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5,051 results on '"School of Environmental Sciences"'

1. Paleo-denudation rates suggest variations in runoff drove aggradation during last glacial cycle, Crete, Greece

Author: Ott, Richard F., Scherler, Dirk, Wegmann, Karl W., D'Arcy, Mitch K., Pope, Richard J., Ivy‐Ochs, Susan, Christl, Marcus, Vockenhuber, Christoph, Rittenour, Tammy M., 1 Earth Surface Geochemistry GFZ German Centre for Geoscience Research Potsdam Germany, 3 Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences & Center for Geospatial Analytics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA, 4 Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Colombia Vancouver Canada, 5 School of Environmental Sciences, College of Built and Natural Environment University of Derby Derby UK, 6 Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland, and 7 Geosciences Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
Subjects: post‐burial production, fluvial aggradation, Geography, Planning and Development, paleo‐denudation rates, cosmogenic nuclides, incision, alluvial fan, paleo-denudation rates, post-burial production, sediment supply, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften, ddc:551.3, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Fluvial aggradation and incision are often linked to Quaternary climate cycles, but it usually remains unclear whether variations in runoff or sediment supply or both drive channel response to climate variability. Here we quantify sediment supply with paleo-denudation rates and provide geochronological constraints on aggradation and incision from the Sfakia and Elafonisi alluvial-fan sequences in Crete, Greece. We report seven optically stimulated luminescence and ten radiocarbon ages, eight Be-10 and eight Cl-36 denudation rates from modern channel and terrace sediments. For five samples, Be-10 and Cl-36 were measured on the same sample by measuring Be-10 on chert and Cl-36 on calcite. Results indicate relatively steady denudation rates throughout the past 80 kyr, but the aggradation and incision history indicates a link with climate shifts. At the Elafonisi fan, we identify four periods of aggradation coinciding with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2, 4, 5a/b, and likely 6, and three periods of incision coinciding with MIS 1, 3, and likely 5e. At the Sfakia fan, rapid aggradation occurred during MIS 2 and 4, followed by incision during MIS 1. Nearby climate and vegetation records show that MIS 2, 4, and 6 stadials were characterized by cold and dry climates with sparse vegetation, whereas forest cover and more humid conditions prevailed during MIS 1, 3, and 5. Our data thus suggest that past changes in climate had little effect on landscape-wide denudation rates but exerted a strong control on the aggradation-incision behaviour of alluvial channels on Crete. During glacial stages, we attribute aggradation to hillslope sediment release promoted by reduced vegetation cover and decreased runoff; conversely, incision occurred during relatively warm and wet stages due to increased runoff. In this landscape, past hydroclimate variations outcompeted changes in sediment supply as the primary driver of alluvial deposition and incision., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 48 (2), ISSN:0197-9337, ISSN:1096-9837
Published: 2023
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2. Induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing near Blackpool, UK: source modeling and event detection

Author: Karamzadeh, Nasim, Lindner, Mike, Edwards, Benjamin, Gaucher, Emmanuel, Rietbrock, Andreas, Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, and Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Subjects: Hydrogeology, Microseism, Event (computing), Template matching, Magnetic dip, Active fault, ddc:551.22, Induced seismicity, Microseismicity, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, ddc:500, Event detection, Source modeling, Structural geology, NATURAL sciences & mathematics, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: Monitoring small magnitude induced seismicity requires a dense network of seismic stations and high-quality recordings in order to precisely determine events’ hypocentral parameters and mechanisms. However, microseismicity (e.g. swarm activity) can also occur in an area where a dense network is unavailable and recordings are limited to a few seismic stations at the surface. In this case, using advanced event detection techniques such as template matching can help to detect small magnitude shallow seismic events and give insights about the ongoing process at the subsurface giving rise to microseismicity. In this paper, we study shallow microseismic events caused by hydrofracking of the PNR-2 well near Blackpool, UK, in 2019 using recordings of a seismic network which was not designed to detect and locate such small events. By utilizing a sparse network of surface stations, small seismic events are detected using template matching technique. In addition, we apply a full-waveform moment tensor inversion to study the focal mechanisms of larger events (ML > 1) and used the double-difference location technique for events with high-quality and similar waveforms to obtain accurate relative locations. During the stimulation period, temporal changes in event detection rate were in agreement with injection times. Focal mechanisms of the events with high-quality recordings at multiple stations indicate a strike-slip mechanism, while a cross-section of 34 relocated events matches the dip angle of the active fault., Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (4220), https://earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/data/broadband_stationbook.html
Published: 2021

3. Tribute to Prof. Pieter Daniel Theron

Author: Collectif: Zoology NorthWest University School Of Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Insect Science, Art history, Tribute, Biology
Abstract: Acarologia, 61, 201-206
Published: 2021
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4. Measurement and simulation of nitrous oxide fluxes from perennial forage grasses and annual crops amended with pig manure and inorganic fertilizer

Author: Tenuta, Mario (Soil Science), Holländer, Hartmut (Civil Engineering), Wagner-Riddle, Claudia (School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph), Akinremi, Olalekan (Soil Science), Adelekun, Mayowa Francis, Tenuta, Mario (Soil Science), Holländer, Hartmut (Civil Engineering), Wagner-Riddle, Claudia (School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph), Akinremi, Olalekan (Soil Science), and Adelekun, Mayowa Francis
Abstract: Crop and nutrient management on agricultural soils are essential considerations for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in our environment. This thesis aimed to simulate and compare nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from perennial forage grasses (FPP) and annual crops (ANN) amended with solid pig manure (SPM), liquid pig manure (LPM) and inorganic urea fertilizer (FER). Two field studies were carried out at different sites Carman and Carberry, Manitoba, Canada. At Carman, N2O fluxes were monitored from FPP following its termination and restoration. At the Carberry, N2O fluxes were measured from LPM applied to soil annually at a rate of 56,000 L ha-1, FER applied at the equivalent rate as total available N from the LPM and un-amended control (CON) plots. At Carberry, in 2011 and 2014 when applied manure N was low, emission factor and emission intensity from LPM was one-half of that from FER. At Carman, the result showed that the termination of perennial forage grasses in combination with applied manure leads to increased soil nitrogen content and N2O fluxes. However, when FPP were replanted in 2014, N2O emission from FPP was 30% less than that from ANN treatments. The data from the Carman site were used to evaluate the performance of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to predict soil moisture and N2O fluxes. The DNDC model output compared well with the field observed values on the ANN (cumulative N2O flux and daily soil moisture Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) > 0.7) but not on the FPP (cumulative N2O flux and daily soil moisture NSE < 0.2). In spite of the wide use of the DNDC model, some routines in the model still needs work as seen on the FPP. In conclusion, perennial forage grass planted in rotation with annual crops can provide N saving benefits, but the N would be lost when the forage grasses are converted to annual cropland. Also, LPM can provide nutrient to crop more efficiently than FER, as less N2O was emitted to produce a unit grain of wheat, but the
Published: 2020

5. Cation Transport across a Model Membrane-Radiation Effects

Author: Vijayvergiya, Viksita; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Mookerjee, Anjali; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Vijayvergiya, Viksita; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, and Mookerjee, Anjali; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
Abstract: The effect of UV radiations and gamma radiations on cation transport across a model membrane containing 18C6 Crownether dissolved in CHCl3, have been studied. The magnitude of transportation decreased under UV radiation effect while it increased under ionizing radiation effect the same increased. Both the effects are more pronounced with the large sized cation such as caesium.
Published: 2015

6. Application of HACCP to the control of medical waste generated from endoscopy

Author: Masahiko, Kato, Shinji, Kojima, Tanaka, Masaru, Graduate School of International Cooperation & Development, Kibi International University, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, and Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Okayama University
Subjects: HACCP, medical wastes, endoscopy, injection needle, manifest
Published: 2007

7. Antidiabetic potential of Lantana aculeata root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Author: Kumar, K. Vinoth; Department of Biosciences, Pondicherry University Community College, Pondicherry University, Puducherry – 605 008, India., Sharief, S. Dawood; School of Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai – 600 14, India., Rajkumar, R.; School of Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai – 600 14, India., Ilango, B.; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora CO 80045, USA., Sukumar, E.; Department of Applied Sciences, Higher College of Technology, P.B.74, P.C.133, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman., Kumar, K. Vinoth; Department of Biosciences, Pondicherry University Community College, Pondicherry University, Puducherry – 605 008, India., Sharief, S. Dawood; School of Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai – 600 14, India., Rajkumar, R.; School of Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai – 600 14, India., Ilango, B.; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora CO 80045, USA., and Sukumar, E.; Department of Applied Sciences, Higher College of Technology, P.B.74, P.C.133, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Abstract: The present study investigates the antidiabetic potential of dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata, a weed belonging to verbenaceae family on biochemical profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effects of an ethanolic extract of the dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma insulin and liver glycogen were examined in control and experimental groups. Lantana aculeata root extract reduced the serum glucose concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours. To verify the activity sub-chronically, the extract administered orally in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg to diabetic rats for 30 days, that significantly reduced the level of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in insulin and glycogen concentration to near normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that roots of Lantana aculeata possess antidiabetic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The activity might be due to high concentration of oleanolic acid present in the roots.Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Lantana aculeata roots, Oleanolic acid
Published: 2011

8. A Study of Sporadic E Layer Chemistry

Author: UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA NORWICH (UNITED KINGDOM) SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Plane, John M., UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA NORWICH (UNITED KINGDOM) SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, and Plane, John M.
Abstract: Sporadic E layers in the lower thermosphere play a very important role in radio communications. The lifetimes of these transient layers are largely controlled by the ion-molecule chemistry of metallic ions, particularly iron (Fe), that are produced by meteoric ablation. The aim of this project was to study the role of atomic oxygen in controlling the rate at which Fe(+) ions are neutralised. The rate coefficients for the reactions of Fe(+) with N2O, O2 and N2, and the reactions of FeO(+) with CO and O, were measured using a fast flow tube coupled to a mass spectrometer, with Fe(+) ions produced by the pulsed laser ablation of an iron rod. Very good agreement was achieved with previous measurements of the first four reactions. The reaction of FeO(+) and O was found to be about 100 times slower than the Langevin limit. The results were then employed in a mesospheric model, which is now able to predict the top-side scale height of the atomic Fe layer and the ratio of Fe(+)/FeO(+) above 90 km in good accord with observations. Finally, a combination of emission spectroscopy and ab initio quantum theory was used to show that FeO(+) does not have an excited electronic state that would provide a suitable LIDAR probe in the atmospheric transmission window., Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.
Published: 2002

9. International Collaboration on Local Sand Transport Processes and Morphological Evolution

Author: UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA NORWICH (UNITED KINGDOM) SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Vincent, Christopher E., Hanes, Daniel M., Ribberink, Jan, Khabibov, Alexander, McLean, Stephen, Nielsen, Peter, UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA NORWICH (UNITED KINGDOM) SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Vincent, Christopher E., Hanes, Daniel M., Ribberink, Jan, Khabibov, Alexander, McLean, Stephen, and Nielsen, Peter
Abstract: To develop and enhance international collaboration in the area of coastal sediment transport processes. The primary objectives of our collaboration are to further the theoretical and experimental investigations of the smaller-scale physical processes which must be incorporated in the development of a local model for sand transport and morphological evolution in coastal regions, including bedform prediction, local boundary layer hydrodynamics and a description of sediment dynamics covering the region from the immobile seabed to the overlying dilute suspension, incorporating both bedload and suspended load modes of sand transport., See also ADM002252. Prepared in collaboration with the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Published: 1998

10. Radiation and Drug Induced Modification in the Adsorption Profile of DNA at Solid-Liquid Interface

Author: Mookerjee, Anjali; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067a, Ghosh, Subhendu; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067a, Mookerjee, Anjali; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067a, and Ghosh, Subhendu; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067a
Abstract: The present work involves the study of the adsorption profile of native, heat denatured, U. V. and gamma-irradiated DNA at an alumina-H2O interface. Adsorption profile of proflavine and daunomycin complexed DNA has also been studied at H2O alumina interface.Adsorption occurred at positively charged surface of alumina. The quantity of gamma irradiated DNA on alumina was far more than the native and heat denatured samples and kinetic studies showed that gamma irradiated DNA was adsorbed much faster also. This property could be utilized for separation of the two forms over an alumina column.The adsorption profile of U. V. irradiated DNA was similar to that of the native form whereas that of the heat denatured sample was similar to that of the gamma irradiated DNA.In case of complexed DNA, proper experimental conditions were maintained to reduce intercalation considerably and to make the electrostatic binding predominant. Adsorption of drug-bound DNA was less than that of free DNA. The quantities of gamma-irradiated free and complexed DNA adsorbed were much greater than the corresponding unirradiated free and complexed DNA. There is positive cooperativity of gamma denatured DNA.
Published: 1986

11. Tropospheric observations of CFC-114 and CFC-114a with a focus on long-term trends and emissions

Author: J. C. Laube, N. Mohd Hanif, P. Martinerie, E. Gallacher, P. J. Fraser, R. Langenfelds, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, J. Schwander, E. Witrant, J.-L. Wang, C.-F. Ou-Yang, L. J. Gooch, C. E. Reeves, W. T. Sturges, D. E. Oram, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, Atmospheric Chemistry Department [MPIC], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Bern, GIPSA - Systèmes linéaires et robustesse (GIPSA-SLR), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLR (GIPSA-SLR), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Chemistry, Firn, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Radiative forcing, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Troposphere, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Mixing ratio, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are ozone-depleting substances as well as strong greenhouse gases, and the control of their production and use under the Montreal Protocol has had demonstrable benefits to both mitigation of increasing surface UV radiation and climate forcing. A global ban on consumption came into force in 2010, but there is evidence of continuing emissions of certain CFCs from a range of sources. One compound has received little attention in the literature, namely CFC-114 (C 2 Cl 2 F 4). Of particular interest here is the differentiation between CFC-114 (CClF 2 CClF 2) and its asymmetric isomeric form CFC-114a (CF 3 CCl 2 F) as atmospheric long-term measurements in the peer-reviewed literature to date have been assumed to represent the sum of both isomers with a time-invariant isomeric speciation. Here we report the first long-term measurements of the two iso-meric forms separately, and find that they have different origins and trends in the atmosphere. Air samples collected at Cape Grim (41 • S), Australia, during atmospheric background conditions since 1978, combined with samples collected from deep polar snow (firn) enable us to obtain a near-complete record of both gases since their initial production and release in the 1940s. Both iso-mers were present in the unpolluted atmosphere in comparably small amounts before 1960. The mixing ratio of CFC-114 doubled from 7.9 to 14.8 parts per trillion (ppt) between the start of the Cape Grim record in 1978 and the end of our record in 2014, while over the same time CFC-114a trebled from 0.35 to 1.03 ppt. Mixing ratios of both isomers are slowly decreasing by the end of this period. This is consistent with measurements of recent aircraft-based samples showing no significant interhemispheric mixing ratio gradient. We also find that the fraction of CFC-114a mixing ratio relative to that of CFC-114 increased from 4.2 to 6.9 % over the 37-year period. This contradicts the current tacit assumption used in international climate change and ozone depletion assessments that both isomers have been largely co-emitted and that their atmospheric concentration ratio has remained approximately constant in time. Complementary observations of air collected in Taiwan indicate a persisting source of CFC-114a in South East Asia which may have been contributing to the changing balance between the two iso-mers. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 15348 J. C. Laube et al.: Tropospheric observations of CFC-114 and CFC-114a In addition we present top-down global annual emission estimates of CFC-114 and CFC-114a derived from these measurements using a two-dimensional atmospheric chemistry-transport model. In general, the emissions for both compounds grew steadily during the 1980s, followed by a substantial reduction from the late 1980s onwards, which is consistent with the reduction of emission in response to the Montreal Protocol, and broadly consistent with bottom-up estimates derived by industry. However, we find that small but significant emissions of both isomers remain in 2014. Moreover the inferred changes to the ratio of emissions of the two isomers since the 1990s also indicate that the sources of the two gases are, in part, independent.
Published: 2016
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12. Iron Biogeochemistry in the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Author: Achterberg, Eric, Steigenberger, Sebastian, Marsay, Chris, Le Moigne, Frédéric A.C., Painter, Stuart, Baker, Alex, Connelly, Douglas, Moore, C. Mark, Tagliabue, Alessandro, Tanhua, Toste, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris], Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRCAM-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRCAM-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science
Abstract: International audience; Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world's ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (
Published: 2018
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13. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl M., Cosca, Catherine E., Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik H., Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph F., Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley B., Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joseph E., Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Exeter, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Departamento de Oceanografia, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Departmento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware [Newark], The Third Institute of Oceanography SOA, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Ocean Systems and Climate Group, CSIR, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire (UNH), IRD Lago Sul, Brazil, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of the Aegean, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science,Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Weathertop consulting LLC, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, WCRP Joint planning staff, World Meteorological Organization (WCRP), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Leeds, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], Met Eireann, CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Department of Chemistry, Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire de Biophysique et Dynamique des Systèmes Intégrés (BDSI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], University of California, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Berkeley] (CEE), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Wisconsin Whitewater, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, School of Physics [NUI Galway], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.
Published: 2016
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14. Tracking timescales of magma reservoir recharge through caldera cycles at Santorini (Greece). Emphasis on an explosive eruption of Kameni Volcano

Author: Polo-Sánchez, Antonio, Flaherty, Taya, Hervé, Garance, Druitt, Tim, Fabbro, Gareth, Nomikou, Paraskevi, Balcone-Boissard, Helène, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Departamento de Geología [Salamanca], Universidad de Salamanca, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: caldera cycles, pyroxene, Santorini, diffusion timescales, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, diffusion timescales Kameni Santorini caldera cycles pyroxene, Kameni
Abstract: Pre-eruptive processes and their timescales are critical information for risk management at explosive volcanoes, and Santorini caldera (Greece) provides an excellent context in which to approach this subject. We ask two questions. First, are pre-eruptive processes the same for small and big eruptions? To investigate, we performed a multi-mineral diffusion timescale study of a small explosive eruption of Kameni Volcano and compared the results with those published for larger caldera-forming eruptions at Santorini. The Kameni dacite resembles products of larger eruptions in being crystal-poor, containing plagioclase with antecrystic cores and autocrystic rims, bearing orthopyroxene with sector zoning and phantom skeletal morphologies, and showing evidence for mixing of different silicic magmas prior to eruption. Diffusion timescales from Mg-Fe profiles in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene phenocrysts are
Published: 2023
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15. Ocean cross-validated observations from R/Vs L'Atalante, Maria S. Merian, and Meteor and related platforms as part of the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC campaign

Author: Pierre L'Hégaret, Florian Schütte, Sabrina Speich, Gilles Reverdin, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Rena Czeschel, Tim Fischer, Gregory R. Foltz, Karen J. Heywood, Gerd Krahmann, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Philippe Le Bot, Stéphane Leizour, Callum Rollo, Michael Schlundt, Elizabeth Siddle, Corentin Subirade, Dongxiao Zhang, Johannes Karstensen, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ocean Knowledge, Foundation Voice of the Ocean, Vastra Frolunda, Sweden, CNES (the French National Center for Space Studies) through the TOSCA SMOS-Ocean, and European Project: 694768,EUREC4A
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: The northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean is a turbulent region, filled with mesoscale eddies and regional currents. In this intense dynamical context, several water masses with thermohaline characteristics of different origins are advected, mixed, and stirred at the surface and at depth. The EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC experiment that took place in January and February 2020 was dedicated to assessing the processes at play in this region, especially the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere. For that reason, four oceanographic vessels and different autonomous platforms measured properties near the air–sea interface and acquired thousands of upper-ocean (up to 400–2000 m depth) profiles. However, each device had its own observing capability, varying from deep measurements acquired during vessel stations to shipboard underway near-surface observations and measurements from autonomous and uncrewed systems (such as Saildrones). These observations were undertaken with a specific sampling strategy guided by near-real-time satellite maps and adapted every half day, based on the process that was investigated. These processes were characterized by different spatiotemporal scales, from mesoscale eddies, with diameters exceeding 100 km, to submesoscale filaments of 1 km width. This article describes the datasets gathered from the different devices and how the data were calibrated and validated. In order to ensure an overall consistency, the platforms' datasets are cross-validated using a hierarchy of instruments defined by their own specificity and calibration procedures. This has enabled the quantification of the uncertainty in the measured parameters when different datasets are used together, e.g., https://doi.org/10.17882/92071 (L'Hégaret et al., 2020a).
Published: 2023
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16. Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate

Author: Lavenia Ratnarajah, Rana Abu-Alhaija, Angus Atkinson, Sonia Batten, Nicholas J. Bax, Kim S. Bernard, Gabrielle Canonico, Astrid Cornils, Jason D. Everett, Maria Grigoratou, Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak, David Johns, Fabien Lombard, Erik Muxagata, Clare Ostle, Sophie Pitois, Anthony J. Richardson, Katrin Schmidt, Lars Stemmann, Kerrie M. Swadling, Guang Yang, Lidia Yebra, School of Environmental Sciences [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), SAPHOS, Nanaimo, BC, Canada, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Marine Biological Association, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), University of Aberdeen, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, we discuss key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, including shifts in phenology, range, and body size, and assess the implications to the biological carbon pump and interactions with higher trophic levels. Our synthesis highlights key knowledge gaps and geographic gaps in monitoring coverage that need to be urgently addressed. We also discuss an integrated sampling approach that combines traditional and novel techniques to improve zooplankton observation for the benefit of monitoring zooplankton populations and modelling future scenarios under global changes.
Published: 2023
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17. GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGIC CONTEXT OF CASPIAN SEA LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS OVER THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE

Author: Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine, Leroy, Suzanne, KUZUCUOGLU, Catherine, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Caspian Sea levels, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, chronologie, climat, Holocene, Pléistocène Supérieur, controlling factors, chronology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Late Pleistocene, facteurs de contrôle, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, climate, Holocène, niveaux de la mer Caspienne
Abstract: This article aims at presenting water level changes within the Caspian Sea watershed since the Last Glacial Maximum, with some chronological references to Late Pleistocene highstands and lowstands. The drivers of water level changes may be related to a climatic context, or other triggering factors. After introducing the physical geography of the Caspian Sea, (submarine basins and sills, geological structure, surrounding reliefs), the climate components connected to changes in water level are presented. Caspian Sea level changes are discussed separately for the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, as different time periods require different methods, and because Caspian Sea levels respond to a wide range of different drivers. For this purpose, based on an updated synthesis of publications, and after a brief review of methodological limitations, a discussion of the role of climate change versus other factors is provided. The other factors comprise insolation, changes in the extension of the drainage area of the Caspian Sea, especially north up to the Arctic sphere and to the Tien-Shan-Pamir, the wide-ranging latitudes of the regions concerned, as well as local factors related to relief and (past or present) river connections, tectonics, water mass dynamics and other geographical and geomorphological specificities of the watershed. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter l’état des connaissances sur les changements de niveau de la mer Caspienne dans le cadre de son bassin versant, et de présenter des données-références de la chronologie des hauts et bas niveaux. Les facteurs contrôlant ces changements de niveaux sont exposés, qu’il s’agisse de contrôles par le contexte climatique, ou de tout autre contrôle. Après une introduction présentant le cadre physique de la mer Caspienne (bassins et seuils, structure géologique et reliefs environnants), les composantes climatiques influençant les changements de niveau dans les bassins sont présentées. Les changements de niveau sont discutés séparément pour la fin du Pléistocène et pour l’Holocène, car l’étude de chaque période requiert des méthodes différentes, et aussi parce qu’un large éventail de facteurs influence le niveau de la mer Caspienne. C’est pourquoi, après une synthèse des publications sur le sujet, et après un bref rappel des limitations méthodologiques, l’article propose une discussion sur le rôle du climat versus les autres facteurs de contrôle de changements de niveaux. Ces autres facteurs sont l’insolation, les changements d’extension du bassin versant de la mer Caspienne, spécifiquement vers le nord en direction de la zone Arctique et vers le sud-est jusqu’au Pamir, la grande extension latitudinale de la zone considérée, et aussi des facteurs locaux dépendant du relief et des connections hydrographiques (passées ou présentes), de la tectonique, de la dynamique des masses d’eau, et d’autres particularités géographiques et géomorphologiques dans le bassin versant.
Published: 2023

18. How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors?

Author: Federico Sau, Sjaak Conijn, Delphine Deryng, Jean-Louis Durand, Katharina Waha, Edmar Teixeira, Iurii Shcherbak, R.E.E. Jongschaap, James W. Jones, Kenneth J. Boote, Maria Virginia Pravia, Jerry L. Hatfield, Alex C. Ruane, Christian Biernath, Patricio Grassini, H.L. Boogaard, Steven Hoek, K. Christian Kersebaum, Fulu Tao, Christian Baron, David Makowski, Claas Nendel, Sebastian Gayler, Dennis Timlin, Marc Corbeels, Christoph Müller, Nadine Brisson, Jon I. Lizaso, Naresh S. Kumar, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Simona Bassu, Armen R. Kemanian, Cesar Izaurralde, Bruno Basso, Giacomo De Sanctis, Myriam Adam, Soo-Hyung Kim, Eckart Priesack, Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of agronomy, University of Florida [Gainesville], Department Produccion vegetal, Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Department of agricultural and biological engineering, GISS Climate impacts group, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of geological sciences, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department crop systems, forestry and environmental sciences, University of Basilicata, Centre for Geo-Information, ALTERRA, WUR-Plant research international, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Water and earth system science [Tübingen] (WESS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Department of agronomy and horticulture, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, Department of plant science, University of Pensylvania, Institute of Lanscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), School of environmental and forest sciences, University of Washington [Seattle], Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ) -NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Annual cropping systems, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Tyndall Centre for climate change research and school of environmental sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Water and earth system science (WESS) competence cluster, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), and Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, nitrogen dynamics, Atmospheric sciences, maize, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, F01 - Culture des plantes, wheat, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, water-use efficiency, uncertainty, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, General Environmental Science, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, elevated co2, Ecology, Geography, Phenology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Agricultura, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, simulation, Rendement des cultures, model intercomparison, climate change, CO2, Crop simulation model, Modèle mathématique, Crops, Agricultural, simulation-model, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, air co2 enrichment, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Agmip, Climate, Maize, Model Intercomparison, Simulation, Temperature, Uncertainty, Climate change, carbon-dioxide, Models, Biological, Zea mays, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, Environmental Chemistry, Water-use efficiency, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, systems simulation, Modélisation des cultures, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Water, temperature, Modèle de simulation, Carbon Dioxide, yield, Température, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Yield (chemistry), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, AgMIP, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: Comments This article is a U.S. government work, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Abstract Potential consequences of climate change on crop production can be studied using mechanistic crop simulation models. While a broad variety of maize simulation models exist, it is not known whether different models diverge on grain yield responses to changes in climatic factors, or whether they agree in their general trends related to phenology, growth, and yield. With the goal of analyzing the sensitivity of simulated yields to changes in temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2], we present the largest maize crop model intercomparison to date, including 23 different models. These models were evaluated for four locations representing a wide range of maize production conditions in the world: Lusignan (France), Ames (USA), Rio Verde (Brazil) and Morogoro (Tanzania). While individual models differed considerably in absolute yield simulation at the four sites, an ensemble of a minimum number of models was able to simulate absolute yields accurately at the four sites even with low data for calibration, thus suggesting that using an ensemble of models has merit. Temperature increase had strong negative influence on modeled yield response of roughly 0.5 Mg ha 1 per °C. Doubling [CO2] from 360 to 720 lmol mol 1 increased grain yield by 7.5% on average across models and the sites. That would therefore make temperature the main factor altering maize yields at the end of this century. Furthermore, there was a large uncertainty in the yield response to [CO2] among models. Model responses to temperature and [CO2] did not differ whether models were simulated with low calibration information or, simulated with high level of calibration information.
Published: 2014
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19. Balanced conditions or slight mass gain of glaciers in the Lahaul and Spiti region (northern India, Himalaya) during the nineties preceded recent mass loss

Author: D. P. Dobhal, P. G. Jose, Julie Gardelle, Yves Arnaud, Anurag Linda, Patrick Wagnon, Etienne Berthier, Christian Vincent, Mohd Farooq Azam, Parmanand Sharma, Al. Ramanathan, CHYC, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, School of Environmental Sciences, GLACIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Volume change, Water equivalent, 01 natural sciences, Turning point, Mass gain, 020701 environmental engineering, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Equilibrium conditions, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Glacier, lcsh:Geology, Negative mass, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract: The volume change of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32° 20 N, 77° 30' E) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced only a slight mass loss between 1988 and 2010 (−3.8 ± 2.0 m w.e. (water equivalent) corresponding to −0.17 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2010 (−4.8 ± 1.8 m w.e. corresponding to −0.44 ± 0.16 m w.e. yr−1). Thus, we deduce a slightly positive or near-zero MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 ± 2.7 m w.e. corresponding to +0.09 ± 0.24 m w.e. yr−1). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals that the MB of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (−0.39 ± 0.15 m w.e. yr−1) has been only slightly less negative than the MB of a 2110 km2 glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region (−0.44 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1) during 1999−2011. Hence, we conclude that the ice wastage is probably moderate in this region over the last 22 yr, with near equilibrium conditions during the nineties, and an ice mass loss after. The turning point from balanced to negative mass budget is not known but lies probably in the late nineties and at the latest in 1999. This positive or near-zero MB for Chhota Shigri Glacier (and probably for the surrounding glaciers of the Lahaul and Spiti region) during at least part of the 1990s contrasts with a recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicated ice wastage since 1975. However, in agreement with this compilation, we confirm more negative balances since the beginning of the 21st century.
Published: 2013
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20. From balance to imbalance: a shift in the dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India

Author: Alagappan Ramanathan, Parmanand Sharma, Etienne Berthier, Virendra Bahadur Singh, Yves Arnaud, Anurag Linda, Mohd Farooq Azam, Jose George Pottakkal, Patrick Wagnon, Pierre Chevallier, Christian Vincent, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, CHYC, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), School of Environmental Science, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GLACIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Glacier ice accumulation, 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thinning, Ice stream, Elevation, Accumulation zone, Glacier, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Balance (accounting), Negative mass, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Mass-balance and dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India, has been investigated between 2002 and 2010 and compared to data collected in 1987-89. During the period 2002-10, the glacier experienced a negative glacier-wide mass balance of -0.67 ± 0.40 m w.e. a-1. Between 2003 and 2010, elevation and ice-flow velocities slowly decreased in the ablation area, leading to a 24-37% reduction in ice fluxes, an expected response of the glacier dynamics to its recent negative mass balances. The reduced ice fluxes are still far larger than the balance fluxes calculated from the 2002-10 average surface mass balances. Therefore, further slowdown, thinning and terminus retreat of Chhota Shigri glacier are expected over the next few years. Conversely, the 2003/04 ice fluxes are in good agreement with ice fluxes calculated assuming that the glacier-wide mass balance is zero. Given the limited velocity change between 1987−89 and 2003/04 and the small terminus change between 1988 and 2010, we suggest that the glacier has experienced a period of near-zero or slightly positive mass balance in the 1990s, before shifting to a strong imbalance in the 21st century. This result challenges the generally accepted idea that glaciers in the Western Himalaya have been shrinking rapidly for the last few decades.
Published: 2012
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21. The role of anthropogenic aerosol forcing in the 1850–1985 strengthening of the AMOC in CMIP6 historical simulations

Author: Jon Robson, Matthew B. Menary, Rowan T. Sutton, Jenny Mecking, Jonathan M. Gregory, Colin Jones, Bablu Sinha, David P. Stevens, Laura J. Wilcox, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading (UOR), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], and University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Previous work has shown that anthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing drives a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in CMIP6 historical simulations over 1850–1985, but the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Across CMIP6 models, it is shown that there is a strong correlation between surface heat loss over the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) and the forced strengthening of the AMOC. Despite the link to AA forcing, the AMOC response is not strongly related to the contribution of anomalous downwelling surface shortwave radiation to SPNA heat loss. Rather, the spread in AMOC response is primarily due to the spread in turbulent heat loss. We hypothesize that turbulent heat loss is larger in models with strong AA forcing because the air advected over the ocean is colder and drier, in turn because of greater AA-forced cooling over the continents upwind, especially North America. The strengthening of the AMOC also feeds back on itself positively in two distinct ways: by raising the sea surface temperature and hence further increasing turbulent heat loss in the SPNA, and by increasing the sea surface density across the SPNA due to increased northward transport of saline water. A comparison of key indices suggests that the AMOC response in models with strong AA forcing is not likely to be consistent with observations.
Published: 2022
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22. Does tomorrow ever come? Disaster narrative and public perceptions of climate change

Author: Katrina Brown, Tom Lowe, Suraje Dessai, Miguel de França Doria, Katharine Vincent, Kat Haynes, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia, and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia
Subjects: History, Political economy of climate change, Communication, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Extreme events, Climate change, 050109 social psychology, 050905 science studies, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Action (philosophy), 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Political economy, Perception, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Social Sciences & Humanities, 0509 other social sciences, Social psychology, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], media_common
Abstract: The film The Day After Tomorrow depicts the abrupt and catastrophic transformation of the Earth’s climate into a new ice age, playing upon the uncertainty surrounding a possible North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (Gulf Stream) shutdown. This paper investigates the impact of the film on people’s perception of climate change through a survey of filmgoers in the UK. Analysis focuses on four issues: the likelihood of extreme impacts; concern over climate change versus other global problems; motivation to take action; and responsibility for the problem of climate change. It finds that seeing the film, at least in the short term, changed people’s attitudes; viewers were significantly more concerned about climate change, and about other environmental risks. However, while the film increased anxiety about environmental risks, viewers experienced difficulty in distinguishing science fact from dramatized science fiction. Their belief in the likelihood of extreme events as a result of climate change was actually reduced. Following the film, many viewers expressed strong motivation to act on climate change. However, although the film may have sensitized viewers and motivated them to act, the public do not have information on what action they can take to mitigate climate change.
Published: 2006
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23. Net community production in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from glider and buoy measurements

Author: Michael P. Hemming, Jan Kaiser, Jacqueline Boutin, Liliane Merlivat, Karen J. Heywood, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Gareth A. Lee, Marcos Cobas García, David Antoine, Kiminori Shitashima, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), ESA/ESRIN contracts 4000102992/11/I-NB and 4000111801/14/I-NB, and ANR-10-BLAN-0620,BIOCAREX,Observations bio-optiques à haute résolution temporelle et spectrale en Méditerranée (site BOUSSOLE): aspects fondamentaux, implications et applications biogéochimiques(2010)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], General Medicine
Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea comprises just 0.8 % of the global oceanic surface, yet considering its size, it is regarded as a disproportionately large sink for anthropogenic carbon due to its physical and biogeochemical characteristics. An underwater glider mission was carried out in March–April 2016 close to the BOUSSOLE and DyFAMed time series moorings in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The glider deployment served as a test of a prototype ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH sensor. Dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations and optical backscatter were also observed by the glider and increased between 19 March and 1 April, along with pH. These changes indicated the start of a phytoplankton spring bloom, following a period of intense mixing. Concurrent measurements of CO2 fugacity and O2 concentrations at the BOUSSOLE mooring buoy showed fluctuations, in qualitative agreement with the pattern of glider measurements. Mean net community production rates (N) were estimated from glider and buoy measurements of dissolved O2 and inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, based on their mass budgets. Glider and buoy DIC concentrations were derived from a salinity-based total alkalinity parameterisation, glider pH and buoy CO2 fugacity. The spatial coverage of glider data allowed the calculation of advective O2 and DIC fluxes. Mean N estimates for the euphotic zone between 10 March and 3 April were (-17±36) for glider O2, (44±94) for glider DIC, (17±37) for buoy O2 and (49±86) mmolm-2d-1 for buoy DIC, all indicating net metabolic balance over these 25 d. However, these 25 d were actually split into a period of net DIC increase and O2 decrease between 10 and 19 March and a period of net DIC decrease and O2 increase between 19 March and 3 April. The latter period is interpreted as the onset of the spring bloom. The regression coefficients between O2 and DIC-based N estimates were 0.25 ± 0.08 for the glider data and 0.54 ± 0.06 for the buoy, significantly lower than the canonical metabolic quotient of 1.45±0.15. This study shows the added value of co-locating a profiling glider with moored time series buoys, but also demonstrates the difficulty in estimating N, and the limitations in achievable precision.
Published: 2022
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24. Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait

Author: Henri Weimerskirch, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alexandre Corbeau, Samantha C. Patrick, Julien Martin, School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Department of Biology [Ottawa, Canada], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Climate Change, Population, Foraging, Population Dynamics, salt-water immersion logger, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Effects of global warming, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, bet-hedging, education, skin and connective tissue diseases, Selection (genetic algorithm), General Environmental Science, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproduction, Variance (accounting), 15. Life on land, Southern Oscillation Index, Sea surface temperature, resource acquisition, 13. Climate action, intra-individual variability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, sense organs, seabirds
Abstract: International audience; The ability of individuals and populations to adapt to a changing climate is a key determinant ofpopulation dynamics. While changes in mean behaviour are well studied, changes in trait variancehave been largely ignored, despite being assumed to be crucial for adapting to a changingenvironment. As the ability to acquire resources is essential to both reproduction and survival,changes in behaviours that maximise resource acquisition, should be under selection. Here, usingforaging trip duration data collected over 7 years on black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarchemelanophris) on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, we examine the importanceof changes in the mean and variance in foraging behaviour, and the associated effects on fitness, inresponse to the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Using double hierarchical models, we find noevidence that individuals change their mean foraging trip duration in response to a changingenvironment, but strong evidence of changes in variance. Younger birds showed greater variabilityin foraging trip duration in poor conditions as did birds with higher fitness. However, duringbrooding, birds showed greater variability in foraging behaviour under good conditions,suggesting that optimal conditions allow the alteration between chick provisioning and selfmaintenancetrips. We found weak correlations between sea-surface temperature and the El NiñoSouthern Oscillation, but stronger links with sea-level pressure. We suggest that variability inbehavioural traits affecting resource acquisition is under selection and offers a mechanism bywhich individuals can adapt to a changing climate. Studies which look only at effects on meanbehaviour may underestimate the effects of climate change and fail to consider variance in traits asa key evolutionary force.
Published: 2022
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25. Assessment of the safety and the anti-α-Gal immune response to an oral vaccine in captive-bred Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)

Author: Thorel, Milan, Mateos-Hernandez, Lourdes, Mulot, Baptiste, Azzouni, Mouna Naila, Hodžić, Adnan, Gaillot, Hugues, Ruel, Yannick, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, Delaye, Jean-Baptiste, Obregon, Dasiel, Wu-Chuang, Alejandra, de La Fuente, José, Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis, Risco-Castillo, Veronica, Leclerc, Antoine, Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro, SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Beauval Nature, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni)-University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), School of environmental sciences, University of Guelph, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), BioPôle Alfort, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), ZooParc de Beauval, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Advetia Specialty Practice, Partenaires INRAE, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), SaBio (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: MESH: Galactose, E. coli Nissle 1917, MESH: Escherichia coli, Aspergillus fumigatus, Spheniscus humboldti, α-Gal Vaccine, MESH: Immunoglobulin M, Escherichia coli Nissle, MESH: Vaccines, penguins, Anti-α-Gal immunity, probiotics, MESH: Spheniscidae, zoo, vaccine, Aspergillosis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Aspergillosis, Sphenisciformes, MESH: Probiotics, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Oral administration of Escherichia coli O86:B7 expressing high levels of galactose-α-1,3galactose (α-Gal) was previously shown to protect turkeys from aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. In the present study, we first tested the basal level of anti-α-Gal antibodies (Abs) in healthy Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) sera and penguin egg yolks. We then conducted a trial to test whether modulation of α-Gal immunity by oral administration of the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle could prevent Humboldt penguins from aspergillosis. To this aim, E. coli Nissle was administered orally to ten penguins and a placebo was concomitantly given to a control group of ten other penguins. An aspergillosis diagnostic panel (CT scans, capillary zone electrophoresis, 3-hydroxybutyrate levels, anti-A. fumigatus Abs measurements) was implemented before, during and after the interventional procedure in both penguin groups. As results, healthy penguins produced natural anti-α-Gal Abs that were also detected in the egg yolks. Surprisingly, oral administration of E. coli Nissle was associated with lower levels of anti-α-Gal and anti-A. fumigatus Abs compared with the control group. Still, a correlation was seen between anti-E.coli Abs (IgM/IgY) and anti-α-Gal Abs (IgM/IgY), only in the vaccinated penguins. E. coli Nissle is a safe probiotic to use in Humboldt penguins with potential protective effect against aspergillosis to be further tested.
Published: 2022
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26. Examining the Interaction Between Free‐Living Bacteria and Iron in the Global Ocean

Author: Alessandro Tagliabue, Lavenia Ratnarajah, Olivier Aumont, Anh Le-Duy Pham, Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), School of Environmental Sciences [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), and ANR-17-CE32-0008,CIGOEF,Impacts des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes et les pêcheries océaniques globaux.(2017)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, fungi, Environmental Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Marine free-living (FL) bacteria play a key role in the cycling of essential biogeochemical elements, including iron (Fe), during their uptake, transformation and release of organic matter throughout the water column. Similar to phytoplankton, the growth of FL bacteria is regulated by nutritive resources such as Fe, and the low availability of these resources may influence bacterial interactions with phytoplankton, causing knock-on effects for biogeochemical cycling. Yet, knowledge of the factors limiting the growth of FL bacteria and their role within the Fe cycle is poorly constrained. Here, we explicitly represent FL, carbon-oxidizing bacteria in a three-dimensional global ocean biogeochemistry model to address these questions. We find that although Fe can emerge as proximally limiting in the tropical Pacific and in high-latitude regions during summer, the growth of FL bacteria is ultimately controlled by the availability of labile dissolved organic carbon over most of the world's oceans. In Fe-limited regions, FL bacterial biomass is sensitive to their Fe uptake capability in seasonally Fe-limitation regions and to their minimum Fe requirements in regions perennially low in Fe. Fe consumption by FL bacteria is significant in the upper ocean in our model, and their competition with phytoplankton for Fe affects phytoplankton growth dynamics and can make bacteria become more carbon limited. The impact of FL bacteria on the Fe distribution in the ocean interior is small due to a tight coupling between Fe uptake and release. Moving forward, future work that considers other bacteria groups and different bacterial metabolisms is needed to explore the broader role of bacteria in ocean Fe cycling. In this context, the global growing’ omics data from ocean observing programs can play a crucial role.
Published: 2022
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27. Aromatic-Aromatic Interactions in Biological System: Structure Activity Relationships

Author: Govindaraju, Munisamy [Bio-Spatial Technology Research Unit, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu (India)]
Published: 2016

28. Improved Endurance Running Performance Following Haskap Berry (Lonicera caerulea L.) Ingestion

Author: Glyn Howatson, Gemma C. Snaith, Rachel Kimble, Gavin Cowper, Karen M. Keane, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK, Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK, School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland, and This research was supported as a collaborative research project (awarded to GH and KK) between Northumbria University, Haskapa Limited, UK and Mibelle Group Biochemistry, Switzerland. The external funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or preparation of the manuscript.
Subjects: time to exhaustion, time trial, recovery, Nutrition and Dietetics, human performance, (poly)phenols, anthocyanins, B400, Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, C600, Food Science
Abstract: Background: Food high in (poly)phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, have the potential to improve exercise recovery and exercise performance. Haskap berries are rich in anthocyanins, but no research has examined the potential to improve human performance. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Haskap berry on parameters of endurance running performance. Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo controlled, independent groups design, 30 male recreational runners (mean ± SD age, 33 ± 7 years; stature, 178.2 ± 7.2 cm; mass, 77.7 ± 10.6 kg; V˙O2peak, 52.2 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate. Following familiarisation, volunteers visited the laboratory twice (separated by seven days) to assess submaximal, maximal and 5 km time trial running performance. After the first visit, volunteers were randomly assigned to consume either the Haskap berry intervention or an isocaloric placebo control. Results: There were modest changes in heart rate and V˙O2 at submaximal intensities (p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion during the V˙O2peak test was longer in the Haskap group by 20 s (p = 0.031). Additionally, 5 km time trial performance was improved in the Haskap group by ~21 s (p = 0.016), which equated to a 0.25 km/h increase in mean running speed compared to the placebo control; this represented a >2% improvement in running performance. Conclusions: The application of this newly identified functional food to athletes has the capacity to improve endurance running performance.
Published: 2022

29. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author: Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Kun Guo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Egon Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Wu-Bing Xu, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University [Aarhus], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Andong National University, King‘s College London, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Bruun, Hans, Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda/0000-0002-9584-2109, He, Tianhua/0000-0002-0924-3637, Adam/0000-0002-7207-4004, Serra-Diaz, Josep M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein , Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ulo, Onoda, Yusuke, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Enio Egon, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Systems Ecology, WEN-YONG GUO, JOSEP M. SERRA-DIAZE, FRANZISKA SCHRODTF, WOLF L. EISERHARDT, BRIAN S. MAITNER, CORY MEROW, CYRILLE VIOLLEJ, MADHUR ANAND, MICHA?EL BELLUAU, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, CHAEHO BYUN, JANE A. CATFORD, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, DANIELA CICCARELLI, J. HANS C. CORNELISSEN, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, ARILDO S. DIAS, AELTON B. GIROLDO, KUN GUO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, WESLEY HATTINGH, TIANHUA HE, PETER HIETZ, NATE HOUGH-SNEE, STEVEN JANSEN, JENS KATTGE, TAMIR KLEIN, BENJAMIN KOMAC, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, KOEN KRAMER, SANDRA LAVOREL, CHRISTOPHER H. LUSK, ADAM R. MARTIN, MAURIZIO MENCUCCINI, SEAN T. MICHALETZ, VANESSA MINDENT, AKIRA S. MORI, ÜLO NIINEMETS, YUSUKE ONODA, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, JAN PISEK, BJORN J. M. ROBROEK, BRANDON SCHAMP, MARTIJN SLOT, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, CPACT, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, NELSON THIFFAULT, PETER VAN BODEGOM, FONS VAN DER PLAS, IAN J. WRIGHT, WU-BING XU, JINGMING ZHENG, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, JENS-CHRISTIAN SVENNING., Biology, and General Botany and Nature Management
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Life on Land, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Trees, Filosofie, tree species, Humans, biodiversity j conservation frameworks j land use j protected areas j tree species, Área protegida, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, conservation frameworks, Conservação, Anthropogenic Effects, Biodiversidade, Aquatic Ecology, land use, Árvore, Philosophy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, protected areas
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth?s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species? range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting highpriority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species? range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-21T15:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guo-et-al.-2022-PNAS-High-exposure-of-global-tree-diversity-to-human-pressure.pdf: 2523289 bytes, checksum: 245be3df3fb487ed152d25bf50f4e984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
Published: 2022
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30. Independent evolution of intermediate bill widths in a seabird clade

Author: Juan F. Masello, Peter G. Ryan, Lara D. Shepherd, Petra Quillfeldt, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Rachael Alderman, Luciano Calderón, Theresa L. Cole, Richard J. Cuthbert, Ben J. Dilley, Melanie Massaro, Colin M. Miskelly, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshan Moodley, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Primary Industries, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, School of Environmental Sciences and Institute for Land, Water and Society [Albury, Australia], Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC [Barcelona, Spain], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology [South Africa] (University of Venda), University of Venda, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa), and Royal Society of New Zealand
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gene Flow, Antarctic Regions, MacGillivray’s prion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian Ocean Islands, Pachyptila, Genetics, Procellariidae, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Phylogeny, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gough Island, Beak, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Phenotype, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hybridization, Genetic, Original Article, Convergent evolution, Procellariiformes
Abstract: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01845-3.-- Availability of data and material: DNA sequences: GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table 1. All data are available in the manuscript or in the Supplementary information file, Interspecific introgression can occur between species that evolve rapidly within an adaptive radiation. Pachyptila petrels differ in bill size and are characterised by incomplete reproductive isolation, leading to interspecific gene flow. Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini), whose bill width is intermediate between broad-billed (P. vittata) and Antarctic (P. desolata) prions, evolved through homoploid hybrid speciation. MacGillivray’s prion (P. macgillivrayi), known from a single population on St Paul (Indian Ocean), has a bill width intermediate between salvini and vittata and could also be the product of interspecies introgression or hybrid speciation. Recently, another prion population phenotypically similar to macgillivrayi was discovered on Gough (Atlantic Ocean), where it breeds 3 months later than vittata. The similarity in bill width between the medium-billed birds on Gough and macgillivrayi suggest that they could be closely related. In this study, we used genetic and morphological data to infer the phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of P. macgillivrayi and the Gough medium-billed prion relative other Pachyptila taxa, to determine whether species with medium bill widths evolved through common ancestry or convergence. We found that Gough medium-billed prions belong to the same evolutionary lineage as macgillivrayi, representing a new population of MacGillivray’s prion that originated through a colonisation event from St Paul. We show that macgillivrayi’s medium bill width evolved through divergence (genetic drift) and independently from that of salvini, which evolved through hybridisation (gene flow). This represents the independent convergence towards a similarly medium-billed phenotype. The newly discovered MacGillivray’s prion population on Gough is of utmost conservation relevance, as the relict macgillivrayi population in the Indian Ocean is very small, Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. PQ, JFM, TLC and LC were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), Heisenberg program (grant number DFG, Qu 148-5 to P.Q.). Logistical and financial support was obtained from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs, through the South African National Antarctic Programme. LDS was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2022
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31. MASTREE+ : time-series of plant reproductive effort from six continents

Author: Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Jessie J. Foest, Ian S. Pearse, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Walter D. Koenig, Giorgio Vacchiano, Michał Bogdziewicz, Thomas Caignard, Paulina Celebias, Joep van Dormolen, Marcos Fernández‐Martínez, Jose V. Moris, Ciprian Palaghianu, Mario Pesendorfer, Akiko Satake, Eliane Schermer, Andrew J. Tanentzap, Peter A. Thomas, Davide Vecchio, Andreas P. Wion, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Tingting Xue, Katharine Abernethy, Marie‐Claire Aravena Acuña, Marcelo Daniel Barrera, Jessica H. Barton, Stan Boutin, Emma R. Bush, Sergio Donoso Calderón, Felipe S. Carevic, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Juan Manuel Cellini, Colin A. Chapman, Hazel Chapman, Francesco Chianucci, Patricia da Costa, Luc Croisé, Andrea Cutini, Ben Dantzer, R. Justin DeRose, Jean‐Thoussaint Dikangadissi, Edmond Dimoto, Fernanda Lopes da Fonseca, Leonardo Gallo, Georg Gratzer, David F. Greene, Martín A. Hadad, Alejandro Huertas Herrera, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Jill F. Johnstone, Urs Kalbitzer, Władysław Kantorowicz, Christie A. Klimas, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jeffrey Lane, Katharina Lapin, Mateusz Ledwoń, Abigail C. Leeper, Maria Vanessa Lencinas, Ana Cláudia Lira‐Guedes, Michael C. Lordon, Paula Marchelli, Shealyn Marino, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Andrew G. McAdam, Ludovic R. W. Momont, Manuel Nicolas, Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt, Parisa Panahi, Guillermo Martínez Pastur, Thomas Patterson, Pablo Luis Peri, Łukasz Piechnik, Mehdi Pourhashemi, Claudia Espinoza Quezada, Fidel A. Roig, Karen Peña Rojas, Yamina Micaela Rosas, Silvio Schueler, Barbara Seget, Rosina Soler, Michael A. Steele, Mónica Toro‐Manríquez, Caroline E. G. Tutin, Tharcisse Ukizintambara, Lee White, Biplang Yadok, John L. Willis, Anita Zolles, Magdalena Żywiec, Davide Ascoli, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, PATRICIA DA COSTA, CNPMA, ANA CLAUDIA LIRA GUEDES, CPAF-AP, FERNANDA LOPES DA FONSECA, CPAF-AC, LUCIA HELENA DE OLIVEIRA WADT, CPAF-RO., Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Foest, Jessie J [0000-0002-8236-4646], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Koenig, Walter D [0000-0001-6207-1427], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Celebias, Paulina [0000-0001-9916-2904], Fernández-Martínez, Marcos [0000-0002-5661-3610], Moris, Jose V [0000-0003-0241-7910], Palaghianu, Ciprian [0000-0003-2496-2135], Pesendorfer, Mario [0000-0002-7994-7090], Satake, Akiko [0000-0002-0831-8617], Schermer, Eliane [0000-0001-7302-2241], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wohlgemuth, Thomas [0000-0002-4623-0894], Abernethy, Katharine [0000-0002-0393-9342], Aravena Acuña, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Daniel Barrera, Marcelo [0000-0002-9207-8109], Barton, Jessica H [0000-0002-2016-4278], Boutin, Stan [0000-0001-6317-038X], Bush, Emma R [0000-0003-4036-125X], Donoso Calderón, Sergio [0000-0002-4599-4702], Carevic, Felipe S [0000-0002-6137-2057], de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer [0000-0002-1064-2758], Manuel Cellini, Juan [0000-0002-7870-5751], Chapman, Colin A [0000-0002-8827-8140], Chapman, Hazel [0000-0001-8509-703X], Chianucci, Francesco [0000-0002-5688-2060], da Costa, Patricia [0000-0002-5192-6685], Cutini, Andrea [0000-0002-7033-2399], Dantzer, Ben [0000-0002-3058-265X], Justin DeRose, R [0000-0002-4849-7744], da Fonseca, Fernanda Lopes [0000-0001-7289-6684], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Hadad, Martín A [0000-0002-9334-064X], Herrera, Alejandro Huertas [0000-0003-2229-6714], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Kalbitzer, Urs [0000-0002-6289-7971], Kantorowicz, Władysław [0000-0002-2474-0113], Klimas, Christie A [0000-0001-9362-1305], Lageard, Jonathan GA [0000-0001-8971-0444], Lapin, Katharina [0000-0003-4462-2058], Ledwoń, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Vanessa Lencinas, Maria [0000-0002-2123-3976], Lira-Guedes, Ana Cláudia [0000-0001-9200-4727], Marchelli, Paula [0000-0002-6949-0656], McAdam, Andrew G [0000-0001-7323-2572], Nicolas, Manuel [0000-0002-0885-1227], de Oliveira Wadt, Lúcia Helena [0000-0002-5018-7550], Panahi, Parisa [0000-0002-5295-9534], Martínez Pastur, Guillermo [0000-0003-2614-5403], Patterson, Thomas [0000-0002-3498-893X], Luis Peri, Pablo [0000-0002-5398-4408], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Pourhashemi, Mehdi [0000-0002-8918-6336], Roig, Fidel A [0000-0003-0987-0486], Peña Rojas, Karen [0000-0001-6795-1503], Micaela Rosas, Yamina [0000-0001-7476-399X], Schueler, Silvio [0000-0003-0155-5692], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Soler, Rosina [0000-0002-5799-1672], Toro-Manríquez, Mónica [0000-0001-6492-1333], White, Lee [0000-0002-4595-5981], Yadok, Biplang [0000-0001-5926-9897], Willis, John L [0000-0003-0238-0003], Zolles, Anita [0000-0003-3476-3172], Żywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Biological Sciences [Chicago], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Kyushu University, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE GROUP DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), School of Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Faculty of Natural Sciences [Stirling], University of Stirling, Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Department of Biological Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Department of Anthropology [George Washington University] (GW), The George Washington University (GW), School of biological Sciences [Christchurch], University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Centro di Viticoltura ed Enologia [CREA], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon (ANPN), Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Universidad Austral de Chile, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, forest research institute, Department of silviculture and genetics of forest trees, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)
Subjects: Plantas Perennes, Reclutamiento, demography, Seed production, Regeneración, Regeneration (biological), Q1, Perennials, Flowering, Plant Propagation, Evolución de las Estrategias Reproductivas, Ecología Vegetal, flowering, general flowering, masting, plant reproduction, recruitment, regeneration, Propagación de Plantas, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Ecosistemas de Tierras Secas, Reproduction, R735, Plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seeds, General flowering, Recruitment, Strategies, FOS: Medical biotechnology, demography, flowering, general flowering, masting, plant reproduction, recruitment, regeneration, Dryland Ecosystems, Plant reproduction, ddc:570, Environmental Chemistry, Demografía, Regeneration, Floración, Time Series Analysis, Ecosystem, Demography, Plant Ecology, Masting, QR, Evolution of Reproductive Strategies, FOS: Biological sciences, Análisis de Series Temporales, Estrategias
Abstract: Significant gaps remain in understanding the response of plant reproduction to environmental change. This is partly because measuring reproduction in long-lived plants requires direct observation over many years and such datasets have rarely been made publicly available. Here we introduce MASTREE+, a data set that collates reproductive time-series data from across the globe and makes these data freely available to the community. MASTREE+ includes 73,828 georeferenced observations of annual reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit counts) in perennial plant populations worldwide. These observations consist of 5971 population-level time-series from 974 species in 66 countries. The mean and median time-series length is 12.4 and 10 years respectively, and the data set includes 1122 series that extend over at least two decades (≥20 years of observations). For a subset of well-studied species, MASTREE+ includes extensive replication of time-series across geographical and climatic gradients. Here we describe the open-access data set, available as a.csv file, and we introduce an associated web-based app for data exploration. MASTREE+ will provide the basis for improved understanding of the response of long-lived plant reproduction to environmental change. Additionally, MASTREE+ will enable investigation of the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in perennial plants, and the role of plant reproduction as a driver of ecosystem dynamics. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Hacket-Pain, Andrew. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Foest, Jessie J. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Pearse, Ian S. U.S. Fort Collins Science Center. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: LaMontagne, Jalene M. DePaul University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Koenig, Walter D. University of California Berkeley. Hastings Reservation; Estados Unidos Fil: Vacchiano, Giorgio. University of Milan. Milan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Italia. Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. University Grenoble Alpes. INRAE, LESSEM; Francia Fil: Caignard, Thomas. Université Bordeaux. INRAE, BIOGECO; Francia Fil: Celebias, Paulina. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Ascoli, Davide. University of Torino. Department of Agricultural. Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA); Italia Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina
Published: 2022
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32. Physical mechanisms for biological carbon uptake during the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE site)

Author: Michael Hemming, Liliane Merlivat, David Antoine, Laurence Beaumont, Melek Golbol, Vincenzo Vellucci, Jacqueline Boutin, Gareth A. Lee, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA, ESRIN contract nos. 4000102992/11/I-NB and 4000111801/14/I-NB, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), Sorbonne Université, Paris, the Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, ANR-10-BLAN-0620,BIOCAREX,Observations bio-optiques à haute résolution temporelle et spectrale en Méditerranée (site BOUSSOLE): aspects fondamentaux, implications et applications biogéochimiques(2010), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air-sea interaction, Mixed layer, Carbon uptake, fungi, Wind stress, Spring bloom, Atmospheric sciences, Mediterranean sea, Water column, 13. Climate action, Bloom onset, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Oceanic carbon cycle, Bloom, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Several trigger mechanisms have been proposed for the onset of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Among these is that phytoplankton cells begin to bloom when they experience higher average light levels in shallower mixed layers, a result of the surface net heat fluxes becoming positive and wind strength decreasing. We study the impact of these two forcings in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We take advantage of hourly measurements of oceanic and atmospheric parameters collected at two neighbouring moorings during the months of March and April in the years 2016 to 2019, combined with glider data in 2016. We identify the onset of the surface phytoplankton growth as concomitant with the start of significant biological activity detected by a sudden decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon derived from measurements in the upper 10 m of the water column. A rapid reduction in wind stress following high-wind events is observed at the same time. A resulting shallow mixing layer favours carbon uptake by phytoplankton lasting a few days. Simultaneously, the air–sea net heat flux switches from negative to positive, linked to changes in the latent air–sea heat flux, which is proportional to the wind speed. This results in an increased thermal stratification of the ocean's surface layers. In 2016, glider data show that the mixing layer is significantly shallower than the mixed layer at the onset of the surface phytoplankton bloom. We conclude that decreases in the mixing- and mixed-layer depths lead to the onset of the phytoplankton growth due to the relaxation of wind speed following storms. We estimate net daily community production in the mixing layer over periods of 3 d between 2016 and 2019 as between 38 and 191 mmol C m−2. These results have important implications, as biological processes play a major role in the seasonal evolution of surface pCO2 and thereby the rate of reduction in atmospheric CO2 by exchange at the air–sea interface.
Published: 2022
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33. A Socio-Technical Perspective on Repository Monitoring - 12229

Author: Simmons, Peter [University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom)]
Published: 2012

34. Editorial: Seismicity in Volcanic Areas

Author: Derek Keir, Luca De Siena, Cécile Doubre, Jessica H. Johnson, Francesco Maccaferri, Luigi Passarelli, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, University of East Anglia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Napoli (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, and National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Bologna, Italy
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, eruption, tectonic, volcano, earthquake, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, seismicity, volcanism, swarms, dyke, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, magma “mush”
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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35. Persistent Uncertainties in Ocean Net Primary Production Climate Change Projections at Regional Scales Raise Challenges for Assessing Impacts on Ecosystem Services

Author: Momme Butenschön, Matthieu Lengaigne, Jérôme Vialard, William W. L. Cheung, Lester Kwiatkowski, Alessandro Tagliabue, Laurent Bopp, School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM)
Subjects: climate projections, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Carbon sequestration, ocean net primary production, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, ocean modeling, GE1-350, ocean biogeochemical model, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, oceanography, ocean biogeochemical cycles, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Coupled model intercomparison project, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Primary production, 15. Life on land, Environmental sciences, climate change, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, earth system model (ESM), business
Abstract: Ocean net primary production (NPP) results from CO2 fixation by marine phytoplankton, catalysing the transfer of organic matter and energy to marine ecosystems, supporting most marine food webs, and fisheries production as well as stimulating ocean carbon sequestration. Thus, alterations to ocean NPP in response to climate change, as quantified by Earth system model experiments conducted as part of the 5th and 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) efforts, are expected to alter key ecosystem services. Despite reductions in inter-model variability since CMIP5, the ocean components of CMIP6 models disagree roughly 2-fold in the magnitude and spatial distribution of NPP in the contemporary era, due to incomplete understanding and insufficient observational constraints. Projections of NPP change in absolute terms show large uncertainty in CMIP6, most notably in the North Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific regions, with the latter explaining over two-thirds of the total inter-model uncertainty. While the Indo-Pacific has previously been identified as a hotspot for climate impacts on biodiversity and fisheries, the increased inter-model variability of NPP projections further exacerbates the uncertainties of climate risks on ocean-dependent human communities. Drivers of uncertainty in NPP changes at regional scales integrate different physical and biogeochemical factors that require more targeted mechanistic assessment in future studies. Globally, inter-model uncertainty in the projected changes in NPP has increased since CMIP5, which amplifies the challenges associated with the management of associated ecosystem services. Notably, this increased regional uncertainty in the projected NPP change in CMIP6 has occurred despite reduced uncertainty in the regional rates of NPP for historical period. Improved constraints on the magnitude of ocean NPP and the mechanistic drivers of its spatial variability would improve confidence in future changes. It is unlikely that the CMIP6 model ensemble samples the complete uncertainty in NPP, with the inclusion of additional mechanistic realism likely to widen projections further in the future, especially at regional scales. This has important consequences for assessing ecosystem impacts. Ultimately, we need an integrated mechanistic framework that considers how NPP and marine ecosystems respond to impacts of not only climate change, but also the additional non-climate drivers.
Published: 2021
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36. Seabird migration strategies: Flight budgets, diel activity patterns and lunar influence

Author: Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Maria P. Dias, Richard A. Phillips, José P. Granadeiro, M. de L. Brooke, Olivier Chastel, Thomas A. Clay, Annette L. Fayet, Olivier Gilg, Jacob González-Solís, Tim Guilford, Sveinn A. Hanssen, April Hedd, Audrey Jaeger, Johannes Krietsch, Johannes Lang, Matthieu Le Corre, Teresa Militão, Børge Moe, William A. Montevecchi, Hans-Ulrich Peter, Patrick Pinet, Matt J. Rayner, Tim Reid, José Manuel Reyes-González, Peter G. Ryan, Paul M. Sagar, Niels M. Schmidt, David R. Thompson, Rob van Bemmelen, Yutaka Watanuki, Henri Weimerskirch, Takashi Yamamoto, Paulo Catry, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], CESAM, Departamento de Biologia Animal [Portugal], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Department of Zoology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat - Biodiversity Research Institute [Barcelona, Spain] (IRBio UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Germany], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Psychology Department [Canada], Memorial University, Canada, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch] (NIWA), Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Wageningen Marine Research [The Netherlands], Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties [Japan], Meiji University [Tokyo], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Moonlight, Range (biology), Science, Bird migration, moon phases, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Nocturnal, QH1-199.5, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, transequatorial migrants, Nocturnality, biology.animal, migratory behaviour, Diel vertical migration, Water Science and Technology, Full moon, ecological barriers, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, nocturnality, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Fishery, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seabird, bird migration, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract: Every year, billions of birds undertake extensive migrations between breeding and nonbreeding areas, facing challenges that require behavioural adjustments, particularly to flight timing and duration. Such adjustments in daily activity patterns and the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental conditions, moonlight) have received much more research attention in terrestrial than marine migrants. Taking advantage of the widespread deployment in recent decades of combined light-level geolocator-immersion loggers, we investigated diel organisation and influence of the moon on flight activities during the non-breeding season of 21 migrant seabird species from a wide taxonomic range (6 families, 3 orders). Migrant seabirds regularly stopped (to either feed or rest) migration, unlike some terrestrial and wetland birds which fly non-stop. We found an overall increase for most seabird species in time in flight and, for several species, also in flight bout duration, during migration compared to when resident at the non-breeding grounds. Additionally, several nocturnal species spent more of the day in flight during migration than at non-breeding areas, and vice versa for diurnal species. Nocturnal time in flight tended to increase during full moon, both during migration and at the nonbreeding grounds, depending on species. Our study provides an extensive overview of activity patterns of migrant seabirds, paving the way for further research on the underlying mechanisms and drivers. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021
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37. Simultaneous measurement of multiple soil properties through proximal sensor data fusion: A case study

Author: Qianjun Gan, Wenjun Ji, Viacheslav I. Adamchuk, Ashraf A. Ismail, Songchao Chen, Zhou Shi, Asim Biswas, Ahmad Mat Su, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Université McGill, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agriculture Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, School of Environmental Sciences, Nova Gorica Polytechnic, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Departement of Soil and Environment, and InfoSol (InfoSol)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Soil map, Multivariate adaptive regression splines, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil organic matter, Soil Science, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Sensor fusion, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Random forest, soil sciences, sciences du sol, Partial least squares regression, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this research, proximal soil sensor data fusion was defined as a multifaceted process which integrates geospatially correlated data, or information, from multiple proximal soil sensors to accurately characterize the spatial complexity of soils. This has capability of providing improved understanding of soil heterogeneity for potential applications associated with crop production and natural resource management. To assess the potential of data fusion for the purpose of improving thematic soil mapping over the single sensor approach, data from multiple proximal soil sensors were combined to develop and validate predictive relationships with laboratory-measured soil physical and chemical properties. The work was conducted in an agricultural field with both mineral and organic soils. The integrated data included: topography records obtained using a real-time kinetic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) obtained using an electromagnetic induction sensor, and content of several naturally occurring radioisotopes detected using a mobile gamma-ray spectrometer. In addition, the soil profile data were collected using a commercial ruggedized multi-sensor platform carrying a visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) optical sensor and a galvanic contact soil ECa sensor. The measurements were carried out at predefined field locations covering the entire study area identified from sensor measured a priori information on field elevation, ECa and gamma-ray count. The information was used to predict: soil organic matter (SOM), pH, lime buffer capacity (LBC), as well as concentration of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al). Partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) were used to predict soil properties from individual sensors and different sensor combinations (sensor data fusion). By integrating the data from all of the proximal soil sensors, SOM, pH, LBC, Ca, Mg, and Al were predicted simultaneously with R2 > 0.5 (RPD > 1.50). Improved predictions were observed for most soil properties based on sensor data fusion than those based on individual sensors. After choosing the optimal sensor combination for each soil property, the predictive capability was compared using different data mining algorithms, including support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and regression trees (CART). Improved predictions for SOM, Ca, Mg, and Al were observed using SVM over PLSR. The predictive capability was followed by RF and MARS, with CART. Predictions of pH and LBC were only feasible using MARS and PLSR, respectively. In this field, it was not possible to predict extractable P and K using all tested sensor combinations or algorithms. With large variability in SOM, the field presents a special situation and thus, the result could be specific to the study site. Further research includes an extended number of experimental sites covering different geographic areas around Eastern Canada.
Published: 2019
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38. Observation System Simulation Experiments in the Atlantic Ocean for enhanced surface ocean pCO2 reconstructions

Author: Anna Denvil-Sommer, Marion Gehlen, Mathieu Vrac, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Embryology, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface ocean, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global ocean model, Cell Biology, Mooring, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Observation system, Climatology, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Anatomy, Southern Hemisphere, Argo, Developmental Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: To derive an optimal observation system for surface ocean pCO2 in the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean eleven Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) were completed. Each OSSE is a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) that is based on a different data distribution and provides ocean surface pCO2 for the period 2008–2010 with a 5 day time interval. Based on the geographical and time positions from three observational platforms, volunteering observing ships (VOS), Argo floats and OceanSITES moorings, pseudo-observations were constructed using the outputs from an online-coupled physical-biogeochemical global ocean model with 0.25° nominal resolution. The aim of this work was to find an optimal spatial distribution of observations to supplement the widely used Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) and to improve the accuracy of ocean surface pCO2 reconstructions. OSSEs showed that the additional data from mooring stations and an improved coverage of the Southern Hemisphere with biogeochemical ARGO floats corresponding to least 25 % of the density of active floats (2008–2010) (OSSE 10) would significantly improve the pCO2 reconstruction and reduce the bias of derived estimates of sea-air CO2 fluxes by 74 % compared to ocean model outputs.
Published: 2021
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39. Observation system simulation experiments in the Atlantic Ocean for enhanced surface ocean pCO2 reconstructions

Author: Denvil-Sommer, Anna, Gehlen, Marion, Vrac, Mathieu, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), This research has been supported by GreenGrog (GMMC)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: To derive an optimal observation system for surface ocean pCO2 in the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, 11 observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were completed. Each OSSE is a feedforward neural network (FFNN) that is based on a different data distribution and provides ocean surface pCO2 for the period 2008–2010 with a 5 d time interval. Based on the geographical and time positions from three observational platforms, volunteering observing ships, Argo floats and OceanSITES moorings, pseudo-observations were constructed using the outputs from an online-coupled physical–biogeochemical global ocean model with 0.25∘ nominal resolution. The aim of this work was to find an optimal spatial distribution of observations to supplement the widely used Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) and to improve the accuracy of ocean surface pCO2 reconstructions. OSSEs showed that the additional data from mooring stations and an improved coverage of the Southern Hemisphere with biogeochemical ARGO floats corresponding to least 25 % of the density of active floats (2008–2010) (OSSE 10) would significantly improve the pCO2 reconstruction and reduce the bias of derived estimates of sea–air CO2 fluxes by 74 % compared to ocean model outputs.
Published: 2021
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40. Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts

Author: Sébastien Descamps, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Jack Kohler, Philip Bertrand, Harald Steen, Joséphine Maton, Samantha C. Patrick, Pierre Blévin, Haakon Hop, Hallvard Strøm, Geir Moholdt, Olivier Chastel, Marie-Josée Fortin, Stephanie M. Harris, Joël Bêty, Département de biologie, chimie et géographie & Centre d’études nordiques [Canada], Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], and Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Behavioural ecology, Science, Foraging, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Birds, Charadriiformes, Animals, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Ecosystem, Seascape, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tidewater glacier cycle, Pelagic zone, Glacier, Feeding Behavior, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Arctic, Biogeography, Kittiwake, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Seasons, Estuaries
Abstract: In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers.
Published: 2021
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41. Leaf phenology correlates with fruit production in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and in temperate oaks (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea)

Author: Thomas Caignard, Valentin Journé, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Michał Bogdziewicz, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), This work is part of the PhD thesis of the first author, funded by the Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur region and the National Institute of Agricultural Research institute (INRA). MB was supported by National Science Centre Sonatina No. 2017/24/C/NZ8/00151 and TC by the ANR Project FOREPRO (ANR-19-CE32-0008)., and ANR-19-CE32-0008,FOREPRO,Impact du changement climatique sur la reproduction et la regeneration des arbres forestiers(2019)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Fagus sylvatica, Phenology, Masting, Quercus sp, Growing season, Forestry, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Quercus robur, Horticulture, Deciduous, Canopy duration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Quercus petraea, Deciduous trees, Beech, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Phenology and fruit production are sensitive to climate. Variation of leaf phenology alters canopy duration (an indicator of growing season length), which in turn affects forest ecosystem functioning and tree productivity. However, the influence of canopy duration on tree reproduction is poorly explored. In this study, we investigated if and to what extent the canopy duration influences fruit production in three major European deciduous trees: European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and two temperate oaks (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea). We used a long-term (11 years) monitoring dataset from 50 populations. In addition to the widely reported main effect of previous summer temperature on fruit production in European beech, we detected a nonlinear relationship between current canopy duration and fruit production. For beech, intermediate canopy duration is associated with highest fruit production. In oaks, fruit production was positively correlated with spring temperature and current canopy duration. Total variance explained by our models is 45% and 13%, for beech and oaks, respectively. These results suggest contrasting effects of expected increase in canopy duration on fruit production: nonlinear in European beech and positive linear in oaks.
Published: 2021
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42. Enhanced photosensitized degradation of rhodamine B on CdS/TiO{sub 2} nanocomposites under visible light irradiation

Author: Teng, Fei [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing 210044 (China)]
Published: 2013
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43. Correcting a major error in assessing organic carbon pollution in natural waters

Author: Yongqin Liu, Chen He, Jia Sun, Tang Kai, Gerhard J. Herndl, Helmuth Thomas, Quan Shi, Zongqing Lv, Wei-Jun Cai, Jianning Wang, Nianzhi Jiao, Ruanhong Cai, Paul S. Hill, Fanglue Jiao, Rui Wang, David A. Hutchins, Bethanie R. Edwards, Carol V. Robinson, Yao Zhang, Qiang Zheng, Xilin Xiao, John Batt, Marlon R. Lewis, Xingyu Huang, Bixi Guo, Luca Polimene, Jihua Liu, Julie LaRoche, Farooq Azam, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Rui Zhang, Louis Legendre, Curtis A. Suttle, Hugh L. MacIntyre, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Shandong University, Dalhousie University [Halifax], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Delaware [Newark], China University of Petroleum, University of Vienna [Vienna], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Southern California (USC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Institut für Küstenforschung / Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Biochemical oxygen demand, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental Studies, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved organic carbon, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Chemical oxygen demand, SciAdv r-articles, Carbon sink, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Research Article
Abstract: A widely used method is found to overestimate organic pollution in natural waters, and an alternative method is proposed., Microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic environments can cause oxygen depletion, water acidification, and CO2 emissions. These problems are caused by labile DOC (LDOC) and not refractory DOC (RDOC) that resists degradation and is thus a carbon sink. For nearly a century, chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been widely used for assessment of organic pollution in aquatic systems. Here, we show through a multicountry survey and experimental studies that COD is not an appropriate proxy of microbial degradability of organic matter because it oxidizes both LDOC and RDOC, and the latter contributes up to 90% of DOC in high-latitude forested areas. Hence, COD measurements do not provide appropriate scientific information on organic pollution in natural waters and can mislead environmental policies. We propose the replacement of the COD method with an optode-based biological oxygen demand method to accurately and efficiently assess organic pollution in natural aquatic environments.
Published: 2021
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44. Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the High‐Latitude North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Variations and Volcanic Inputs

Author: Sebastian Steigenberger, Eric P. Achterberg, Jessica K. Klar, Alex R. Baker, C. Mark Moore, Toste Tanhua, Douglas S. Hamilton, Thomas J. Browning, Chris M. Marsay, Stuart C. Painter, Lucia Helena Vieira, Steigenberger, Sebastian, 1 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton Southampton UK, Klar, Jessica K., 4 Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (CEFREM), UMR 5110, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS Perpignan France, Browning, Thomas J., 2 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany, Marsay, Chris M., 5 Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia Savannah GA USA, Painter, Stuart C., 3 National Oceanography Centre Southampton UK, Vieira, Lúcia H., Baker, Alex R., 6 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK, Hamilton, Douglas S., 7 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA, Tanhua, Toste, and Moore, C. Mark
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, 551.9, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trace element, Biogeochemistry, Stratification (water), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Flux (metallurgy), Volcano, 13. Climate action, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, while 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% [dissolved Cd, DCd] and −2.43% [DZn] of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter + diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump., Key Points: Bio‐essential element concentrations in surface waters decreased from spring to summer with removal ratios reflecting biological uptake. Effects of volcanic inputs from Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010 were pronounced for Al, Mn, and Zn but returned to typical levels in summer. Deep winter convection dominated trace element supply to surface waters with minor contributions from atmospheric and diffusive mixing., GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153, Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270
Published: 2021
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45. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Seropositivity among Tick Infested Individuals in Serbia

Author: Pavle Banović, Adrian Alberto Díaz-Sánchez, Vesna Turkulov, Dragana Mijatović, Jasmina Grujic, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Zorana Budakov-Obradovic, Dasiel Obregón, Nevenka Bujandric, Sinisa Sević, Srdjan Stankov, Verica Simin, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Saskatchewan - Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pasteur de Serbie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Tick, Article, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, TBEV, Epidemiology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Seroprevalence, risk factors, education, Molecular Biology, Direct fluorescent antibody, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, seroprevalence, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, business, Encephalitis
Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), is a life-threatening disease with clinical symptoms ranging from non-specific to severe inflammation of the central nervous system. Despite TBE is a notifiable disease in Serbia since 2004, there is no active TBE surveillance program for the serologic or molecular screening of TBEV infection in humans in the country. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the TBEV exposure among tick-infested individuals in Serbia during the year 2020. A total of 113 individuals exposed to tick bites were recruited for the study and screened for anti-TBEV antibodies using a commercial indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) test. Blood samples from 50 healthy donors not exposed to tick bites were included as a control group. Most of the enrolled patients reported infestations with one tick, being I. ricinus the most frequent tick found in the participants. The TBEV seroprevalence was higher (13.27%, 15 total 113) in tick-infested individuals than in healthy donors (4%, 2 total 50), although the difference was not significant. Notably, male individuals exposed to tick bites showed five times higher relative risk (RR) of being TBEV-seropositive than healthy donors of the same gender (RR= 5.1, CI = 1.6–19, p = 0.007). None of the seropositive individuals developed clinical manifestations of TBE, but the first clinical-stage of Lyme borreliosis (i.e., erythema migrans) was detected in seven of them. Potential TBEV foci were identified in rural areas, mostly in proximity or within the Fruška Gora mountain. We conclude that the Serbian population is at high risk of TBEV exposure. Further epidemiological studies should focus on potential TBEV foci identified in this study. The implementation of active surveillance for TBEV might contribute to evaluating the potential negative impact of TBE in Serbia.
Published: 2021
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46. Walking the sustainability assessment talk - Progressing the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Author: Retief, Francois [School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University (South Africa)]
Published: 2012
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47. An investigation of environmental and sustainability discourses associated with the substantive purposes of environmental assessment

Author: Chilvers, Jason [Science, Society and Sustainability Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom)]
Published: 2012
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48. Capturing the implications of land use change in Brazil through environmental assessment: Time for a strategic approach?

Author: Bond, Alan [InteREAM (Interdisciplinary Research in Environmental Assessment and Management), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom)]
Published: 2011
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49. Benchmarking performance: Environmental impact statements in Egypt

Author: Cashmore, Matthew [InteREAM, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom)]
Published: 2011
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50. Changing atmospheric acidity as a modulator of nutrient deposition and ocean biogeochemistry

Author: Athanasios Nenes, Morgane M. G. Perron, Manmohan Sarin, Rachel U. Shelley, Cécile Guieu, Natalie M. Mahowald, Maria Kanakidou, Robert A. Duce, Tim Jickells, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Akinori Ito, Peter Croot, Yuan Gao, David R. Turner, Rob Middag, Alex R. Baker, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Beihang University (BUAA), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], Cornell University [New York], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and University of Gothenburg (GU)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ph, Environmental Studies, bioavailable phosphorus, Reviews, Review, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface microlayer, soluble organic-matter, nitrogen, Atmosphere, Nutrient, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, iron solubility, 14. Life underwater, skin and connective tissue diseases, southern-ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mineral dust, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, fungi, Biogeochemistry, Particulates, 15. Life on land, Deposition (aerosol physics), speciation, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, aerosol acidity, Seawater, particle water, sense organs, SciAdv reviews, Deposition (chemistry), geographic locations
Abstract: Changing atmospheric acidity alters the delivery of nutrients to the ocean and affects marine productivity and ecology., Anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere have increased the flux of nutrients, especially nitrogen, to the ocean, but they have also altered the acidity of aerosol, cloud water, and precipitation over much of the marine atmosphere. For nitrogen, acidity-driven changes in chemical speciation result in altered partitioning between the gas and particulate phases that subsequently affect long-range transport. Other important nutrients, notably iron and phosphorus, are affected, because their soluble fractions increase upon exposure to acidic environments during atmospheric transport. These changes affect the magnitude, distribution, and deposition mode of individual nutrients supplied to the ocean, the extent to which nutrient deposition interacts with the sea surface microlayer during its passage into bulk seawater, and the relative abundances of soluble nutrients in atmospheric deposition. Atmospheric acidity change therefore affects ecosystem composition, in addition to overall marine productivity, and these effects will continue to evolve with changing anthropogenic emissions in the future.
Published: 2021
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