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Investigating the metabolic effects of radiation is critical to understand the impact of radiotherapy, space travel, and exposure to environmental radiation. In patients undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, iron overload is a common risk factor for poor outcomes. However, no studies have interrogated the multiorgan effects of these treatments concurrently. Herein, we use a model that recapitulates transfusional iron overload, a condition often observed in chronically transfused patients. We applied an omics approach to investigate the impact of both the iron load and irradiation on the host metabolome. The results revealed dose-dependent effects of irradiation in the red blood cells, plasma, spleen, and liver energy and redox metabolism. Increases in polyamines and purine salvage metabolites were observed in organs with high oxygen consumption including the heart, kidneys, and brain. Irradiation also impacted the metabolism of the duodenum, colon, and stool, suggesting a potential effect on the microbiome. Iron infusion affected the response to radiation in the organs and blood, especially in erythrocyte polyamines and spleen antioxidant metabolism, and affected glucose, methionine, and glutathione systems and tryptophan metabolism in the liver, stool, and the brain. Together, the results suggest that radiation impacts metabolism on a multiorgan level with a significant interaction of the host iron status.

We isolated 32 yeasts from King George Island, which we then identified and characterized. Twenty-six belonged to Basidiomycota among the genera Naganishia, Holtermaniella, Vishniacozyma, Phenoliferia, Mrakia and Cystobasidium, and only six were Ascomycota of the genera Metschnikowia and Debaryomyces. Thirteen were psychrophiles, while 19 were psychrotolerant. Certain isolates exhibited a high tolerance to NaCl (3.5 M), while most tolerated Ni2+, Zn2+ and Li+. Cu2+ and Cd2+, however, inhibited the growth of most of the isolates. We assessed a bioprospecting of extracellular enzymes and their ability to biodegrade or bioaccumulate textile dyes. β-Glucosidases (59%) and esterases (53%) were the main extracellular enzymes detected. A minor proportion of the yeasts produced pectinases and xylanases; only psychrophiles produced proteases. Vishniacozyma, Naganishia, Phenoliferia and Mrakia were the richest genera in terms of enzyme production. Greater than 70% of the isolates decolourized solid medium supplemented with various dyes at 4°C and 20°C. Isolates belonging to the genera Vishniacozyma, Cystobasidium, Mrakia and Phenoliferia seem to have potential for textile dye bio-decolourization. The results demonstrated that yeasts collected from the Maritime Antarctic are a potential source of new enzymes of biotechnological interest, and that certain isolates could potentially be considered in the design of textile wastewater decolourizations.

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) stored for longer durations induces hemolysis and inflammatory cytokine production in murine and canine models. Despite immune system activation by stored RBCs, human randomized trials suggest that fresher RBC transfusions do not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that underlying recipient hemolysis may affect cytokine responses to older RBC transfusions.C57BL/6 mouse cohorts were infused with anti-TER119 antibody to induce hemolysis, rabbit anti-platelet antiserum to induce immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), or appropriate control antibodies. Two days later, mice were transfused with fresh or stored RBCs. Furthermore, in a prospective, randomized, blinded trial, 38 client-owned dogs with primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and two dogs with ITP, requiring RBC transfusion, were enrolled and randomized to receive fresh (≤7 days) or old (≥21 days) stored RBC transfusions. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels were assessed at defined times after transfusion.Prior immune-mediated hemolysis blunted the MCP-1 response to stored RBC transfusion in mice (361 ± 111 pg/ml vs. 6836 ± 1528 pg/ml in mice with immune hemolysis vs. ITP, respectively; mean ± SD; p .0001). Although hemolysis markers increased after transfusion of older RBCs, the cytokine response was also muted in dogs with AIHA. No differences in morbidity or mortality were evident comparing dogs randomized to fresh or old RBCs.These data suggest that underlying hemolysis blunts inflammatory responses to old RBC transfusions. The canine data support randomized trial results suggesting a lack of clinical benefit with fresh RBC transfusions in subjects with underlying, baseline hemolysis.

Con la llegada del COVID-19 a la Argentina se evidencio la falta de herramientas de origen local que permitieran mitigar los efectos de la pandemia desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. Una de estas herramientas claves para dicho propósito, contempla el uso de métodos de diagnóstico rápidos y eficientes. Dentro de cuales, el más versátil, desde un punto de vista de su relación costo beneficio, lo constituyen los llamados test serológicos rápidos. Este tipo de métodos, permiten realizar estudios poblacionales a gran escala con la finalidad de hallar individuos infectados y trazar redes de contactos estrechos, permitiendo desde el punto de vista epidemiológico realizar mapeo y segregación de áreas contemplando métricas como incidencia de la enfermedad e inmunidad poblacional adquirida. El principio de este tipo de herramienta se basa en la detección de anticuerpos en sangre mediante un principio inmunocromatográfico y detección visual. Este sistema, debido a su baja complejidad y bajo costo de sus componentes permite su implementación sin la necesidad de una infraestructura hospitalaria o laboratorio. Para la realización de la prueba diagnóstica se requiere de una gota de sangre digital del individuo a testear y de la aplicación de la misma en el dispositivo, posteriormente mediante el agregado de una gota del reactivo cromatográfico se puede evidenciar la aparición de color en una o dos líneas de testeo, las cuales indicaran si la persona analizada posee o no anticuerpos contra el COVID-19. Si el resultado es positivo, indicativo de está o ha estado en contacto con el virus. Por ello, este tipo de test permite al personal sanitario tomar decisiones inmediatas acerca de la situación de una persona o grupo de personas positivas. ersona o grupo de personas positivas.

The debris flood created by the 5 November 2015 failure of the Fundão dam in Brazil injected a large amount of fine sediment in the Gualaxo do Norte River system. Although coarse and sand-sized sediment injections in rivers have been studied in relative detail, little is known about river response to overloading of mud-sized sediments (consisting of clay and silt). This paper presents an assessment of suspended sediment transport occurring in and along the Gualaxo do Norte River after the Fundão dam failure to contribute to the general understanding of how rivers recover following large inputs of mud-sized sediments (consisting of clay and silt). The average total sediment removal estimated based on the last 2 rainy periods is 54 466 tonnes, ranging from 37 385 to 71 546 tonnes according to the uncertainty analysis. The sediment transport analysis suggests that the Gualaxo do Norte River is returning to its pre-event morphological character in terms of sediment transport. However, the morphologic recovery of the system has been constrained in recent years by decreased stream power, the result of moderate wet seasons and limited large flood events. We anticipate that future larger flood events will transport most of the remaining available in-channel tailings, speeding up the physical morphologic recovery of the Gualaxo do Norte River, which is a key component of improving water quality and eventually the river ecology. Although the proposed approach for the sediment budget is simplified and has limitations and uncertainties, it provides a scientific basis to explain the natural fluvial processes that have been occurring in the river system. The approach used for the sediment budget presented in this paper could be applied to similar cases with limited data. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:572-582. © 2020 SETAC.A passagem da onda de rejeitos criada pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão, em 5 de novembro de 2015, despejou uma grande quantidade de sedimentos finos no rio Gualaxo do Norte. Embora a inserção de sedimentos grossos e do tamanho de areia em rios tenham sido estudada em maiores detalhes, pouco se sabe sobre a resposta de rios à uma sobrecarga de rejeitos do tipo lama (sedimentos do tamanho de argila-silte). Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação do transporte de sedimentos em suspensão que tem ocorrido no rio Gualaxo do Norte depois do rompimento da barragem de Fundão, com o objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento geral de como sistemas fluviais se recuperam após sobrecargas de sedimentos finos (argila-silte). A remoção média total de sedimentos estimada com base nos dois últimos períodos chuvosos é de 54.466 toneladas, variando de 37.385 a 71.546 toneladas de acordo com a análise de incerteza. A análise do transporte de sedimentos sugere que o rio Gualaxo do Norte está retornando a sua condição morfológica pré-evento em termos de transporte de sedimentos. No entanto, a recuperação física do sistema tem sido limitada pelo comportamento hidráulico do rio nos últimos anos, com estações de chuvosas moderadas e limitados eventos de cheia de grande magnitude. É muito provável que futuros eventos de cheia de grande magnitude irão transportar a maior parte dos rejeitos restantes disponíveis no canal, acelerando a recuperação morfológica física do rio Gualaxo do Norte. Esse processo é um componente essencial na recuperação da qualidade da água e da ecologia do rio. Embora a abordagem proposta para o balanço de massa de sedimentos seja simplificada e tenha limitações e incertezas, ela fornece uma base científica para explicar os processos fluviais naturais que vêm ocorrendo no sistema fluvial. A abordagem apresentada para o balanço de massa de sedimentos pode ser aplicada a casos semelhantes com dados limitados. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:572-582.

Introduction: the educational teaching process in higher education can be affected by a large number of situations. The timely identification of the same and the individualized treatment of each student constitute a premise to increase the academic performance of the students. Objective: to identify the factors that negatively influence the learning process of the subject of Physical Activities and Health. Methodology: a descriptive study was carried out in 61 students of the Health Promotion and Care career belonging to the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. A data collection model was applied to obtain information related to the different variables included in the study. Chi square and Pearson's correlation were determined to establish a relationship between the different variables included in the study. Result: there was an average age of 21.07 years with a predominance of students between 20 and 22 years (63.93%). The inadequate methodology (26.23%) was the teaching factor that the students mostly identified. Poor study habits (57.38%) and class absences (44.26%) were factors related to students who showed statistical significance; as well as the deficit of study material (78.69%) and practical hours (73.77%) in the case of factors related to the institution. Conclusions: The institutional factors were those that had the greatest relationship with the low academic achievement of the students. The factors related to the students also influenced the low achievement of the students.

Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions are – with Polar Regions, mountains and the deep sea – the most extreme environments on Earth because of its low temperatures, dryness, high incidence of solar radiation and low nutrient availability. Nevertheless, microorganisms have successfully colonized these regions. In this study, culturable yeasts from soil samples collected from two different locations, a human-impacted area (Encerrada Bay) and a largely pristine and naturally vegetated area near Lago Escondido city (54 390 000S, 67 460 4800W) from Tierra del Fuego province, Argentina were identified and characterized at different levels. They were characterized and classified as psychrotolerant and were considered as moderately halotolerant because of their ability to grow in the presence of 1.5 M of NaCl. Yeasts from phylum Ascomycota were affiliated to five genera: Candida, Yarrowia, Debaryomyces, Nadsonia, and Wickerhamiella, whereas from phylum Basidiomycota yeasts were affiliated to six genera: Naganishia, Rhodotorula, Leucosporidum, Tausonia, Cystofilobasidium, and Apiotrichum. Most of the yeasts demonstrated at least one extracellular enzymatic activity (mainly b-glucosidase, esterase, and protease activities). One isolate identified as Tausonia pullulans showed significant activity across the eight enzyme types tested. In light of these findings, Tierra del Fuego province could be considered as a cold environment with a potential source of cold-adapted yeasts producing industrially relevant cold-active enzymes. Fil: Cavello, Ivana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Bezus, Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Adalgisa. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Química; Uruguay Fil: Garmendia, Gabriela. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Química; Uruguay Fil: Vero, Silvana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Química; Uruguay Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina

Background: Argentina’s geothermal areas are niches of a rich microbial diversity. In 2020, species of Bacillus cytotoxicus were isolated for the first time from these types of pristine natural areas. Bacillus cytotoxicus strains demonstrated the capability to grow and degrade chicken feathers with the concomitant production of proteases with keratinolytic activity, enzymes that have multitude of industrial applications. The aim of this research was to study the production of the proteolytic enzymes and its characterization. Also, feather protein hydrolysates produced during fermentation were characterized. Results: Among the thermotolerant strains isolated from the Domuyo geothermal area (Neuquén province, Argentina), Bacillus cytotoxicus LT-1 and Oll-15 were selected and put through submerged cultures using feather wastes as sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source in order to obtain proteolytic enzymes and protein hydrolysates. Complete degradation of feathers was achieved after 48 h. Zymograms demonstrated the presence of several proteolytic enzymes with an estimated molecular weight between 50 and > 120 kDa. Optimum pH and temperatures of Bacillus cytotoxicus LT-1 crude extract were 7.0 and 40 °C, meanwhile for Oll-15 were 7.0 and 50 °C. Crude extracts were inhibited by EDTA and 1,10 phenanthroline indicating the presence of metalloproteases. Feather protein hydrolysates showed an interesting antioxidant potential measured through radical-scavenging and Fe3+-reducing activities. Conclusion: This work represents an initial approach on the study of the biotechnological potential of proteases produced by Bacillus cytotoxicus. The results demonstrated the importance of continuous search for new biocatalysts with new characteristics and enzymes to be able to cope with the demands in the market., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

Con la llegada del COVID-19 a la Argentina se evidencio la falta de herramientas de origen local que permitieran mitigar los efectos de la pandemia desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. Una de estas herramientas claves para dicho propósito, contempla el uso de métodos de diagnóstico rápidos y eficientes. Dentro de cuales, el más versátil, desde un punto de vista de su relación costo beneficio, lo constituyen los llamados test serológicos rápidos. Este tipo de métodos, permiten realizar estudios poblacionales a gran escala con la finalidad de hallar individuos infectados y trazar redes de contactos estrechos, permitiendo desde el punto de vista epidemiológico realizar mapeo y segregación de áreas contemplando métricas como incidencia de la enfermedad e inmunidad poblacional adquirida. El principio de este tipo de herramienta se basa en la detección de anticuerpos en sangre mediante un principio inmunocromatográfico y detección visual. Este sistema, debido a su baja complejidad y bajo costo de sus componentes permite su implementación sin la necesidad de una infraestructura hospitalaria o laboratorio. Para la realización de la prueba diagnóstica se requiere de una gota de sangre digital del individuo a testear y de la aplicación de la misma en el dispositivo, posteriormente mediante el agregado de una gota del reactivo cromatográfico se puede evidenciar la aparición de color en una o dos líneas de testeo, las cuales indicaran si la persona analizada posee o no anticuerpos contra el COVID-19. Si el resultado es positivo, indicativo de está o ha estado en contacto con el virus. Por ello, este tipo de test permite al personal sanitario tomar decisiones inmediatas acerca de la situación de una persona o grupo de personas positivas. With the arrival of COVID-19 to Argentina, the lack of tools of local origin that would mitigate the effects of the pandemic from the epidemiological point of view was evidenced. One of these tools for this purpose contemplates the use of quick and efficient diagnostic methods. Among which, the most versatile, from a cost-benefit point of view, are the so-called rapid serological tests. This type of method allows large-scale population studies to be carried out in order to find infected individuals and draw close contact networks, allowing from an epidemiological point of view to carry out mapping and segregation of areas, considering metrics such as incidence of the disease and acquired population immunity. The principle of this type of tool is based on the detection of antibodies in blood using an immunochromatographic principle and visual detection. This system, due to its low complexity and low cost of its components, allows its implementation without the need for a hospital or laboratory infrastructure. To carry out the diagnostic test, a drop of blood from the individual to be tested is required and its application in the device, subsequently by adding a drop of the chromatographic reagent, the appearance of color in one or more two test lines, which will indicate whether or not the person analyzed has antibodies against COVID 19. If the result is positive, indicative of being or has been in contact with the virus. Therefore, this type of test allows healthcare personnel to make immediate decisions about the situation of a positive person or group of people. Fil: Ortiz, Gastón Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina

We developed and validated serologic assays to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in select patient populations in greater New York City area early during the epidemic. We tested “discarded” serum samples from February 24 to March 29 for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer and nucleocapsid protein. Using known durations for antibody development, incubation period, serial interval, and reproductive ratio for this pandemic, we determined that introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into New York likely occurred between January 23 and February 4, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 spread silently for 4–5 weeks before the first community acquired infection was reported. A novel coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China1,2 and devasted Hubei Province in early 2020 before spreading to every province within China and nearly every country in the world3. This pathogen, now termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic, with ~ 10 million cases and over 500,000 deaths reported through June 30, 20203. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States was identified on January 19, 2020 in a man who returned to the State of Washington from Wuhan4. In the ensuing months, the U.S. has become a hotspot of the pandemic, presently accounting for almost one third of the total caseload and over one fourth of the deaths3. The first confirmed case in New York was reported on March 1 in a traveler recently returned from Iran. The first community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed on March 3 in a 50-year-old male who lived in New Rochelle and worked in New York City (https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data-archive.page.) In the ensuing 18 weeks, New York City has suffered a peak daily infection number of ~ 4,500 (Fig. 1a) and a cumulative caseload of ~ 400,000 to date. The time period when SARS-CoV-2 gained entry into this epicenter of the pandemic remains unclear.

Geothermal areas are the niches of a rich microbial diversity that is not only part of the intangible patrimony of a country but also the source of many microbial species with potential biotechnological applications. Particularly, microbial species in geothermal areas in Argentina have been scarcely explored regarding their possible biotechnological uses. The purpose of this work was to explore the proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymatic potential of microorganisms that inhabit in the Domuyo geothermal area in the Neuquén Province. To this end, we did enrichment cultures from two high-temperature natural samples in mineral media only supplemented with whole chicken feathers. After the isolation and the phylogenetic and morphologic characterization of different colonies, we obtained a collection of Bacillus cytotoxicus isolates, a species with no previous report of keratinolytic activity and only reported in rehydrated meals connected with food poisoning outbreaks. Its natural habitat has been unknown up to now. We characterized the proteolytic and keratinolytic capacities of the B. cytotoxicus isolates in different conditions, which proved to be remarkably high compared with those of other similar species. Thus, our work represents the first report of the isolation as well as the keratinolytic capacity characterization of strains of B. cytotixicus obtained from a natural environment., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

Many industries generate a considerable amount of wastewater containing toxic and recalcitrant dyes. The main objective of this research was to examine the biosorption capacity of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Red 141 by the Antarctic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii F39A biomass. Some variables, including pH, dye concentration, amount of adsorbent and contact time, were studied. The equilibrium sorption capacity of the biomass increased with increasing initial dye concentration up to 350mg/l. Experimental isotherms fit the Langmuir model and the maximum uptake capacity (qmax) for the selected dyes was in the range of 0.0676-0.169mmol/g biomass. At an initial dye concentration of 100mg/l, 2g/l biomass loading and 20±1°C, D. hansenii F39A adsorbed around 90% of Reactive Red 141 and 50% of Reactive Blue 19 at pH 6.0. When biomass loading was increased (6g/l), the uptake reached up to 90% for Reactive Blue 19. The dye uptake process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics for each dye system. As seen throughout this research study, D. hansenii has the potential to efficiently and effectively remove dyes in a biosorption process and may be an alternative to other costly materials.

This investigation was aimed at studying reactive orange 16- (RO-16) dye biodegradation by the Antarctic yeast Candida sake 41E. Dye decolorization reached 94.3% (an initial 100 mg.l−1) within 48 h in a stirred-tank bioreactor at a specific decolorization rate of 0.09 mg.RO-16.g−1.h−1. The presence of reactive dye in the medium did not affect yeast growth. A specific growth rate (μ) of 0.09 h−1 and biomass yield (Yx/s) of 0.23 CmolX.CmolS−1 were obtained. Reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance-liquid-chromatography–mass-spectrometry analysis was performed to investigate the by-products generated during the biodegradation. Five yeast-catalyzed reaction products of RO-16 were identified and a biodegradation pathway for this azo dye thus proposed. In addition, the toxicity of the dye and by-products generated was assessed with Lactuca sativa L. seeds, confirming the phytotoxicity of RO-16 and its decrease after 48 h of treatment with C. sake 41E.

BACKGROUND: Soybean hulls result from the processing of the bean for producing oil and protein products. This by-product generated massively in America has virtually no commercial value, so substantial effort is being applied to its exploitation for generating value-added goods. This work evaluates soybean hulls as inducer of the production of pectinolytic enzymes, through optimization studies regarding polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus sojae in submerged cultures. RESULTS: A 2-fold improvement in polygalacturonase yield was found by varying the initial pH of the culture in a very narrow acid pH range (2.40–2.80). The optimized fermentation process was successfully transferred to stirred-tank bioreactors in terms of volumetric productivity, and final polygalacturonase yields were 42 U mL-1 and 1.39 U g-1 soybean hulls, which are among the highest reported with this by-product. Morphological characterization of A. sojae during cultivation showed that the fungus mainly developed in dispersed mycelia at initial pH of 2.40–2.80 while, conversely, fungal pellets predominated in cultures performed at initial pH of 5.40. CONCLUSION: High enzyme titers are possibly connected to the formation of dispersed mycelia, as well as to acid-induced expression of the respective gene/s. It is foreseen that this data will be helpful regarding the production of fungal pectinases or other acid-induced enzymes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. Fil: Fratebianchi de la Parra, Dante. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Acosta, Marina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina

Tomando como referencia los conceptos en los que se basan estas herramientas estratégicas de gestión, a través de las cuales se pretende que las actividades se desarrollen de una manera planificada, sujeta a control, medición y mejora continua, ya que en la actualidad la institución bomberil carece de este tipo de métodos de gestión. Using as a reference the concept son which these strategic management tools are based, through which it is intended that the activities are developed in a planned manner, subject to control, mediation and continuous improvement, since the firefighting institution currently lacks this type of management methods.

La economía colombiana viene creciendo en muchos sectores y uno de los que más se ha reactivado es la construcción, especialmente de edificios y viviendas en las grandes ciudades como Bogotá, Cali, Medellín y Barranquilla. además, las grandes obras de infraestructura vial como carreteras, viaductos, puentes, túneles y obras de geotecnia, vienen utilizando grandes cantidades de materiales de construcción. Se presenta el diseño de una planta de extracción y venta de agregado para construcción ubicada en el corregimiento de Arroyo de Piedra, Atlántico (Colombia), a 60 km de Barranquilla, cuya capacidad de producción total de agregado es de 24.000 metros cúbicos por mes. La planta tiene como objetivo suplir un porcentaje de la demanda de material en el mercado de construcción de Barranquilla y el norte del departamento del Atlántico. Para el diseño de esta planta se tuvieron en cuenta normas y códigos para la extracción y procesamiento de agregados. Se analizaron detenidamente los procesos y subprocesos de la planta para realizar una acertada elección de equipamiento. Y se diseñó detalladamente la banda transportadora principal de la planta bajo los manuales Bridgestone. The Colombian economy has been growing in many sectors and one of the most reactivated is construction, especially of buildings and houses in large cities such as Bogotá, Cali, Medellín and Barranquilla. In addition, large road infrastructure works such as roads, viaducts, bridges, tunnels and geotechnical works have been using large amounts of construction materials. The design of an aggregate extraction and sale plant for construction is presented, located in the corregimiento of Arroyo de Piedra, Atlántico (Colombia), 60 km from Barranquilla, whose total aggregate production capacity is 24,000 cubic meters per month. The plant aims to supply a percentage of the demand for material in the construction market of Barranquilla and the north of the department of Atlántico. For the design of this plant, rules and codes for the extraction and processing of aggregates were taken into account. The processes and subprocesses of the plant were carefully analyzed to make an accurate choice of equipment. And the main conveyor belt of the plant was designed in detail under the Bridgestone manuals.

In this study, we assessed the capacity of Pedobacter sp. 3.14.7 —a novel Antarctic keratinolytic bacterium— of producing a feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) with high antioxidant activity. This strain was able to degrade raw feather into protein hydrolysate under optimal conditions of 30 g l−1 of feather concentration, pH 6.0, and 20 °C. Maximum enzymatic activity was detected after a 192-h cultivation period (125.67 ± 3.06 U ml−1). Quenching of the ABTS radical (2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) by the hydrolysate reached a value of approximately 95%, with a 50% Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of 0.57 ± 0.01 g l−1. An interesting reducing power of the FPH towards Fe+3 was also detected (2.19 Abs700 units in the presence of 2.03 g l−1 protein). The hydrolysate also displayed a moderate nitric oxide-scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 0.53 ± 0.01 g l−1. This FPH's free amino acid content is high (almost 5 g l−1). Results indicate that this hydrolysate may be useful as supplementary protein and antioxidant in animal feed formulations.

An endo-polygalacturonase secreted by Aspergillus sojae was characterized after being purified to homogeneity from submerged cultures with orange peel as the sole carbon source by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. According to SDS-PAGE and analytical isoelectric focusing analyses, the enzyme presents a molecular weight of 47 kDa and pI value of 4.2. This enzyme exhibits considerable stability under highly acidic to neutral conditions (pH 1.5-6.5) and presents a half-life of 2 h at 50°C. Besides its activity towards pectin and polygalacturonic acid, the enzyme displays pectin-releasing activity, acting best in a pH range of 3.3-5.0. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed that tri-galacturonate is the main enzymatic end product of polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis, indicating that it is an endo-polygalacturonase. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with KM and VMAX values of 0.134 mg/mL and 9.6 µmol/mg/min, respectively, and remained stable and active in the presence of SO2, ethanol, and various cations assayed except Hg2+.

BACKGROUND The koji mold Aspergillus sojae, an industrially important microorganism, can produce high levels of pectinases utilizing agro-industrial wastes. This study introduces apricot and peach pomace, two agro-industrial wastes barely considered as raw material for the generation of value-added products, and focuses on its utilization together with orange peel for polygalacturonase production in submerged cultures using A. sojae. RESULTS A Doehlert response surface methodology design conducted in shake flasks and applied individually with these three by-products led to 60–80 U mL−1 polygalacturonase activity. In bioreactor studies performed with a mixture of apricot pomace and orange peel, by fixing stirrer speed to 600 rpm and cascading airflow to the dissolved oxygen tension up to 1.7 vvm, oxygen limitation problems were overcome and polygalacturonase activity values of 380 U mL−1 were achieved. CONCLUSION A simple and efficient strategy to minimize oxygen limitation with the lowest possible shear stress is provided for stirred-tank bioreactors working with highly viscous broths, so as to ultimately enhance microbial enzyme production. The polygalacturonase activity yields obtained in our study are among the highest reported in the literature. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

The present work describes the way in which the Environmental Management System (SGA) was formulated for the Municipality of Yotoco, taking into account the requirements of the Colombian Technical Standard NTC-ISO 14001: 2015. The Mayor's Office provides customer service, community participation, territorial development and public administration. The objetive of the study was to identigy the environmental aspects and impacts associated with the activities, products and services og the Mayor's Office, which were prioritized taking into account their impact on the environment. As a first step in the formulation of the Environmental Management System, it was carried out the Initial Environmental Review (RAI) and the application of checklists and matrix SWOT (weaknesses, opportunities, strengths and threats), which allowed to identify the lack of strategies, plans and compliance with legal requirements at the environmental level. As part of the EMS, the matrix of environmental aspects and impact was carried out to determine which activities specifically generated significant impacts on the environmental and which aspects were most affected. As a result, 4 processes were identified in which different aspects and environmental impacts were generated, in total 37 environmental aspects related to the different activities of the Mayor's Office were identified, of which 16 were significant, so 4 environmental programs were designed (energy, water, solid and hazardous waste and handling of discharges) that can be based on Cleaner Production activities, such as prevention strategies and environmental management. According to the programs, it is expected that the different aspects of the Mayor's Office will be improved, contributing to the environmental performance of the organization and benefiting the people of the sector and the municipality of Yotoco. Having completed this work, the objective set for it has been met, which consists of formulating an environmental management system that complies with the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and that serves as a basis for the implementation process and the future certification. Keywords El presente trabajo describe la forma como se formuló el Sistema de Gestión Ambiental (SGA) para la Alcaldía del municipio de Yotoco, teniendo en cuenta los requisitos de la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC-ISO 14001:2015. La Alcaldía presta servicios de atención al cliente, participación comunitaria, desarrollo territorial y administración pública. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los aspectos e impactos ambientales asociados con las actividades, productos y servicios de la Alcaldía, los cuales se priorizaron teniendo en cuenta su incidencia sobre el medio ambiente. Como primer paso en la formulación del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental, se tuvo la realización de la Revisión Ambiental Inicial (RAI) y la aplicación de listas de chequeo y matriz DOFA (debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas), las cuales permitieron identificar el carecimiento de estrategias, planes y cumplimiento de los requisitos legales a nivel ambiental. Como parte del SGA, se procedió con la realización de la matriz de aspectos e impactos ambientales, para determinar qué actividades específicamente me generaban impactos significativos ocasionados al medio ambiente y que aspectos eran los más afectados. Como resultado se identificaron 4 procesos en los que se generaron diferentes aspectos e impactos ambientales, en total se lograron identificar 37 aspectos ambientales relacionados con las diferentes actividades de la Alcaldía de los cuales 16 fueron significativos, por lo que se diseñaron 4 programas ambientales (energía, agua, residuos sólidos y peligrosos y manejo de vertimientos) que se pueden fundamentar en actividades de Producción Más Limpia, como estrategias de prevención y manejo ambiental. De acuerdo a los programas, se espera que se mejoren los diferentes aspectos en la Alcaldía, contribuyendo con el desempeño ambiental de la organización y beneficiando a las personas del sector y el municipio de Yotoco. Al haber culminado con este trabajo se ha cumplido el objetivo planteado para el mismo, el cual consiste en formular un sistema de gestión ambiental que cumpla con los requisitos de la norma ISO 14001:2015 y que sirva como base para el proceso de implementación y la futura certificación Proyecto de grado (Administrador Ambiental)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2018 Pregrado Administrador(a) Ambiental

Aspergillus niger biomass, an industrial by-product of citric acid fermentation is an emergent source of glycoderivatives with applications in biofuel, cosmetics, feed, energy, food, medicine, and nanotechnology. In this study, the effect of purified neutral protease for deprotenization of fungal biomass studied at various levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 U/100 mg of biomass) and the saccharification of fungal biomass was evaluated with amylolytic enzymes and chitosanases. The efficiency of deproteinization of fungal biomass was based on the enzyme concentration and contact time. Protease at a concentration of 20 U/100 mg of dry biomass and with a contact time of 8 h achieved 30% final deproteinization. No effect on saccharification of A. niger biomass was observed by treatment with purified amylolytic enzymes. Meanwhile, the endo- and exo-chitosanases treatment yielded 54 g of g reducing sugars (equivalent to amino sugars)/ kg of fungal biomass, which can be employed for tailor-made carbohydrate production. Fil: Perez Cruz, Cecilia. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila; México Fil: Cano Gonzalez, Carlos N.. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila; México Fil: Fuentes, Jose. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila; México Fil: Balagurusamy, Nagamani. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Vita, Carolina Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Hours, Roque Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Aguilar, Cristobal N.. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuilla; México Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Contreras Esquivel, Juan C.. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuilla; México

Leaf cutter ants are one of the most important pests to agriculture and forestry in the Neotropics. One environmentally friendly solution to control them is biological control with the use of conidia of some fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana. We tested several isolates of this fungus (obtained from leaf cutter ants) by inoculating ants from seven colonies of Acromyrmex lundii with 5 × 106 conidia ml−1 suspensions. All the isolates proved to be good controllers, but isolate 5 (B5) was found to be the best performing option, because it caused the death of 92.3% of the ants in 4–5 days. Isolate 7 (B7) was the second-best option and used for comparative purposes. Further assays were performed with the isolate B5 to optimise yield production. Three types of rice (brown, parboiled and white rice), soybean hull and yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis leaves) were tested as substrates, and following that, different conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF) were changed so as to select the most productive combination. Among treatments, we selected brown rice as substrate and a temperature of 28°C and 75–85% relative humidity in the SSF chamber because this allowed a production of 6.4 × 108 and 1.2 × 109 conidia of B5 and B7 per gram of final substrate with a 98% and 97.5% of germination, in 10 days, respectively. The differences in yield obtained under the same conditions for both isolates show that yield is isolate-dependent. A description of the customised design of the SSF chamber used is included. Fil: Goffré, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Hormigas; Argentina Fil: Cavallo, Ema Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Hormigas; Argentina Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Folgarait, Patricia Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Hormigas; Argentina

Exoinulinases—enzymes extensively studied in recent decades because of their industrial applications—need to be produced in suitable quantities in order to meet production demands. We describe here the production of an acid-stable recombinant inulinase from Aspergillus kawachii in the Pichia pastoris system and the recombinant enzyme's biochemical characteristics and potential application to industrial processes. After an appropriate cloning strategy, this genetically engineered inulinase was successfully overproduced in fed-batch fermentations, reaching up to 840 U/ml after a 72-h cultivation. The protein, purified to homogeneity by chromatographic techniques, was obtained at a 42% yield. The following biochemical characteristics were determined: the enzyme had an optimal pH of 3, was stable for at least 3 h at 55 °C, and was inhibited in catalytic activity almost completely by Hg+2. The respective Km and Vmax for the recombinant inulinase with inulin as substrate were 1.35 mM and 2673 μmol/min/mg. The recombinant enzyme is an exoinulinase but also possesses synthetic activity (i. e., fructosyl transferase). The high level of production of this recombinant plus its relevant biochemical properties would argue that the process presented here is a possible recourse for industrial applications in carbohydrate processing. Fil: Chesini, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Plaza Cazón, Josefina del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Baruque, Diego Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vita, Carolina Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Ghiringhelli, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina Fil: Rojas, Natalia Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Thermophilic aerobic bacteria were isolated from two geothermal areas in Neuquén province using two different enrichment methods and a total of 30 isolates were obtained. From chicken feather enrichment cultures, strains affiliated to Bacillus cytotoxicus and Bacillus licheniformis were isolated and all of them demonstrated the capability to degrade completely chicken feather. A preliminary research on biotechnological enzymes’ potential demonstrated that all the isolates displayed at least one of the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes tested. Most of the isolates showed protease, inulinase and/or pectinase activities, while cellulase and xylanase activities were less common. In light of these findings, geothermal areas of Argentina may be considered as a potential source of thermophilic bacteria able to produce many industrially relevant enzymes., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

New enzymes isolated from the biodiversity of native wine ecosystems could contribute to increase the varietal character of regional wines. This study reports on the production and characterization of Issatchenkia terricola, beta-glucosidase and its potential to release red-wine aromatic compounds. The enzyme, a monomer of 48 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.5 is tolerant to glucose and ethanol, properties compatible with enological use. Although fed-batch is usually the most suitable system for enzyme production in submerged culture, in this case the yield was practically the same as in batch culture. Enzyme productivity was increased 2-fold in synthetic medium with glucose with respect to the YPG and 3 to 8-fold with respect to other media assayed. After enzymatic treatment, GC-MS analysis of the released aglycones demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of phenols (83%) and norisoprenoids (65%). According to the judges of the sensory panel, the treatment resulted in a wine with dried fruits and raisins notes, as compared to the control, which was found more sweet and fruity. This, together with the lack of activity on anthocyanin glycosides, highlights the potential of this enzyme in enology, since its high selectivity allowed the development of aroma without compromising wine color., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

An endo-polygalacturonase secreted by Aspergillus sojae was characterized after being purified to homogeneity from submerged cultures with orange peel as the sole carbon source by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. According to SDS-PAGE and analytical isoelectric focusing analyses, the enzyme presents a molecular weight of 47 kDa and pI value of 4.2. This enzyme exhibits considerable stability under highly acidic to neutral conditions (pH 1.5-6.5) and presents a half-life of 2 h at 50°C. Besides its activity towards pectin and polygalacturonic acid, the enzyme displays pectin-releasing activity, acting best in a pH range of 3.3-5.0. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed that tri-galacturonate is the main enzymatic end product of polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis, indicating that it is an endo-polygalacturonase. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with KM and VMAX values of 0.134 mg/mL and 9.6 μmol/mg/min, respectively, and remained stable and active in the presence of SO2, ethanol, and various cations assayed except Hg2+. Fil: Fratebianchi de la Parra, Dante. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Cavello, Ivana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina

The glycoprotein (G-protein) of rabies virus is responsible for viral attachment to the host cell surface and induces virus neutralization antibodies. In the present study, the G-protein gene of rabies virus CVS strain was cloned, sequenced and expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a secreted protein, using a simplified DO-stat control feeding strategy. This strategy involves the addition of methanol when the dissolved oxygen (DO) level rises above the setpoint avoiding methanol accumulation and oxygen limitation. The G-protein expression was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, ELISA, and western blot assays. Like native G-protein, the recombinant G-protein was found reactive when it was challenged against specific antibodies. The data indicate that the recombinant G-protein can be easily expressed and isolated, and may be useful as a safe source in the production of diagnostic kits and subunit vaccines to prevent rabies., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales

In the present work, a double emulsion was developed for the encapsulation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein for the future encapsulation of viral proteins. The first emulsion polydispersity index (PDI) was studied with increasing concentrations of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as stabilizer (from 16% w/v to 5% w/v) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the surfactant in the second emulsion at 1.5% w/v. Results suggest that at decreasing concentrations of PCL the PDI of the emulsion also decrease, indicating that viscosity of the emulsion is crucial in the homogeneity of the resultant size distribution of the nanoparticles. When PVA concentration in the second emulsion was increased from 1.5% w/v to 2.5% w/v the PDI also increased. To study the relationship between the structure of the surfactant in the second emulsion and the resultant BSA encapsulation, emulsions were prepared with Pluronic F68 and PVA both at 1.5% w/v and PCL in the first emulsion at 5% w/v. Results indicated that Pluronic F68 was a better stabilizer because at the same experimental conditions encapsulation of BSA was 1.5 higher than PVA. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of BSA in the nanoparticles. SEM and TEM microscopies showed a size distribution of 300 nm–500 nm size of nanoparticles. Circular dichroism studies demonstrated that the secondary structure of the protein was conserved after the encapsulation into the nanoparticles. Fil: Martinez, Nelida Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina Fil: Andrade, Patricia F.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Durán, Nelson. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory; Brasil. NanoBioss; Brasil Fil: Cavalitto, Sebastian Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; Argentina