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Background: As operative techniques and the quality of implants are improving, surgical management of diaphyseal fractures of forearm bones in elderly patients is gaining widespread acceptance. Titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) provides flexural, axial, translational, and adequate rotational stability. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of the treatment of diaphyseal forearm bone fracture with TENS nail. Methods: Elderly patients with both-bone forearm (BBFA) fractures in diaphysis were evaluated clinically and radiologically and followed for an average of six months. The outcome was assessed using the Grace-Eversmann scoring system. We followed up with all 25 patients and evaluated them every two weeks until the fracture united. Results: After approval of the ethics committee, twenty-five elderly patients with AO type 22A3 and 22B3 fractures of the forearm bone who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study. The mean age of the participants was 65 years. The average time to bone union was 12 weeks, and the average surgery time was 35 minutes. There was a superficial infection in one case. Most patients had a full range of elbow and wrist movements after the union. Conclusion: The TENS is an acceptable and good tachnique for displaced BBFA diaphyseal fractures in elderly patients. It is easy, cheap, and convenient and gives elastic mobility, promoting a rapid union of fractures and stability, which is ideal for early mobilization. It provides a lower complication rate, shorter surgery time, good cosmetic outcome, and easy implant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Quad's role as a stabilizing force in the Indo-Pacific amid China's increasing assertiveness, emphasizing its efforts to address common security challenges and strengthen defense partnerships among its member nations. It also discusses the Quad's expanded focus on issues such as cyber security, terrorism, pandemic recovery, and clean energy supply chains, showcasing its commitment to promoting regional security.

We describe customized therapeutic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for treating a perforated Mooren's ulcer. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed corneal perforation (3.5 mm × 3.0 mm) with iris prolapse. The corneal melt extended from 9.0 o'clock to 4.0 o'clock. The peripheral edge of the ulcer was sloping, whereas the medial edge showed undermining. Immunological tests did not reveal any evidence of systemic autoimmune disease. In view of extensive peripheral corneal melt with large corneal perforation, the patient needed tectonic keratoplasty. The penetrating graft is not only technically demanding but also results in a poor visual outcome. We advised customized tectonic DALK. We used two different-sized trephines to obtain appropriate-sized donor tissue and avoided manual dissection. The post-surgery period was uneventful. He was prescribed topical steroids and oral methotrexate. He achieved 6/9 aided visual acuity at 4 months and maintained it until the last follow-up at 36 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among the affected ones, approximately 50% are not aware of it, because of its asymptomatic nature, especially in the early stages. Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate is a novel drug, being the Rho-associated coiled-coil- containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drop that increases conventional aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal and thus lowers the intraocular pressure. Material and Methods: This prospective study included the first 150 consecutive eyes in patients of uncontrolled glaucoma with IOP > 21 mmHg despite maximal topical anti-glaucoma medications in at least one eye and aged eighteen or above. The patients with neovascular glaucoma, closed or barely open anterior chamber angle or with history of ocular surgery including refractive surgery were excluded. The purpose and nature of the study were explained in detail, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results: This study included 115 patients with 150 affected eyes. The mean age of patients in this series was 43.6 years with a range of 24-73 years. Right eye was affected in 47, left in 33 patients and the remaining 35 patients had bilateral involvement. The mean pachymetry was 521.13 μm in right eye and 523.53 μm in left eye and the mean cup disc ratio was 0.8 and 0.7 in right and left eye respectively. The mean baseline intraocular pressure in our series was 18.60 mmHg +- 7.60 mmHg. The mean IOP at six month follow up visit (final follow-up) was 11.83mmHg +- 4.45, which was statistically significant. The mean reductions in IOP at one month was 12.64mmHg, at 3 months follow up 12.07mmHg. Conclusion: The results of our study implies that ripasudil is a favourable anti glaucoma drug that can lower intraocular pressure. The additive pressure lowering effects of ripasudil in addition to existing maximal therapy can be because of different mechanism of action, it can delay or evade surgery in glaucoma. Transient conjunctival hyperaemia, not necessitating discontinuation was the most common complication in this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower back pain is a common cause of disability that affects mobility and quality of life (QOL) in both adult and elderly patients. Initial management of lower back pain includes anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, physiotherapy, and epidural steroid infiltration. Despite multiple attempts of conservative management, if a patient develops refractory radicular pain with or without neurologic deficit and claudication, surgery is indicated. The two main approaches to surgical intervention include decompression (laminectomy only) and decompression with fusion [transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)]. Methods: The study was done between May 2019 and November 2022. In this randomized study, we compared the clinical outcome of TLIF and laminectomy for single-level lumbar canal stenosis with grade 1 and 2 spondylolisthesis. Forty patients with single-level lumbar canal stenosis with grade 1 and 2 spondylolisthesis were randomly divided into two equal groups. Patients in both groups were followed up for 2 years. Results: In this study, we also noted estimated amount of blood loss, procedure time, time taken for ambulation, length of hospitalization, and demography. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores improved significantly postoperatively. The modified MacNab criteria suggest the outcomes rated as excellent/good rate of 90% in TLIF and 85% in laminectomy. Conclusion: We evaluated that TLIF procedures were associated with slightly more significant improvement in clinical outcomes in all of the scoring systems that were applied; TLIF provides early ambulation but a higher cost of treatment and longer hospital stay compared to laminectomy. Laminectomy procedures are associated with lesser economic burden, hospital stay, and blood loss, as well as shorter surgical duration compared to TLIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Zinc is an essential mineral supplemented to human and pig diets as inorganic (inorganic salts) or organic (bound to an organic compound) sources. Some studies reported that pigs fed diets with organic zinc sources respond better to stress conditions than those fed diets with inorganic sources. In this study, we identified genes in the small intestine that may explain those differences. We fed finisher pigs with diets containing organic or inorganic zinc sources for 32 days and conducted gene expression analysis of intestinal ileum samples. The organic Zn source induced lesser level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 18 (IL18), but greater Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene expression than inorganic Zn, suggesting that an organic Zn source may improve the condition and immune response of animals under stress by modulating gene expression in the intestine. We also explored if intestinal epithelial cells, which are in direct contact with diet components, are the main cells showing these changes. We exposed intestinal organoids or epithelial "mini-guts" to zinc sources in vitro. Organoids showed changes related to Zn supplementations but did not reproduce the changes of immune-related genes observed in the animal samples, indicating cells other than epithelial are affected by Zn sources. Animals receiving Zinc (Zn) dietary supplementation with organic sources respond better to stress than inorganic Zn sources supplementation. The study aimed to identify the effect of different Zn sources on intestinal epithelial gene expression. In total, 45 pigs (9 per treatment) (77.5 ± 2.5 kg weight) were fed for 32 days, a corn-soybean meal diet without supplemented Zn (ZnR) or supplemented with 50 and 100 ppm of inorganic ZnCl2 (Zn50 and Zn100), and amino acid-bound organic Zn sources (LQ50 and LQ100). Gene expression changes form RNA-seq in ileum tissues of ZnR revealed changes associated with Zn insufficiency. Comparing organic with inorganic Zn sources by one-way ANOVA, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 18 (IL18) was downregulated (p = 0.03) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) upregulated (p = 0.02). To determine the role of epithelial cells in response to dietary Zn, swine intestinal organoids (enteroids) were exposed to Zn restriction, ZnCl2 or LQ-Zn. In enteroids, ZIP4 expression decreased with added Zn compared with Zn-restriction (p = 0.006) but Zn sources did not affect (p > 0.05) IL18 or TLR2 expression. These results suggest that organic Zn may stimulate TLR2 signaling possibly affecting immune response, while decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine IL18 expression in non-epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 55-year-old woman presented with a stromal wooden foreign body (FB) in the left cornea. The deep corneal stroma wooden FB was removed using vitreoretinal FB forceps as a scoop. In this innovative technique, a 26-gauge needle was used to open the track of the wooden FB. The FB was trapped in the concavity of one limb of the vitreoretinal FB forceps. The vitreoretinal forceps were gradually withdrawn and the FB was removed. The patient was treated with gatifloxacin and voriconazole six times, and atropine 1% three times daily. The patient did not develop infiltrate or hypopyon in 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, gatifloxacin and voriconazole were reduced to four times a day; and atropine to two times a day. After 6 weeks topical medication was stopped. The patient achieved a best-corrected visual acuity (OS) of 6/9 at 8 weeks and maintained it through 7 months of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the strengthening ties between Australia and India, focusing on their commitment to a stable and secure Indo-Pacific region. Topics include their strategic partnership; economic cooperation and defense ties; and participation in the Quad security dialogue to counter China's influence in the region.

In this study, acrylic-epoxy-based nanocomposite coatings loaded with different concentrations (0.5–3 wt.%) of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were successfully prepared via the solution intercalation approach. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the inclusion of GO nanoparticles into the polymer matrix increased the thermal stability of the coatings. The degree of transparency evaluated by the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy showed that the lowest loading rate of GO (0.5 wt.%) had completely blocked the incoming irradiation, thus resulting in zero percent transmittance. Furthermore, the water contact angle (WCA) measurements revealed that the incorporation of GO nanoparticles and PDMS into the polymer matrix had remarkably enhanced the surface hydrophobicity, exhibiting the highest WCA of 87.55º. In addition, the cross-hatch test (CHT) showed that all the hybrid coatings exhibited excellent surface adhesion behaviour, receiving 4B and 5B ratings respectively. Moreover, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs confirmed that the presence of the functional groups on the GO surface facilitated the chemical functionalization process, which led to excellent dispersibility. The GO composition up to 2 wt.% showed excellent dispersion and uniform distribution of the GO nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. Therefore, the unique features of graphene and its derivatives have emerged as a new class of nanofillers/inhibitors for corrosion protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, researchers have devoted consistent efforts to producing excellent coating properties since coating plays an essential role in enhancing electrochemical performance and surface quality. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles in varying concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% were added into the acrylic-epoxy polymeric matrix with 90:10 wt.% (90A:10E) ratio incorporated with 1 wt.% graphene, to fabricate graphene/ TiO 2 -based nanocomposite coating systems. Furthermore, the properties of the graphene/ TiO 2 composites were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurements, and cross-hatch test (CHT), respectively. Moreover, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted to investigate the dispersibility and anticorrosion mechanism of the coatings. The EIS was observed by determining the breakpoint frequencies over a period of 90 days. The results revealed that the TiO 2 nanoparticles were successfully decorated on the graphene surface by chemical bonds, which resulted in the graphene/ TiO 2 nanocomposite coatings exhibiting better dispersibility within the polymeric matrix. The WCA of the graphene/ TiO 2 coating increased along with the ratio of TiO 2 to graphene, achieving the highest CA of 120.85° for 3 wt.% of TiO2. Excellent dispersion and uniform distribution of the TiO 2 nanoparticles within the polymer matrix were shown up to 2 wt.% of TiO2 inclusion. Among the coating systems, throughout the immersion time, the graphene/ TiO 2 (1:1) coating system exhibited the best dispersibility and high impedance modulus values ( Z 0.01   Hz ), exceeding 10 10 Ω   cm 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the past few decades, candidemia has escalated to worrisome levels, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates. The rise in anti-fungal drug resistance demands prompt diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine the speciation and susceptibility pattern of Candida species recovered from special care new-born units and identify risk factors for developing candidemia in neonates. Method: A total of 580 blood samples from clinically suspected septicemic neonates were collected and subjected to culture. Cultures positive for yeasts were sub-cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Identification of a suspected purified colony of Candida was confirmed to the species level by both conventional and automated techniques matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anti-fungal susceptibility of isolates was performed by an automated method (VITEK 2 system) using VITEK 2 cards. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with candidemia. Result: A total of 56 (9.66%) isolates of Candida species were recovered from 580 blood cultures. Non-albicans Candida species predominated with 82.14% of cases, whereas 17.86% of cases were caused by Candida albicans. Candida tropicalis (46.42%) was the most common isolate recovered, followed by Candida albicans (17.8%). Risk factor analyses identified a very low birth weight [odds ratio (OR) =4.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) =2.03-8.08] and prolonged antibiotic therapy (OR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.7-8.7) among others as significant predictors of candidemia. All the Candida isolates showed 100% sensitivity to voriconazole and micafungin, whereas the overall sensitivities for fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, and flucytosine were 85.71%, 96.43%, 96.43%, and 91.07%, respectively. Conclusion: Candidemia is a life-threatening condition in neonates. Identification of Candida species and routine anti-fungal susceptibility is a must to select a suitable and effective anti-fungal therapy to revoke emerging resistance to anti-fungals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the corneal changes after phacoemulsification on corneal topography. Material and Methods: The present hospital-based prospective, longitudinal, interventional study conducted on 90 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification in the Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology Government Medical College, Jammu from 1st November 2020 to 31st October 2021. Results: In this study the mean K1 value pre operatively was 42.30 ± 1.36D and at 3 months was 42.22 ± 1.32D. The mean K2 value pre operatively was 42.98 ± 1.38D and at 3 months was 42.73 ± 1.31D. The mean astigmatism pre operatively was 0.68 ± 0.45D and at 3 months was 0.45 ± 0.29D Conclusion: It concludes that the average astigmatism decreased gradually with increasing postoperative period and was statistically significant at 3 months with p<0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies, but its clinical diagnosis is still a big challenge for surgeons to decrease the negative appendectomy rate. Aim: To validate and compare alvarado, Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and adult appendicitis scoring system in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, from December 2020 to May 2022 on 100 patients who were clinically suspected of acute appendicitis. All three scores {AIR, Adult Appendicitis Score (AAS), Alvarado} were calculated. Diagnostic tests were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV). DeLong test were used to compare the area under the curve of three scores with each other for predicting acute appendicitis and the final result was compared with the histopathological report. The data was presented as numbersvand percentage and the p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 30.28±10.9 years. It was found that the AIR score had more sensitivity (92.55%), followed by the AAS (84.04%) score and Alvarado (60.64%) score for diagnosing acute appendicitis but the specificity of the Alvarado score was highest (100%), followed by AAS (83.33%) and AIR (66.67%) score. AIR score had more NPV (36.40%) as compared to AAS (25%) and Alvarado score (14%). The diagnostic accuracy of AIR (91%) was higher than AAS and Alvarado's score 84% and 63%, respectively. Conclusion: Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and AAS can be used over Alvarado score for better diagnosis of acute appendicitis in emergency patients and to reduce the rate of negative appendectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) introduced in India has significantly transformed the landscape of corporate insolvency resolution. Since its inception in 2016, the IBC has been instrumental in addressing the longstanding issues of non-performing assets (NPAs) and delayed resolution processes. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India has proven to be a game-changer in addressing the challenges associated with corporate Insolvency. Its time-bound approach, specialized tribunals, and creditor-centric framework have contributed to a more efficient and transparent resolution process. While challenges persist, the IBC's positive impact on the Indian economy is undeniable, making it a crucial component of the country's financial reform landscape. This paper delves deep into the efficacy and resonance of law within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV (n  = 23) and those who do not (n  = 24). We utilised microbial DNA amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS2) and untargeted metabolomics (LC–MS) to analyse stool samples. Study participants also provided three consecutive days of dietary data. Results show minor effects on microbiome composition; with the enrichment of a few microorganisms potentially associated with vegetable ferments, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (P  < 0.05), in LFV consumers. However, LFV consumption had greater effects on the faecal metabolome, with higher abundances of butyrate, acetate, and valerate (P  < 0.05) and significantly greater metabolome diversity (P  < 0.001). Overall, the observations of minor changes in the faecal microbiome and greater effects on the faecal metabolome from LFV consumption warrant further investigations on the health significance of LFV as regular components of the daily diet in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corneal perforations are ophthalmological emergencies which can have serious and detrimental consequences, if not managed timely and appropriately. These are a significant cause of ocular morbidity and can result in decreased vision, blindness, and even loss of the eye. Corneal perforations can be managed using a range of treatment approaches, including temporary solutions such as the application of corneal glue and bandage contact lens, as well as definitive treatment such as corneal transplantation. Tissue glues/adhesives were developed as substitutes for sutures in ophthalmic surgery. Unlike sutures, these glues are associated with shorter overall surgical times and reduced inflammation, thus improving postoperative comfort without compromising wound strength. The available tissue adhesives can be broadly classified into two types: synthetic (eg, cyanoacrylate derivatives) and biological (eg, fibrin glue). Cyanoacrylate glue is chiefly used as a corneal patch to manage acute corneal perforations and improve visual outcomes. Fibrin glue can be used instead of cyanoacrylate glue in many conditions with the benefits of reduced conjunctival and corneal inflammation and reaction. Apart from this, each type of adhesive is distinct in terms of its benefits as well as limitations and is accordingly used for different indications. The present review focuses on the two main types of tissue adhesives, their applications in the management of corneal perforations, the associated complications, safety and efficacy data related to their use available in the literature and the need for newer adhesives in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The etiology of dental caries remains poorly understood. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, a number of studies have focused on the microbial ecology of the disease. However, taxonomic associations with caries have not been consistent. Researchers have also pursued function-centric studies of the caries microbial communities aiming to identify consistently conserved functional pathways. A major question is whether changes in microbiome are a cause or a consequence of the disease. Thus, there is a critical need to define conserved functional signatures at the onset of dental caries. Since it is unethical to induce carious lesions clinically, we developed an innovative longitudinal ex-vivo model integrated with the advanced non-invasive multiphoton second harmonic generation bioimaging to spot the very early signs of dental caries, combined with 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics. For the first time, we induced longitudinally monitored caries lesions validated with the scanning electron microscope. Consequently, we spotted the caries onset and, associated with it, distinguished five differentiating metabolites – Lactate, Pyruvate, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (upregulated) and Fumarate (downregulated). Those metabolites co-occurred with certain bacterial taxa; Streptococcus, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Granulicatella, regardless of the abundance of other taxa. These findings are crucial for understanding the etiology and dynamics of dental caries, and devising targeted interventions to prevent disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 62-year-old woman was referred with poor vision following manual small incision cataract surgery. On presentation, the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the involved eye was 3/60, whereas slit-lamp examination revealed a central corneal edema with the peripheral cornea relatively clear. Direct focal examination with a narrow slit upper border and lower margin of detached rolled up Descemet's membrane (DM) could be visualized. We performed a novel surgical approach, "double-bubble pneumo-descemetopexy." The surgical procedure included unrolling of DM with "small air bubble" and descemetopexy with "big bubble." No postoperative complications were observed, and best corrected distance visual acuity improved to 6/9 at 6 weeks. The patient had a clear cornea and maintained BCVA 6/9 during 18 months at follow-up. Double-bubble pneumo-descemetopexy, a more controlled technique, provides a satisfactory anatomical and visual outcome in DMD without the need for endothelial keratoplasty (Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty or DMEK) or penetrating keratoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work demonstrates the correlation between structure, properties, and self-sensing protocols of in situ prepared ferric oxide doped grafted copolymer composite, comprised of ferric oxide, chitosan, and polypyrrole (α-Fe 2 O 3 -en-CHIT-g-PPy) for residual ibuprofen present in natural and artificial samples. The chemical structure, morphology, functionality, and physio-mechanical properties of the composite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Two probe method, and standard ASTM techniques to explore sensing nature. The results confirm the evolution of axially aligned structure against 110 planes of α-Fe 2 O 3 and chemically functionalized expanded polymer matrix during in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, with better porosity, interactivity, and improved electrical conductivity i.e. 7.32 × 10−3 S cm−1. Further, a thin film of prepared composite coated on an ITO glass plate was explored for potentiometric sensing of ibuprofen (IBU) present in artificial and natural samples without the use of any additional energy sources. The observed sensing parameters are the sensing ranging 0.5 μM to 100.0 μM, sensitivity 2.5081 mV μM−1 cm−2, response time 50 s, recovery time 10 s, and stability for 60 days. The sensing mechanism of the IBU sensor and effective charge transfer in the electrode was also discussed based on changes in IR spectra of the electrode recorded before and after sensing due to surface oxidation of IBU due to the presence of iron and doping effect of iron oxide in the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital corneal anesthesia (CCA) is an extremely rare condition where the cornea is affected in isolation or as a part of congenital syndrome, or can be associated with systemic anomalies. This case series of 12 eyes provides an overview of various clinical presentations and their final treatment outcomes. The average age of presentation was 3.2 years with a female preponderance (75%). Fifty percent of the patients had bilateral involvement and 50% had corneal ulcers at presentation. Two eyes required therapeutic keratoplasty for corneal perforation. All patients had isolated CCA except for one who had an associated hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities and towns have developed stormwater systems to remove the runoff from developed areas. Although the systems are efficient in mitigating local drainage issues, they transfer pollutants and sediment to receiving waters, increase the flashiness of the flow regime and reduce ecological health. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approaches are now being adopted to mitigate urbanisation and climate change impacts. This paper reports on the result of reviewing more than 200 papers leading to the conclusion that further investigation is vital to understand how WSUD systems can mitigate climate change impacts and rapid urban development due to the population growth and ongoing shift in populations to cities. Further, the importance of understanding the role of WSUD in increasing the liveability of urban areas. The paper also identifies both strengths and limitations of WSUD which is vital to promote realistic expectations and consequently appropriate designs, budgets, and maintenance regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organizations today require employees who are well at managing emotional intelligence and using their emotions in a constructive process. The present study considered the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) for the study. WLEIS has four factors: self-emotional appraisal (SEA), other's emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotions (UOE). These scales help to manage emotions that result in satisfaction with life. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to validate WLEIS and SWLS because this scale has been validated across many countries but very few studies have been conducted in the Indian context. Apart from that, the current study also incorporated SWLS to validate constructs and measurement models. Methods: A sample of 238 participants working in the hospitality industry have been considered for the study. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate all the constructs and measurement models. Results: The three factors of WLEIS and SWLS showed Cronbach's α more than 0.8 that showed excellent internal consistency except for SEA. The results of exploratory factor analysis found that eigenvalue ranged from 2.8 to 5.9, and the total variance explained by constructs was 65.9%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed average variance explained of each construct to be 0.5, and composite reliability to be more than 0.7, which shows excellent construct validity of scales in the Indian hospitality sector. The study also validates measurement research model of WLEIS and SWLS on the basis of model fit index (chi-square/df = 4.83, RMSEA = 0.10, GFI = 0.94, and CFI = 0.90). Conclusion: The strong validity and reliability of the WLEIS and SWLS have proved that neuroscience can apply these scales to measure emotional intelligence in order to understand others' emotions and apply emotions in a constructive process that may lead to satisfaction with life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse effects of corrosion due to numerous environmental factors have led researchers to explore new generation of nanomaterials such as metal oxide, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) that possess excellent properties to provide ultimate resistance and protection against corrosion to be incorporated with binder systems made of organic resins. In this investigation, a novel technique was used to employ different loading ratios of TiO 2 nanoparticles (0.5-3 wt%) into the acrylic-epoxy polymer matrix with 90:10 wt% (90A:10E) ratio incorporated with 0.5 wt% GO, in order to effectively fabricate GO/ TiO 2 based hybrid polymer composite coatings. Moreover, 1 wt% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was consistently incorporated in all the coating samples. The samples were then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), water contact angle measurements (WCA), cross-hatch test (CHT), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) respectively. Throughout the immersion time, the EIS studies showed that the corrosion resistant performance was remarkably enhanced by the inclusion of TiO 2 nanoparticles over a period of 90 days. At up to the inclusion of 2 wt% TiO 2 , the obtained FESEM micrographs showed that the TiO 2 nanoparticles dispersed uniformly within the GO-based polymeric matrix, hence confirming their superior dispersion, exfoliation and plugging micropore property arising from their laminated structure. The WCA of the GO/ TiO 2 coatings were observed to increase as the content of TiO 2 nanoparticles increased, whereby the highest WCA of 112.5° was exhibited by the 3 wt% of TiO 2 coating system. Among the coating systems, the GO/ TiO 2 (ratio of 0.5:1 wt%) coating system demonstrated optimum impedance modulus values (Z 0.01 Hz) beyond 10 10 Ω cm 2. • Corrosion protection performance of organic coatings explained. • TiO 2 reinforced graphene oxide materials have effective influence on coating performance. • The highest WCA of 112.5° was exhibited by the 3 wt% of TiO 2 coating system. • Incorporation 1 wt% TiO2 has demonstrated the highest coating resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiology of dental caries remains poorly understood. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, a number of studies have focused on the microbial ecology of the disease. However, taxonomic associations with caries have not been consistent. Researchers have also pursued function-centric studies of the caries microbial communities aiming to identify consistently conserved functional pathways. A major question is whether changes in microbiome are a cause or a consequence of the disease. Thus, there is a critical need to define conserved functional signatures at the onset of dental caries. Methods: Since it is unethical to induce carious lesions clinically, we developed an innovative longitudinal ex-vivo model integrated with the advanced non-invasive multiphoton second harmonic generation bioimaging to spot the very early signs of dental caries, combined with 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics. Findings: For the first time, we induced longitudinally monitored caries lesions validated with the scanning electron microscope. Consequently, we spotted the caries onset and, associated with it, distinguished five differentiating metabolites - Lactate, Pyruvate, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (upregulated) and Fumarate (downregulated). Those metabolites co-occurred with certain bacterial taxa; Streptococcus, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Granulicatella, regardless of the abundance of other taxa. Interpretation: These findings are crucial for understanding the etiology and dynamics of dental caries, and devising targeted interventions to prevent disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an attempt has been made to synthesize silver nanoparticles from Murraya koenigii leaf extract at room temperature. The synthesized materials are stable for several months. The UV‐vis spectrophotometric analysis is carried out to ensure the formation of silver nanomaterials. XRD pattern confirms the formation of polycrystalline silver nanomaterials with the cubic crystal structure. Irregularly shaped particles are observed under field emission scanning electron microscopic observations. Elemental studies show the presence of Ag and O elements. The synthesized nanomaterial is multi‐applicative and shows potential efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that the leaf extract of M. koenigii is an efficient bio‐reductant for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials. The synthesized nanoparticles show potent anti‐microbial activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits of either sex were randomly divided into three groups (I, II and III). Group I and II consisted of eight animals each and in the control group (III) having four animals. Under ketamine (44mg/kg, IM) and xylazine (5 mg/kg, IM) anaesthesia a full thickness abdominal wall defect (2x3 cm) was created and immediately repaired with 0.5% glutaraldehyde treated bovine diaphragm in groups I and II. In control group the defect was repaired by autograft. In group II ultrasound therapy was given at the repair site from day 3 postoperative at the rate of 0.5 watt/cm2 for 5 minutes for two weeks on alternate day. The rectal temperature remained significantly higher in all the groups for 3 days. The swelling, exudation, warmth and pain were maximum at day 1 and then became normal by 6-7 days. Significant rise in neutrophils with reduction in lymphocytes was seen for 7 days in all groups. The grafts were very well taken up by host without any immune reaction. Ultrasound therapy reduced the adhesions in group II. Hexosamine level reduced in all the groups at day 21. Collagen, hydroxyproline and elastin increased at day 21. Changes in zinc and copper was statistically non-significant. Rise in glucose and alkaline phosphatase were although significant but transient. Normal inflammatory cellular reaction was seen in all groups. The healing was seen without any complication in all groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a comprehensive comparative analysis of acid textured and MACE (Metal Assisted Chemical Etching) nano-textured multi crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells processed in an industrial cell line in terms of performance parameters. The batch average open circuit voltage of nano-textured solar cells was marginally lower and the measures for improving the same are discussed. Batch average short circuit current (J S C) and fill factor (FF) were respectively 0.65 mA-cm−2 and 0.7% (absolute) higher for MACE nano-textured solar cells. Significantly lower surface reflectance in MACE nano-textured cells in the blue and near infrared regions are found to be the reason for the enhancement in J S C. The main component of FF gain is identified as the lower series resistance in MACE cells. The contact formation mechanism in screen printed mc-Si solar cells, investigated using scanning electron microscopy, revealed that the elevated portions at the boundaries of the textures act as favorable sites for silver crystallite precipitation. A larger areal density of such sites is observed on the MACE nano-textured surface than in case of acid textured solar cells, leading to a much lower series resistance. The results suggest the potential for the application of MACE in the more popular mono-crystalline silicon cell technology for further reduction of contact resistance. Alternatively, MACE may be used to obtain similar contact resistance with lower amount of silver paste, compared to iso- and pyramid textured solar cells. • MACE nano-textures offer lower reflection and higher fill factor than iso-textures. • Gain in fill factor in nano-textured cells is due to lower series resistance. • Elevated portions of textures are the favorable Ag crystallite precipitation sites. • Large area density of MACE nano-textures lower the series resistance significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Abdominal pathologies are the second most common after pulmonary diseases in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. Ultrasonography (USG) is a vital imaging technique for the evaluation of abdominal pathologies. This study was aimed at evaluating the abdominal pathologies using USG in HIV/AIDS and further analysis of its correlation with CD4 count. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 392 HIV-positive patients with abnormal abdominal sonographic findings. All data were analyzed by Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Of these 392 patients, 66.3% were males, the mean age was 35.7 years, (range 7-64 years) and most of them were in 4th decade. On ultrasonographic evaluation, spleen was involved in 45.2% patients and liver as well as lymph nodes each was involved in 43.6% patients. Other cases displayed ascites and bowel thickening in 5.3% and 3.8% patients, respectively. Less involvement of kidney (2.3%), pancreas (1.5%), and biliary system (1.3%) was observed. In addition, pathologies such as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, splenic microabscess, focal pancreatic lesion, mesenteric, and periportal lymphadenopathy showed significant correlation with CD4 counts. Lymphoma was found in 1% of patients, involving liver, pancreas, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion: Our study highlights the clinical utility of abdominal USG in HIV/AIDS patients. CD4 counts largely affect the differential diagnosis in HIV/AIDS patients. USG findings interpreted in the context of CD4 count may help in guiding the exact diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The disparity in the behaviors of monocyte subsets may contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis in THS patients and may determine the outcomes. • The elevated levels of patrolling monocytes during post-traumatic and its negative association with disease severity may considered patrolling monocytes as a potentially useful cellular therapeutic target. • Elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines during post-traumatic sepsis are due to classical and inflammatory monocytes which may leads to immune suppression during post-traumatic sepsis and may determine the outcomes. Trauma remains a major public health problem worldwide, marked as the fourth leading cause of death among all diseases. Trauma patients who survived at initial stages in the Emergency Department (ED), have significantly higher chances of mortality due to sepsis associated complications in the ICU at the later stage. There is paucity of literature regarding the role of circulating monocytes subsets and development of sepsis complications following trauma haemorrhagic shock (THS). The study was conducted to investigate the circulating level of monocyte subsets (Classical, Inflammatory, and Patrolling) and its functions in patients with acute post-traumatic sepsis. A total 72, THS patients and 30 age matched healthy controls were recruited. Blood samples were collected at different time points on days 1, 7, and 14 to measure the serum levels of cytokines by Cytometric bead assay (CBA), for the immunophenotyping of monocytes subsets, and also for the cell sorting of monocytes subsets for the functional studies. The circulating levels of monocytes subsets were found to be significantly differs among THS patients, who developed sepsis when compared with others who did not. The levels of patrolling monocytes were elevated in THS patients who developed sepsis and showed negative correlation with Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on days 7 and 14. Classical monocytes responded strongly to bacterial TLR-agonist (LPS) and produced anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas patrolling monocytes responded with viral TLR agonist TLR-7/8 (R848) and produced inflammatory cytokines in post-traumatic sepsis patients. In conclusion, this study shows disparity in the behaviour of monocytes subsets in patients with acute post-traumatic sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology has replaced many traditional analog circuit functions. The frequency, amplitude, and phase of a waveform generated using DDS can be precisely controlled. It is possible to achieve remarkably high-frequency resolution, fast frequency switching, and modulation can be easily introduced in a DDS generator. However, pulse waveform generated using DDS requires re-loading of the pulse waveform in the waveform memory to vary the pulse parameters, which causes phase discontinuity, requires prohibitively large memory to generate pulses with narrow widths and long periods, and suffers from trigger uncertainty of up to 1 clock period when the pulse waveform is triggered by an external event. Moreover, it is not possible to modulate the width and delay of the pulse stored in the waveform memory. This article describes a fully functional, low complexity, low cost, memory less, parallel, and DDS-based pulse waveform generator implemented in a low-cost field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) where pulse parameters such as amplitude, period, width, rise time, fall time, and delay can all be varied without any glitches or phase discontinuity, where the amplitude, frequency and phase, as well as period, width and delay of the pulse can be modulated by an internally generated or external modulating signal and where it is possible to trigger the generation of the pulse or burst of pulses by an external event where the time between the trigger event and the pulse output is fixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing radio frequency (RF) spectrum analyzers use conventional superheterodyne architecture to remove images associated with the down conversion of RF input frequency to some intermediate frequency (IF) for further processing, and their complexity increases as the frequency range of interest is extended. This article describes a novel digital system architecture for spectrum analyzers based on quadrature down conversion. Quadrature down conversion architectures where image responses are inherently rejected are normally used to analyze a single frequency or a very narrow frequency spectrum. This article proposes using quadrature architecture in an ultrawideband spectrum analysis application. A wideband spectrum analyzer receiver with compensation for gain and phase imbalances in the RF input range, as well as compensation for gain and phase imbalances within the IF passband complete with resolution bandwidth (RBW) filtering, video bandwidth (VBW) filtering, and amplitude detection, is implemented in a low-cost field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed method still achieves the desired image rejection performance specification, is power-efficient, and significantly simplifies the RF front-end hardware in comparison to state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glaucoma is a serious vision-threatening condition appropriately called as the silent killer of sight. The effect of postoperative fibrosis on success of filtration surgeries requires modulation of the wound healing process. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare trabeculectomy augmented with collagen matrix implant with mitomycin C in primary glaucoma. Materials and Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, hospital-based, analytical, and interventional study was conducted on 36 eyes of 36 patients. Group 1 included 18 patients who underwent trabeculectomy combined with subconjunctival collagen matrix implant and Group 2 included 18 patients who underwent trabeculectomy augmented with intraoperative mitomycin C (0.04 mg/ml) for 2 min. Each patient underwent detailed ocular examination and comparison was drawn by recording intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb characteristics, and postoperative complications. Results: The cumulative success rates at the end of our study were similar in two groups, 94.44% in Group 1 and 88.89% in Group 2 (P = 1.000). The mean reduction in IOP at 24 weeks in Group 1 was 18.67 ± 7.59 mmHg and in Group 2 was 21.32 ± 5.84 mmHg. The reduction in IOP was similar between the two groups (P = 0.290). The mean fall in IOP was 56.46% in Group 1 and 64.70% in Group 2 at 24 weeks. Mean bleb score in Group 1 was 10.33 ± 1.23 and in Group 2 was 8.89 ± 1.41, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Shallow anterior chamber, overfiltration, and hypotony were statistically higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P = 0.041, 0.041, and 0.046, respectively). Conclusion: Collagen matrix implant as an adjuvant to trabeculectomy is noble, safe, and effective option as compared to mitomycin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease with varying presentations ranging from minor discomfort to sight threatening complications. Different drugs are used to treat dry eye and act on different layers of the tear film. Rebamipide is a new emerging drug that specifically addresses mucin deficient dry eye. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of 2% rebamipide and to compare it with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of dry eye disease. Material and Methods: 130 patients visiting the eye OPD of a tertiary care hospital in North India with dry eye disease were enrolled and divided randomly into two groups of 65 patients each. One group was prescribed 2% rebamipide eye drops 4 times a day and the other was prescribed 0.1% sodium hyaluronate 6 times a day for 6 weeks. Schirmer's test values, tear film breakup time (TBUT), Lissamine green staining score and a dry eye related questionnaire were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Results: The difference between the results of the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.05) at 6 weeks of therapy. Conclusion: Rebamipide proved to be better than sodium hyaluronate in reducing the symptoms and improving clinical signs like Schirmer's values, TBUT and lissamine staining score when used for up to 6 weeks and may emerge as 1st line treatment for dry eye disease in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal solid tumor documented in children and young adults. A 7-year-old boy diagnosed case of acquired aplastic anemia, referred to our hospital for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He was admitted to the hospital with febrile neutropenia. Blood culture showed persistent Escherichia coli infection. During hospital stay, he had bilious vomiting with tender abdomen suggestive of subacute intestional obstruction. Computed tomography of the abdomen was suggestive of ileocolic intussusception. Emergency laparotomy done which revealed a large polypoid mass involving cecum and part of ascending colon with ileocolic intussusception, child underwent ileotransverse colon resection with end-to-side anastomosis. Immunohistochemistry was suggestive of IMT. The child had persistent fever and protracted course during hospital stay and finally died. E. coli sepsis is associated with IMT and leads to protracted course in immunosuppressed patients such as aplastic anemia. As the imaging and laboratory tests are nonspecific, it should be considered in an immunocompromised children who have E. coli sepsis and abdominal complaints and rare presentation as intussusception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study fibroblasts seeded matrices prepared from bovine pericardium was evaluated in the repair of full thickness skin defects in rats. The pericardium tissue from buffalo was treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for 48 hours showed complete acellularity with normal thickness and arrangements of collagen fibres. In vitro primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (p-MEF) cells were cultured and seeded on the acellular pericardium matrix (APM) using static seeding technique. Forty eight (48) rats of either sex were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 animals each. Under general anaesthesia a 20x20 mm2 full thickness skin defect was created on dorsal thoracic area. The defect in group A (control) was repaired with standard dressing material whereas, groups B, C and D animals were repaired with autograft, APM and p-MEF seeded APM, respectively. Wound healing was evaluated on the basis of clinical, gross, immunological and histopathological observations. On the basis of different observations recorded it can be said that APM have wound healing potency however, seeding with p-MEF increases the wound healing potency. APM seeded p-MEF was found to be a novel biomaterial which has amphipathic character in full thickness skin repair and enhances wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits of either sex were randomly divided into three groups (I, II and III). Group I and II consisted of eight animals each and in the control group (III) having four animals. Under ketamine (44mg/kg, IM) and xylazine (5 mg/kg, IM) anaesthesia a full thickness abdominal wall defect (2x3 cm) was created and immediately repaired with 0.5% glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium in groups I and II. In control group the defect was repaired by autograft. In group II ultrasound therapy was given at the repair site from day 3 postoperative at the rate of 0.5 watt/cm2 for 5 minutes for two weeks on alternate day. The rectal temperature remained significantly higher in all the groups for 3 days. The swelling, exudation, warmth and pain were maximum at day 1 and then became normal by 6-7 days. Significant rise in neutrophils with reduction in lymphocytes was seen for 7 days in all groups. The grafts were very well taken up by host without any immune reaction. Ultrasound therapy reduced the adhesions in group II. Hexosamine level reduced in all the groups at day 21. Collagen, hydroxyproline and elastin increased at day 21. Changes in zinc and copper was statistically non significant. Rise in glucose and alkaline phosphatase were although significant but transient. Normal inflammatory cellular reaction was seen in all groups The healing was seen without any complication in all groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a new technique of intracorneal scleral patch (ICSP) supported cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) application in corneal perforations, greater than 3.0 mm secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: This Prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, interventional series included 14 eyes (14 patients). All patients had corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm due to RA, which were treated with ICSP supported CTA application. A partial thickness scleral patch 1.0 mm larger than diameter of corneal perforation was prepared. A lamellar corneal pocket 0.5 mm all around the corneal perforation was created. The partial thickness scleral patch was placed in the corneal perforation site and the edge was fitted into the lamellar intracorneal pocket. A minimum quantity of CTA was applied on the scleral patch to seal the perforation.Results: The corneal perforations healed in 14 eyes (100%) in a mean 7.71 ± 1.14 (range, 6-9) weeks. One eye (7.14%) had inadvertent extrusion of ICSP due to premature removal of CTA but, Seidel's test was negative, and the corneal epithelial defect healed with BCL alone. One eye each (7.14%) developed steroid induced cataract and glaucoma. None of eyes developed infective keratitis, re-opening of corneal perforation (necessitating repeat procedure) or enlargement of corneal perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).Conclusion: ICSP supported CTA application is a successful alternative option to emergency PKP in treating corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm with associated RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanocomposite containing poly o-toluidine, copper nanocomposite (CuONC), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was fabricated by in-situ oxidative synthesis method. The electrochemical performance of the hybrid composite was inspected as a supercapacitor material by three-electrode cyclic voltammogram analysis. Physicochemical aspects of synthesized OT/MWCNT/CuO nanocomposite were justified by FTIR, UV-vis. spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM and EDX techniques. The composite comprising of metal oxide, polymer and MWCNTs offers a promising alternate for developing better supercapacitor electrode materials. The highest specific capacitance of 1900 F/g at a scanning rate of 5 mV/s and 1800 F/g and current density of 1A /g was achieved in an aqueous solution of 0.5M H2SO4 with good cycle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses The recent deadly India–China border clash, topics include the deadly clash in the Ladakh region's Galwan Valley on the Indo-Tibet border on the night of 15–16 June, a dialogue between India's National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi resulted in China pulling back its military troops. It also highlights Enduring conflict, Casualties issue and India's response.

• An additive-free acid texturing process is demonstrated for the DWS multi-crystalline silicon wafers in solar cell manufacturing industry. • These textured wafers have similar optoelectronic and electrical properties as that of industrial additive-based acid textured DWS wafers. • The reported additive-free textured cells have similar batch average efficiency to that of the additive-based acid textured cells in industrial production. • Further optimization of fabrication conditions, our proposed textured wafers will possibly increase the cell efficiency. • Proposed texturing scheme cut-down nearly 60% of chemical cost of additive-based acid texturing process presently used in industry. Diamond-wire-sawing (DWS) technique allows slicing of silicon ingots to produce wafers at cheaper price due to its reduced kerf-loss and increased cutting rate. However, there is no cost-effective and industrially viable method available for texturing DWS wafers, especially for multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers. Currently additive-based acid texturing process is availed by PV manufacturing units for texturing DWS mc-Si wafers. An additive-free, low cost and energy-efficient acid texturing process is demonstrated for DWS mc-Si wafers in industrial production line. Nearly 10% absolute reduction in weighted average reflectance values (WAR) are noticed for the newly textured wafers from that of as-cut DWS mc-Si wafers and the WAR values are comparable to that of existing additive-based acid textured mc-Si wafers. An absolute reduction in emitter saturation current density by ~ 17 fA - cm - 2 and improved implied open circuit voltage of ~ 5 mV (absolute) are reported for lifetime sample fabricated using newly textured wafers when compared to the additive-based acid textured lifetime samples. An impressive batch average efficiencies of 18.20% and 18.24% are achieved for the additive-free and existing additive-based acid textured mc-Si cells, respectively. Detailed analysis conclude that ~ 1.5% (relative) enhancement in short circuit current density can be achieved by further process optimization. Cost analysis indicates that 60% of the chemical cost involved the texturing process can be cut down by replacing the existing additive-based acid process with the new method using the same process equipment. Hence, the texturing process presented has great potential for producing large area high efficiency mc-Si cells favoring cost considerations without compromising performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional method of learning via face to face lecture has been in curriculum since times immemorial. E-learning via multimedia has been a recent introduction in education system. Purpose: To compare e-learning with the traditional method of teaching in medical education. Material and Methods: The two different methods of teaching were applied on the same group of students. A total of six lectures were conducted. Three of them were taught by traditional method of teaching and three by e-leaning. Formative assessment in the form of written examination was carried out, followed by qualitative assessment at the end of session. Results: The mean marks obtained after Exam-1 (i.e. following traditional teaching method) was 6.46 ± 1.48 and mean marks obtained after Exam-2 (i.e. following e-learning) was 8.37 ± 1.27. The mean difference score was 1.91 ± 1.55. The paired t-test was applied, and the value of t was 11.96 with p-value <0.001. The results between two teaching methods were statistically significant. For qualitative analysis Likert scale was used. 66% of students strongly agreed that e-learning is a superior method than traditional method of learning. Conclusion: The e-learning proved to be more efficient and uniform method of student learning with revision facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is usually asymptomatic till advanced stages of the disease. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary risk factor for development of POAG. But in spite of control of IOP, some cases progress which strengthens the view that there must be other independent risk factors in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Serum lipids have been found to be associated with glaucoma in few studies. We conducted a study to assess the relation between dyslipidemia and glaucoma on 100 cases of glaucoma and 100 age-matched controls. Detailed ophthalmic examination was done in all subjects and fasting lipid profile was compared between cases and controls. Levels of total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL were significantly higher in cases than in controls with a p value < 0.0001. We conclude that dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for POAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of skin has no standard treatment regimen, resulting in recurrences/metastasis. Although, doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic has demonstrated some degree of efficacy. Molecular imaging can help in assessment of treatment response and prognosis of SCCs. MRI data showed that spin-spin relaxation (T2) time was longer (138 ± 2 msec) in Dox treated Test-II and there is no significant difference in spin-lattice relaxation (T1) time with respective controls. These findings further corroborated with the histology, proliferation index, apoptotic index, and HMGA1 protein expression. Thus, MRI may be a useful tool for monitoring treatment response noninvasively for skin tumor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxadiazoles, especially 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, stand among the foremost heterocyclic fragments with a broad spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including pharmacology, polymers, material science, and organic electronics, among others. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the pivotal synthetic strategies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives including dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,2-diacylhydrazines, oxidative cyclization of acylhydrazones, condensation cyclization, C-H activation of oxadiazole ring, decarboxylative cyclization and oxidative annulation along with plausible mechanisms. The set of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles selected from the literature and discussed herein epitomize the ease of synthesis as well as the possibility of linking π-conjugated groups; thereby encouraging the use of these molecules as important starting building blocks for a wide variety of fluorescent frameworks, particularly in the development of potential chemosensors. High photoluminescent quantum yield, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the presence of potential coordination (N and O donor atoms) sites make these molecules a prominent choice for metal-ions sensors. An overview of selective metal-ion sensing, the detection limit along with the sensing mechanisms (photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, and complex formation) is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-ideal Schottky barrier contacts to n-type Al0.22Ga0.78N have been developed by a two-step surface treatment technique. Plasma etching of the AlxGa1-xN surface prior to Schottky metal deposition, combined with sequential chemical treatment of the etched surface, holds promise for developing high quality low-leakage Schottky contacts for low noise applications and for recessed gate high electron mobility transistors. In this work, the effect of postetch chemical treatment of the n-type Al0.22Ga0.78N surface on the performance of the Ni/Au based Schottky contact has been investigated. Three different types of chemical treatment: viz, reactive ion etching, reactive ion etching plus dipping in hot aqua regia, and reactive ion etching plus dipping in hot KOH, are studied. Detailed current-voltage studies of three different surface treated diodes and a comparison with as-deposited diodes reveal significant improvement in the diode characteristics. The latter surface treatment yields Ni/Au Schottky diodes with very low reverse leakage currents, breakdown voltages greater than 44 V, and an ideality factor as low as 1.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]