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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human (rh)BMP-9 on bone regenerative potential in a mouse model of antibody-mediated antiresorptive therapy (AMART). A monoclonal anti-murine receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody (mAb) was used to create an AMART model in mice. rhBMP-9 combined with collagen membrane was implanted in calvarial defects in mAb-treated mice. After 4 weeks, the bone formative potential in the defects was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histological approaches. The groups implanted with rhBMP-9-containing collagen membranes demonstrated substantial osteopromotive potential, with significantly greater new bone volume (Sham + BMP-9 group; 0.86 �� 0.29 mm3 and mAb + BMP-9 group; 0.64 �� 0.16 mm3) than control PBS-membranes (Sham + PBS group; 0.44 �� 0.29 mm3 and mAb + PBS group; 0.24 �� 0.12 mm3) in both sham and mAb-treated mice. In line with in vivo study, bone marrow cells isolated from both sham and mAb-treated mice confirmed greater osteogenic potential upon stimulation with rhBMP-9 in vitro. These findings suggest for the first time that local rhBMP-9 administration might be a strategy to accelerate bone regeneration in the context of AMART.

La concentration croissante des industries alimentaires a, au moins en apparence, accompagné les mutations commerciales ayant abouti à la mise en place des super et hypermarchés. Les PMI traditionnelles, comme les commerces spécialisés, se sont effacés. D'autre part, il y a eu concomitance entre la concentration des structures commerciales et la poursuite, voire l'accentuation, de la concentration spatiale des productions dans un nombre réduit de régions. L'auteur se pose la question des interrelations entre les deux tendances qui ont animé l'évolution de l'agro-alimentation au cours des vingt dernières années : la tendance à concentration des structures commerciales d'une part, les phénomènes de relocalisation et délocalisation géographiques des productions d'autre part. Une première partie est consacrée à l'analyse des modes de commercialisation des produits périssables. La deuxième partie est centrée sur l'étude des modes de circulation des produits dans ces différents circuits et sur certaines de leurs conséquences d'ordre spatial pour les IAA.

Purpose Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) provides a unique tool for assessing cardiac energy metabolism, often quantified using the phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. Surface coils are typically used for excitation for 31P‐MRS, but they create an inhomogeneous excitation field across the myocardium, producing undesirable, spatially varying partial saturation. Therefore, we implemented adiabatic excitation in a 3D chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequence for cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7 Tesla (T). Methods We optimized an adiabatic half passage pulse with bandwidth sufficient to excite PCr and γ‐ATP together. In addition, the CSI sequence was modified to allow interleaved excitation of PCr and γ‐ATP, then 2,3‐DPG, to enable PCr/ATP determination with blood correction. Nine volunteers were scanned at 2 transmit voltages to confirm that measured PCr/ATP was independent of B1+ (i.e. over the adiabatic threshold). Six septal voxels were evaluated for each volunteer. Results Phantom experiments showed that adiabatic excitation can be reached at the depth of the heart using our pulse. The mean evaluated cardiac PCr/ATP ratio from all 9 volunteers corrected for blood signal was 2.14 ± 0.16. Comparing the two acquisitions with different voltages resulted in a minimal mean difference of −0.005. Conclusion Adiabatic excitation is possible in the human heart at 7 T, and gives consistent PCr/ATP ratios. Magn Reson Med 78:1667–1673, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.