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37 results on '"School of Chemistry [Wollongong]"'

1. Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to species-specific hetero-aggregation

Author: Hélène Hégaret, Christophe Lambert, Arnaud Huvet, Marc Long, Ika Paul-Pont, Philippe Soudant, Brivaëla Moriceau, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-15-CE34-0006,Nanoplastics,Microplastiques, nanoplastiques dans l'environnement marin: caractérisation, impacts et évaluation des risques sanitaires.(2015), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Aggregates, Microplastics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Species Specificity, Aquatic plant, Phytoplankton, Botany, Microalgae, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Polystyrene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, chemistry.chemical_classification, Marine, ACL, Microplastic, Dinoflagellate, General Medicine, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Diatom, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Dinoflagellida, Polystyrenes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: To understand the fate and impacts of microplastics (MP) in the marine ecosystems, it is essential to investigate their interactions with phytoplankton as these may affect MP bioavailability to marine organisms as well as their fate in the water column. However, the behaviour of MP with marine phytoplanktonic cells remains little studied and thus unpredictable. The present study assessed the potential for phytoplankton cells to form hetero-aggregates with small micro-polystyrene (micro-PS) particles depending on microalgal species and physiological status. A prymnesiophycea, Tisochrysis lutea, a dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa triquetra, and a diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile, were exposed to micro-PS (2 μm diameter; 3.96 μg L −1 ) during their growth culture cycles. Micro-PS were quantified using an innovative flow-cytometry approach, which allowed the monitoring of the micro-PS repartition in microalgal cultures and the distinction between free suspended micro-PS and hetero-aggregates of micro-PS and microalgae. Hetero-aggregation was observed for C. neogracile during the stationary growth phase. The highest levels of micro-PS were “lost” from solution, sticking to flasks, with T. lutea and H. triquetra cultures. This loss of micro-PS sticking to the flask walls increased with the age of the culture for both species. No effects of micro-PS were observed on microalgal physiology in terms of growth and chlorophyll fluorescence. Overall, these results highlight the potential for single phytoplankton cells and residual organic matter to interact with microplastics, and thus potentially influence their distribution and bioavailability in experimental systems and the water column.
Published: 2017
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2. Spaceborne Measurements of Formic and Acetic Acid: A Global View of the Regional Sources

Author: Michael Schneider, Frank Hase, Emmanuel Mahieu, T. Stavrakou, Lieven Clarisse, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Ivan Ortega, Kimberly Strong, Daniel Hurtmans, Corinne Vigouroux, Domenico Taraborrelli, Pierre-François Coheur, Bruno Franco, Jean-François Müller, Erik Lutsch, James W. Hannigan, Cathy Clerbaux, Nicholas B. Jones, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], and Université de Liège
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, satellite remote sensing, formic acid, IASI, Formic acid, neural network, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Abundance (ecology), medicine, Géographie physique, infrared spectroscopy, Isoprene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Northern Hemisphere, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Geophysics, acetic acid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Formic (HCOOH) and acetic acids (CH3COOH) are the most abundant carboxylic acids in the Earth's atmosphere and key compounds to aqueous-phase chemistry. Here we present the first distributions of CH3COOH retrieved from the 2007–2018 satellite observations of the nadir-looking infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI), using a neural network-based retrieval approach. A joint analysis with the IASI HCOOH product reveals that the two species exhibit similar distributions, seasonality, and atmospheric burden, pointing to major common sources. We show that their abundance is highly correlated to isoprene and monoterpenes emissions, as well as to biomass burning. Over Africa, evidence is provided that residual smoldering combustion might be a major driver of the HCOOH and CH3COOH seasonality. Earlier seasonal enhancement of HCOOH at Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes and late seasonal secondary peaks of CH3COOH in the tropics suggest that sources and production pathways specific to each species are also at play., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020
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3. Seasonal variability of surface and column carbon monoxide over the megacity Paris, high-altitude Jungfraujoch and Southern Hemispheric Wollongong stations

Author: Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Daniel Hurtmans, Christof Janssen, Bruno Franco, Nicholas B. Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T. Griffith, P. Jeseck, Yao Té, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Observatoire de Paris, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong [Australia], School of Chemistry [Wollongong], Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory (ACOML), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), UPMC (Université Pierre et marie Curie), Région Ile de France, IPSL (Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace), Australian Research Council, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, MOPITT, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Phénomènes atmosphériques, medicine, Southern Hemisphere, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Northern Hemisphere, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper studies the seasonal variation of surface and column CO at three different sites (Paris, Jungfraujoch and Wollongong), with an emphasis on establishing a link between the CO vertical distribution and the nature of CO emission sources. We find the first evidence of a time lag between surface and free tropospheric CO seasonal variations in the Northern Hemisphere. The CO seasonal variability obtained from the total columns and free tropospheric partial columns shows a maximum around March-April and a minimum around September-October in the Northern Hemisphere (Paris and Jungfraujoch). In the Southern Hemisphere (Wollongong) this seasonal variability is shifted by about 6 months. Satellite observations by the IASI-MetOp (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) instruments confirm this seasonality. Ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) measurements provide useful complementary information due to good sensitivity in the boundary layer. In situ surface measurements of CO volume mixing ratios at the Paris and Jungfraujoch sites reveal a time lag of the near-surface seasonal variability of about 2 months with respect to the total column variability at the same sites. The chemical transport model GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model) is employed to interpret our observations. GEOS-Chem sensitivity runs identify the emission sources influencing the seasonal variation of CO. At both Paris and Jungfraujoch, the surface seasonality is mainly driven by anthropogenic emissions, while the total column seasonality is also controlled by air masses transported from distant sources. At Wollongong, where the CO seasonality is mainly affected by biomass burning, no time shift is observed between surface measurements and total column data., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016
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4. HCOOH distributions from IASI for 2008–2014: comparison with ground-based FTIR measurements and a global chemistry-transport model

Author: Jean-François Müller, Corinne Vigouroux, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Matthieu Pommier, Emmanuel Mahieu, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Clare Paton-Walsh, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), European Space Agency (ESA), and European Project
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 01 natural sciences, Global model, Signal on, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:QC1-999, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Phénomènes atmosphériques, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Brightness temperature, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Seasonal cycle, Southern Hemisphere, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. It is a major contributor to rain acidity in remote areas. There are, however, large uncertainties on the sources and sinks of HCOOH and therefore HCOOH is misrepresented by global chemistry-transport models. This work presents global distributions from 2008 to 2014 as derived from the measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), based on conversion factors between brightness temperature differences and representative retrieved total columns over seven regions: Northern Africa, southern Africa, Amazonia, Atlantic, Australia, Pacific, and Russia. The dependence of the measured HCOOH signal on the thermal contrast is taken into account in the conversion method. This conversion presents errors lower than 20% for total columns ranging between 0.5 and 1×1016 molec cm-2 but reaches higher values, up to 78 %, for columns that are lower than 0:3×1016 molec cm-2. Signatures from biomass burning events are highlighted, such as in the Southern Hemisphere and in Russia, as well as biogenic emission sources, e.g. over the eastern USA. A comparison between 2008 and 2014 with ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements obtained at four locations (Maido and Saint-Denis at La Réunion, Jungfraujoch, and Wollongong) is shown. Although IASI columns are found to correlate well with FTIR data, a large bias (> 100 %) is found over the two sites at La Réunion. A better agreement is found at Wollongong with a negligible bias. The comparison also highlights the difficulty of retrieving total columns from IASI measurements over mountainous regions such as Jungfraujoch. A comparison of the retrieved columns with the global chemistry-transport model IMAGESv2 is also presented, showing good representation of the seasonal and interannual cycles over America, Australia, Asia, and Siberia. A global model underestimation of the distribution and a misrepresentation of the seasonal cycle over India are also found. A small positive trend in the IASI columns is observed over Australia, Amazonia, and India over the 2008-2014 period (from 0.7 to 1.5%year-1), while a decrease of ∼0.8% year-1 is measured over Siberia., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016
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5. Modelling paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) accumulation in Crassostrea gigas by using Dynamic Energy Budgets (DEB)

Author: Yoann Thomas, Eric Rannou, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Philippe Soudant, Emilien Pousse, Marianne Alunno-Bruscia, Hélène Hégaret, Caroline Fabioux, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Zouher Amzil, Gonçalo M. Marques, Justine Castrec, Malwenn Lassudrie, Laure Pecquerie, Fred Jean, Marc Long, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique (LMBA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine, Environment and Technology Center (MARATEC), School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Alexandrium minutum, Dynamic energy budget, Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), Zoology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, medicine, Pacific oyster, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Shellfish, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Saxitoxin, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, fungi, Dinoflagellate, food and beverages, Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Shellfish poisoning, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Clearance rate
Abstract: International audience; As other filter-feeders, Crassostrea gigas can concentrate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) by consuming dino-flagellate phytoplankton species like Alexandrium minutum. Intake of PST in oyster tissues mainly results from feeding processes, i.e. clearance rate, pre-ingestive sorting and ingestion that are directly influenced by environmental conditions (trophic sources, temperature). This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model coupling the kinetics of PST accumulation and bioenergetics in C. gigas based on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. For the first time, the Synthesizing Units (SU) concept was applied to formalize the feeding preference of oysters between non-toxic and toxic microalgae. Toxin intake and accumulation were both dependent on the physiological status of oysters. The accumulation was modelled through the dynamics of two toxin compartments: (1) a compartment of ingested but non-assimilated toxins, with labile toxins within the digestive gland eliminated via faeces production; (2) a compartment of assimilated toxins with a rapid detoxification rate (within a few days). Firstly, the DEB-PST model was calibrated using data from two laboratory experiments where oysters have been exposed to A. minutum. Secondly, it was validated using data from another laboratory experiment and from three field surveys carried out in the Bay of Brest (France) from 2012 to 2014. To account for the variability in PST content of A. minutum cells, the saxitoxin (STX) amount per energy units in a toxic algae (ppsT) was adjusted for each dataset. Additionally, the effects of PST on the oyster bioenergetics were calibrated during the first laboratory experiment. However, these effects were shown to depend on the strain of A. minutum. Results of this study could be of great importance for monitoring agencies and decision makers to identify risky conditions (e.g. production areas, seawater temperature), to properly assess detoxification step (e.g. duration, modalities) before any commercialization or to improve predictions regarding closing of shellfish areas.
Published: 2019
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6. A rapid quantitative fluorescence-based bioassay to study allelochemical interactions from Alexandrium minutum

Author: Hélène Hégaret, Dianne F. Jolley, Géraldine Sarthou, Philippe Soudant, Christophe Lambert, Marc Long, Kevin Tallec, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cytotoxicity, Alexandrium, PAM fluorometry, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Pheromones, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phytoplankton, Botany, medicine, Bioassay, Fluorometry, 14. Life underwater, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Allelopathy, Organism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Harmful algal bloom, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Shellfish poisoning, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Diatom, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, Biological Assay, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Harmful microalgal blooms are a threat to aquatic organisms, ecosystems and human health. Toxic dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins and to release bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with potent cytotoxic, hemolytic, ichtyotoxic and allelopathic activity. Negative allelochemical interactions refer to the chemicals that are released by the genus Alexandrium and that induce adverse effects on the physiology of co-occurring protists and predators. Releasing BECs gives the donor a competitive advantage that may help to form dense toxic blooms of phytoplankton. However BECs released by Alexandrium minutum are uncharacterized and it is impossible to quantify them using classical chemical methods. Allelochemical interactions are usually quantified through population growth inhibition or lytic-activity based bioassays using a secondary target organism. However these bioassays require time (for growth or microalgal counts) and/or are based on lethal effects. The use of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry has been widely used to assess the impact of environmental stressors on phytoplankton but rarely for allelochemical interactions. Here we evaluated the use of PAM and propose a rapid chlorophyll fluorescence based bioassay to quantify allelochemical BECs released from Alexandrium minutum. We used the ubiquitous diatom Chaetoceros muelleri as a target species. The bioassay, based on sub-lethal effects, quantifies allelochemical activity from different samples (filtrates, extracts in seawater) within a short period of time (2 h). This rapid bioassay will help investigate the role of allelochemical interactions in Alexandrium bloom establishment. It will also further our understanding of the potential relationship between allelochemical activities and other cytotoxic activities from BECs. While this bioassay was developed for the species A. minutum, it may be applicable to other species producing allelochemicals and may provide further insights into the role and impact of allelochemical interactions in forming dense algal blooms and structuring marine ecosystems. The study proposes a new protocol that allows a fast and easy quantification of unknown bioactive extracellular compounds with cytotoxic activities.
Published: 2018
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7. Allelochemicals from Alexandrium minutum induce rapid inhibition of metabolism and modify the membranes from Chaetoceros muelleri

Author: Hélène Hégaret, Philippe Soudant, Géraldine Sarthou, Kevin Tallec, Dianne F. Jolley, Anne Donval, Christophe Lambert, Marc Long, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pigments, Photoinhibition, Photosystem II, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Alexandrium, Photosynthesis, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, education, Allelopathy, education.field_of_study, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Chemistry, ACL, Dinoflagellate, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, Enzyme assay, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Allelochemical interactions are likely to be a contributing factor explaining the success of large blooms of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium, however, the physiological mechanisms of allelochemical interactions remain poorly described. Here we investigated the sub-lethal effects (on an hourly scale) of a filtrate containing allelochemicals from Alexandrium minutum on the physiology of the common diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. The filtrate induced deleterious effects to the diatom physiology within only 30 min of exposure. Esterase activity and photosynthesis were drastically inhibited, with up to 34% of the population being metabolically inactive and up to 30% reduction in photosystem II quantum yield when exposed to the filtrate. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species increased by 26% in response to allelochemical exposure. C. muelleri pigment and lipid analyses indicated that the photosystem II was inhibited, with photoinhibition-like responses (activation of xanthophyll cycles, and changes in associated lipids) upregulated to mitigate the toxic effects of allelochemicals. Changes in the proportions of membrane lipid classes and increased membrane fatty acids saturation by 9% may be an attempt to maintain membrane integrity and associated enzyme activity, or could be the result of deleterious effects on membranes. An 8% decrease in cellular storage lipids (triglycerides) revealed a mobilization of energy suggesting an energetic cost for the diatom to counteract the allelochemical effects. We hypothesize that the rapid alteration of physiological functions such as photosynthesis and some enzymatic activities may result from direct damage on external membranes. Overall this study describes the sub-lethal mechanisms and provides useful biomarkers to understand the role of allelochemical interactions and associated ecological processes in structuring plankton communities.
Published: 2018
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8. Evaluation of column-averaged methane in models and TCCON with a focus on the stratosphere

Author: Ostler, Andreas, Sussmann, Ralf, Patra, Prabir K., Houweling, Sander, De Bruine, Marko, Stiller, Gabriele P., Haenel, Florian J., Plieninger, Johannes, Bousquet, Philippe, Yin, Yi, Saunois, Marielle, Walker, Kaley A., Deutscher, Nicholas M., Griffith, David W. T., Blumenstock, Thomas, Hase, Frank, Warneke, Thorsten, Wang, Zhiting, Kivi, Rigel, Robinson, John, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), UCL, Dept Chem Engn, Electchem Innovat Lab, London WC1E 7JE, England, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong [Australia], Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Earth sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, ddc:550, lcsh:TA170-171, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental engineering
Abstract: The distribution of methane (CH4) in the stratosphere can be a major driver of spatial variability in the dry-air column-averaged CH4 mixing ratio (XCH4), which is being measured increasingly for the assessment of CH4 surface emissions. Chemistry-transport models (CTMs) therefore need to simulate the tropospheric and stratospheric fractional columns of XCH4 accurately for estimating surface emissions from XCH4. Simulations from three CTMs are tested against XCH4 observations from the Total Carbon Column Network (TCCON). We analyze how the model-TCCON agreement in XCH4 depends on the model representation of stratospheric CH4 distributions. Model equivalents of TCCON XCH4 are computed with stratospheric CH4 fields from both the model simulations and from satellite-based CH4 distributions from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) and MIPAS CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) observations. Using MIPAS-based stratospheric CH4 fields in place of model simulations improves the model-TCCON XCH4 agreement for all models. For the Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) the average XCH4 bias is significantly reduced from 38.1 to 13.7 ppb, whereas small improvements are found for the models TM5 (Transport Model, version 5; from 8.7 to 4.3 ppb) and LMDz (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique model with zooming capability; from 6.8 to 4.3 ppb). Replacing model simulations with MIPAS stratospheric CH4 fields adjusted to ACE-FTS reduces the average XCH4 bias for ACTM (3.3 ppb), but increases the average XCH4 bias for TM5 (10.8 ppb) and LMDz (20.0 ppb). These findings imply that model errors in simulating stratospheric CH4 contribute to model biases. Current satellite instruments cannot definitively measure stratospheric CH4 to sufficient accuracy to eliminate these biases. Applying transport diagnostics to the models indicates that model-to-model differences in the simulation of stratospheric transport, notably the age of stratospheric air, can largely explain the inter-model spread in stratospheric CH4 and, hence, its contribution to XCH4. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to analyze how individual model components (e.g., physical parameterization, meteorological data sets, model horizontal/vertical resolution) impact the simulation of stratospheric CH4 and XCH4.
Published: 2018
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9. Does GOSAT capture the true seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide?

Author: Brendan Fisher, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Rigel Kivi, Frank Hase, Frédéric Chevallier, Ralf Sussmann, Yukio Yoshida, Robert J. Parker, Sourish Basu, Liang Feng, Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Isamu Morino, Makoto Inoue, Matthias Schneider, Paul I. Palmer, Christopher W. O'Dell, Hartmut Boesch, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Leicester, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Research Station ART, Zurich, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Northern Hemisphere, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Latitude, lcsh:Chemistry, Earth sciences, Amplitude, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Greenhouse gas, ddc:550, Environmental science, Satellite, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Longitude, Total Carbon Column Observing Network, lcsh:Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The seasonal cycle accounts for a dominant mode of total column CO 2 (XCO 2) annual variability and is connected to CO 2 uptake and release; it thus represents an important quantity to test the accuracy of the measurements from space. We quantitatively evaluate the XCO 2 seasonal cycle of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations from the Atmospheric CO 2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval system and compare average regional seasonal cycle features to those directly measured by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We analyse the mean seasonal cycle amplitude, dates of maximum and minimum XCO 2 , as well as the regional growth rates in XCO 2 through the fitted trend over several years. We find that GOSAT/ACOS captures the seasonal cycle amplitude within 1.0 ppm accuracy compared to TCCON, except in Europe, where the difference exceeds 1.0 ppm at two sites, and the amplitude captured by GOSAT/ACOS is generally shallower compared to TCCON. This bias over Europe is not as large for the other GOSAT retrieval algorithms (NIES v02.21, Re-moTeC v2.35, UoL v5.1, and NIES PPDF-S v.02.11), although they have significant biases at other sites. We find that the ACOS bias correction partially explains the shallow amplitude over Europe. The impact of the co-location method and aerosol changes in the ACOS algorithm were also tested and found to be few tenths of a ppm and mostly non-systematic. We find generally good agreement in the date of minimum XCO 2 between ACOS and TCCON, but ACOS generally infers a date of maximum XCO 2 2-3 weeks later than TCCON. We further analyse the latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere and compare the dependence to that predicted by current optimized models that assimilate in situ measurements of CO 2. In the zonal averages, models are consistent with the GOSAT amplitude to within 1.4 ppm, depending on the model and latitude. We also show that the seasonal cycle of XCO 2 depends on longitude especially at the mid-latitudes: the amplitude of GOSAT XCO 2 doubles from western USA to East Asia at 45-50 • N, which is only partially shown by the models. In general, we find that model-to-model differences can be larger than GOSAT-to-model dif-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 13024 H. Lindqvist et al.: Does GOSAT capture the true seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide? ferences. These results suggest that GOSAT/ACOS retrievals of the XCO 2 seasonal cycle may be sufficiently accurate to evaluate land surface models in regions with significant discrepancies between the models.
Published: 2015
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10. Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 3: Analysis and interpretation of trends

Author: Jean-Christopher Lambert, J. D. Wild, M. De Mazière, Birgit Hassler, Adam Bourassa, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andy Delcloo, Neil R. P. Harris, Richard Querel, Alan Parrish, Corinne Vigouroux, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Erkki Kyrölä, Amanda C. Maycock, P. K. Bhartia, C. D. Boone, Johannes Staehelin, Nicholas B. Jones, M. J. Kurylo, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Richard S. Stolarski, Stacey M. Frith, C. E. Sioris, Fiona Tummon, John Anderson, Greg Bodeker, H. J. Wang, B. Liley, D. A. Degenstein, Johanna Tamminen, Lucien Froidevaux, Karen H. Rosenlof, Chris Roth, Emmanuel Mahieu, Kaley A. Walker, Daan Hubert, Marko Laine, René Stübi, S T Leblanc, Joseph M. Zawodny, Sean M. Davis, Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bodeker Scientific, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Hampton University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, University of Toronto, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Harris, Neil [0000-0003-1256-3006], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Ozone, business.industry, Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine, Distribution (economics), Pinatubo eruption, Atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Ozone layer, Environmental science, business, Stratosphere, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number of new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere (as measured by equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine – EESC) was maximised in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the periods before and after the peak to see if any change in trend is discernible in the ozone record that might be attributable to a change in the EESC trend, though no attribution is attempted. Prior to 1998, trends in the upper stratosphere (~ 45 km, 4 hPa) are found to be −5 to −10 % per decade at mid-latitudes and closer to −5 % per decade in the tropics. No trends are found in the mid-stratosphere (28 km, 30 hPa). Negative trends are seen in the lower stratosphere at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres and in the deep tropics. However, it is hard to be categorical about the trends in the lower stratosphere for three reasons: (i) there are fewer measurements, (ii) the data quality is poorer, and (iii) the measurements in the 1990s are perturbed by aerosols from the Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991. These findings are similar to those reported previously even though the measurements for the main satellite and ground-based records have been revised. There is no sign of a continued negative trend in the upper stratosphere since 1998: instead there is a hint of an average positive trend of ~ 2 % per decade in mid-latitudes and ~ 3 % per decade in the tropics. The significance of these upward trends is investigated using different assumptions of the independence of the trend estimates found from different data sets. The averaged upward trends are significant if the trends derived from various data sets are assumed to be independent (as in Pawson et al., 2014) but are generally not significant if the trends are not independent. This occurs because many of the underlying measurement records are used in more than one merged data set. At this point it is not possible to say which assumption is best. Including an estimate of the drift of the overall ozone observing system decreases the significance of the trends. The significance will become clearer as (i) more years are added to the observational record, (ii) further improvements are made to the historic ozone record (e.g. through algorithm development), and (iii) the data merging techniques are refined, particularly through a more rigorous treatment of uncertainties.
Published: 2015
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11. Ozone Total and Partial Column Amounts Comparison between satellite-based METOP-IASI and ground-based NDACC FTS

Author: Sepúlveda, Eliezer, García , Omaira Elena, Schneider, Matthias, August, Thomas, Clerbaux, Cathy, Hase, Frank, Blumenstock, Thomas, Hultberg, Tim, Sanromá, Esther, Carreño, V., Mahieu, Emmanuel, De Mazière, M., Vigouroux, Corinne, Griffith, D., jones, nicholas, Smale, Dan, Notholt, Justus, Palm, Mathias, De Frutos, A. M., Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Atmosférico de Izaña, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), and Universität Bremen
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

12. Side-Chain Protons are Back with > 100kHz MAS

Author: Stanek, Jan, Andreas, Loren B, Jaudzems, Kristaps, Cala - De Paepe, Diane, Lalli, Daniela, Bertarello, Andrea, Schubeis, Tobias, Akopjana, Inara, Kotelovica, Svetlana, Tars, Kaspars, Pica, Andrea, Leone, Serena, Picone, Delia, Xu, Zhi-Qiang, Dixon, Nicholas E., Martinez, Denis, Berbon, Mélanie, El Mammeri, Nadia, Noubhani, Abdelmajid, Saupe, Sven, Habenstein, Birgit, Loquet, Antoine, Pintacuda, Guido, Biological Solid-State NMR Methods - Méthodes de RMN à l'état solide en biologie, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomed Res & Study Ctr, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

13. An update on ozone profile trends for the period 2000 to 2016

Author: W. Steinbrecht, L. Froidevaux, R. Fuller, R. Wang, J. Anderson, C. Roth, A. Bourassa, D. Degenstein, R. Damadeo, J. Zawodny, S. Frith, R. McPeters, P. Bhartia, J. Wild, C. Long, S. Davis, K. Rosenlof, V. Sofieva, K. Walker, N. Rahpoe, A. Rozanov, M. Weber, A. Laeng, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Kramarova, S. Godin-Beekmann, T. Leblanc, R. Querel, D. Swart, I. Boyd, K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, E. Maillard Barras, L. Moreira, G. Nedoluha, C. Vigouroux, T. Blumenstock, M. Schneider, O. García, N. Jones, E. Mahieu, D. Smale, M. Kotkamp, J. Robinson, I. Petropavlovskikh, N. Harris, B. Hassler, D. Hubert, F. Tummon, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Innovim LLC, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ESRL Chemical Sciences Division [Boulder] (CSD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Bc Scientific Consulting LLC, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institut für angewandte Physik [Bern] (IAP), Universität Bern [Bern], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), Centre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, Cranfield University, Bodeker Scientific, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Ozone layer, Montreal Protocol, ddc:550, Ozone profile trends, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 620 Engineering, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Satellite data, Period (geology), Environmental science, Upper stratosphere, Satellite, Ozone depleting chlorine, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km (5 hPa), 2000 to 2016 ozone trends are smaller and not statistically significant. The observed trend profiles are consistent with expectations from chemistry climate model simulations. This study confirms positive trends of upper stratospheric ozone already reported, e.g., in the WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment 2014 or by Harris et al. (2015). Compared to those studies, three to four additional years of observations, updated and improved data sets with reduced drift, and the fact that nearly all individual data sets indicate ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, all give enhanced confidence. Uncertainties have been reduced, for example for the trend near 2 hPa in the 35 to 60° latitude bands from about ±5 % (2σ) in Harris et al. (2015) to less than ±2 % (2σ). Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of possible drifts and differences between various data sources is still required, as is a detailed attribution of the observed increases to declining ozone-depleting substances and to stratospheric cooling. Ongoing quality observations from multiple independent platforms are key for verifying that recovery of the ozone layer continues as expected. Fiona Tummon was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant num-5 ber 20FI21_138017.
Published: 2017
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14. Backbone and side-chain proton NMR assignment in fully protonated proteins: microcrystals, sedimented assemblies, and amyloid fibrils

Author: Stanek, Jan, Andreas, Loren, Jaudzems, Kristaps, Cala, Diane, Lalli, Daniela, Bertarello, Andrea, Schubeis, Tobias, Akopjana, Inara, Kotelovica, Svetlana, Tars, Kaspars, Pica, Andrea, Leone, Serena, Picone, Delia, Xu, Zhi-Qiang, Dixon, Nicholas, Martinez, Denis, Berbon, Melanie, El Mammeri, Nadia, Noubhani, Abdelmajid, Saupe, Sven, Habenstein, Birgit, Loquet, Antoine, Pintacuda, Guido, Biological Solid-State NMR Methods - Méthodes de RMN à l'état solide en biologie, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomed Res & Study Ctr, Latvian Biomed Res & Study Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, University of Latvia (LU), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation pour la Chimie des Substances Naturelles, IR-RMN FR3050, Fondazione con il Sud (grant 2011- PDR-19), European Project: 648974,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,P-MEM-NMR(2015), European Project: 639020,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,Weakinteract(2015), European Project: 624918,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,MEM-MAS(2014), European Project: 661799,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,COMPLEX-fastMAS-NMR(2016), European Project: 661175,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,virus-DNP-NMR(2015), European Project: 317127,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,PNMR(2013), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, magic-angle spinning, proton detection, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, resonance assignment
Abstract: International audience; Wir beschreiben die sensitive Messung von alpha-Protonen in voll protonierten Proteinen durch Festkörper-NMR mit Rotation um den magischen Winkel (MAS) von 100-111 kHz. Die exzellente Auflösung in der Cα-Hα-Ebene wird für 5 Proteine gezeigt, darunter Mikrokristalle, ein sedimentierter Komplex, ein Kapsid und Amyloidfibrillen. Ausgehend davon wurde ein Satz 3D-Spektren für die sequenzspezifische Zuordnung der Rückgrat- und der aliphatischen Seitenketten-Resonanzen entwickelt. Dabei wurden nur 500 μg Probe verwendet. Diese Entwicklungen beschleunigen strukturelle Untersuchungen von biomolekularen Komplexen, die nur in Submilligramm-Mengen verfügbar sind, ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Deuterierung.; We demonstrate sensitive detection of alpha protons of fully protonated proteins by solid-state NMR with 100-111 kHz magic-angle spinning (MAS). The excellent resolution in the Cα-Hα plane is demonstrated for 5 proteins, including microcrystals, a sedimented complex, a capsid and amyloid fibrils. A set of 3D spectra based on a Cα-Hα detection block was developed and applied for the sequence-specific backbone and aliphatic side-chain resonance assignment using only 500 μg of sample. These developments accelerate structural studies of biomolecular assemblies available in submilligram quantities without the need of protein deuteration.
Published: 2016
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15. Impact of the New South Wales fires during October 2013 on regional air quality in eastern Australia

Author: David W. T. Griffith, Martin Cope, Solène Turquety, Clare Paton-Walsh, Geraldine Rea, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Emission factors, Regional model, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, chemistry.chemical_compound, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Smoke, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Injection height, Nitrous oxide, Boundary layer, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Emissions, Climatology, Sydney region, Carbon dioxide, Air quality, Environmental science, Satellite, Bushfires, FTIR spectrometer
Abstract: Smoke plumes from fires contain atmospheric pollutants that can be transported to populated areas and effect regional air quality. In this paper, the characteristics and impact of the fire plumes from a major fire event that occurred in October 2013 (17–26) in the New South Wales (NSW) in Australia, near the populated areas of Sydney and Wollongong, are studied. Measurements from the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer located at the University of Wollongong allowed a calculation of specific emission factors (EFs) in terms of grams per kilogram of dry fuel burned: 1640 g kg−1 of carbon dioxide; 107 g kg−1 of carbon monoxide; 7.8 g kg−1 of methane; and 0.16 g kg−1 of nitrous oxide. These EFs have then been used to calculate daily fire emissions for the NSW fire event using the APIFLAME emissions' model, leading to an increase of 54% of CO emitted compared to calculations with EFs from Akagi et al. (2011), widely used in the literature. Simulations have been conducted for this event using the regional chemistry-transport model (CTM) CHIMERE, allowing the first evaluation of its regional impact. Fire emissions are assumed well mixed into the boundary layer. The model simulations have been evaluated compared to measurements at the NSW air quality stations. The mean correlation coefficients (R) are 0.44 for PM10, 0.60 for PM2.5 and 0.79 for CO, with a negative bias for CO (−14%) and a positive bias for PM2.5 (64%). The model shows higher performance for lower boundary layer heights and wind speeds. According to the observations, 7 days show concentrations exceeding the air quality Australian national standards for PM10, 8 days for PM2.5. In the simulations, 5 days are correctly simulated for PM10, 8 days for PM2.5. For PM10, the model predicts 1 additional day of exceedance (one false detection). During this fire episode, inner Sydney is affected during 5 days by PM exceedances, that are mainly attributed to organic carbon in the model simulations. To evaluate the influence of the diurnal variability and the injection heights of fire emissions, two additional simulations were performed: one with all fire emissions injected below 1 km (CHIM_1 km), since satellite observations suggest low injection for this fire case, and one with a diurnal profile (CHIM_diu) adjusted to best match surface observations closest to the fires. CHIM_1 km displays less bias and root mean square error, and CHIM_diu presents a good agreement for hourly statistics for stations where peaks of PM are well captured, but enhances the differences when a peak is overestimated by the model. This sensitivity analysis highlights significant uncertainties related to these two key fire parameters (which add up to uncertainties on emissions), resulting in variations on concentrations of PM and CO.
Published: 2016
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16. Backbone Assignment of Fully Protonated Solid Proteins by1H Detection and Ultrafast Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR Spectroscopy

Author: Alessandro Marchetti, Lyndon Emsley, Stefan Jehle, Michele Felletti, Gottfried Otting, Anne Lesage, Guido Pintacuda, Michael J. Knight, Ah Young Park, Zhi-Qiang Xu, Nicholas E. Dixon, Yao Wang, ISA - Centre de RMN à très hauts champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University (ANU), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR 08-BLAN-0035-01 and 10-BLAN-713-01), the Joint Research Activity within Research Infrastructures in the 7th Framework program of the EC (BioNMR, contract n. 261863), the Australian Research Council., and European Project
Subjects: STRUCTURAL BASIS, magic-angle spinning, TERMINAL DOMAIN, Protonation, DNA polymerase, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, NMR spectroscopy, Protein structure, Magic angle spinning, Transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, DNA Polymerase III, Carbon Isotopes, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, scalar transfers, Proteins, PEPTIDES, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Deuterium, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Crystallography, MAS, RESOLUTION, STATE NMR, protein structures, Proton NMR, Protons, Hydrogen
Abstract: Narrow 1H NMR linewidths can be obtained for fully protonated protein samples in the solid state by using ultrafast magic-angle spinning (60 kHz). Medium-size microcrystalline and noncrystalline proteins can be analyzed without any need for deuteration of the protein sample. This approach provides assignments of the backbone 1H, 15N, 13C α, and 13CO resonances and yields information about 1H-1H proximities. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Published: 2012
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17. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of poly[(2,2′-bipyridyl)(4-(2-pyrrol-1-ylethyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)2]ruthenium (II) film

Author: Serge Cosnier, Dan Shan, Shou-Nian Ding, Yao Wang, Yueming Sun, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Biosystèmes Electrochimiques et Analytiques (DCM - BEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], and University of Wollongong [Australia]
Subjects: Electrochemical polymerization, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, law, Polymer chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrochemiluminescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chemiluminescence, Conductive polymer, Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Oxidation reduction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, lcsh:Industrial electrochemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:TP250-261
Abstract: Elelctrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of electropolymerized films based on [(2,2′-bipyridyl)(4-(2-pyrrol-1-ylethyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)2]ruthenium (II) was firstly investigated in both organic and aqueous solution. The ECL behaviors have been explained by two typical mechanisms, namely, redox-cycling type and oxidative-reduction type. For the former, no co-reactant was required and for the latter, tripropylamine (TPA) and (NH4)2C2O4 were selected as co-reactants in the organic and aqueous system, respectively. Keywords: Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), Electropolymer, Poly[(2,2′-bipyridyl)(4-(2-pyrrol-1-ylethyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)2]ruthenium (II), Redox-cycling, Oxidative-reduction
Published: 2010
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18. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: G. Forbes, Joseph M. Zawodny, C. Piccolo, Jeffrey R. Taylor, David W. Tarasick, Joe W. Waters, J. J. Jin, I. S. Boyd, B. J. Firanski, Sean D. McLeod, Larry W. Thomason, M. P. McCormick, Jonathan Davies, B.T. Marshall, E. Dupuy, H. Küllmann, C. Tétard, Michael Höpfner, F. Nichitiu, I. Kramer, I. S. McDermid, Alan Parrish, Martin McHugh, T. Steck, C. de Clercq, Nicholas B. Jones, M. De Mazière, P. Gerard, James R. Drummond, T. Blumenstock, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, C. T. McElroy, Emmanuel Mahieu, Greg Bodeker, Ryan Hughes, Chris Roth, T. E. Kerzenmacher, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Heinrich Bovensmann, Kimberly Strong, David W. T. Griffith, Ashley Jones, Jakub Urban, James W. Hannigan, C. D. Boone, M. A. Wolff, R. Skelton, J. Dodion, Donal P. Murtagh, D. A. Degenstein, Filip Vanhellemont, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Claude Robert, J. C. McConnell, Adam Bourassa, Johan Mellqvist, Ugo Cortesi, J. Kar, P. von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, John P. Burrows, Cora E. Randall, Yasuhiro Murayama, Astrid Bracher, Corinne Vigouroux, Peter F. Bernath, Philippe Baron, T. Christensen, C. von Savigny, Denis Dufour, Florence Goutail, Nicholas D. Lloyd, Matthias Schneider, T. von Clarmann, Anne M. Thompson, S. V. Petelina, Gloria L. Manney, Tobias Borsdorff, M. T. Coffey, Armin Kleinböhl, Simon Chabrillat, Craig S. Haley, José Granville, Valéry Catoire, A. Strandberg, Yasuko Kasai, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Chris A. McLinden, Simone Ceccherini, Herbert Fischer, D. P. J. Swart, A. Kagawa, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Hermann Oelhaf, Colette Brogniez, P. Demoulin, Kenneth W. Jucks, C. Senten, Lucien Froidevaux, Jean-Christopher Lambert, J. Zou, E. J. Llewellyn, Caroline R. Nowlan, Ralf Sussmann, Didier Fussen, Kohei Mizutani, Kevin Strawbridge, M.B. Tully, Kaley A. Walker, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch] (NIWA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Environmental Research Institute [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory (ESSL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Centre For Atmospheric Research Experiments, Environment Canada Sable Island, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), GATS Inc., NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], Department of Physics, La Trobe University, La Trobe University (Victoria), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Burrows, J. P., Christensen, T., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory ( ESSL ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), SHTI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Australian Antarctic Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Meteorology [PennState], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] ( BoM ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, and University of Oxford
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sunset, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, remote sensing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, atmospheric composition, 0103 physical sciences, remote-sensing, Atmospheric structrure, ddc:550, Sunrise, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Fourier transform spectroscopy, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric compoistion, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45-60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as -10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain
Published: 2009
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19. A new family of octanuclear Cu4Ln4 (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy) spin clusters

Author: Kerwyn G. Alley, Rodolphe Clérac, Colette Boskovic, Arindam Mukherjee, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre de recherches Paul Pascal (CRPP), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Lanthanide, Magnetisme, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Chimie de coordination, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Structure moléculaire, Crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ferromagnetism, Crystal field theory, Intramolecular force, Single-molecule magnet, Isostructural, Ground state
Abstract: 5 pages; International audience; The reaction of Cu(OAc)2 and Ln(OAc)3 (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy) with 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3- propanediol (ampdH2) under solvothermal conditions has afforded a new family of isostructural octanuclear Cu4Ln4 complexes with the formula [Cu4Ln4(OAc)12(ampdH)8(OH2)2] (Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2) and Dy(3)) in good yield. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal weak intramolecular exchange interactions for 1 and 2. Ferromagnetic coupling is observed for 1 and attributed to Cu · · ·Gd interactions. In contrast, the magnetic susceptibility behaviour of 2 arises from a combination of intramolecular exchange interactions and the crystal field splitting of the 7F6 ground state of the TbIII ions.
Published: 2008
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20. Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO2 retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO2 at large and synoptic scales

Author: Massart, Sébastien, Agustí-Panareda, Anna, Heymann, Jens, Buchwitz, Michael, Chevallier, Frederic, Reuter, Maximilian, Hilker, Michael, Burrows, John, Deutscher, Nicholas, Feist, Dietrich, Hase, Frank, Sussmann, Ralf, Desmet, Filip, Dubey, Manvendra, Griffith, David, Kivi, Rigel, Petri, Christof, Schneider, Matthias, Velazco, Voltaire, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Antwerp (UA), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO 2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO 2 is controlled through the assimilation of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO 2 (XCO 2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO 2), and they are both evaluated against XCO 2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TC-CON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO 2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO 2 fields with an improved mean absolute error of 0.6 parts per million (ppm) and an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7 ppm compared to the free run (1.1 and 1.4 ppm, respectively) and an improved estimated precision of 1 ppm compared to the GOSAT BESD data (3.3 ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems, where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10-day forecast from each analysis at 00:00 UTC, and we demonstrate that the CO 2 forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest-scale weather patterns (of the order of 1000 km) even up to day 5 compared to its own analysis.
Published: 2016
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21. Improved HCOOH retrieval from IASI measurements: Comparison with ground-based measurements

Author: Pommier, Matthieu, Clerbaux, Cathy, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre-François, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Clare, Paton-Walsh, Vigouroux, Corinne, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], and Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Formic acid (HCOOH) is one among the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the atmosphere. HCOOH sources include emissions from vegetation, soil and biomass burning. To a lesser extent, it is also produced by motor vehicles. It is mainly a secondary product from organic precursors.HCOOH plays a role in the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere and on the global budget of tropospheric ozone (O3), and it is also a source of rain acidity in remote areas. There are however large uncertainties on sources and sinks and HCOOH is misrepresented in the global emissions inventories.In this work, we retrieve concentrations from spectra recorded by the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) instrument launched onboard the MetOp-A satellite in 2006. IASI is a nadir looking Fourier transform spectrometer, sounding the atmosphere with a global coverage twice per day. The HCOOH global distributions are derived using a new retrieval approach, based on conversion factors between brightness temperature differences and representative retrieved total columns.We present global distributions and comparisons with FTIR measurements obtained at La Reunion, Wollongong and Jungfraujoch from 2008 to 2013. The IASI instrument provides a 6-year record for different regions, highlighting the signatures from biomass burning events and allowing the study of seasonal and interannual variations
Published: 2015

22. Acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from IASI satellite observations: global distribution, validation, and comparison with model

Author: Duflot, Valentin, Wespes, Catherine, Clarisse, Lieven, Hurtmans, Daniel, Ngadi, Yasmine, Jones, nicolas, Paton-Walsh, claire, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Vigouroux, Corinne, De Mazière, Martine, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Servais, christian, Hase, franck, Schneider, Matthias, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre-François, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Earth sciences, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, ddc:550, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract: We present global distributions of C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) total columns derived from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) for the years 2008–2010. These distributions are obtained with a fast method allowing to retrieve C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ abundance globally with a 5% precision and HCN abundance in the tropical (subtropical) belt with a 10% (25 %) precision. IASI data are compared for validation purposes with ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements at four selected stations.We show that there is an overall agreement between the ground-based and space measurements with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements ranging from 0.28 to 0.81, depending on the site. Global C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ and subtropical HCN abundances retrieved from IASI spectra show the expected seasonality linked to variations in the anthropogenic emissions and seasonal biomass burning activity, as well as exceptional events, and are in good agreement with previous spaceborne studies. Total columns simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) are compared to the ground-based FTIR measurements at the four selected stations. The model is able to capture the seasonality in the two species in most of the cases, with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements ranging from 0.50 to 0.86, depending on the site. IASI measurements are also compared to the distributions from MOZART-4. Seasonal cycles observed from satellite data are reasonably well reproduced by the model with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.31 to 0.93 for C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ daily means, and from 0.09 to 0.86 for HCN daily means, depending on the considered region. However, the anthropogenic (biomass burning) emissions used in the model seem to be overestimated (underestimated), and a negative global mean bias of 1% (16 %) of the model relative to the satellite observations was found for C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ (HCN).
Published: 2015
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23. Acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from IASI satellite observations: global distributions, validation, and comparison with model

Author: V. Duflot, C. Wespes, L. Clarisse, D. Hurtmans, Y. Ngadi, N. Jones, C. Paton-Walsh, J. Hadji-Lazaro, C. Vigouroux, M. De Mazière, J.-M. Metzger, E. Mahieu, C. Servais, F. Hase, M. Schneider, C. Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eurofins Expertises Environnementales - Maxéville, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: International audience; We present global distributions of C2H2 and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) total columns derived from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) for the years 2008–2010. These distributions are obtained with a fast method allowing to retrieve C2H2 abundance globally with a 5 % precision and HCN abundance in the tropical (subtropical) belt with a 10 % (25 %) precision. IASI data are compared for validation purposes with ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements at four selected stations. We show that there is an overall agreement between the ground-based and space measurements with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements ranging from 0.28 to 0.81, depending on the site. Global C2H2 and subtropical HCN abundances retrieved from IASI spectra show the expected seasonality linked to variations in the anthropogenic emissions and seasonal biomass burning activity, as well as exceptional events, and are in good agreement with previous spaceborne studies. Total columns simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) are compared to the ground-based FTIR measurements at the four selected stations. The model is able to capture the seasonality in the two species in most of the cases, with correlation coefficients for daily mean measurements ranging from 0.50 to 0.86, depending on the site. IASI measurements are also compared to the distributions from MOZART-4. Seasonal cycles observed from satellite data are reasonably well reproduced by the model with correlation coefficients ranging from −0.31 to 0.93 for C2H2 daily means, and from 0.09 to 0.86 for HCN daily means, depending on the considered region. However, the anthropogenic (biomass burning) emissions used in the model seem to be overestimated (underestimated), and a negative global mean bias of 1 % (16 %) of the model relative to the satellite observations was found for C2H2 (HCN).
Published: 2015
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24. Impact of copper exposure on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. physiology and domoic acid production

Author: Hélène Hégaret, Aurélie Lelong, Dianne F. Jolley, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], and University of Wollongong [Australia]
Subjects: Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, Cell Survival, Nitzschia, Physiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Esterase, Domoic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Copper toxicity, medicine, Animals, Flow cytometry, Chelating Agents, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, Phycotoxin, Kainic Acid, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Esterases, Diatom, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Pseudo-nitzschia, Copper, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; Microalgae have differing sensitivities to copper toxicity. Some species within the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce domoic acid (DA), a phycotoxin that has been hypothesised to chelate Cu and ameliorate Cu toxicity to the cells. To better characterise the effect of Cu on Pseudo-nitzschia, a toxic strain of P. multiseries and a non-toxic strain of P. delicatissima were exposed to Cu(II) for 96 h (50 μg l(-1) for P. delicatissima and 50, 100 and 150 μg l(-1) for P. multiseries). Physiological measurements were performed daily on Pseudo-nitzschia cells using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry to determine the cell density, lipid concentration, chlorophyll autofluorescence, esterase activity, percentage of dead algal cells, and number of living and dead bacteria. Photosynthetic efficiency and O(2) consumption and production of cells were also measured using pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry and SDR Oxygen Sensor dish. The DA content was measured using ELISA kits. After 48 h of Cu exposure, P. delicatissima mortality increased dramatically whereas P. multiseries survival was unchanged (in comparison to control cells). Cellular esterase activity, chlorophyll autofluorescence, and lipid content significantly increased upon Cu exposure in comparison to control cells (24h for P. delicatissima, up to 96 h for P. multiseries). Bacterial concentrations in P. multiseries decreased significantly when exposed to Cu, whereas bacterial concentrations were similar between control and exposed populations of P. delicatissima. DA concentrations in P. multiseries were not modified by Cu exposure. Addition of DA to non-toxic P. delicatissima did not enhance cells survival; hence, extracellular DA does not protect Pseudo-nitzschia spp. against copper toxicity. Results suggested that cells of P. delicatissima are much more sensitive to Cu than P. multiseries. This difference is probably not related to the ability of P. multiseries to produce DA but could be explained by species differences in copper sensitivity, or a difference of bacterial community between the algal species.
Published: 2012
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25. Validation of IASI FORLI carbon monoxide retrievals using FTIR data from NDACC

Author: T. Blumenstock, Emmanuel Mahieu, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Frank Hase, Clare Paton-Walsh, Omaira García, T. Ridder, Matthias Schneider, Nicolas Kumps, Maya George, M. De Mazière, Tobias Kerzenmacher, Cathy Clerbaux, Nicholas B. Jones, Bart Dils, David W. T. Griffith, Justus Notholt, U. Raffalski, Christian Servais, Daniel Hurtmans, Pierre-François Coheur, P. Demoulin, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), and University of Bremen
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Data products, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, Solar absorption, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric composition, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:TA170-171, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Carbon monoxide, Monóxido de carbono, Remote sensing, Espectrómetros, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, lcsh:Environmental engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Radiance, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract: Carbon monoxide (CO) is retrieved daily and globally from space-borne IASI radiance spectra using the Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI (FORLI) software developed at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). The IASI CO total column product for 2008 from the most recent FORLI retrieval version (20100815) is evaluated using correlative CO profile products retrieved from ground-based solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations at the following FTIR spectrometer sites from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): Ny-Ålesund, Kiruna, Bremen, Jungfraujoch, Izaña and Wollongong. In order to have good statistics for the comparisons, we included all IASI data from the same day, within a 100 km radius around the ground-based stations. The individual ground-based data were adjusted to the lowest altitude of the co-located IASI CO profiles. To account for the different vertical resolutions and sensitivities of the ground-based and satellite measurements, the averaging kernels associated with the various retrieved products have been used to properly smooth coincident data products. It has been found that the IASI CO total column products compare well on average with the co-located ground-based FTIR total columns at the selected NDACC sites and that there is no significant bias for the mean values at all stations.
Published: 2012
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26. Satellite evidence for a large source of formic acid from boreal and tropical forests

Author: Nicholas M. Deutscher, Clare Paton-Walsh, Lieven Clarisse, Jean-François Müller, Nicholas B. Jones, Corinne Vigouroux, Daniel Hurtmans, Pierre-François Coheur, Jozef Peeters, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, M. De Mazière, Cathy Clerbaux, David W. T. Griffith, Ariane Razavi, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Department of Chemistry [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), and University of Bremen
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Formic acid, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Taiga, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biogenic origin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Boreal, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental chemistry, mental disorders, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite (biology), Acid rain, Biomass burning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Formic acid contributes significantly to acid rain in remote environments1,2. Direct sources of formic acid include human activities, biomass burning and plant leaves. Aside from these direct sources, sunlight-induced oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons (largely of biogenic origin) is probably the largest source3,4. However, model simulations substantially underpredict atmospheric formic acid levels5-7, indicating that not all sources have been included in the models. Here, we use satellite measurements of formic acid concentrations to constrain model simulations of the global formic acid budget. According to our simulations, 100-120 Tg of formic acid is produced annually, which is two to three times more than that estimated from known sources. We show that 90% of the formic acid produced is biogenic in origin, and largely sourced from tropical and boreal forests. We suggest that terpenoids (volatile organic compounds released by plants) are the predominant precursors. Model comparisons with independent observations of formic acid strengthen our conclusions, and provide indirect validation for the satellite measurements. Finally, we show that the larger formic acid emissions have a substantial impact on rainwater acidity, especially over boreal forests in the summer, where formic acid reduces pH by 0.25-0.5.
Published: 2012
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27. Global CO 2 fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO 2 total column

Author: Chevallier, F., Deutscher, N., Conway, T., Ciais, P., Ciattaglia, L., Dohe, S., Frohlich, M., Gomez-Pelaez, A., Griffith, D., Hase, F., Haszpra, L., Krummel, P., Kyro, E., Labuschagne, C., Langenfelds, R., Machida, T., Maignan, F., Matsueda, H., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Ramonet, M., Sawa, Y., Schmidt, M., Sherlock, V., Steele, P., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Wennberg, P., Wofsy, S., Worthy, D., Wunch, D., Zimnoch, M., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia [Santa Cruz de Tenerife] (INM), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), South African Weather Service (SAWS), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Harvard University [Cambridge], Environment and Climate Change Canada, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), and Harvard University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2011
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28. A novel enzymatic bioelectrode system combining a redox hydrogel with a carbon NanoWeb

Author: Stephen F. Ralph, Gordon G. Wallace, Jun Chen, Nicolas Mano, Shannon Little, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (ARC), University of Wollongong [Australia], School of Chemistry [Wollongong], Centre de recherches Paul Pascal (CRPP), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors, carbon NanoWeb, Polymers, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Catalysis, Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate, Glucose Oxidase, Materials Chemistry, Electrodes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Conductive polymer, Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, General Chemistry, Electrochemical Techniques, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanostructures, Redox hydrogel, Enzyme, Electrode, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: 3 pages; International audience; A novel bioelectrode system has been prepared in which an enzyme and a conducting polymer hydrogel are combined in a nanostructured scaffold. The latter consists of fibres of carbon NanoWeb, grown by chemical vapour deposition onto reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). The catalytic currents produced by this new bioelectrode system are significantly larger than those obtained using conventional electrodes.
Published: 2011
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29. Validation of NO2 and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: Kerzenmacher, T., Wolff, M. A., Strong, K., Dupuy, E., Walker, K. A., Amekudzi, L. K., Batchelor, R. L., Bernath, P. F., Berthet, Gwenaël, Blumenstock, T., Boone, C. D., Bramstedt, K., Brogniez, C., Brohede, S., Burrows, J. P., Catoire, Valéry, Dodion, J., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D. G., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Goutail, Florence, Griffith, D. W. T., Haley, C. S., Hendrick, F., Höpfner, M., Huret, Nathalie, Jones, N., Kar, J., Kramer, I., Llewellyn, E. J., López-Puertas, M., Manney, G., Mcelroy, C. T., Mclinden, C. A., Melo, S., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Nichitiu, F., Notholt, J., Nowlan, C., Piccolo, C., Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Randall, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Richter, A., Schneider, M., Schrems, O., Silicani, M., Stiller, G. P., Taylor, James, Tétard, C., Toohey, M., Vanhellemont, F., Warneke, T., Zawodny, J. M., Zou, J., Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), Canadian Space Agency ( CSA ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] ( ATOC ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: Vertical profiles of NO2 and NO have been obtained from solar occultation measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), using an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and (for NO2) an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer, MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation). In this paper, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO version 1.2 NO2 data are assessed using other solar occultation measurements (HALOE, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, SCIAMACHY), stellar occultation measurements (GOMOS), limb measurements (MIPAS, OSIRIS), nadir measurements (SCIAMACHY), balloon-borne measurements (SPIRALE, SAOZ) and ground-based measurements (UV-VIS, FTIR). Time differences between the comparison measurements were reduced using either a tight coincidence criterion, or where possible, chemical box models. ACE-FTS NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO NO2 are generally consistent with the correlative data. The ACE-FTS and MAESTRO NO2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles agree with the profiles from other satellite data sets to within about 20% between 25 and 40 km, with the exception of MIPAS ESA (for ACE-FTS) and SAGE II (for ACE-FTS (sunrise) and MAESTRO) and suggest a negative bias between 23 and 40 km of about 10%. MAESTRO reports larger VMR values than the ACE-FTS. In comparisons with HALOE, ACE-FTS NO VMRs typically (on average) agree to ±8% from 22 to 64 km and to +10% from 93 to 105 km, with maxima of 21% and 36%, respectively. Partial column comparisons for NO2 show that there is quite good agreement between the ACE instruments and the FTIRs, with a mean difference of +7.3% for ACE-FTS and +12.8% for MAESTRO.
Published: 2008

30. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: E. Dupuy, K. A. Walker, J. Kar, C. D. Boone, C. T. McElroy, P. F. Bernath, J. R. Drummond, R. Skelton, S. D. McLeod, R. C. Hughes, C. R. Nowlan, D. G. Dufour, J. Zou, F. Nichitiu, K. Strong, P. Baron, R. M. Bevilacqua, T. Blumenstock, G. E. Bodeker, T. Borsdorff, A. E. Bourassa, H. Bovensmann, I. S. Boyd, A. Bracher, C. Brogniez, J. P. Burrows, V. Catoire, S. Ceccherini, S. Chabrillat, T. Christensen, M. T. Coffey, U. Cortesi, J. Davies, C. De Clercq, D. A. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, P. Demoulin, J. Dodion, B. Firanski, H. Fischer, G. Forbes, L. Froidevaux, D. Fussen, P. Gerard, S. Godin-Beekman, F. Goutail, J. Granville, D. Griffith, C. S. Haley, J. W. Hannigan, M. Höpfner, J. J. Jin, A. Jones, N. B. Jones, K. Jucks, A. Kagawa, Y. Kasai, T. E. Kerzenmacher, A. Kleinböhl, A. R. Klekociuk, I. Kramer, H. Küllmann, J. Kuttippurath, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, N. J. Livesey, E. J. Llewellyn, N. D. Lloyd, E. Mahieu, G. L. Manney, B. T. Marshall, J. C. McConnell, M. P. McCormick, I. S. McDermid, M. McHugh, C. A. McLinden, J. Mellqvist, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, D. P. Murtagh, H. Oelhaf, A. Parrish, S. V. Petelina, C. Piccolo, J.-P. Pommereau, C. E. Randall, C. Robert, C. Roth, M. Schneider, C. Senten, T. Steck, A. Strandberg, K. B. Strawbridge, R. Sussmann, D. P. J. Swart, D. W. Tarasick, J. R. Taylor, C. Tétard, L. W. Thomason, A. M. Thompson, M. B. Tully, J. Urban, F. Vanhellemont, T. von Clarmann, P. von der Gathen, C. von Savigny, J. W. Waters, J. C. Witte, M. Wolff, J. M. Zawodny, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory (ESSL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Environment Canada Sable Island, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] (IOAC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy-Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), GATS Inc., Atmospheric Sciences Division [Hampton], NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Physics [Victoria], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford [Oxford], National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory ( ESSL ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] ( IOAC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Meteorology [PennState], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Atmosphere Watch Section, Bureau of Meteorology, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC )
Subjects: 010309 optics, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain.
Published: 2008
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31. Stratomesospheric CO measured by a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer over Poker Flat, Alaska: Comparisons with Odin/SMR and a 2-D model

Author: Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Yasuhiro Murayama, Y. Kasai, Donal P. Murtagh, Miriam Sinnhuber, A. Kagawa, Nicholas B. Jones, P. Ricaud, E. Dupuy, Joachim Urban, Brice Barret, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Environmental Sensing and Network Group, National Institute of information and telecommunications technology, Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Futjitsu FIP Corporation, FIP Corporation, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Kyoto University [Kyoto]
Subjects: FTIR, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Correlation coefficient, Chemical transport model, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, Troposphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), mesosphere, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Radiometer, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, CO, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science, Polar, Thermosphere
Abstract: International audience; The interseasonal variability of stratomesospheric CO is reported from Poker Flat, Alaska, using spectra from a ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (gb-FTS) for the time period from 2000 to 2004. The CO spectra were analyzed using an optimal estimation technique that separates the tropospheric and stratospheric/mesospheric components into partial columns. The distribution of CO in the polar winter is such that the gb-FTS retrieved partial column is weighted to the mesosphere. The gb-FTS data are compared with measurements of partial column CO from the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer on board the Odin satellite and shown to be in very good agreement despite the relatively small sample size. The mean difference of the two data sets indicates a small positive bias (7.6 ± 6%) in favor of the Odin data, with a correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.91. The gb-FTS data indicate that there is a strong seasonal dependence of the CO partial column that is consistent with known winter polar thermospheric descent of CO enriched air. Year-to-year variability is explained in terms of mesospheric wind dynamics, which show 2004 and components of 2002 were affected by earlier than expected breakdown (30 ± 13 d) of the winter polar circulation compared with 2000 to 2003. Finally, the measured CO data is compared with a 2-D chemical transport model that gives support to the idea that springtime polar mesospheric CO is driven by meridional winds.
Published: 2007
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32. Annual variation and global distribution of strato-mesospheric carbon monoxide measured by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry

Author: Thorsten Warneke, Otto Schrems, Frank J. Murcray, Miriam Sinnhuber, Y. Kasai, I. Kramer, Nicholas B. Jones, Justus Notholt, T. Blumenstock, Stephen W. Wood, Voltaire A. Velazco, Frank Hase, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Global Environment Division National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Denver], University of Denver, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Global distribution, Climatology, Polar, Annual variation, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon monoxide
Abstract: We present long-term time-series of strato-mesospheric CO vertical columns measured from stations located in Antarctica, mid-latitudes and the Arctic, covering the period from 1997–2005. The instrument and the measurement technique allows the separation of tropospheric and strato-mesospheric contributions to the CO column, therefore providing information on the chemistry and dynamics both at low and high altitudes. Data from polar stations show a similar annual variability of strato-mesospheric CO with a strong maximum in late winter and spring and a small enhancement in late summer for some stations, which we call the "summer bulge''. Generally, the mid-latitude stations show no significant annual variability of strato-mesospheric CO columns. Measurements were compared with a two-dimensional chemistry-transport model of the middle atmosphere. The annual and latitudinal variations of CO are reproduced very well by a model run including thermospheric CO. Comparison with different model scenarios show that the polar winter maximum is due solely to downward transport of thermospheric CO, while the summer maximum is due to CHOx chemistry in the stratosphere.
Published: 2006

33. Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) variation from 1992?2004 by ground-based solar FTIR spectrometry

Author: Deutscher, N. M., Jones, N. B., Griffith, D. W. T., Wood, S. W., Murcray, F. J., School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Department of Physics, University of Denver, and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; Analysis of ground-based high-resolution solar FTIR absorption spectra from four sites was performed to determine trends and variability in OCS columns over the period 1992?2004. The sites were Wollongong, Australia (34.45° S, 150.88° E), Lauder, New Zealand (45.0° S, 169.7° E), Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8° S, 166.6° E) and Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5° N, 155.6° W). Small but significant long-term trends of ?0.18±0.02% yr-1 above Hawaii, ?0.30±0.12% yr-1 above Wollongong and ?0.29±0.14% yr-1 above Lauder, were seen. No significant trend was seen above Arrival Heights. A large peak-to-peak seasonal difference observed in 1996?1997 above Wollongong and reported earlier was confirmed, but not repeated in later years. This seasonal feature correlated with particularly high water vapour columns present during late summer and early autumn, and suggests a link to warm oceanic airmasses. Seasonal variation of approximately 6% per year is observed in the total column in other years for all four locations.
Published: 2006

34. CO measurements from the ACE-FTS satellite instrument: Data analysis and validation using ground-based, airborne and spaceborne observations

Author: James R. Drummond, Ph. Nédélec, Manuel López-Puertas, Nicholas B. Jones, Cathy Clerbaux, Solène Turquety, Jakub Urban, Kimberly Strong, A. Kagawa, Michael Höpfner, E. Le Flochmoën, Nathaniel J. Livesey, R. L. de Zafra, C. D. Boone, Aldona Wiacek, Curtis P. Rinsland, F. Hase, David P. Edwards, Tobias Borsdorff, Brice Barret, Maya George, M. De Mazière, Peter F. Bernath, Bernd Funke, Jean-Pierre Cammas, F. Eddounia, Louisa K. Emmons, I. Kramer, Hugh C. Pumphrey, Matthias Schneider, Gabriele Stiller, Valéry Catoire, Andrea Pazmino, Kaley A. Walker, Donal P. Murtagh, Philippe Ricaud, Merritt N. Deeter, James W. Hannigan, Yasuko Kasai, A. Strandberg, E. Dupuy, C. Senten, David W. T. Griffith, M. Luo, Emmanuel Mahieu, M. T. Coffey, Cedric Robert, Ralf Sussmann, John C. Gille, Valérie Thouret, Pierre-François Coheur, Pierre Duchatelet, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Université de Liège, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fujitsu FIP Corporation, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, NORTHERN, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, RETRIEVAL, 0211 other engineering and technologies, AURA MISSION, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, MOPITT, TROPOSPHERE, MLS, lcsh:Chemistry, FTIR SPECTROSCOPY, Atmosphere, Troposphere, CHEMISTRY, ddc:550, PROGRAM, CARBON-MONOXIDE, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, STATION, Instrument Data, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Satellite, Thermosphere, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of pollution plumes and atmospheric dynamics, is one of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This instrument performs measurements in both the CO 1-0 and 2-0 ro-vibrational bands, from which vertically resolved CO concentration profiles are retrieved, from the mid-troposphere to the thermosphere. This paper presents an updated description of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 CO data product, along with a comprehensive validation of these profiles using available observations (February 2004 to December 2006). We have compared the CO partial columns with ground-based measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and millimeter wave radiometry, and the volume mixing ratio profiles with airborne (both high-altitude balloon flight and airplane) observations. CO satellite observations provided by nadir-looking instruments (MOPITT and TES) as well as limb-viewing remote sensors (MIPAS, SMR and MLS) were also compared with the ACE-FTS CO products. We show that the ACE-FTS measurements provide CO profiles with small retrieval errors (better than 5% from the upper troposphere to 40 km, and better than 10% above). These observations agree well with the correlative measurements, considering the rather loose coincidence criteria in some cases. Based on the validation exercise we assess the following uncertainties to the ACE-FTS measurement data: better than 15% in the upper troposphere (8–12 km), than 30% in the lower stratosphere (12–30 km), and than 25% from 30 to 100 km.
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35. Protein residue linking in a single spectrum for magic-angle spinning NMR assignment

Author: Tanguy Le Marchand, Guido Pintacuda, Loren B. Andreas, Sebastian Wegner, Diane Cala de Paepe, Andrea Bertarello, Carl Öster, Isabella C. Felli, Torsten Herrmann, Nicholas E. Dixon, Camille Doyen, Lyndon Emsley, Roberta Pierattelli, Daniela Lalli, Magdaléna Krejčíková, Benno Knott, Frank Engelke, Jan Stanek, Biological Solid-State NMR Methods - Méthodes de RMN à l'état solide en biologie, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magnet Resonance Center (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Dept Chem, University of Warwick [Coventry], Bruker BioSpin GmbH, D-76287 Rheinstetten, Germany, affiliation inconnue, Magnet Resonance Ctr CERM, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Solid-State NMR Methods for Materials - Méthodes de RMN à l'état solide pour les matériaux, Computational Methods for Biomolecular Studies, We acknowledge support from CNRS (Fondation pour la Chimie des Substances Naturelles) and from the People Programme of the European Union's FP7 (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN REA Grant agreement No 317127 'pNMR' and 316630 'CAS-IDP'). LBA is supported by a MC incoming fellowship (REA Grant agreement No 624918 'MEM-MAS'), and JS by an EMBO fellowship (ALTF 1506-2014) and by the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (LTFCO-FUND2013, GA-2013-609409)., European Project: 317127,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,PNMR(2013), European Project: 316630,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,CAS-IDP(2013), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)
Subjects: Automation, Magic-angle spinning, Protein resonance assignment, Proton detection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Proteins, Protons, Spectroscopy, Biochemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Amide, Magic angle spinning, Spinning, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Resonance, Pulse sequence, 0104 chemical sciences, Crystallography, Microcrystalline
Abstract: Here we introduce a new pulse sequence for resonance assignment that halves the number of data sets required for sequential linking by directly correlating sequential amide resonances in a single diagonal-free spectrum. The method is demonstrated with both microcrystalline and sedimented deuterated proteins spinning at 60 and 111 kHz, and a fully protonated microcrystalline protein spinning at 111 kHz, with as little as 0.5 mg protein sample. We find that amide signals have a low chance of ambiguous linkage, which is further improved by linking in both forward and backward directions. The spectra obtained are amenable to automated resonance assignment using general-purpose software such as UNIO-MATCH.
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36. Multiphoton microscopy: a personal historical review, with some future predictions.

Author: Sheppard CJR
Subjects: Forecasting, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence history, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton trends, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton history
Abstract: The historical development of multiphoton microscopy is described, starting with a review of two-photon absorption, and including two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopies, and second- and third-harmonic generation microscopies. The effects of pulse length on signal strength and breakdown are considered. Different contrast mechanisms, including use of nanoparticles, are discussed. Two new promising techniques that can be applied to multiphoton microscopy are described.
Published: 2020
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37. A review of nickel toxicity to marine and estuarine tropical biota with particular reference to the South East Asian and Melanesian region.

Author: Gissi F, Stauber JL, Binet MT, Golding LA, Adams MS, Schlekat CE, Garman ER, and Jolley DF
Subjects: Animals, Asia, Southeastern, Biota drug effects, Ecology, Ecosystem, Melanesia, Metals, Heavy toxicity, Mining, Poisoning, Risk Assessment, Water Quality, Copepoda drug effects, Fishes, Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nickel toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Abstract: The South East Asian Melanesian (SEAM) region contains the world's largest deposits of nickel lateritic ores. Environmental impacts may occur if mining operations are not adequately managed. Effects data for tropical ecosystems are required to assess risks of contaminant exposure and to derive water quality guidelines (WQG) to manage these risks. Currently, risk assessment tools and WQGs for the tropics are limited due to the sparse research on how contaminants impact tropical biota. As part of a larger project to develop appropriate risk assessment tools to ensure sustainable nickel production in SEAM, nickel effects data were required. The aim of this review was to compile data on the effects of nickel on tropical marine, estuarine, pelagic and benthic species, with a particular focus on SEAM. There were limited high quality chronic nickel toxicity data for tropical marine species, and even fewer for those relevant to SEAM. Of the data available, the most sensitive SEAM species to nickel were a sea urchin, copepod and anemone. There is a significant lack of high quality chronic data for several ecologically important taxonomic groups including cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, macroalgae and fish. No high quality chronic nickel toxicity data were available for estuarine waters or marine and estuarine sediments. The very sparse toxicity data for tropical species limits our ability to conduct robust ecological risk assessment and may require additional data generation or read-across from similar species in other databases (e.g. temperate) to fill data gaps. Recommendations on testing priorities to fill these data gaps are presented., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2016
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