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Introduction: Lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays the main role in predicting the survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent curative gastrectomy after NAC. NAC can reduce the number of involved lymph nodes. However, it is unknown whether other variables are associated with the survival outcomes for ypN0 GC patients. It is unknown whether lymph node yield (LNY) has prognostic value in ypN0 GC patients treated with NAC plus surgery. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the data of patients treated with NAC plus gastrectomy and identified those with ypN0 disease. The LNY cut-off was calculated using the X-tile program to determine the greatest actuarial survival difference. Patients were categorized into the downstaged N0 (cN+/ypN0) and natural N0 (cN0/ypN0) groups based on nodal status. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors and the association between LNY and prognosis. Results: A total of 211 GC patients with ypN0 status were included. The optimal LNY cut-off was 23. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in overall survival between the natural and downstaged N0 groups, while ypN0 GC patients with an LNY of ≥24 had significantly longer overall survival than those with an LNY of ≤23. Univariate analysis identified that LNY, cT stage, tumor location, ypT stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, tumor size, Mandard tumor regression grade, and extent of gastrectomy were significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that perineural invasion (hazard ratio, 4.246; p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio, 2.694; p = 0.048), and an LNY of ≥24 (hazard ratio, 0.394; p = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Patients with natural and downstaged ypN0 GC had similar overall survival after NAC. LNY was an independent prognostic factor in these patients, and an LNY of ≥24 predicted prolonged overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cu-LDH@X composite materials were synthesized using the in-situ self-sacrificial template method, and the acid-base bifunctional Cs/Cu-LDO@X catalysts were prepared by impregnation-calcination. The as-synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N 2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, HRTEM (EDS), FTIR, XPS, NH 3 -TPD, CO 2 -TPD techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was evaluated in one step by implying a fixed-bed microreactor for the side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene. The reaction mechanisms of the side-chain alkylation on the catalysts surface were deeply investigated. The Cs/Cu-LDO@X catalysts with adjustable acid-base sites and nanolayered structures demonstrated good catalytic performance for the side-chain alkylation of toluene. The Cs/Cu-LDO@X-3 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance with toluene conversion is up to 6.58%, while the selectivity of side-chain alkylated products and styrene is 91.64% and 54.16% respectively. The reaction mechanism investigation indicates that methanol dehydrogenated firstly to form formaldehyde under the action of the base sites on the catalyst surface, later, the adsorbed toluene on the acid sites underwent side-chain alkylation with formaldehyde. High selectivity of produced styrene owing to the synergistic interactions of acid-base sites and layered space-confined effects of the catalytic system. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of Cu-LDH@X composite materials by self-sacrificial template method. • Cs/Cu-LDO@X catalyst prepared by impregnation-calcination for styrene production. • Controllable acid-base properties in the catalysts enhanced catalytic performance. • Layered structure was beneficial to improve styrene selectivity. • Acid-base sites and layers space-confined effects play a synergistic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the exceptional potential to retard the charge recombination, semiconductor-based heterojunctions as photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention. Herein, nickel(II) 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (NiTPP) and ZnIn 2 S 4 (ZIS) floriated microspheres are used to construct a novel inorganic-organic heterojunction (NiTPP/ZIS). Compared with the NiTPP and ZIS, the resultant NiTPP/ZIS exhibits enhanced optical absorption, charge separation and photoelectrochemical behavior. Further investigations demonstrate that a type II heterojunction mechanism proceeds in the NiTPP/ZIS heterojunction to boost the charge separation via the Ni-S highway formed between the NiTPP and ZIS components. No need of additional cocatalyst, the NiTPP/ZIS heterojunction with an optimal mass ratio delivers a superior apparent quantum yield of 64.0% at 400 nm and a remarkable H 2 evolution activity of 2305 μmol h−1 under visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm) irradiation, 10 and 256 times higher than that of the ZIS and NiTPP alone, respectively. This work presents a new concept for constructing inorganic-organic heterojunctions for high-performance artificial photosynthesis systems. [Display omitted] • A novel NiTPP/ZIS inorganic-organic hybrid material is synthesized via reflux method. • Ni-S channel between the NiTPP and ZIS components acts as highway for charge transfer. • A type II heterojunction mechanism is promoted via the Ni-S charge transfer channel. • Efficient charge separation causes superior apparent quantum yield of 64.0% at 400 nm. • Achieved 10 times higher H 2 yield than ZIS irradiated by visible light without cocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major concern after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). We recently designed a new anastomotic method to reduce the rate of pancreatic fistula: polytetrafluoroethylene suture buttress-reinforced pancreaticojejunostomy (PBRP).Methods: An animal model and a computer simulation were used to measure the maximum stress and tensile strength of the pancreas with and without the suture buttresses. Then, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed to compare the outcome of PD between patients who underwent PBRP vs traditional pancreaticojejunostomy (TP).Results: The maximum load in the animal model was significantly higher with the suture buttresses than without (5.47 ± 1.67 N vs 3.72 ± 1.36 N, p < 0.01), and in the computer simulation, the peak stress was lower with the suture buttresses than without (54.86 vs 486.8 MPa). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the overall frequency of POPF, but the rate of clinically relevant POPF was significantly lower in the PBRP group (2.8 vs 22.8%, p = 0.028). The pancreaticojejunostomy time was significantly longer in the PBRP group (19.57 ± 3.31 vs 17.17 ± 4.83 min, p = 0.018), and the PBRP group showed a shorter drainage tube retention duration (10 vs 12 days, p = 0.006) and postoperative hospital stay (13 d vs 15 d, p = 0.031).Conclusions: PBRP is a feasible and reliable procedure for preventing clinically relevant POPF. Additional multi-institution randomized trials should be conducted to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient Co-catalyzed hydro-difluoromethylthiolation/hydro-trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of unactivated alkenes was described. Both reactions were conducted at room temperature and a variety of common functional groups such as halogen, ester, aldehyde, enolizable ketone or ester, nitro or cyano group, sulfonate and carbamate were compatible with the reaction conditions. Radical cyclization and radical inhibitor experiments suggested that the reaction proceeds through a free radical process. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recommend further study to compare the incidence of IH between Roux-en-Y reconstruction and uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after gastrectomy. In this study, Roux-en-Y and uncut Roux-en-Y reconstructions showed a significantly higher incidence of IH than Billroth II reconstruction ( I P i < 0.01 and I P i < 0.01). Compared with Roux-en-Y, the risk of IH with uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction might be lower because of its fewer potential defects. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract The coupling effect between road excitation and an in-wheel switched reluctance motor (SRM) on vehicle ride comfort is numerically analysed. A hybrid control system consisting of fault tolerant H ∞ suspension controller and SRM controller for an in-wheel SRM driven electric vehicle is proposed to improve the vehicle ride comfort and motor operation performance. By conducting numerical simulations based on the developed quarter-car active suspension model and switched reluctance motor model, it is observed that the road roughness is highly coupled with SRM airgap eccentricity and unbalanced residual vertical force. The SRM airgap eccentricity is influenced by the road excitation and becomes time-varying such that a residual unbalanced radial force is induced; which is one of the major causes of SRM vibration. To suppress SRM vibration and to prolong the SRM lifespan, while at the same time improving vehicle ride comfort, a fault tolerant controller based on output feedback H ∞ control method is designed to reduce the sprung mass acceleration. Moreover, an SRM controller is adapted by using the combined Current Chopping Control (CCC) and Pulse Width Modulation control (PWM) to further improve the SRM performance. A comparison of passive suspension and suspensions with hybrid control method on the vehicle and SRM dynamic response under stochastic road excitation and bump road excitation is illustrated. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid control method can effectively reduce the SRM airgap eccentricity, residual unbalanced radial force and achieve better vehicle ride comfort. Highlights • A quarter car model based on switched reluctance motor (SRM) is developed. • Coupling effect between road excitation and SRM on ride comfort is studied. • A hybrid control method is proposed to improve the vehicle and motor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gao, K. and Shao, X., 2018. Adoption research of the m-commerce application based on the perspective of supply chain management in shipping industry. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 839–845. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper built a structural equation model (SEM) of the adoption research of the M-commerce application based on perspective of supply chain. Get sample data through survey, use SEM to validate the fit test and research hypotheses. The results show that: (1) Behavioral intention directly affects the users' behavior, the affect coefficient is 0.516. Cost reduction, Time Saving, Effort Expectancy, Quality Improvement, Partner Trust, Technology Trust, Facilitating Conditions, Intention of the up-down indirectly affects the use behavior through the behavioral intention. (2) In all influence factors of behavioral intention, the cost reduction's effect intensity is maximum which is 0.483, the second is time saving. Time saving has a direct impact on the behavioral intention and the effect coefficient is 0.263, at the meantime, time saving has an indirect impact on the behavioral intention through the cost reduction and the effect coefficient is 0.483*0.321=0.155, so the effect coefficient of the time saving on the behavioral intention is 0.418. The followed are: Technology trust (0.397), quality improvement (0.382), intention of the up-down (0.387), partner trust (0.329), and facilitating condition (0.265). (3) Effort expectancy plays a negative influence on the behavioral intention and the effect coefficient is −0.173 which means that the more expect to effort, the lower the behavioral intention is, thereby reducing the use of M-commerce (Use behavior). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a persistent and widespread toxic organic pollutant in the environment, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has the potential to cause great harm to wildlife. In our study, the effects of PFOS on neurodevelopment gene expression, neurotransmitter content, neuronal morphology, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined, and the potential neurotoxicity mechanisms of PFOS were also investigated in planarians, Dugesia japonica . Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, five neurodevelopmental related genes were measured, among which, DjotxA , DjotxB , DjFoxD , and DjFoxG were found to be down-regulated, while Djnlg was found to be up-regulated, following exposure to PFOS for 10 days compared with control groups. In addition, the neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyricacid as well as the acitivity of AChE were altered by PFOS exposure. Furthermore, PFOS exposure altered brain morphology as well as smaller cephalic ganglia which displayed reduced nerve fiber density decreased brain branches compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that neurotransmission was disturbed after exposure to PFOS and that exposure to this pollutant can cause neurotoxic defects. Results from this study provide valuable information regarding the neuro- and ecological toxicity of PFOS in aquatic animals and aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SOD was loaded into exosomes by extrusion with saponin to obtain SOD@EXO. • SOD@EXO protected the cells from MPP+-induced oxidative damage. • SOD@EXO extended the lifespan and healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans. • SOD@EXO improved the tolerance against heat and oxidative stress of C. elegans. • SOD@EXO regulated the expression of aging-associated genes in C. elegans. Aging is a dynamic and progressive process mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) can effectively scavenge ROS to extend longevity. However, the instability and impermeability of native enzyme limit its in vivo biomedical application. Currently, exosome as protein carriers attracts considerable attention in the disease treatment owing to low immunogenicity and high stability. Herein, SOD was encapsulated into exosomes via mechanical extrusion with saponin permeabilization to obtain SOD-loaded EXO (SOD@EXO). SOD@EXO with a hydrodynamic diameter of 101.7 ± 5.6 nm could scavenge excessive ROS and protect the cells from oxidative damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. Compared with native SOD, SOD@EXO significantly extended the lifespan of N2 wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans under normal conditions. Moreover, SOD@EXO improved the resistance against heat and oxidative stress, leading to notable survival ratio under these hostile conditions. Overall, the exosome-mediated delivery of SOD could reduce ROS level and delay aging in C. elegans model, thereby providing potential strategies to treat ROS-related diseases in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new strategy for synthesis of chiral amines: couplings of α-aminoalkyl nucleophiles generated by enantioselective migratory insertion of 2-azadienes to a Cu-H. In this report, we demonstrate its application in catalytic reductive coupling of 2-azadienes and ketones to furnish 1,2-amino tertiary alcohols with vicinal stereogenic centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fault-tolerant fuzzy H ∞ control design approach for active suspension of in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles in the presence of sprung mass variation, actuator faults and control input constraints is proposed. The controller is designed based on the quarter-car active suspension model with a dynamic-damping-in-wheel-motor-driven-system, in which the suspended motor is operated as a dynamic absorber. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to model this suspension with possible sprung mass variation. The parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) scheme is deployed to derive a fault-tolerant fuzzy controller for the T-S fuzzy suspension model. In order to reduce the motor wear caused by the dynamic force transmitted to the in-wheel motor, the dynamic force is taken as an additional controlled output besides the traditional optimization objectives such as sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and actuator saturation. The H ∞ performance of the proposed controller is derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) comprising three equality constraints which are solved efficiently by means of MATLAB LMI Toolbox. The proposed controller is applied to an electric vehicle suspension and its effectiveness is demonstrated through computer simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new shelf-stable and easily scalable difluoromethylthiolating reagent S-(difluoromethyl) benzenesulfonothioate (PhSO2SCF2H) was developed. PhSO2SCF2H is a powerful reagent for radical difluoromethylthiolation of aryl and alkyl boronic acids, decarboxylative difluoromethylthiolation of aliphatic acids, and a phenylsulfonyl-difluoromethylthio difunctionalization of alkenes under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new shelf-stable and easily scalable difluoromethylthiolating reagent S-(difluoromethyl) benzenesulfonothioate (PhSO2SCF2H) was developed. PhSO2SCF2H is a powerful reagent for radical difluoromethylthiolation of aryl and alkyl boronic acids, decarboxylative difluoromethylthiolation of aliphatic acids, and a phenylsulfonyl-difluoromethylthio difunctionalization of alkenes under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gao, K. and Shao, X., 2019. A comparative study on the construction of transportation and logistics system in central China. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 665–667. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The index system of comparative analysis on the construction of transportation and logistics system in central China constructed in this paper is composed of five indexes, respectively as regional economic development level, logistics system planning, logistics demand scale, logistics supply scale and informatization level, which are endowed with weights through literature review and expert scoring. Then, the index system of logistics system is used to respectively conduct scoring and comparative analysis on each index of six provinces in central China, whose results show that the logistics system of Henan Province has the highest score, ranking first in central China, and its economic development level, logistics system planning, logistics demand scale and informatization level are all higher than the other five provinces. The next is Hunan Province, whose index of logistics supply scale has the highest score in central China. Hubei ranks third, and its logistics system planning is more scientific and reasonable, ranking first side by side with Henan Province. Then Anhui and Shanxi, while the construction of logistics system in Jiangxi is relatively backward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There was significant correlation between B7-H3 and HER2 expression in GC tissues. • High co-expression of B7-H3 and HER2 indicated a poor prognosis of GC patients. • Combination therapy targeting B7-H3 and HER2 was more effective for GC treatment. Gastric cancer (GC) is a digestive system malignancy. Trastuzumab (a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody) is an important targeted drug for GC. However, the drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. B7-H3 was suggested to be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of B7-H3 and HER2 co-expression and the therapeutic value of combination treatment in GC. We examined the expression of B7-H3 and HER2 in 268 GC patients by immunohistochemistry. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between categorical variables. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. All in vitro experiments using HER2-positive GC cells were treated with small interfering RNA targeting B7-H3/HER2 or B7-H3 blocking antibody 3E8/trastuzumab to verify the antitumor efficacy of the combination therapy. GC xenograft mouse models were established to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of combined therapy. There was a significant correlation between B7-H3 and HER2 expression in GC tissues. High co-expression of B7-H3 and HER2 was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.007) and could be an independent risk factor for survival. In addition, knockdown or targeted therapies of B7-H3/HER2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion in vitro. Trastuzumab combined with 3E8 was significantly effective at reducing mice tumor growth than monotherapy. High co-expression of B7-H3 and HER2 indicates a poor prognosis, and combination therapy targeting B7-H3 and HER2 could be an immunotherapeutic strategy for GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gao, K. and Shao, X., 2019. A comparative study on the construction of transportation and logistics system in central China. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 665–667. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The index system of comparative analysis on the construction of transportation and logistics system in central China constructed in this paper is composed of five indexes, respectively as regional economic development level, logistics system planning, logistics demand scale, logistics supply scale and informatization level, which are endowed with weights through literature review and expert scoring. Then, the index system of logistics system is used to respectively conduct scoring and comparative analysis on each index of six provinces in central China, whose results show that the logistics system of Henan Province has the highest score, ranking first in central China, and its economic development level, logistics system planning, logistics demand scale and informatization level are all higher than the other five provinces. The next is Hunan Province, whose index of logistics supply scale has the highest score in central China. Hubei ranks third, and its logistics system planning is more scientific and reasonable, ranking first side by side with Henan Province. Then Anhui and Shanxi, while the construction of logistics system in Jiangxi is relatively backward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficientRh-catalyzed carbenoid addition to trifluoromethylthioetherfor the formation of trifluoromethyl-substituted sulfonium ylide isdescribed. The trifluoromethyl-substituted sulfonium ylide canact as an electrophilic trifluoromethylation reagent, as demonstratedby trifluoromethylation of β-ketoesters and aryl iodides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A BrØsted acid-catalyzed electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of indoles under mild conditions is described. The reaction was insensitive to moisture and oxygen, that should allow for easy handling. In addition, the reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silver-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylthiolation of secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids under mild conditions tolerates a wide range of functional groups. The reaction was dramatically accelerated by its performance in an aqueous emulsion, which was formed by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to water. It was proposed that the radical, which was generated from the silver-catalyzed decarboxylation in the 'oil-in-water' droplets, could easily react with the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent to form the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silver-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylthiolation of secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids under mild conditions tolerates a wide range of functional groups. The reaction was dramatically accelerated by its performance in an aqueous emulsion, which was formed by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to water. It was proposed that the radical, which was generated from the silver-catalyzed decarboxylation in the 'oil-in-water' droplets, could easily react with the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent to form the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Subcellular localization of organelles can achieve accurate drug delivery and maximize drug efficacy. As the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein synthesis, folding, and posttranslational modification; lipid biosynthesis; and calcium homeostasis. Observing the changes in various metal ions, active substances, and the microenvironment in the ER is crucial for diagnosing and treating many diseases, including cancer. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can have a killing effect on malignant cells and can mediate cell apoptosis, proper modulation of ERS can provide new perspectives for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, the ER is used as a new anticancer target in cancer treatment. This review discusses ER-targeting fluorescent probes and ERS-mediated nanoanticancer strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur and friends: A new electrophilic hypervalent iodine reagent 1 has been developed for direct trifluoromethylthiolation. A variety of nucleophiles, including β‐ketoesters, aldehydes, amides, aryl or vinyl boronic acids, and alkynes, reacted with 1 under mild conditions to give the corresponding trifluoromethylthiolated compounds in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tausendsassa: Das elektrophile hypervalente Iodreagens 1 wurde für direkte Trifluormethylthiolierungen entwickelt. β ‐ Ketoester, Aldehyde, Amide, Aryl ‐ oder Vinylboronsäuren und Alkine reagierten als Nukleophile mit 1 unter milden Bedingungen, wobei die Produkte in guten bis hervorragenden Ausbeuten erhalten wurden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healing ligaments have inferior mechanical properties compared to normal ligaments during early healing intervals. The purpose of this study was to investigate if in vivo ligament repair with an interpositional allograft and treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) would improve the mechanical properties of a medial collateral ligament (MCL) healing from a gap injury. Twenty rabbits were assigned equally to either a donor or recipient group. A gap injury of the MCL was created in both hindlimbs of 10 recipient animals. The right hindlimb was treated with allograft plus HA while the left hindlimb was treated with allograft only. Low-load and high-load mechanical properties, including laxity, relaxation and failure, and histology were evaluated after 6 weeks of healing. Mechanical results were compared to previously published normal MCL and MCL gap scar data. MCL allografts had greater initial force during cyclic relaxation testing and maximum force during failure testing than MCL scars, but were weaker than normal MCLs. Failure stress was the only parameter to demonstrate a statistically significant effect of treatment with HA on the allografts. However, the failure stress of the HA-treated MCL allografts was not different than MCL scars and was less than normal MCLs. In conclusion, interpositional allografts could enhance some mechanical properties of ligament healing but HA, in the way we applied it, did not produce an obvious improvement. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:400-407, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-group metal ruthenium (Ru) is considered an ideal substitute for platinum (Pt) in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its excellent electrocatalytic performance and cost that is 20 times lower than Pt. Herein, we prepared Ru-doped WO3 nanosheets array on carbon cloth (CC) using the hydrothermal method, followed by successful high-temperature nitridation to obtain Ru-WN/CC nanoarray electrocatalysts. As prepared Ru-doped WN nanosheets exhibit a highly porous structure, providing abundant active sites for HER. Electrochemical performance tests demonstrate that compared to pristine WN/CC, 7% Ru-WN/CC exhibits a reduced overpotential of 94 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, with a Tafel slope of only 51.4 mV dec-1 and an Rct of 6.08 Ω. Moreover, it maintains high catalytic activity for at least 24 hours under acidic conditions. The superior electrocatalytic activity of Ru-WN/CC is attributed to the significant acceleration of the kinetic rate of WN electrocatalysts by Ru doping, the reduction of electronic transfer resistance in WN, and the enlargement of the electrochemically active surface area of WN. This study provides an important reference for the development of novel low noble metal-doped electrocatalytic materials and has guiding significance for the application of metal nitrides in water splitting for hydrogen production.Graphical Abstract: Platinum-group metal ruthenium (Ru) is considered an ideal substitute for platinum (Pt) in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its excellent electrocatalytic performance and cost that is 20 times lower than Pt. Herein, we prepared Ru-doped WO3 nanosheets array on carbon cloth (CC) using the hydrothermal method, followed by successful high-temperature nitridation to obtain Ru-WN/CC nanoarray electrocatalysts. As prepared Ru-doped WN nanosheets exhibit a highly porous structure, providing abundant active sites for HER. Electrochemical performance tests demonstrate that compared to pristine WN/CC, 7% Ru-WN/CC exhibits a reduced overpotential of 94 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, with a Tafel slope of only 51.4 mV dec-1 and an Rct of 6.08 Ω. Moreover, it maintains high catalytic activity for at least 24 hours under acidic conditions. The superior electrocatalytic activity of Ru-WN/CC is attributed to the significant acceleration of the kinetic rate of WN electrocatalysts by Ru doping, the reduction of electronic transfer resistance in WN, and the enlargement of the electrochemically active surface area of WN. This study provides an important reference for the development of novel low noble metal-doped electrocatalytic materials and has guiding significance for the application of metal nitrides in water splitting for hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of the Si–OH group markedly affects the physical and chemical properties of MQ silicone resin (MQ) and its secondary processing products. However, current methods for the determination of the Si–OH group are still unsatisfactory due to their insensitivity and inaccuracy. Herein, an accurate analytical method has been developed for the determination of the active Si–OH group in MQ based on benzoylation and GPC–UV analysis. The UV-insensitive Si–OH group in MQ was converted to a UV-sensitive benzoyl group by the benzoylation with p -methoxy benzoyl chloride, which greatly improved its detection sensitivity. The interference of water was also excluded by the introduction of GPC separation. The effect of several derivatization parameters was investigated and optimized, and complete benzoylation of the Si–OH group in MQ was achieved under the optimized experimental parameters. Good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.425–42.5 μg/g for the content of the Si–OH group in MQ, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. Reasonable reproducibility was also obtained, with the intraday RSD (N = 3) of 1.78 % and the interday RSD (3 days) of 3.98 %, respectively. This method has been successfully applied for the determination of the active Si–OH group in several commercial MQs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a common environmental contaminant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) can be detected in environmental media, plants, animal organs, and humans. PFOS has multiple toxic effects on neural regeneration and development in planarians, zebrafish, and other animals, but the toxic effects exerted on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the expression of neuron-related genes during planarian regeneration remain unclear. In this study, planarians were cut at the post-auricle level and then exposed to PFOS for different lengths of time. It was found that PFOS exposure promoted the expression of DjpiwiA, a specific marker gene of neoblasts, which was related to regeneration and the maintenance of homeostasis in planarians. High PFOS exposure inhibited the proliferation of regenerating planarian neoblasts, and there was also an effect on apoptosis in regenerating planarians after PFOS exposure. The results suggested that PFOS exposure in regenerating planarians resulted in a reduction in the density of brain ganglia and inconspicuous brain branching and altered neuronal gene expression in the nervous system. The findings of this study suggest that PFOS has multiple toxic effects on the planarian regeneration and provide a basis for uncovering the toxic effects of PFOS on stem cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the CNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermophilic lipase was immobilized in inorganic nanoflower via biomimetic mineralization. • The immobilized enzyme showed favorable catalytic activity and stability. • The immobilized enzyme possessed excellent reusability and long-term storage stability. Thermophilic lipase QLM from Alcaligenes sp. was successfully immobilized in Cu 3 (PO 4) 2 -based inorganic hybrid nanoflower through biomimetic mineralization. The morphology, structure and element composition of immobilized enzyme were systemically characterized to elucidate the successful loading of enzyme molecules. The optimal temperature (65 °C) and pH (8.0) of immobilized enzyme were then determined by monitoring the hydrolysis of p -nitrophenyl caprylate. Moreover, compared with free enzyme, immobilized enzyme in inorganic hybrid nanoflower exhibited enhanced stability against thermal, pH and metal ions, attributing to the protective effect of nanoflower shell. Additionally, the immobilized enzyme possessed excellent reusability and long-term storage stability, with slightly decreased activity after being repeatedly used for 8 cycles or stored in water at room temperature for 4 weeks. Overall, the immobilization in inorganic hybrid nanoflower provided a facile and effective approach for the preparation of immobilized enzymes with favorable activity, stability and reusability, and thus the strategy showed great potential in developing ideal catalysts for future biocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), belinostat, has had limited therapeutic impact in solid tumors, such as colon cancer, due to its poor metabolic stability. Here we evaluated a novel belinostat prodrug, copper-bis-belinostat (Cubisbel), in vitro and ex vivo, designed to overcome the pharmacokinetic challenges of belinostat. Methods: The in vitro metabolism of each HDACi was evaluated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using mass spectrometry. Next, the effect of belinostat and Cubisbel on cell growth, HDAC activity, apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed in three colon cancer cell lines. Gene expression alterations induced by both HDACis were determined using RNA-Seq, followed by in silico analysis to identify master regulators (MRs) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The effect of both HDACis on the viability of colon cancer patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) was also examined. Results: Belinostat and Cubisbel significantly reduced colon cancer cell growth mediated through HDAC inhibition and apoptosis induction. Interestingly, the in vitro half-life of Cubisbel was significantly longer than belinostat. Belinostat and its Cu derivative commonly dysregulated numerous signalling and metabolic pathways while genes downregulated by Cubisbel were potentially controlled by VEGFA, ERBB2 and DUSP2 MRs. Treatment of colon cancer PDTOs with the HDACis resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability and downregulation of stem cell and proliferation markers. Conclusions: Complexation of belinostat to Cu(II) does not alter the HDAC activity of belinostat, but instead significantly enhances its metabolic stability in vitro and targets anti-cancer pathways by perturbing key MRs in colon cancer. Complexation of HDACis to a metal ion might improve the efficacy of clinically used HDACis in patients with colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new strategies for the preparation of chiral amines is an important objective in organic synthesis. In this Synpacts , we summarize our approach for catalytically accessing nucleophilic aminoalkyl metal species from 2-azadienes, and its application in generating a number of important but elusive chiral amine scaffolds. Reductive couplings with ketones and imines afford 1,2-amino tertiary alcohols and 1,2-diamines, respectively, whereas fluoroarylations of gem -difluoro-2-azadienes deliver α-trifluoromethylated benzylic amines. 1 Introduction 2 Background: Umpolung Strategies for Preparing Chiral Amines 3 Background: 2-Azadienes 4 Reductive Couplings of 2-Azadienes 5 Fluoroarylations of gem -Difluoro-2-azadienes 6 Summary and Outlook [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title ylides are found to be useful reagents for the trifluoromethylation of various β-ketoesters and aryl iodides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 71 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of eight trifluoromethanesulfenates is prepared as trifluoromethylthiolating agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Primary and Secondary Alkylboronic Acids" by X. Saho and others, published in the periodical "Journal of Organic Chemistry" in 2014.

The decarboxylative trifluoromethylthiolation of secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is accelerated by performance in an aqueous emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air- and moisture-stable reagent (I) allows the direct transfer of the -S-CF3 group to different classes of substrates such as β-ketoesters, boronic acids, alkynes, and aldehydes under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A powerful and valuable reagent for direct trifluoromethylthiolation is reported by L. Lu, Q. Shen, and co‐workers in their Communication on page 3457 ff. This new electrophilic hypervalent iodine reagent reacts with a wide range of substrates under mild conditions. The image shows the reagent and its products within the context of the ancient Chinese symbolism of the round sky and square earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ein leistungsfähiges Reagens für die direkte Trifluormethylthiolierung stellen L. Lu, Q. Shen und Mitarbeiter in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3541 ff. vor. Die neue elektrophile hypervalente Iodverbindung reagiert mit einem großen Substratspektrum unter milden Bedingungen. Das Bild zeigt das Reagens und seine Produkte im Kontext des Altchinesischen Symbolismus mit kreisförmigem Himmel und quadratischer Erde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIL-101(Cr)@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 magnetic catalytic supports were synthesized by the in-situ growth method, where a MIL-101(Cr) shell was deposited on the surface of the SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 core. A series of Au/MIL-101(Cr)@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 magnetic core-shell catalysts with different Au contents were prepared and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) were decorated on the magnetic supports by the impregnation-reduction method. The structure of the as-synthesized catalysts was characterized by XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, XPS, N 2 adsorption-desorption, NH 3 -TPD, CO 2 -TPD, and VSM, etc. The N-methylation reaction performance and recyclability performance of the catalysts were evaluated in a high-pressure microreactor. The mechanism of the N-methylation reaction had been deeply studied. The results indicated that the thickness of the MIL-101(Cr) shell was about 120 nm, and the Au NPs (~3 nm) were dispersed on the surface and/or in the pores of MIL-101(Cr). The catalytic performance for N-methylation of CO 2 and aniline/H 2 to N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline was satisfactory. Moreover, the incredible recyclability performance (external magnet) and applicability of different amine substrates were achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the 2%Au/MIL-101(Cr)@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 catalyst demonstrated the best performance, the aniline conversion nearly 44.0%, the selectivity of N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline were 71.8% and 27.6%, respectively. The reaction mechanism investigation indicated that, firstly, H 2 was adsorbed and activated on the Au NPs, and CO 2 was adsorbed and activated on the O2- Lewis base sites of MIL-101(Cr) cages. Later, the activated H-atoms reacted with the activated CO 2 to generate the formic acid as an intermediate product. Finally, the formic acid reacted with the adsorbed aniline and activated on the Cr3+ Lewis acid sites to produce N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline. The enhanced selectivity of the reaction might be attributed to the core-shell architecture, high surface area, plentiful active sites, and synergistic interactions between Au NPs and acid-base sites of the MIL-101(Cr) catalyst. [Display omitted] • The magnetic Au/MIL-101(Cr)@SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 core-shell catalysts were prepared. • There were adjustable acid-base sites in the MIL-101(Cr) shell. • The catalysts had satisfactory performance for N-methylation of CO 2 and aniline/H 2. • H 2 was adsorbed and activated on the Au NPs sites. • CO 2 was adsorbed and activated on the O2- Lewis base sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient heterojunction photodetector, especially ternary heterojunctions of vertical structure, is a promising strategy to enhance the migration of photo-generated electron for exploit potentialities of optoelectronic devices. In this study, we successfully deposited two-dimensional layered SnSe 2 NSs and SnS 2 NSs vertically on TiO 2 NTs arrays using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), constructing a novel ternary SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 heterojunction. The morphology, structure, and composition of the samples were analyzed, and highly sensitive ultraviolet/visible light photodetectors were fabricated. Photocurrent measurements demonstrated that the prepared SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 ternary heterojunction exhibited superior light detection capability at different wavelengths (370 nm, 450 nm, 520 nm) compared to the pristine H–TiO 2 and its binary heterojunctions (SnS 2 /H–TiO 2 , SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2). Under a bias voltage of 1 V and 370 nm illumination, it achieved a high photocurrent of 7.45 mA cm−2, a switch ratio of 7.924, as well as high responsivity (9.39 A/W), high EQE (3.15 × 103 %), and large detectivity (9.53 × 1010 Jones). The excellent performance of the SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 ternary heterojunction reveals its enormous potential in the development of wide-band, high-performance photodetectors. [Display omitted] • A ternary SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 heterojunction with vertical structure was prepared by in-situ growth of high-quality SnSe 2 and SnS 2 nanosheet arrays on the surface of TiO 2 nanotubes using a two-step CVD method. • The SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 heterostructure is directly fabricated into a photodetector. • The photodetector presents outstanding photoresponse activity at different wavelengths with a high photocurrent of 7.45 mA cm−2, high responsivity (9.39 A/W), high EQE (3.15 × 103 %), and a large detectivity (9.53 × 1010 Jones) under 370 nm illumination. • Compared to binary heterostructures (SnS 2 /H–TiO 2 , SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2), the ternary SnS 2 /SnSe 2 /H–TiO 2 detector exhibits a wider photoresponse range, higher optoelectronic performance, and better stability, demonstrating outstanding overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride is an essential trace element in the human body and plays an essential role in various physiological processes. However, fluoride ion detection in vivo remains challenging due to the lack of probes that can enter the organism and emit at the near infrared region (NIR). Herein, we developed a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based NIR probe that takes advantage of the high resolution and deep penetration of photoacoustic imaging, which can produce high NIR absorption at 803 nm in the presence of fluoride ions, resulting in a strong photoacoustic signal in the NIR region. In addition, the probe exhibits high selectivity for fluoride ions. In view of these outstanding features, the probe was then successfully applied to fluoride ion imaging in living mice, proving that a probe is a promising tool for fluoride ion detection in vitro and in vivo. [Display omitted] • A boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based NIR photoacoustic probe for fluoride ions was developed. • The F− induced cleavage of Si–O bond results in a significant redshift to 803 nm. • Imaging fluoride ions in living mice was successfully applied. • This is the first photoacoustic probe of fluoride ions in the NIR region (700–900 nm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fluoroalkylthiol substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (DHB) was prepared in high to excellent yield under the irradiation of visible light. Various functional groups were tolerated. Fluorescence quenching experiment indicated that both oxidative and reductive quenching cycles occurred. And the reductive quenching was dominant. Difunctionalization of alkenes represent a convenient way to complex molecular structure. Herein, visible light-induced intramolecular carbodi(tri)fluoromethylthiolation of alkenes was reported. C C and C-S were formed in the procedure. Various fluoroalkylthiol substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (DHB) was prepared. Aryldiazonium salts derived from o-allyloxy anilines were used as precursors of aryl radicals. The following cyclization occurred, and the resulting alkyl radicals were trapped by shelf-stable reagent PhSO 2 SR f (R f = SCF 2 H, SCF 3). The direct difluoromethylthiolation on arenes was not observed. A variety of atoms and functional groups were tolerated. [Display omitted] A visible light-induced intramolecular carbodi(tri)fluoromethylthiolation of alkenes was reported, through which C C and C-S were formed with good functional group tolerance and yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing biomaterials to mimic and function within the complex mechanobiological conditions of connective tissues requires a detailed understanding of the micromechanical environment of the cell. The objective of our study was to measure thein situcell–matrix strains from applied tension in both tendon fascicles and cell-seeded type I collagen scaffolds using laser scanning confocal microscopy techniques. Tendon fascicles and collagen gels were fluorescently labelled to simultaneously visualise the extracellular matrix and cell nuclei under applied tensile strains of 5%. There were significant differences observed in the micromechanics at the cell–matrix scale suggesting that the type I collagen scaffold did not replicate the pattern of native tendon strains. In particular, although the overallin situtensile strains in the matrix were quite similar (∼2.5%) between the tendon fascicles and the collagen scaffolds, there were significant differences at the cell–matrix boundary with visible shear across cell nuclei of >1 μm measured in native tendon which was not observed at all in the collagen scaffolds. Similarly, there was significant non-uniformity of intercellular strains with relative sliding observed between cell rows in tendon which again was not observed in the collagen scaffolds where the strain environment was much more uniform. If the native micromechanical environment is not replicated in biomaterial scaffolds, then the cells may receive incorrect or mixed mechanical signals which could affect their biosynthetic response to mechanical load in tissue engineering applications. This study highlights the importance of considering the microscale mechanics in the design of biomaterial scaffolds and the need to incorporate such features in computational models of connective tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermophilic lipase was immobilized in bio-based metal-organic frameworks. • The immobilized enzyme exhibited favorable catalytic activity and stability. • The immobilized enzyme could efficiently catalyze the biodiesel synthesis. Herein, thermophilic lipase QLM from Alcaligenes sp. has been successfully immobilized in bio-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through biomimetic mineralization, using zinc acetate and adenine as metal ion and organic ligand, respectively. The morphology and structure of lipase@Bio-MOF was systematically characterized by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), transmission electron microcopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). The enzyme loading in immobilized enzyme was measured to be 15.9 % by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, it was demonstrated to possess favorable catalytic activity and stability under high temperature and alkaline conditions and in the presence of metal ions, using the hydrolysis of p -nitrophenyl caprylate as a model. Finally, the immobilized enzyme was successfully applied in the preparation of biodiesel through the trans-esterification of sunflower oil with methanol, obtaining a conversion of >60 % at a high oil/methanol ratio of 8:1. Meanwhile, it showed excellent recyclability during the biodiesel production, and no changes of morphology and crystal structure were observed after being used for 3 cycles. Overall, the immobilized lipase in bio-based MOFs provided an economically and environmentally viable biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]