, and 3.852 mg/L, respectively. The selectivity toxicity ratio of broflanilide to A. gifuensis was 1.516, indicating higher toxicity to M. persicae compared to A. gifuensis. The risk quotient of broflanilide to A. gifuensis adults was 6.18. The percent reduction in the emergence of the parasitoid pupae was −1.15, with a risk grade of 1. The sublethal concentration of broflanilide had no significant influence on the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R 0), and mean fecundity (F) of A. gifuensis in the F1 generation. The mean generation time (T) increased by 0.51 days and 0.39 days in the LC10 and LC25 treatments, respectively; the difference between LC10 treatment and the control was significant, while the difference between LC25 treatment and the control was not significant. The results showed that the sublethal concentration of broflanilide did not have a significant inhibitory effect on the population growth of A. gifuensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting 5G antennas on existing power transmission towers can meet the needs of both power supply and 5G communication. Current mounting techniques have the problems of cumbersome process and slow efficiency. This research designs a new type of mounting device of 5G Antenna on power transmission towers. The components and the installation process of this mounting device are introduced, the stress behavior of the mounting device under self-weight load, ice load and wind load is studied through finite element analysis (FEA), and the safety of the mounting device under self-weight load, ice load and wind load is verified through experiments. Furthermore, the safety of power transmission towers is evaluated after 5G antenna is mounted under environmental loads. The results show that: (1) the wind load has the dominant effect on the 5G mounting device, and the proportion of stress caused by wind load is between 89–97%; (2) FEA and experiment show that all the stresses of the device components do not exceed the yield strength limit 355 MPa, indicating that the mounting device is safe to support the 5G antenna under gravity, ice load and wind load; (3) the displacements and stresses of power transmission towers will increase after 5G antenna is mounted, but the values do not exceed the limit, indicating that the power transmission towers are still safe for operation after 5G antenna is mounted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are a group of complex carbohydrates highly abundant in human milk, have been recognized as critical functional biomolecules for infant health. Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) is one of the most abundant HMO members and the most dominant core structure of HMO. The promising physiological effects of LNT have been well documented, including prebiotic property, antiadhesive antimicrobial activity, and antiviral effect. Its safety has been evaluated and it has been commercially added to infant formula as a functional ingredient. Because of great commercial importance of LNT, increasing attention has been paid to its highly efficient biological production. In particular, microbial synthesis based on metabolic engineering displays obvious advantages in large-scale production of LNT. This review contains important information about the recent progress in physiological effects, safety evaluation, and biosynthesis of LNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the operation of fabricated small box girder bridges, which face safety issues such as structural degradation and failure, there is an urgent need to propose a safety evaluation method to cope with the possible risks. This article quantitatively evaluates the safety state of a fabricated small box girder bridge in Wuhan City based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and structural health monitoring (SHM) data. Firstly, the FAHP model is established, and stress, deformation, and temperature are selected as evaluation factors. The safety thresholds of stress and deformation are determined by combining the industry specifications and the historical statistical patterns of the massive SHM data. The temperature field of the bridge is simulated and analyzed by combining ANSYS, HYPERMESH, and TAITHREM, and the most unfavorable temperature gradient is determined as a threshold for the safety evaluation. Finally, the scores of indexes of the bridge are determined based on the measured SHM data, which in turn provides a quantitative description of the safety state. The results show that the thresholds determined by the joint industry specifications and the massive SHM data are reasonable; the temperature field simulation model established in this article is consistent with the measured results, and can accurately determine the temperature gradient of the bridge. The safety evaluation result from the FAHP model is the same as the field test results, which verifies the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method to actual bridge projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant health care burden globally, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. CCoat, a novel poly(2-[methacryloyloxy]ethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC)ylated liposome device, protects the cartilage surface of the joint from mechanical wear through an entropy-favored process. Two preclinical studies were performed to explore the safety of CCoat following repeated intra-articular (IA) injections into the knee joint (i.e., femorotibial joint) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The studies involved 2 or 3 IA injections, at an interval of 2 or 3 weeks, and an observation period of 1 or 13 weeks after the last injection. Assessments included clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescent evaluations. In study 1, no mortality or abnormal clinical signs occurred. At 1 week post last injection, histopathology revealed minimal vacuolated macrophages beneath the synovial membrane, predominantly M2-like, indicating a nonadverse response. Immunofluorescent staining supported M2-like macrophage predominance. Study 2 confirmed these findings with no systemic effects over 13 weeks. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences in body weight, clinical pathology, or organ weights compared with controls. Results affirming the safety of pMPCylated liposomes following repeated IA injections in rat. This novel lubricant coating approach shows promise in OA therapy, with this safety assessment supporting its potential clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a widely studied species known for its probiotic properties that can help alleviate serum cholesterol levels. Whole-genome sequencing provides genetic information on probiotic attributes, metabolic activities and safety assessment. This study investigates the probiotic properties of strain CRM56-2, isolated from Thai fermented tea leaves, using Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) to evaluate the safety, health-promoting genes and functional analysis. Strain CRM56-2 showed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, assimilated cholesterol at a rate of 75.94%, tolerated acidic and bile environments and attached to Caco-2 cells. Based on ANIb (98.9%), ANIm (99.2%), and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (98.3%), strain CRM56-2 was identified as L. plantarum. In silico analysis revealed that it was not pathogenic and contained no antibioticresistance genes or plasmids. L. plantarum CRM56-2 possessed genes linked to several probiotic properties and beneficial impacts. The genome of strain CRM56-2 suggested that L. plantarum CRM56-2 is non-hazardous, with potential probiotic characteristics and beneficial impacts, which could enhance its probiotic application. Consequently, L. plantarum CRM56-2 demonstrated excellent cholesterol-lowering activity and probiotic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 3-month toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys at a European contract laboratory, animals were infected with HAV, initially resulting in hepatic injury being incorrectly attributed to the test compound. Elevated serum ALT/AST/GLDH (5- to 10-fold) were noted in individual animals from all groups including controls, with no apparent dose, exposure, or time-related relationship. Liver histopathology revealed minimal to slight inflammatory cell accumulation in periportal zones of most animals, and minimal to slight hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis in 10/42 animals from all groups. As these findings were more pronounced in 6 drug-treated animals, including 2/6 in the low dose group, the draft report concluded: " treatment-related hepatotoxicity at all dose levels precluded determination of a NOAEL." However, the unusual pattern of hepatotoxicity suggested a factor other than drug exposure might have caused the hepatic effects. Therefore, snap-frozen liver samples were tested for hepatitis viruses using a PCR method. Tests for hepatitis B, C, and E virus were negative; however, 20/42 samples were positive for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Infection was strongly associated with increased serum ALT/GLDH, and/or hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis. Re-evaluation of the study in light of these data concluded that the hepatic injury was not drug-related. A subsequent 6-month toxicology study in HAV-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys confirmed the absence of hepatotoxicity. Identification of HAV infection supported progression of the drug candidate into later clinical trials. Although rarely investigated, subclinical HAV infection has occasionally been reported in laboratory primates, including those used for toxicology studies and it may be more prevalent than the literature indicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study compared the one‐time success rate of blind and endoscopy‐guided postpyloric feeding tube placement after implementing a comprehensive nursing scheme of intestinal blind placement for patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 179 patients with blind bedside placement and 118 with endoscopy‐guided placement. The primary outcome was the one‐time success rate of radiologically confirmed postpyloric placement. The secondary endpoints included the position of the tube tip, length of insertion, time of placement, and expenses. The safety endpoints were the incidence of complications caused by placement. Results: The results showed that the method of tube placement did not significantly affect the outcome of the first tube placement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.137–1.207; P = 0.105). Compared with endoscopy‐guided placement, blind placement was half the cost. We also found that a history of abdominal surgery (OR = 0.003; 95% CI = 0.000–0.059; P < 0.001) and longer intensive care unit (ICU) days (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.903–0.981; P = 0.004) were inversely associated with the one‐time success rate. Conclusion: Our study suggested that blind intestinal feeding tube placement has an equivalent one‐time success rate compared with endoscopy‐guided placement in hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke if operators can be trained well. However, the expenses of endoscopy‐guided placement were twice those of blind bedside methods. We also found that patients with abdominal surgery history and longer ICU stay were more likely to fail at the first placement. Further research is needed to replicate our single‐center observations in a larger population of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Smart Rail Transit is the property of Smart Rail Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)