20 results on '"Samantha Simon"'
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2. Whole-genome sequencing to assess clonality in a series of prosthetic joint Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates – WITHDRAWN
- Author
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Samantha Simon, Mohamad Sater, Ian Herriott, Miriam Huntley, and Brian Hollenbeck
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are costly and cause increased morbidity and mortality for patients. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of both early postoperative and late-presenting PJIs. Although S. epidermidis is a normal part of the human skin microflora, its ability to form biofilm on implanted medical devices make it an important causative pathogen of PJIs. We investigated genetic, epidemiologic, and environmental factors contributing to S. epidermidis PJIs by performing whole-genome sequencing and clinical epidemiologic investigation of isolates collected from infected patients between 2017 and 2020. Methods: Patients with S. epidermidis isolated from a prosthetic joint that was placed at our orthopedic specialty hospital were identified using the microbiology laboratory records and electronic medical records. Whole-genome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based clonality analyses were performed using the epiXact service at Day Zero Diagnostics. These analyses included species identification, in silico MLST typing, phylogenomic analysis, as well as genotypic assessment of the prevalence of specific antibiotic resistance genes, virulence genes, and other relevant genes. For clonal isolates, additional reviews of surgical history and clinical data were performed. Results: In total, 62 S. epidermidis joint isolates were identified from 46 patients. Among these isolates, 52 were of sufficient purity to be used for genomic analysis (Fig. 1). A number of genes appeared in every isolate including sepA, smr, cap, sesB, sesG, and embp. Also, 6 S. epidermidis samples had a discrepancy between phenotypic resistance to oxacillin and the presence of the mecA resistance gene. We also identified 6 distinct clusters of isolates, all of which had SNP distances
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Animal Citizens: Do We Need to Rethink the Status of Animals or Human Citizenship Itself?
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Turquoise Samantha Simon
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Risk factors for surgical site infections in knee and hip arthroplasty patients
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Brian L. Hollenbeck and Samantha Simon
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Retrospective cohort study ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,Hip arthroplasty ,Infectious Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Orthopedic surgery ,Surgical site ,Medicine ,Smoking cessation ,Humans ,Surgical Wound Infection ,In patient ,business ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ,Surgical site infection ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
We performed a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with hip and knee arthroplasty in a high-volume orthopedic center with low overall SSI rates. Active smoking and revision arthroplasty both increased the risk for SSI. Former smokers were seen to have a lower SSI risk, demonstrating a potential benefit in implementing mandated smoking secession programs.
- Published
- 2021
5. Siglec-6 is a target for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Elisaveta Voynova, Stefania Pittaluga, Samantha Simon, Damian Kovalovsky, Adrian Wiestner, Matthew G. Cyr, Jeong Heon Yoon, Christoph Rader, Julie Alejo, and Ronald E. Gress
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,T cell ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ,Mice, SCID ,Biology ,Immunotherapy, Adoptive ,CD19 ,Article ,Cell therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,immune system diseases ,Antigens, CD ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Lectins ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell Proliferation ,Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,Hematology ,Immunotherapy ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Chimeric antigen receptor ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Stem cell - Abstract
The only current curative treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Chimeric antigen receptor treatment targeting CD19 for CLL achieved some complete responses, suggesting the need for alternative or combinational therapies to achieve a more robust response. In this work, we evaluated CAR-T cells specific for Siglec-6, an antigen expressed in CLL, as a novel CAR-T cell treatment for CLL. We found that detection of SIGLEC6 mRNA and Siglec-6 protein is highly restricted to placenta and immune cells in other tissues and it is not expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. We generated CAR-T cells specific for Siglec-6 based on the sequence of the fully human anti-Siglec-6 antibody (JML1), which was identified in a CLL patient that was cured after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), and observed that it specifically targeted CLL cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Interestingly, a short hinge region increased the activity of CAR-T cells to target cells expressing higher Siglec-6 levels but similarly targeted CLL cells expressing lower Siglec-6 levels in vitro and in vivo. Our results identify a novel CAR-T cell therapy for CLL and establish Siglec-6 as a possible target for immunotherapy.
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- 2020
6. Abstract A06: Direct and indirect effects of low-dose radiation on Tregs and antitumor efficacy among diverse tumor models
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Samantha Simon and Charlie Garnett-Benson
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Cancer Research ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,business ,Low Dose Radiation - Abstract
The impact of radiation on TREG cells remains controversial. Radiation has been shown by our lab, and others, to alter the phenotype of human tumor cell by enhancing their expression of the co-stimulatory molecules OX-40L and 4-1BBL. Both OX-40 and 4-1BB signaling have been reported to influence TREG frequency and function, and we hypothesized that radiation-induced changes in expression of these molecules could influence the frequency of TREG cells within tumors. We evaluated three widely used murine tumor models for these experiments. 4T1 (mammary), MC38 (colon), or CT26 (colon) cells were implanted s.c. into mice and treated locally with 8-10Gy of radiation. Several days after treatment the frequency of tumoral T cells, including CD4+Foxp3+ TREG cells, was evaluated by fluorescent IHC and flow cytometry. We found that radiation differentially impacted the frequency of TREGS among the three tumor models evaluated and appeared to correlate with expression levels of 4-1BBL and OX-40L on the tumor cells post-IR. The level of tumor control post-RT also mirrored expression levels of 4-1BBL and OX-40L on tumor cells. Interestingly, 4T1 tumors contained more total CD4+ cells within tumors, but contained less TREG cells within the CD4 population, after radiation as compared to MC38 tumors. 4T1 tumor-bearing mice also contained more CD4+41BB+ cells as compared to MC38 tumor-bearing mice. These differences may contribute to differences in the therapy responses of various murine models utilizing radiation and may serve as useful biomarker to predict antitumor responses post-IR. Citation Format: Samantha Simon, Charlie Garnett-Benson. Direct and indirect effects of low-dose radiation on Tregs and antitumor efficacy among diverse tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A06.
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- 2020
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7. Physician Assistants
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
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- Physicians' assistants--Vocational guidance
- Abstract
Physicians Assistants play a major role on the medical team, working with physicians to perform medical procedures, assist in surgeries, and treat patients in hospitals and other medical facilities. Physician Assistants go through a rigorous master's program, with a residency with the ability to specialize in various fields. What does it take to be a physician assistant? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day-to-day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering being a physician assistant as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2018
8. Speech Pathologists & Audiologists
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
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- Speech therapy--Vocational guidance--Juvenile literature, Audiology--Vocational guidance--Juvenile literature
- Abstract
Per the National institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders approximately 7.5 million people have an issue or trouble communicating or using their voices in some way or form. The people who treat these disorders are Speech Language Pathologists. Speech Language Pathologists diagnose, treat and rehabilitate any broken or non-developed communication skills whether it is speaking or tone to developing the ability to communicate at all. Speech Pathologists are highly needed and are suspected to grow ten percent in job demand in the next ten years. What does it take to be a Speech Language Pathologists? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day to day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering being a Speech Language Pathologists as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2018
9. EMTs & Paramedics
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
- Subjects
- Emergency medical technicians--Vocational guidance, Biomedical technicians--Vocational guidance
- Abstract
EMTs and Paramedics are often the first health-care personnel on the site of an accident where medical attention is needed. EMTs and Paramedics are known to treat 25 to 30 million patients a year in the United States on various 911 calls. Once a EMT or Paramedic arrives on the scene they will observe the environment, isolate patients, and treat and stabilize them to transport them to the needed medical facility. What does it take to be an EMT or Paramedic? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day to day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering being an EMT or Paramedic as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2018
10. That's Hot.
- Author
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FERRISE and SAMANTHA SIMON, JENNIFER and COSTIN, GLYNIS
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EMBROIDERY - Abstract
Heidi Klum I've worn some incredible looks, but the one that made me feel my best was the Valentino couture gown that I wore when I married Tom [Kaulitz, in 2019]. Gillian Anderson The 2017 Golden Globes was one of those rare events when the dress, clutch, shoes, hair, makeup, and confidence all came together. Some of my favorites have been the sheer black gown that I wore to the 2005 I Skeleton Key i premiere, the shimmering gold dress at the 2012 Venice Film Festival, and this gorgeous white gown with side cutouts at the 2015 Golden Globes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
11. Orthotists & Prosthetists
- Author
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
- Subjects
- Orthopedic apparatus, Prosthesis--Vocational guidance
- Abstract
When you join the forces of medicine and technology you get the career of prosthetics and orthotics. What prosthetists and orthotists do is create and mold different prosthetics and orthotics to help patients with amputations or any other injuries. Prosthetists and Orthotists allow for the improvement of life and function for any person with an amputation or any other type of orthotic injury. With the baby boomer population growing older and the need for prosthetics and orthotics on the rise, the need for prosthetists and orthotists is growing exponentially; showing one in two hundred people needing of a prosthetic or orthotic in the U.S. What does it take to be a Prosthetist or Orthotist? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day to day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering being a Prosthetist or Orthotist as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2017
12. Nurses
- Author
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
- Subjects
- Nursing--Vocational guidance, Nurses--Vocational guidance
- Abstract
Nurses spend more time with patients than any other medical professional, and act as a liaison between the patient and the rest of the health care team. There are an estimated 6.2 million nurses worldwide, making it one of the most popular professions in the healthcare field, with the number of people earning bachelor's degrees in nursing at an all-time high. What does it take to be a nurse? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day to day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering nursing as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2017
13. Clinical & Medical Laboratory Scientists
- Author
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Samantha Simon and Samantha Simon
- Subjects
- Medical technologists--Vocational guidance--Juvenile literature
- Abstract
To assist in diagnosis of a patient, laboratory tests are typically prescribed on a patient. These laboratory tests can be varied in the type of bodily fluid being tested, to what the fluid is being tested for. The health professional analyzing, testing, and helping assist in the diagnosis of these lab tests are medical laboratory scientists. Medical Laboratory Scientists analyze, and test what is going on inside a patient by the blood, urine, and other fluid samples. These medical professionals play a huge role in diagnosis of almost all diseases, it is said that 70 to 80 percent of a physician's medical decisions on any one patient are a direct result of laboratory test data, which are analyzed by Medical Laboratory Scientists. What does it take to be a Medical Laboratory Scientist? Readers will discover the profession: from the educational requirements, to the day to day tasks, to the developments in the field, as well as all the different job opportunities. This book will answer all the reader's vital questions when considering being a Medical Laboratory Scientist as a career. Every book in the Careers in Healthcare series gives readers the necessary tools to evaluate pursuing a career in the healthcare profession. Unique to this series are firsthand interviews with professionals aimed to give readers an upfront and close perspective into the daily lives of those currently working in the field. Each title in this series includes color photos throughout, and back matter including: an index and further reading lists for books and internet resources. Key Icons appear throughout the books in this series in an effort to encourage library readers to build knowledge, gain awareness, explore possibilities and expand their viewpoints through our content rich non-fiction books. Key Icons in this series are as follows: Words to Understand are shown at the front of each chapter with definitions. These words are set in boldfaced type in that chapter, so that readers are able to reference back to the definitions--building their vocabulary and enhancing their reading comprehension. Sidebars are highlighted graphics with content rich material within that allows readers to build knowledge and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos are offered in chapters through the use of a QR code, that, when scanned, takes the student to an online video showing a moment in history, a speech, or an instructional video. This gives the readers additional content to supplement the text. Text-Dependent Questions are placed at the end of each chapter. They challenge the reader's comprehension of the chapter they have just read, while sending the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there. Research Projects are provided at the end of each chapter as well and provide readers with suggestions for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. And a Series Glossary of Key Terms is included in the back matter containing terminology used throughout the series. Words found here broaden the reader's knowledge and understanding of terms used in this field.
- Published
- 2017
14. Xerostomia impacts oral health-related quality of life in individuals with end-stage renal disease
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Leandro Machado OLIVEIRA, Caroline SCHÖFFER, Samantha Simoni SANTI, Laércio Cassol ARGENTA, Raquel Pippi ANTONIAZZI, and Fabrício Batistin ZANATTA
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Kidney failure, chronic ,Oral health ,Quality of life ,Renal dialysis ,Xerostomia ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: This two-centre cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether xerostomia occurrence is associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after the adjustment for potential confounders. Methods: Oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners for untreated dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss in 180 adults with ESRD. The presence of xerostomia was determined using the global question “How often does your mouth feel dry?”. OHRQoL was evaluated by the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) questionnaire. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the nonzero scores and odds ratios (OR) of having no impact in OHIP14 scores according to the presence of exposure. Results: In the adjusted model, xerostomia (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.20) was associated with poorer OHRQoL. The adjusted domain-specific analysis revealed that xerostomia occurrence significantly impacted the psychological disability and social disability, and the chance of having no impact was lower for the psychological discomfort domain (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.98). Conclusion: Xerostomia exert an impact on OHRQoL in patients with ESRD, mainly in the psychological and social disabilities constructs.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Sub-lethal ionizing radiation alters Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in vitro and in vivo
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Samantha Simon, Charlie Garnett-Benson, and Anita Kumari
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Pharmacology ,Cancer Research ,Immunology ,FOXP3 ,hemic and immune systems ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Interleukin 21 ,Oncology ,In vivo ,Gene expression ,Poster Presentation ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,IL-2 receptor ,CD8 - Abstract
Meeting abstracts The use of sub-lethal radiation has been shown to alter cell phenotype and gene expression. T regulatory (Treg) cells are phenotypically defined as being CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells and are known to suppress the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Inhibiting the
- Published
- 2015
16. Abstract A69: The association between chronic stress and telomere length in African American men
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Samantha Simon and Wallace Sharif
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Oncology ,Genetics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Chromosome ,Cancer ,Disease ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Telomere ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Chronic stress ,Epigenetics ,education ,Body mass index - Abstract
The telomere is a region of repetitive DNA located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which protect genetic material from degradation during cellular replication. As a consequence of the inability of DNA polymerase to fully replicate the ends of the chromosome, the telomere progressively shortens as an organism ages. Telomere length in individuals is highly variable, and studies have shown that shortened telomeres are associated with poor prognoses in many diseases, including cancers and other diseases that disproportionately affect American-Americans. There is also strong evidence that environmental and behavioral factors can play an epigenetic role in telomere length homeostasis. Chronic stress is associated with shorter telomeres in women, but studies have not been explicitly done to assess the role of chronic stress in men or minorities. Though there is little evidence of a functional relationship between shortened telomeres and heightened disease states, it is clear that telomeres reflect the health of the individual. We hypothesize that telomere length can be used as a diagnostic indicator of health status, and that the average telomere length are shorter in African-American men due in part to higher levels of chronic stress. To test this hypothesis, we examined the telomere length of DNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of more than 40 African-American men and administered a stress survey to assess chronic stress levels. Preliminary analysis of the data indicates a potential negative association between stress and telomere length, though the results are not significant. We also observed a significant negative correlation between telomere length and body mass index. The results indicate that environmental factors can affect telomere length in African-American men, and that telomere length may be a useful health status indicator in this population. Citation Format: Samantha Simon, Wallace Sharif. The association between chronic stress and telomere length in African American men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A69.
- Published
- 2012
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17. Predicting death from COVID-19 using pre-existing conditions: implications for vaccination triage
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L Keoki Williams, Shujie Xiao, Neha Sahasrabudhe, Samantha Hochstadt, Whitney Cabral, Samantha Simons, Mao Yang, and David E Lanfear
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Medicine ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Introduction Global shortages in the supply of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have resulted in campaigns to first inoculate individuals at highest risk for death from COVID-19. Here, we develop a predictive model of COVID-19-related death using longitudinal clinical data from patients in metropolitan Detroit.Methods All individuals included in the analysis had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-six pre-existing conditions with a false discovery rate p
- Published
- 2021
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18. Distance-Based Lempel–Ziv Complexity for the Analysis of Electroencephalograms in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
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Samantha Simons and Daniel Abásolo
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Alzheimer’s disease ,electroencephalogram ,non-linear analysis ,Lempel–Ziv complexity ,distance-based Lempel–Ziv complexity ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The analysis of electroencephalograms (EEGs) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could contribute to the diagnosis of this dementia. In this study, a new non-linear signal processing metric, distance-based Lempel–Ziv complexity (dLZC), is introduced to characterise changes between pairs of electrodes in EEGs in AD. When complexity in each signal arises from different sub-sequences, dLZC would be greater than when similar sub-sequences are present in each signal. EEGs from 11 AD patients and 11 age-matched control subjects were analysed. The dLZC values for AD patients were lower than for control subjects for most electrode pairs, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01, Student’s t-test) in 17 electrode pairs in the distant left, local posterior left, and interhemispheric regions. Maximum diagnostic accuracies with leave-one-out cross-validation were 77.27% for subject-based classification and 78.25% for epoch-based classification. These findings suggest not only that EEGs from AD patients are less complex than those from controls, but also that the richness of the information contained in pairs of EEGs from patients is also lower than in age-matched controls. The analysis of EEGs in AD with dLZC may increase the insight into brain dysfunction, providing complementary information to that obtained with other complexity and synchrony methods.
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- 2017
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19. Univariate and Multivariate Generalized Multiscale Entropy to Characterise EEG Signals in Alzheimer’s Disease
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Hamed Azami, Daniel Abásolo, Samantha Simons, and Javier Escudero
- Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease ,complexity ,multivariate generalized multiscale entropy ,statistical moments ,electroencephalogram ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder leading to memory loss and changes in other cognitive abilities. The complexity of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals may help to characterise AD. To this end, we propose an extension of multiscale entropy based on variance (MSEσ2) to multichannel signals, termed multivariate MSEσ2 (mvMSEσ2), to take into account both the spatial and time domains of time series. Then, we investigate the mvMSEσ2 of EEGs at different frequency bands, including the broadband signals filtered between 1 and 40 Hz, θ, α, and β bands, and compare it with the previously-proposed multiscale entropy based on mean (MSEµ), multivariate MSEµ (mvMSEµ), and MSEσ2, to distinguish different kinds of dynamical properties of the spread and the mean in the signals. Results from 11 AD patients and 11 age-matched controls suggest that the presence of broadband activity of EEGs is required for a proper evaluation of complexity. MSEσ2 and mvMSEσ2 results, showing a loss of complexity in AD signals, led to smaller p-values in comparison with MSEµ and mvMSEµ ones, suggesting that the variance-based MSE and mvMSE can characterise changes in EEGs as a result of AD in a more detailed way. The p-values for the slope values of the mvMSE curves were smaller than for MSE at large scale factors, also showing the possible usefulness of multivariate techniques.
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- 2017
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20. Degrowth: A State of Expenditure
- Author
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Giacomo D’Alisa, Onofrio Romano, Joel Jay Kassiola, Timothy W. Luke, Fabrice Flipo, Andy Scerri, Michel Bourban, Turquoise Samantha Simon, Giacomo D’Alisa, Onofrio Romano, Jake Greear, Jennifer L. Lawrence, Emily Ray, Sarah Marie Wiebe, Benoît Schmaltz, John Martin Gillroy, Magalie Bourblanc, Corinne Delmas, Sophie Nemoz, Anne Monier, Joel Jay Kassiola, Timothy W. Luke, and Romano, Onofrio
- Subjects
Degrowth, Expenditure, State - Abstract
Degrowth is a challenge to the growth imaginary. It is a reflexive by-product of the European thoughts and socio-ecological struggles. However, it bridges with and search inspiration from sister movements that across the world struggle against the developmentalist regime and argue in favour of decolonial paths. In degrowth scholarship, the debate is open on how to implement a degrowth society. We try to suggest a specific path towards degrowth, particularly, inspired to Georges Bataille’s thought about dépense and (what he called) the “general economy”. A degrowth society, according to this key, cannot rely on the generalization of an individual effort of restraint. If we aim at escaping from the growth society, it is necessary to give back the managing of surplus at the collectivity. It is necessary to re-build a form of totality, defusing the particularization (individualization) at the basis of the bad infinity of growth. For this aim, we suggest “to use” existing institutions and state agencies, and to mobilize popular power to transform them, adopting Gramsci’s intellectual tools for thinking how a transition could evolve, overcoming a division between grassroots and policy, or bottom-up and top-down action.
- Published
- 2023
Catalog
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