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In present study, a series of MnAlxFe2−xO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ferrite nanoparticles are synthesized via auto‐combustion method and investigated for the structural, optical, and antifungal characteristics. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are employed to analyze the structure and morphology, revealing alterations in the lattice parameters and crystallite size (24.83–17.95 nm) due to Al doping. The optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles are examined through UV–visible spectroscopy, indicating a decrease in the bandgap energy (1.44–1.33 eV) with the incorporation of Al3+ ions. Additionally, the antifungal activity of the Al‐doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles is assessed against two selected fungal strains, i.e., Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282) and Candida albicans (MTCC 227). The findings contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted properties of Al‐doped MnFe2O4, highlighting its potential applications in diverse fields such as sensors, and biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, sol gel and hydrothermal methods were used to synthesis pure TiO2 (TO) and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TO–C), respectively. The prepared materials were subjected to surface and structural characterization using XRD, RAMAN, FESEM and EDX. The batch mode experiments were carried out systematically to obtained the adsorption data which were further analysed using various isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models, in order to determine the adsorptive potential of TO and TO–C for the remediation of U(VI). The thermodynamic characteristics showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption. The isotherm studies revealed the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (mg/g) of 65.74 and 41.97 exhibited by TO–C and TO, respectively for U(VI). The study proposed that U(VI) extraction from water is primarily caused by п-electron density of MWCNTs and monolayer chemisorption through coordination complex formation. These results confirm the prospective use of TO–C as packing material for column units in water purifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nSUMMARYCerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection, with complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors, including the host’s immunological response. T lymphocytes, specifically CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, are crucial in controlling parasite growth and activating cells for parasite clearance via cytokine secretion. Contrary to this, reports also suggest the pathogenic nature of T lymphocytes as they are often involved in disease progression and severity. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells migrate to the host’s brain vasculature, disrupting the blood-brain barrier and causing neurological manifestations. CD4+ T helper cells on the other hand play a variety of functions as they differentiate into different subtypes which may function as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. The excessive pro-inflammatory response in CM can lead to multi-organ failure, necessitating a check mechanism to maintain immune homeostasis. This is achieved by regulatory T cells and their characteristic cytokines, which counterbalance the pro-inflammatory immune response. Maintaining a critical balance between pro and anti-inflammatory responses is crucial for determining disease outcomes in CM. A slight change in this balance may contribute to a disease severity owing to an extreme inflammatory response or unrestricted parasite growth, a potential target for designing immunotherapeutic treatment approaches. The review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of CM and various mechanisms responsible for the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. It also highlights the role of different T cell subsets during infection and emphasizes the importance of balance between pro and anti-inflammatory T cells that ultimately decides the outcome of the disease.CM is potentially fatal complication of P. falciparum infection that presents with high mortality and morbidity. Vaccines are extensively being developed against the Plasmodium parasite but very few of them are effective. Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) is a major treatment for malaria, but its effectiveness is declining due to Plasmodium sp. developing resistance to it, necessitating the need for development of new drugs and treatments. During infection, the parasite is responsible for causing infected red blood cell (RBC) sequestration and cytoadherence in brain vasculature and extreme pro-inflammatory response that ultimately causes endothelial dysfunction and bloodbrain barrier (BBB) disruption. The host initiates a pro-inflammatory response against the parasite which includes activation of cells of both innate and adaptive immune response. These cells control the parasite growth and aid in parasite clearance from host’s body. The inflammatory response generally targets foreign pathogens and provides protection against possible infection but can also cause harm to the self when left unchecked. It has been reported that activated immune cells, mainly T-lymphocytes often migrate to brain vasculature and ultimately results in neuronal damage characteristic CM. To counteract the overwhelming pro-inflammatory response, the host immune system deploys an anti-inflammatory response, which often involves regulatory cells and cytokines that help the body maintain immunological homeostasis. The review briefly highlights the necessity of balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses for successful parasite clearance without the deleterious effects to the host that might increase disease severity in CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purna Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area situated in the northern most tip of one of the hottest hotspots - Western Ghats. Knowledge of the biodiversity structure of such important areas is essential for conservation planning and management. Besides being an excellent indicator of species diversity and health of terrestrial ecosystems, spiders still remain almost a neglected group of animals in conservation point of view. Aim of this paper is to study the dominance structure and guild composition of spiders of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, as these compositions indicate the quality of biodiversity of this protected area. Dominance structure was measured using Tischler's scale and guild structure analysis that was done based on ecological attributes of each spider family. Eudominant species in Purna Wildlife Sanctuary was found to be Argiope pulchella (Family Araneidae). Dominant guild was Orbweb weavers. This paper also attempts to update the spider diversity in Purna Wildlife Sanctuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ballistic impact response of Kevlar textiles is significantly influenced by the friction between the yarns. It increases the dissipation of energy when yarns begin to displace relative to one another and it also results in to transfer of load to a larger area during ballistic impacts. In the present work, a novel sulfonyl aryl group containing monomer acrylic acid-2-(toluene sulphonyl amine)-ethyl ester (AATSAEE) was synthesized by a three-step process with ethanol amine and p-toluene sulfonic acid as starting material. The monomer was homopolymerized and grafted on Kevlar fabric by UV-induced free radical polymerization technique. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as initiator. Utilizing spectroscopic and thermal gravimetric methods, the monomer, precursor, and the homopolymer were characterized. The yarn pull-out tests on unmodified and AATSAEE grafted Kevlar fabrics were performed on Universal Tensile Tester at a steady speed of the upper jaw of 50 cm min−1. Increases in yarn pull out force have been noted with grafting of AATSAEE on Kevlar fabric. The peak force increases around 284% with grafting which indicates an increase in friction forces. When these yarns start to move apart from one another due to friction factors, the fabric's energy dissipation increases and it may results in to increase in energy absorption at the time of ballistic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epigenetic processes play an important role in various physiological processes as well as in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The role of altered DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and associated ovarian and endometrial cancers has not been explored in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the promoter methylation status of genes involved in key biological processes in the pathogenesis of these three gynecological diseases. Methods: Tissue samples of endometriosis, endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, endometrioid endometrial cancer, and control endometrium (n = 10 each) were obtained. DNA was extracted and subjected to bisulfite conversion using commercially available kits. The methylation status of COX2, VEGF, HIF1A, TNF, MYC, and TP53 genes was checked by methylation-specific PCR. The mRNA levels of MYC and TP53 were determined using qRT-PCR in all tissue samples. Results: The promoter methylation status of COX2, VEGF, HIF1A, and TNF genes was significantly reduced in all three diseased study subjects (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in the promoter methylation frequency of MYC and TP53 genes. Transcriptional expression of the MYC gene was significantly increased in all diseased groups (P < 0.001) whereas, transcriptional expression of the TP53 gene was significantly reduced in endometriosis and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary and significantly increased in endometrioid endometrial cancer subjects compared to control subjects (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the promoter regions of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic genes involved in the common molecular pathophysiology of these three disorders were significantly hypomethylated and could be the reason for their over-expression associated with them. This indicates the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of these three diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandgap engineering in p–n junction-based thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) is a fascinating research area for enhancing device performance. The present review addresses the effect of the graded absorber layer on TFSC performance. The performance of solar-cell devices can be evaluated using several parameters, including open-circuit voltage (V OC), short-circuit current density (J SC), and power-conversion efficiency (PCE, η). Furthermore, different types of grading on several absorber layers such as CIGS, CZTS, CdTe, and Sb 2 S 3 have been investigated to clarify the grading mechanism based on the tuning of the absorber layer bandgap and its effect on TFSC performance. Over the past few years, intensive efforts have been directed toward tuning the absorber layer bandgap to obtain high performance. Moreover, detailed theoretical and experimental studies have revealed the effect of grading composition on device performance. The present review elucidates the current progress and future possibilities in the field of graded TFSCs. In brief, this investigation envisions state-of-the-art solar cells and persuading further research in the domain of graded TFSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Accurate and early diagnosis is imperial in the management of endometriosis, endometrioid carcinoma of ovary (ECO) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC), yet there are no definitive diagnostic methods available for these diseases. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of differentially expressed miRNAs in serum samples of women with endometriosis, ECO and EC to establish them as diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: Blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from 40 patients (n=10/study group) undergoing laparoscopy/laparotomy/hysterectomy. miRNA-rich RNA was extracted from the serum samples, and quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR was performed to check the expression levels of miR-16, miR-99b, miR-20a, miR-145, miR-143 and miR-125a in all the samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to check the diagnostic potential. Results: In endometriosis, miR-16 was downregulated (P<0.05) whereas miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-143 and miR-145 were upregulated (P<0.05). In ECO group, downregulated expression of miR-16 and miR-125a (P<0.05) was observed, whereas miR-99b, miR-143 and miR-145 were upregulated (P<0.05). In endometrioid EC, miR-16, miR-99b, miR-125 and miR-145 were downregulated (P<0.05), whereas miR-143 was upregulated (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that, for endometriosis, miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-143 and miR-145 served as diagnostic markers. miR-145 showed diagnostic power for ECO, and for endometrioid EC, miR-16, miR-99b, miR-125a and miR-145 showed diagnostic potential. Interpretation & conclusions: The present findings suggested that certain circulating miRNAs (miB99b, miR-16, miR-125a, miR-145) might act as indicators and discriminators of endometriosis and endometrioid subtypes of EC and ovarian cancer and might serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and management of these debilitating diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Surface and interface engineering was performed on VTD-SnS TFSCs. • E-beam evaporation optimized Se thickness. • Na-assisted Se diffusion was introduced. • The PCE notably increased from 3.01% to 3.70%. • Localized junction formation during Se deposition and concurrent SnSSe formation during Na-assisted Se diffusion. Surface and interface engineering in thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) is vital for optimizing charge carrier dynamics, reducing recombination, enhancing material properties, and ultimately improving efficiency and overall performance. In this study, e-beam evaporation was used to deposit selenium (Se) onto tin sulfide (SnS) absorber layers with a thickness of 10 nm to 50 nm. The Se layer optimization was validated using various characterization techniques, which confirmed the formation of micro-sized openings via Se droplet deposition. This Se passivation-plus-local opening geometry plays a crucial role in forming point-junctions with the n-type CdS during cell fabrication, presenting a novel approach in state-of-the-art technology. The results revealed a significant enhancement in the conversion efficiency of the SLG/Mo/SnS/Se/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO/Al device to 3.01 % (V OC = 0.326 V, J SC = 20.21 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.45) with 30 nm Se layer deposition. Furthermore, a 30 nm-thick NaF-assisted Se layer was deposited to improve device performance. The diffusion of both Se and Na into the SnS substrate was validated using XRD, SEM, EDS, AFM, and XPS. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the SLG/Mo/SnSSe-NaF/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO/Al device was further enhanced to 3.70 % (V OC = 0.340 V, J SC = 22.56 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.48). This enhancement is attributed to the creation of localized junctions via Se surface passivation, and the concurrent SnSSe formation induces band gap tuning and increases the grain size, contributing to additional PCE improvement during Na-assisted Se diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses having wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, medical and biomedical fields. The finding of a recently discovered coronavirus as the root of severe acute respiratory syndrome has increased attentiveness in this viral family during the previous years (SARS). From 2019 to 2022, world has suffered with a serious issue and every stage of people has been affected. In March 2020, WHO announced corona virus as a disease also called COVID-19. At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of novel methods to carry out a sophisticated system of expression of genes. Coronavirus replication depends on ribosomal frameshifting during genomic translating steps, the synthesis of multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of virus replication by a method exclusive to encapsulated RNA viruses. According to experimental research, SARS-CoV-2 has a genomic sequence that is 96.2% identical to a bat CoV RaTG13 and 79.5% identical to SARS-CoV. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations during its Global Circulation. This comprehensive review contains the summary of detailed biomolecular modification related to its different variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants are differentiated into 3 class based on their risk analysis: VOI (Variants of interest), Variants of high consequences and VOC (Variants of public health importance or concern). Such variants with different genetic modifications have been directly related to mortality, morbidity rate and severity as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eco-friendly, cost-effective, and convenient approach for synthesizing biocompatible fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from the leaf extract of the medicinal plant Calotropis gigantea, commonly known as crown flower, has been demonstrated in this work. Fluorescence quantum yields of up to 4.24 percent were observed in as-synthesized CQDs. The size distribution of the as-synthesized CQDs varied from 2.7 to 10.4 nm, with a significant proportion of sp2 and sp3 carbon groups verified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The zeta potential of as-synthesized CQDs was measured to be –13.8 mV, indicating the existence of a negatively charged surface with incipient instability in aqueous suspension. Furthermore, as an alternative to organic or synthetic dyes, the development of simple, inexpensive, and non-destructive fluorescence-based staining agents are highly desired. In this regard, as-synthesized CQDs have shown remarkable fluorescent staining capabilities in this work and might be utilised as a suitable probe for optical and bio-imaging of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, Ba and Co based hexaferrites, (Ba 1-3x Nd 2x) 4 Co 2 Fe 36 O 60 , x = 0.0–0.25, with the interval of 0.05, have been synthesized via auto-combustion route method. Every sample has an R-3m symmetric hexagonal structure, according to the XRD study. The samples with 0.15 < x < 0.25 have decreasing magnetization, while below x = 0.15 doping, enhanced magnetic properties appeared. Impedance spectroscopy is employed for investigating dielectric characteristics. The sample with x = 0.15 composition at 1.5 T and 1000Hz showed maximum magnetization and a magneto-electric reaction accompanied by a magnetic coefficient of about 104.68%, which is very huge in case of hexaferrites. Therefore, these results will be fruitful in the application point of view. Therefore, with these excellent magnetic parameters, improved dielectric and magneto-electric traits, the prepared U-type hexaferrites based materials are highly beneficial for permanent magnets and switching devices. • Ba-Nd-Co hexaferrites synthesized via auto-combustion. • XRD confirms R-3m hexagonal structure for all samples. • Enhanced magnetization below x = 0.15, decreasing beyond x = 0.15. • Impedance spectroscopy unveils intriguing dielectric characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is critical for protecting electronic devices from interference generated by various sources such as power lines, radio waves, microwaves, and electronic devices. In this current study, we present a thorough investigation of the structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic properties of Y3+ doped M-type barium nano hexaferrites. Polycrystalline BaFe 12−x Y x O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) hexaferrites are prepared using the citrate precursor method. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that all samples have a single-phase, and pure hexagonal crystalline structure with space group P69/mmc. This result is consistent for all the prepared compositions. The structure and dopant materials in different chemical states of the sample are determined based on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis showed that the particles had a distinct hexagonal morphology. The chemical composition of the prepared hexaferrites is investigated using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). UV spectroscopy showed an inverse relationship between the molar ratio of yttrium and the band gap. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results showed a decrease in saturation magnetization (M s) and coercivity (H c) with increasing fraction of yttrium ions. The shielding efficiency (SE) of the synthesized hexa materials against EMI is evaluated using a vector network analyser (VNA). In particular, effective EMI shielding was observed in the frequency spectra of 8–12 GHz (X-band region). Among the tested compositions, BaFe 12–0.7 Y 0.7 O 19 with a thickness of 3 mm exhibited highest SE of 80.07 dB in the X-band region. The proposed yttrium-substituted barium M-type hexagonal ferrites exhibit significant reflection loss with enhanced absorption spectrum even when applied to an extremely thin 3 mm material, making it a possible preference as the radar-absorbed compound for EMI attenuators for weather monitoring, radar tracking, air traffic management, and gigahertz antennas. Furthermore, commercial applications including long-term magnetic media for recording, storing information, etc. are possible uses of the synthesised magnetic yttrium-doped barium M-type hexagonal ferrites. • Yttrium-substituted barium hexaferrite nanoparticles of M-type were successfully synthesized by the citrate precursor method. • A remarkable effectiveness in shielding electromagnetic interference is observed in the X-band frequency spectrum. • Synthesized yttrium-substituted barium hexaferrite nanoparticles are effective for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are the major degraders of organic matter in natural environments, and almost every naturally occurring organic compound can be degraded by one fungus or another. An enormous range of organic compounds can be utilized by fungi, especially the major organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from compost. The present work aims to isolate and identify fungal isolates from the compost samples. Compost preparation by biodegradable waste using fruit waste, cabbage, tomato, fresh cow dung, leaves, twigs and mixed vegetable waste. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of individual, composts were used for the isolation. Substantially qualitative differences observed in the fungal species of different composts. In this work 4 entities of fungus are isolated at 37°C from compost. It also demonstrates that the quantitative and qualitative characterization of different samples of composts and fungal communities important for best agricultural application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an increased risk of developing endometrioid ovarian and endometrial cancer in patients with endometriosis and there are no definitive diagnostic biomarkers available for these three associated diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) from the tissue samples of endometriosis, endometrioid ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer to establish them as biomarkers for these diseases. Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each, i.e., endometriosis, endometrioid ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and control healthy endometrium were enrolled after obtaining ethical clearance. Differential expression of miR-16, miR-20a, miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-143, and miR-145 and some of their target genes, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to predict the diagnostic potential. Results: miR-16 and miR-20a were significantly downregulated, whereas miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-143 were significantly upregulated in all three diseased samples. miR-145 was significantly upregulated in endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer but significantly downregulated in endometrial cancer. mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF1A, COX2, and TNF were significantly increased in all three diseased samples as compared to control samples. ROC curve analysis revealed that for endometriosis, miR-99b, and miR-125a were giving highest area under curve (AUC) (0.950 and 0.733, respectively), for endometrioid carcinoma of ovary miR-143 was giving highest AUC (0.933) and for endometrioid endometrial cancer miR-16 (AUC = 0.815), miR-99b (AUC = 0.920), and miR-145 (AUC = 0.985) were found to be best predictors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that these miRNAs can act as good predictors and discriminators of these three diseases and might serve as potential biomarkers for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an increased risk of developing endometrioid ovarian and endometrial cancer in patients with endometriosis and there are no definitive diagnostic biomarkers available for these three associated diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) from the tissue samples of endometriosis, endometrioid ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer to establish them as biomarkers for these diseases.Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each, i.e., endometriosis, endometrioid ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and control healthy endometrium were enrolled after obtaining ethical clearance. Differential expression of miR-16, miR-20a, miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-143, and miR-145 and some of their target genes, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to predict the diagnostic potential.Results: miR-16 and miR-20a were significantly downregulated, whereas miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-143 were significantly upregulated in all three diseased samples. miR-145 was significantly upregulated in endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer but significantly downregulated in endometrial cancer. mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF1A, COX2, and TNF were significantly increased in all three diseased samples as compared to control samples. ROC curve analysis revealed that for endometriosis, miR-99b, and miR-125a were giving highest area under curve (AUC) (0.950 and 0.733, respectively), for endometrioid carcinoma of ovary miR-143 was giving highest AUC (0.933) and for endometrioid endometrial cancer miR-16 (AUC = 0.815), miR-99b (AUC = 0.920), and miR-145 (AUC = 0.985) were found to be best predictors.Conclusion: These findings suggest that these miRNAs can act as good predictors and discriminators of these three diseases and might serve as potential biomarkers for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ficus L., commonly known as Fig, is a member of the family Moraceae (mulberry family) comprises 37 genera and approximately 1,100 species distributed in diverse ecosystems, especially in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The Ficus genus stands out as a keystone resource provider in many tropical forests, which is probably because of continuous nonseasonal fruiting in many species. It is one of the largest genera in the angiosperms about 750 species. The present study was carried out in the Forest Research Institute (FRI) campus, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India. The phytodiversity of Ficus L. and their socio-economic values worked out during the investigation, religious-spiritual attachment, food of wild animals, ethnomedicinal and timber significance. There were 16 species of Ficus L. recorded from New Forest, FRI, Dehradun based on the morphological observations of taxonomically significant characteristics. The species found in FRI New Forest Dehradun were, Ficus benjamina, F. religiosa, F. racemosa, F. rumphii, F. retusa, F. krishnae, F. elastica, F. virens, F. semicordata, F. auriculata, F. hispida, F. pumila, F. palmata, F. drupacea, F. benghalensis, F. pomifera. Out of the notified 16 species of Ficus, 11 species were trees, 3 shrubs and 2 climbers in nature. The maximum leaf size (30×27cm2) was reported in F. auriculata, followed by F. semicordata (28×10cm2), F. benghalensis (25×11cm2). However, minimum leaf size was noticed in F. benjamina (4×2cm²) and F. retusa (4×3cm2). Among, 15 species, axillary fig (fruit) arrangement was observed, while one species (F. racemosa) has stem position of fruits. The current finding is itself a pioneer study to present a glimpse of such immense species diversity of single genera from sub-valley areas and will be a milestone for future studies in conservation and management of these wild varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 is the most recent zoonotic outbreak of coronaviruses. Mostly, it invades the cells of the respiratory system by binding to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is also present in other organs like the kidney, testis, ovaries, breast, heart, and intestine, rendering them prone to be infected. The reproductive potential is a must for the sustenance of any species and it is our prime duty to safeguard the reproductive system of the present generation from such a deadly virus. The previously reported coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) had a detrimental impact on reproductive organs. There is a dearth of sufficient research to provide substantial evidence for the harmful effects of this novel virus on the reproductive system. Hence, our review compiles the knowledge available until now to boost research in this regard and to take the necessary steps in time. Here we tried to compile all the data available on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the reproductive system as well as vertical transmission of the virus. All related articles published from February to August 2020 were reviewed and thoroughly analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to affect the sperm concentration and motility, thus degrading the fertility of males. In females, it is suspected that this virus affects the oocyte quality and ovarian function, resulting in infertility or miscarriage. Traces of SARS-CoV-2 virus have also been found in the breast milk of the infected mothers and the semen of infected males. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has also been reported in some cases. Conclusion: Based on the literature review, SARS-CoV-2 seems to have the potential of affecting both male and female reproductive tracts. This review brings together the findings and observations made in the area of reproductive health during the current pandemic. The reproductive system of the young population is preordained for subsequent disorders, infertility, reduced sperm count, and motility. Therefore, the research and medical practices should focus on possible vulnerability being posed by SARS-CoV-2 to the gametes and future generations. We, hereby, recommend close monitoring of young and pregnant COVID-19 patients concerning reproductive health with utmost priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simplified approach for the fabrication of Co-CP nanoparticles has been reported. • Nanozyme-based colorimetric detection for Fe(II) ions is devised. • Sensing evidenced peroxide-reductase mimicking activity for Co-CP NPs. • The mechanism for the reported detection method is described using XPS and zeta analysis. • The practical utility is examined using real sample analysis. Nanozyme based sensors have evolved as an equable and productive approach for detecting obnoxious metal ions in water samples. A coherent and methodical outlook for nanozymatic sensors is provided in this work. A Co(II) based coordination polymer [Co(L) 1.5 (ac) 3 ] n named Co-CP, (L = N, N-(benzo-3,8-phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)diisonicotinamide and ac = CH 3 COO–) has been synthesized in this paper. Co(II) based coordination polymer nanoparticles (Co-CP NPs) constructed by using hand grinding process stimulates the nanozymatic action due to increased surface area and exposure of catalytically active sites. The fabricated Co-CP NPs were characterized using various sophisticated analytical techniques such as SCXRD, HRTEM, FESEM, PXRD etc. The NPs thus formed were about 27 nm in size and pertain porous sites. The Co-CP NPs exhibited peroxido-reductase mimicking activity for TMB(3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine) oxidation. The catalytic action of the Co-CP NPs was utilized to detect Fe(II) ion selectively with a detection limit of 0.66 µM. The kinetics for the study were described using Michaelis-Menten curve. The K m and V max values for H 2 O 2 and Co-CP NPs were analyzed further to access the catalytic action of Co-CP NPs. XPS and zeta potential analysis were evidenced to elucidate the detection mechanism. The compatibility and practicality of the present method was also assured by actual water samples from different sources that showed good recovery percentage. Therefore, an economical, manageable and equable approach for using CPs as a sensing tool is provided hereby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria, a mosquito borne disease responsible for substantial health and economic costs throughout the developing world. During transition from human host to insect vector, the parasites undergo profound changes in morphology, host cell tropism and gene expression. Unique among eukaryotes, Plasmodium differentiation through each stage of development includes differential expression of singular, stage-specific ribosomal RNAs, permitting real-time adaptability to major environmental changes. In the mosquito vector, these Plasmodium parasites respond to changes in temperature by modulating transcriptional activities, allowing real-time responses to environmental cues. Here, we identify a novel form of long noncoding RNA: a temperature-regulated untranslated lncRNA (tru-lncRNA) that influences the Plasmodium parasite's ability to respond to changes in its local environment. Expression of this tru-lncRNA is specifically induced by shifts in temperature from 37 °C to ambient temperature that parallels the transition from mammalian host to insect vector. Interestingly, deletion of tru-lncRNA from the genome may prevent processing of S-type rRNA thereby affecting the protein synthesis machinery. Malaria prevention and mitigation strategies aimed at disrupting the Plasmodium life cycle will benefit from the characterization of ancillary biomolecules (including tru-lncRNAs) that are constitutively sensitive to micro- environmental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catharanthus roseus (L) a popular ornamental plant found in garden, home across the worldwhich is recognized in Ayurveda. Catharanthus is well known due to antitumor, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-mutagenic effects. It produces alkaloids, vincristine vinblastine, ajmalicine, reserpine, serpentine, catharanthaine, lochherin, lochnericine, vinorelbin extract from these plants used in disease treatment. Application of Catharanthus roseus it used treatment of asthma, blood pressure, manstruation cycle, malaria etc. Plants have proved to be significant natural resources for effective chemotherapeutic agents and offering a broad spectrum of activity with greater emphasis on preventive action. The antimicrobial activity has been checked against microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Rhizopusarrhizus, Aspergillus sydowi, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The strongest inhibition activity of the leaf extract was observed against B. subtilis, (20 mm zone) by Aspergillus sydowi, which is 21 mm zone of inhibition. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical screening reveals the presence of terpenoids, carbohydrate alkaloids, phenol, glycoside are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leigh Syndrome (LS) is a rare, hereditary progressive neurodegenerative disorder of infancy or early childhood associated with a highly variable clinical presentation even among siblings. Further, genetic heterogeneity makes its diagnosis complicated. Its causative genetic variations are notified in some of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Here, we report an atypical case of LS in a 9-year-old boy associated with a novel variation in MT-ATP6 gene. The atypical findings were Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification (BGC) and late survival age in the patient. Analyses of the Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing (WMGS) results of the recruited patient and his mother at different read coverage, first at 100× and later repeated at 500×, revealed a novel disease-associated variation in the already known disease-associated MT-ATP6 gene. In conclusion, the present study indicates amalgamation of both neuro-imaging and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies aiding the proper diagnosis of LS in atypical cases. • 9-year-old boy presented with neurological complaints. • Finally diagnosed with atypical mitochondrial form of Leigh syndrome after clinical, radiological and genetic screening. • The atypical findings in the patient were his survival age and observation of dense bilateral signal abnormalities indicating calcification in the caudate nuclei on his brain CT. • Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing revealed a novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial variation m.8936T>A in MT-ATP6 gene in both patient and his mother but with different allele counts. A higher variation load of m.8936T>A variation in the patient than his mother can be concluded as disease-causing. • This case report emphasises the use of both neuro-imaging and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies for the proper diagnosis of LS in atypical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have explored the effect of shear force on aggregate size, the secondary structure of proteins, and the viscosity of protein bovine serum albumin solution. The size of protein aggregates and secondary structures of the protein are dependent on the external variables such as temperature, the magnitude of shear, time of shearing, and process of applying shear. The process of application of shear, which can be continuous or intermittent periodic stoppage, can control the characteristics of aggregates of BSA. The viscosity of the protein solution is expected to depend on the size of the aggregates. We have proposed a mechanism of the association of BSA molecules leading to the formation of aggregates. Small aggregates at 40 °C are formed through the interaction of side chains, while bigger aggregates formed at 60 °C through β-sheet interaction. The indication of the opening of the BSA molecules at an intermediate temperature is confirmed by the appearance of more side chain and random coil. The shear leads to a highly anisotropic structure at a temperature beyond 60 °C and leads to the higher hydrodynamic radius. This makes the solution to undergo transition from dilute to semi-dilute regime and increase in viscosity by a factor fourfold. Subsequently, we have shown that the viscosity depends on the proportion of β-sheet within the aggregate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, citrate precursor technology has been used in the lab to create BaY x Fe 12- x O 19 , where x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2. Fourier Transform Infrared and UV spectroscopy and Powder X-ray Diffraction have all been utilized to determine the structure and to confirm the phase formation.XRD confirmed the formation of hexagonal structure where lattice parameters a and c decreased from 5.88 Å to 5.81 Å and 23.19 Å to 23.17 Å, respectively, with the increase in doping concentration.Tauc plot facilitate with the values of energy gap for all the prepared samples, which is in decreasing order with increase in doping concentration for 4.48 eV–4.38 eV. An increase in magnetization value from 8.77 emu/g - 26.22 emu/g for doping of Y from x = 0.0–0.20 has been observed from magnetization versus magnetic field data taken from vibrating sample magnetometer. The main objective of this work is to study the antibacterial activity of the Y doped BaFe 12 O 19 against gram positive Staphylococcus aureusas well as gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli. All the prepared samples have shown the antimicrobial effect at all the concentration with MIC value ranging from 0.55 to 0.80 mg/ml.Thus, the present study explores the potential applications of Y-doped Barium hexaferrites in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is focused on the replacement of Fe 3+ ions by rare-earth Nd 3+ ions and their influence on the cations distribution, structural, magnetic and Mössbauer properties of Mg-Mn nanoferrites. Nanosized Nd-doped Mg-Mn nanoferrites, Mg 0.9 Mn 0.1 Nd x Fe 2−x O 4 , where x = 0.1, 0.2 & 0.3, were successfully synthesized for the first time through solution combustion technique. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of single phase nature of the synthesized nanoferrites. Williamsons-Hall plots were used to obtain the particle size and strain while the lattice parameter was obtained from Nelson-Riley plots. The particle size was observed to decrease (19.2–13.5 nm) while lattice parameter was observed to increase (8.373–8.391 Å) with the incorporation of Nd 3+ ions. Cation distribution between the tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (B-site) was estimated by using the X-ray diffraction method & magnetization technique. The estimated cation distribution was used to investigate the detailed structural parameters. Room temperature M−H study revealed a decrease of saturation magnetization (10.15–1.83 emu/g) and an increase in coercivity (22.86–27.19 Oe) with the increasing substitution of Nd 3+ ions. Magnetic results obtained in the present study indicated that the synthesized nanoferrites can be a useful candidate for electromagnet applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface energy, a macroscopic property, depends on the chemical functionality and micro- and macroscopic roughness of the surface. The adsorption of two widely used proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme on surfaces of four different chemical functionalities were done to find out the interrelation between macroscopic and microscopic properties. We have observed the secondary structure of protein after its adsorption. In addition, we observed the variation of surface energy of proteins due to variation in adsorption time, change in protein concentration and effect of a mixture of proteins. Surfaces of three different chemical functionalities namely, amine, hydroxyl and octyl were obtained through self-assembled monolayer on silica surfaces and were tested for responses towards adsorption of lysozyme and BSA. The adsorbed lysozyme has higher surface energy than the adsorbed BSA on amine and octyl surfaces. On hydroxyl functional surface, the surface energy due to the adsorbed lysozyme or BSA increases slowly with time. The surface energy of the adsorbed protein increases gradually with increasing protein concentration on hydrophobic surfaces. On hydrophilic surfaces, with increasing BSA concentration in bulk solution, the surface energy of the adsorbed protein on GPTMS and amine surfaces is maximum at 1 μM concentration. During the adsorption from a mixture of BSA and lysozyme on octyl surface, first lysozyme adsorbs and subsequent BSA adsorption leads to a high surface energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of roughness of two different categories of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with propyl amine and propyl groups respectively on the morphology of adsorbed insulin is observed. SAMs are obtained by liquid phase reaction of silica with organo silane coupling agents (SCA). The influence of the morphology and physical characteristics of the SAMs on the reaction time and concentration of the modifiers are explored. We have tested three SCA containing propyl amine with varying groups linked to Si present on it. In addition, we have used a silane coupling agent to prepare SAM of methyl head group. The approach of these molecules towards the surface depends on the head group and the groups linked to Si of the SCA. The morphology of the surfaces is analysed using power spectral density distribution (PSD), skewness, ellipsometry thickness and surface energy. Both chemical nature and physical morphology of the adsorbent influence the morphology of the adsorbed insulin. In general, a low number of aggregates of big size are formed on the surfaces obtained from low concentration of SAMs, while a higher number but of smaller size of aggregates are formed over surfaces obtained from 1% concentration of SAMs modifiers. The peak to valley ratio of the aggregates of insulin is strongly influenced by the size of grains of SCA over the adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To replicate the association of newly identified variants of TMEM163 (transmembrane protein 163) and COBLL1 (cordon-bleu protein-like 1) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Northwest Indian population.Methods: We performed a replication study of variants rs998451 and rs6723108 of gene TMEM163 and rs7607980 of gene COBLL1. The variations were genotyped using Taqman allele discrimination assay in 1209 Northwest Indians (651 T2D cases and 558 controls). The association of each SNP with the disease was evaluated using logistic regression.Results: All the three SNPs examined in this study did not show any significant association with T2D. For rs998451 and rs6723108 of TMEM163 the observed odds ratios were 0.71 with a 95% CI of 0.28-1.84 (p=0.484) and 1.80 with a 95% CI of 0.74-4.40 (p=0.196), respectively. For rs7607980 the estimated odds ratio was 1.01 with 95% CI of 0.70-1.44 (p=0.946).Conclusion: We conclude that lack of association could be because of population structure of Indian Population that is conglomeration of various ethnic groups. For a conclusive association study of T2D in India, it is critical that such studies are carried out among endogamous ethnic groups rather than conventional practice of pooling samples based on Geographical/regional or linguist affiliations like Asian Indian, North or South Indian etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of chemiresistive ammonia (NH 3) sensors has attracted considerable attention for health monitoring applications. In this study, we fabricated two-dimensional (2D) tungsten disulfide (WS 2) nanosheets decorated with tin oxide (SnO 2) quantum dots for detecting NH 3 gas. We tuned the WS 2 nanosheet:SnO 2 quantum dot ratio to achieve the maximum interfacial area to enhance the sensitivity of NH 3 detection. First, the liquid-phase exfoliation process for WS 2 was optimized to prepare a stable, high-concentration dispersion comprising 5–6 layers of WS 2 nanosheets. Furthermore, SnO 2 quantum dots interfaced with WS 2 nanosheets at different ratios were prepared to fabricate NH 3 sensors. The maximum response of the WS 2 /SnO 2 heterostructure to 10 ppm NH 3 was ∼850 % for a WS 2 :SnO 2 ratio of 10:1, which exceeds the response of previously reported NH 3 sensors. This superior response led to high sensitivity (∼175 % ppm−1) at low NH 3 concentrations and a low limit of detection (∼10 ppb). The electron transfer at the WS 2 -SnO 2 interface has been discussed by studying the bond formation between WS 2 and SnO 2 at different ratios. This insight into the sensing mechanism could be useful for the development of heterostructured sensors, which can be implemented for NH 3 detection in industrial and medical fields. [Display omitted] • The ratio of WS 2 :SnO 2 hybrids was optimized for the maximum response to NH 3 vapor. • The sensor shows the maximum response of ∼850 % for 10 ppm NH 3 at room temperature. • Insight of charge transfer-based sensing mechanism has been discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica can be a hindrance to wheat trade as the fungal disease is known to affect the quality of the grain. As a breeding strategy, a set of eight near isogenics lines (NILs) and backcross derived recombinant inbred lines (micro-RILs) were developed in the background of PBW 343 and WH542 for Karnal bunt resistance over a period of time. The donor stocks resistant to Karnal bunt used in the study were ALDAN 'S' / IAS 58, CMH 77.308, H567.7I, HD29, HP1531, W485 and their derived lines KBRL 22 and KBRL 57. Effective method for screening to Karnal bunt was standardized and used for identification of resistant lines across many seasons. Some of the identified lines evaluated for yield were found to be equivalent to the high yielding parents and the commercially grown check varieties. These developed lines will serve as a basic material for production of Karnal bunt free wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early or timely initiation of breastfeeding is crucial in preventing newborn deaths and influences childhood nutrition however remains low in South Asia and the factors and barriers warrant greater consideration for improved action. This review synthesises the evidence on factors and barriers to initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth in South Asia encompassing Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Methods: Studies published between 1990 and 2013 were systematically reviewed through identification in Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Twenty-five studies meeting inclusion criteria were included for review. Structured thematic analysis based on leading frameworks was undertaken to understand factors and barriers. Results: Factors at geographical, socioeconomic, individual, and health-specific levels, such as residence, education, occupation, income, mother's age and newborn's gender, and ill health of mother and newborn at delivery, affect early or timely breastfeeding initiation in South Asia. Reported barriers impact through influence on acceptability by traditional feeding practices, priests' advice, prelacteal feeding and discarding colostrum, mother-in-law's opinion; availability and accessibility through lack of information, low access to media and health services, and misperception, support and milk insufficiency, involvement of mothers in decision making. Conclusions: Whilst some barriers manifest similarly across the region some factors are context-specific thus tailored interventions are imperative. Initiatives halting factors and directed towards contextual barriers are required for greater impact on newborn survival and improved nutrition in the South Asia region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loose smut of wheat, caused byUstilago segetum tritici, occurs in India wherever the crop is grown. Chemical seed treatments used by seed producers and farmers result in a low incidence of the disease. However, the deployment of loose smut resistant cultivars could lead to reduced use of seed treatment chemicals in the wheat crop. Knowledge of the virulence of natural populations ofU. segetum triticiis necessary to identify effective host genes for resistance. Since the late 1980s, there have been sporadic reports on the virulence characteristics of theU. segetum triticipopulation in India, but the current status is unknown. Thirty-five isolates ofU. segetum triticiwere collected from cultivars grown at various locations in five states of northwestern India from 2008–2011. The collected isolates were characterized for virulence on the standard Canadian differential set developed by Nielsen. The isolates represented 6 races, representing 43% of the 35 isolates, with race T34 being the most common. Two new races, T59 and T60, were identified. Two individual isolates collected fromTriticum aestivumrepresenting 2 different races, T1 and T57, originated from geographically diverse regions. Race T1 is from Mansa (210 m above mean sea level) and T57 from Palampur (1220 m above mean sea level). The isolates corresponding to the other races were not restricted to a particular area or wheat type. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Removal of heavy metal ions has received considerable attention due to the toxicological effects of these ions on ecosystem, human health and agriculture. Commercially activated carbon is widely used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastes though its cost is a restricting factor. The present study explores the effectiveness of activated carbon obtained from sources other than wood, such as corncob and coconut shell for the removal of cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous wastes. Batch scale equilibrium adsorption studies were carried out for the removal of cadmium and chromium ions on the activated carbon obtained by pyrolysis. Adsorption studies were carried out at various pH values and for a range of initial concentrations of cadmium and chromium. Higher iodine value for activated carbon obtained at 800°C from coconut shell compared to corncob suggests that the use of coconut shell may be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High throughput process development (HTPD) platforms provide time and resource effective solutions for optimization of resin as well as membrane based chromatography processes. They enable successful implementation of Quality by Design by allowing us to investigate more variables and wider ranges than would be possible using traditional lab-scale based experiments. This paper presents an investigation about non-specific protein adsorption that was found to occur on the membrane disks used in a commercially available high throughput device. Both qualitative as well as quantitative analytical tools were used in this investigation. Two biotherapeutic protein molecules, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and Transtuzumab were selected as model proteins in this study. Qualitative assessment was performed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). An empirical model based on contact angle measurement was developed for quantitative assessment of the amount of adsorbed protein. The results indicated that while significant non-specific adsorption was observed in case of highly hydrophobic GCSF molecule, adsorption was minimal in the case of Transtuzumab. The paper proposes a novel use of contact angle measurement for quantitative estimation of adsorbed protein. The study also highlights the importance of accounting for non-specific adsorption when using these HTPD devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Various fungi play a crucial part in the decomposition of organic materials during composting, which is a cost-effective process of converting various unstable and complicated organic substances into a stable and humus-like substance. Composting is the regulated transformation of wastes and biodegradable organic materials into stable products with the help of microbes. Although composting has been around for a while, it still has significant drawbacks that limit how widely it is utilized and how effectively it works. Microbes detection, nutrient status that is low, a lengthy composting process, a lengthy mineralization process, and odor creation are some of the drawbacks. The consumption of synthetic chemical fertilizers can be decreased through composting. These fertilizers are used to feed crops with the macroand micronutrients they need. The current study explains how to compost quickly, biodegradable solid wastes without endangering the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally from tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a significant perennial grass of the Poaceae family. Due to the high yielding plant's valuable medical and economic products, it is grown all over the world. Sugarcane juice is widely recognized as a raw material for the manufacturing of refined sugar. Although the main end result of sugarcane juice is refined sugar, additional important products including brown sugar, molasses and jaggery can also be produced during processing. In India, sugarcane juice is frequently used to cure urinary illnesses such anuria, dysuria, bleeding, and jaundice. In the present work, the many phytoconstituents and health advantages of sugarcane and its useful products are fatty acids, alcohol, phytosterols, higher terpenoids, flavonoids, -O- and -C-glycosides phenolic acids and its derivatives have been found in sugarcane leaves, juice and wax. The wax from sugarcane juice is being studied as a possible replacement for pricey carnauba wax, which has aesthetic and medicinal uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the involvement of the receptor gene for advanced glycation (RAGE), its ligand EN-RAGE, and COX-2 in endometriosis.Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of the corresponding genes were determined from endometriotic cells from 28 study patients and healthy endometrial stromal cells from 20 controls by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, using beta-actin as an invariant control.Results: The expression of COX-2, RAGE, and EN-RAGE was significantly increased, as evidenced by the significantly greater mRNA and protein expression in the cells of the study patients (P<0.001). Previous treatment for endometriosis did not lessen mRNA and protein expression (P<0.001).Conclusion: Our findings strengthen the hypothesis of an underlying inflammation in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and suggest exploring anti-inflammatory therapies as adjunct treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the involvement of 8-iso-PGF2α and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH-Chol) in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Design: Observational case-control study using enzyme immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Setting: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Patient(s): Forty-five women undergoing laparoscopy (n = 25), laparotomy (n = 19), or tubal ligation (n =1). Intervention(s): Venipuncture and laparoscopic peritoneal fluid (PF) collection. Main Outcome Measure(s): The levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were determined both in urine and PF of all the patients using enzyme immunoassay. The levels of 25-OH-Chol were determined by using reversed phase HPLC both in the plasma and PF samples. Oxidative damage to DNA was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Result(s): Significantly increased levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were observed both in urine and PF of women with endometriosis compared with control women. Similarly, higher levels of 25-OH-Chol were observed both in plasma and PF of patients compared with controls and the difference was statistically significant. A clear-cut tailing pattern was observed in DNA of patients with endometriosis, indicating significant DNA damage. Conclusion(s): Our observations implicate oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. For the first time, we demonstrate that 8-iso-PGF2α and oxysterols (the known promoters of steroidogenesis) might be the culprits in this disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study was conducted under field condition of Front Line Demonstration (FLD) program for the period 2008- 2015, where mortality ranged from 75-85 percent in buffalo calves from birth to one year age. The training program was organised for 2250 farmers and dairy calves management and adoption of deworming with standard proven dewormers. In the FLD program, 1289 demonstration on deworming with were given to 808 livestock owners. The farmers were given demonstration at their door step on adoption of deworming in comparison to their age old practice of drenching butter milk with salt to minimize worm load. Protective deworming with Oxyclozanide and Levamisole suspension Fenbendazole and Praziquantel suspension/ tablets at the age of 07-10 days, 30-35 days, 80-85 days and 200-210 days post birth caused effective gain 22.50-27.30 percent in body weight and reduction in mortality 79-85 percent in protected calves. The role of scheduled deworming of buffalo calves is clearly showed it positive impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three herbaceous species of Phyllanthus L. namely P. fraternus L., P. urinaria L. and P. simplex Retz. form overlapping populations in and around Jammu during April-October. All are monoecious and unique in placement of flowers beneath leaf axils. Flowers are small, nectariferous and not amenable to major pollinators. Ants are involved in pollen transfer in these species. Three species visit the plants, these belong to genus Camponotus and Monomorium. Although all the three plants species represent a typical case of ant-plant mutualism, they differ in their dependence on ants for successful fruit set. P. simplex is totally dependent on ants, while P. urinaria and P. fraternus take the help of wind also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is aimed at an investigation of the propagation of elasto-thermodiffusive (ETN) surface waves in a homogenous isotropic, thermoelastic semiconductor material half-space underlying a viscous or inviscid fluid half-space or layer of finite thickness with varying temperature. The relaxation times of heat and charge carrier fields are also taken into consideration during the study. The secular equation that governs the propagation of elasto-thermodiffusive surface (interfacial) waves in the considered composite structures has been derived in compact form after obtaining the general wave solution of the model. Some particular forms of the general secular equation are also deduced and investigated. Numerical solution of secular equation and other relevant relations is carried out for silicon (Si) semiconductor material under different situations with the help of functional iteration numerical technique along with the irreducible case of Cardano's method. The computer-simulated results in respect of dispersion curves, attenuation coefficient, specific loss factor of energy dissipation and relative frequency shift due to loading are presented graphically to illustrate the analytical development. The results have been determined and compared with relevant publications available in the literature at appropriate stages of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat, caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, is a challenge to the grain industry, owing not to direct yield loss but to quarantine regulations that may restrict international movement of affected grain. Several different sources of resistance to KB have been reported. Understanding the genetics of resistance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into new wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with KB resistance and to identify DNA markers in two recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses of the susceptible cultivar WH542 with resistant lines HD29 and W485. Populations were evaluated for resistance against the KB pathogen for 3 years at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Two new QTLs ( Qkb.ksu-5BL.1 and Qkb.ksu-6BS.1) with resistance alleles from HD29 were identified and mapped in the intervals Xgdm116– Xwmc235 on chromosome 5B (deletion bin 5BL9-0.76-0.79) and Xwmc105– Xgwm88 on chromosome 6B (C-6BS5-0.76). They explained up to 19 and 13% of phenotypic variance, respectively. Another QTL ( Qkb.ksu-4BL.1) with a resistance allele from W485 mapped in the interval Xgwm6– Xwmc349 on chromosome 4B (4BL5-0.86-1.00) and explained up to 15% of phenotypic variance. Qkb.ksu-6BS.1 showed pairwise interactions with loci on chromosomes 3B and 6A. Markers suitable for marker-assisted selection are available for all three QTLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three new RP-type phases of the composition Sr3Fe1.7Nb0.3O7, Sr3Fe1.4Nb0.6O7 and Sr3FeNbO7 have been synthesized by the standard ceramic method. Their structure has been determined by Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction data. The phases take up RP-type structure in the space group 14/mmm. The MO6 polyhedron is distorted. The study of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature suggests that these undergo insulator–metal transition. The magnetic susceptibility data show that the phases are anti-ferromagnetic in nature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The genetics of Karnal bunt (KB) resistance were studied in populations derived from crosses of four resistant stocks (HD 29, W 485, ALDAN ‘S’/IAS 58, H 567.71/ 3*PAR) and a highly susceptible cultivar, WH 542. The plant materials screened for KB response consisted of F2, BC1 and RILs from all ‘Resistant’בSusceptible’ crosses and RILs from the six possible ‘Resistant’ × ‘Resistant’ crosses as well as the parents and F1s. The screening was performed under optimal conditions for disease development with a mixture of isolates from North Western Plains of India using the widely followed syringe method of inoculation. The KB scores of the F1 from the four ‘Resistant’ × ‘Susceptible’ crosses indicated partial dominance of resistance. Genetic analysis revealed that HD 29, W485 and ALDAN ‘S’/IAS 58 each carried two resistance genes whereas 3 genes were indicated in H 567.71/3*PAR. The six ‘Resistant × Resistant’ RIL sets showed that the genes in the four resistant stocks were different and that there may be as many as nine genes governing KB resistance in the four parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histones play important role in DNA packaging, replication and gene expression. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of histone 2B (PvH2B) gene from the most common but non-cultivable human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. The isolated cDNA clone of PvH2B was allowed to express in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The expressed PvH2B protein showed DNA-binding properties on the South-Western analysis and the confocal microscopy localized it in the parasite nucleus. This gene is actively expressed during blood stages of the parasite and all P. vivax patients produced antibodies against the protein. The mRNA of PvH2B was found to contain a poly(A) tail at its 3′ end, unlike abundant mRNA of human H2B. The encoded polypeptide is 118 amino acid long contains a nuclear targeting site, a signature motif of H2B and showed 74% homology to its host molecule. The structure of PvH2B showed that it has certain differences from that of its host at critical functional sites (viz acetylation, methylation, trypsin cleavage, DNA-binding and inter-histone interaction) which are required for general gene expression and DNA packaging. The distinctive structural features of P. vivax H2B described here may help in designing the specific antimalarial drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new Ruddlesden–Popper (RP)-type phase Sr3MnTiO7-δ has been synthesised by the standard ceramic method. Its crystal structure has been solved by Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. The X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the phase crystallizes in the tetragonal unit cell with the space group 14/mmm. Study of electrical resistivity, as a function of temperature, suggests that the conduction in the temperature range 100–300 K occurs by variable range hopping mechanism. Magnetic moment of the phase is of the order of 4.45 BM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Malaria transmission is dependent on the development of sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum, called gametocytes, in the vertebrate host. Pfg27 is an abundantly expressed sexual stage-specific protein that is essential for gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum. We describe the crystal structure of Pfg27, which reveals a novel fold composed of two pseudo dyad-related repeats of the helix-turn-helix motif. Structurally equivalent helices of each repeat either form a dimer interface or interact with RNA in vitro. One side of the dimer presents an unprecedented juxtaposition of four polyproline (PXXP) motifs. Preliminary binding data indicate that these sites are capable of binding Src homology-3 (SH3) modules. Molecular modeling suggests that the dimer can accommodate two SH3 modules simultaneously, potentially enabling molecular crosstalk between SH3-containing proteins. The structural and initial biochemical evidence suggests that Pfg27 may serve as a platform for RNA and SH3 binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PUC2 Luminescent Probe: utilizing MOF PUC2 for TNT detection. • Sensitivity: achieving a 0.145 μM detection limit. • pH Adaptability: effective in pH 4–11 aqueous environments. • Distinctive Blue Emission: vivid blue light enhances accuracy. • Quenching Mechanisms: PET and FRET for sensitivity. The existence of nitroaromatic compounds, specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), in water reservoirs poses significant health risks, necessitating robust detection and monitoring strategies. In this study, we leverage the exceptional properties of the previously synthesized metal-organic framework (MOF), PUC2 as a highly luminescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of TNT in aqueous media. PUC2 exhibits remarkable luminescence, emitting a vivid blue light, making it an ideal candidate for TNT detection. Our investigations reveal that PUC2 demonstrates outstanding sensitivity, achieving an impressive detection limit of 0.145 μM towards TNT which can be attributed to the robust probe-analyte interactions evident from the quenching constant (Ksv) value of 0.18 × 104 M −1. An intriguing aspect of PUC2 is its adaptability to a wide pH range, maintaining its sensing capabilities effectively in aqueous phase with pH levels ranging from 4 to 11. The predominant quenching mechanism in this context appears to be photoinduced electron transfer (PET), with an additional enhancement through Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The unique combination of structural features and exceptional sensing capabilities of PUC2 opens up new avenues for environmental monitoring and security applications, highlighting its potential as a highly effective luminescent sensor for detecting hazardous substances like TNT. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 52nd Wheat and Barley Workers' Meeting organized by the All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project (AICW&BIP) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), an organization, that was held in India in 2014. Topics discussed include increasing production and productivity of wheat and barley, wheat varieties, and progress of research in peninsular and southern hill zones.

Ovarian cancer (OC), a multifaceted and genetically heterogeneous malignancy is one of the most common cancers among women. The aim of the study is to unravel the genetic factors associated with OC and the extent of genetic heterogeneity in the populations of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).Using the high throughput Agena MassARRAY platform, present case control study was designed which comprises 200 histopathological confirmed OC patients and 400 age and ethnicity matched healthy controls to ascertain the association of previously reported eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spread over ten genes (DNMT3A, PIK3CA, FGFR2, GSTP1, ERCC5, AKT1, CASC16, CYP19A1, BCL2 and ERCC1) within the OC population of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The association of each variant was estimated using logistic regression analyses. Out of the 11 SNPs the odds ratio observed for three SNPs; rs2699887 was (1.72 at 95% CI: 1.19–2.48, p = 0.004), rs1695 was (1.87 at 95% CI: 1.28–2.71, p = 0.001), and rs2298881 was (0.66 at 95% CI: 0.46–0.96, p = 0.03) were found significantly associated with the OC after correction with confounding factors i.e. age & BMI. Furthermore, the estimation of interactive analyses was performed and odds ratio observed was 2.44 (1.72–3.47), p value < 0. 001 suggests that there was a strong existence of interplay between the selected genetic variants in OC, which demonstrate that interactive analysis highlights the role of gene–gene interaction that provides an insight among multiple little effects of various polymorphisms in OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]