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The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of the types of rocks and their physical properties. The characterization of these properties is often standardized to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the protocols. These must be approved by entities whose purpose is to improve the quality and competitiveness of companies and to protect the environment. Standardized water absorption tests could be envisaged to test the effectiveness of certain coatings in protecting natural stone against water penetration, but we found that some steps of these protocols neglect any surface modification of the stones, and hence may not be completely effective when a hydrophilic protective coating (i.e., graphene oxide) is present. In this work, we analyze the UNE 13755/2008 standard for water absorption and propose alternative steps to adapt the norm for use with coated stones. The properties of coated stones may invalidate the interpretation of the results if the standard protocol is applied as is, so here we pay special attention to the characteristics of the coating applied, the type of water used for the test, the materials used, and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the specimens.

Los modelos de suscripción surgen como un fenómeno prometedor en el negocio del retail, automatizando las compras recurrentes y eliminando intermediarios, permitiendo a las compañías generar vínculos cercanos con sus consumidores. Para los clientes, estos modelos se adaptan al cambio en las tendencias de preferencias y prioridades que exigen a la hora de comprar, donde se prioriza la comodidad y el bajo esfuerzo, buscando cautivarse a través de la adquisición de productos y preponderan el acceso sobre la propiedad de bienes. 1.Objetivos y preguntas de investigación ; 2. Estado del arte ; 3. Marco teórico ; Retención ; Variables e hipótesis ; 4. Diseño metodológico ; Muestro ; Métodos de análisis ; Recolección de datos ; Instrumento ; 5. Análisis y resultados ; Análisis de descriptivo ; Análisis de resultados ; 6. Limitaciones ; 7. Conclusiones ; 8. Discusión y recomendaciones. Magíster en Dirección de Marketing, CESA. Ubscription models emerge as a promising phenomenon in the retail business, automating recurring purchases and eliminating intermediaries, allowing companies to generate close ties with their consumers. For customers, these models adapt to the change in the trends of preferences and priorities that they demand when buying, where comfort and low effort are prioritized, seeking to be captivated through the acquisition of product and preponder the access over the ownership of goods.

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented and challenging changes to surgical practice, especially with the suspension of cancer surgery. There have been concerns regarding Covid-19 risk and infection to patients and healthcare workers, during major complex open surgical intervention, especially with minimally invasive surgery. This study examines the COVID-19 related risks to patients and healthcare workers following the re-introduction of major oesophago-gastric (OG) surgery. Methods This was an international, multi-centre, cohort study of open and minimally invasive oesophagectomy and gastrectomy procedures in specialist Upper GI centres, over a consecutive period of two months. Patients were recruited from nine European centres serving regions with a high population incidence of COVID-19 infections. 30-day operative morbidity and mortality data was collected for patients. All staff involved in the operative care of patients, were invited to complete a health-related survey. Results A total of 158 patients were included in the study (71 oesophagectomy, 82 gastrectomy), of which 87 patients (57%) underwent minimally invasive surgery (59 esophagectomy, 28 gastrectomy). A total of 403 staff were eligible for inclusion of which 313 (78%) completed the health survey. Non- standardised precautions to minimise against the risks of COVID for patients and staff were implemented at the centres. There were no cases of Covid-19 among patients in the post-operative period, however, two healthcare workers developed self-limiting COVID infection. Conclusion Precautions to minimise COVID-19 infection risk to healthcare staff and patients, have allowed the safe and successful reintroduction of major open and minimally invasive OG surgery.

El presente trabajo se construye basado en una investigación de campo y documental al inmueble ubicado en el barrio Chapinero de la ciudad de Bogotá, el cual ha sufrido una serie de lesiones de carácter físico, químico, y mecánico derivadas del mal estado de la estructura y los componentes constructivos, que por su edad y la falta de mantenimiento ha ocasionado que en su interior se evidencie un avanzado estado de deterioro visto en los asentamientos diferenciales, manchado en sus muros, pudrición en algunos elementos ornamentales de madera. A través de la historia clínica se determinó el diagnostico que condujo a plantear unas alternativas de intervención y las conclusiones del origen a las lesiones que más aquejan al inmueble. This work is built based on a field and documentary investigation of the property located in the Chapinero neighborhood of the city of Bogotá, which has suffered a series of damage of a physical, chemical, and mechanical nature derived from the poor state of the structure and the constructive components, which due to their age and lack of maintenance have caused an advanced state of deterioration seen in the differential settlements, stained on their walls, rot in some ornamental wooden elements. Throughout the clinical history, the diagnosis was determined that led to propose some intervention alternatives and the conclusions of the origin to the damage that most afflict the property. Especialista en Patología de la construccion http://www.ustadistancia.edu.co/?page_id=3956 Especialización