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Fosfomycin (FOM, 2 g/day, p.o.) and Cephalexin (CEX, I g/day, p.o.) were administered to 132 cases of acute urinary tract infections, and the efficacy of these drugs was compared with double blind procedure. Except 2 drop-out cases, which bad not visited the hospital after the first administration of the drugs, I in FOM-group and I in CEX-group, the background of 130 cases were analyzed according to 33 articles, and it was to be satisfied in its uniformity as the subject of this trial. The final evaluation of therapeutic effect of each drug was decided according to the individual evaluation of the effect on urinary microorganism, urinary findings, and general status of the patient, except the side-effect. These results were analyzed statistically, and no significant difference was observed between these evaluations. Furthermore, X2-test, Wilcoxon's procedure, and calculation of several coefficients of correlation were carried out, but any significant difference between the action of these drugs could not be observed. As the side-effect, 6 of slight GI-tract symptoms, and increase in serum transaminase in 3 cases were observed in FOM-group, while, slight sickness in 2 cases, increase of serum transaminase in 4 cases, and increase of jaundice index in I case were observed in CEX-group, respectively. But all of these were slight and temporary, and these needed neither suspension of the drug administration nor some available therapies. With the results obtained above, it was concluded that FOM and CEX should have almost the same therapeutic effect on the simple acute urinary tract infections.

Comparative double blind trial of fosfomycin calcium (FOM) and carbenicillin indanyl sodium (I-CBPC) was performed in 72 patients of complicated urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas or Proteus species. Patients were treated orally for a week at a daily dose of 2 g of FOM or I-CBPC. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The background characteristics of two groups were statistically analyzed, and they were to be satisfied in their uniformity as the subject of this trial. 2. The degree of improvement of symptoms and urinary findings, and the change of bacterial count and species in urine were also compared and were not significantly different between the two groups. 3. The clinical effects were excellent in 4 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 15 cases, and poor in 11 cases out of 37 cases of the FOM group, and excellent in 4 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 11 cases, and poor in 8 cases out of 35 cases of the I-CBPC group. No significant difference was obtained between the two groups. 4. The incidence of adverse reactions was 2 out of 41 cases of the FOM group (4.9%) and lout of 43 cases of the I-CBPC group (2.3%), showing no significant difference. Considering the data described above, there was no significant difference between FOM and 1-CBPC groups on overall clinical efficacy, utility, improvement of symptoms and findings, and incidence of adverse reactions.

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new antibiotics, Doxycycline (DOT C) and Rolitetracycline (Roli-TC) with the use of intravenous administration in urinary tract infections, a well-controlled open study was carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1) Any significant difference between the efficancy of these two drugs in urinary tract infections could not be found with the statistical analysis using x2-test, direct probability, multiple regression analysis, and discriminant analysis with calculated sample score by quantification theory. 2) A simple mathematical values calculated on the efficacy of these drugs with the incidence of the significant or efficient therapeutic results were 56.5% in DOTC-group and 42.0% in Roli-TC-group. And the incidence of the side-effects, including anorexia, flare, slight increase of serum GOT and GPT, and 1 case of allergic hives, and 3 cases of paralysed feeling of the tongue, were 3.2% in DOTC-group and 7.8% in Roli-TC-group. Four cases in Roli-TC-group dropped out due to lack of post-administrative clinical data, including one case of exanthema as the side-effect.

Cefatrizine (S-640P, 1g/day, p.o.) and ampicillin (AB-PC, 1g/day, p.o.) were administered to 150 cases of acute urinary tract infections, and the efficacy of these drugs was compared with double blind procedure. Except 5 drop-out cases (2 in S-640P, and 3 in AB-PC), which had not visited the hospital after first administration of the drugs, the background of 145 cases were analyzed according to 33 articles, and it was to be satisfied in its uniformity as the subject of this trial. The final evaluation of therapeutic effect of each drug was decided according to the individual evaluation of the effect on urinary microorganism, urinary findings, and general status of the patients, except the side-effect. These results were analyzed statistically, and no significant difference was observed between these evaluations. Furthermore, x2-test, Wilcoxon's procedure, and calculation of several coefficients of correlation were carried out, but any significant difference between the action of these drugs could not be observed. As the side-effect, blister formation on the mucous membrane (1), exanthema (3), diarrhea (2), and slight increase of s-GOT and Al-P-ase (1) were observed in S-640P group; blister formation on mouth lip (1), decrease of neutrophilic leucocyte and increase of lymphocyte (1), exanthema (1), and increase of s-GOT, s-GPT and Al-P-ase (1) were found in AB-PC group. But all of these were slight and temporary, and these needed neither suspension of drug administration nor some available therapies. The clinical efficacy of S-640P was 74.0% on the 4th day of administration and 72.6% on the 8th day of administration, while the efficacy of AB-PC was 69.0% on the 4th day and 76.6% on the 8th day of administration. With the results obtained above, it was concluded that S-640P and AB-PC should have almost the same therapeutic effect on the simple acute urinary tract infections.

Renal tuberculosis experienced for past lOyears, 1959 to 1969 , was studied clinico-statistically. 1. Yearly decreasing incidence was noted. 2. There were 220 males and 174 fem a les. The fourth decade occupied 30.5 % , the fifth 27.4 %, the third 21.6 %, and the patients over 50 15.2 %. 3. The i n itial symptom most frequently seen was frequent urination due to vesical tuberculosis. 4. Right kidney was involved in 144, left in 133, and the both in 117. 5. History of extra-urinary tuberculosis was noted in 56.3 % (2 2 2/394). It comprised pleurisy (23.1 %), pulmonary (17.0 %), genital (11.4 %), bone and joint (8.6 %), and peritonitis (3.3 M. 6. Tuberculous complications in the male patients were predominantly those of the prostate and the epididymis reaching 53.6 %, followed by pulmonary and bone-joint tuberculosis. 7. Positive urinalysis was more frequent in the group which received no prev i ous chemotherapy than that received it. This was statistically significant. 8. Pyelograms of 394 cases could be classified acco r ding to Lattimer as follows : IV 210 (53.3 %), III 78 (19.8 %), II 72 (18.3 %), I 21 (5.3 %), and 0 13 (3.3 %). 9. 118 (30.0 %) were treated by chemotherapy only, and 276 (7 0 .0 %) received operative treatments. There were 167 nephrectomy, and others were partial nephrectomy, cavernotomy, nephrostomy, uretero-ureterostomy, uretero-vesicostomy, and even 18 ileocystoplasty (Scheele or Tasker).

The therapeutic effect of intravenously administered SB-Pc against intractable urinary tract infections was examined in the patients with indwelling urinary catheter just after various urological surgeries. Significant results were obtained in 18% and improved results were found in 73% of the cases respectively, after daily 4g SB-Pc for 5 to 9 days. On the other hand, small amount of SB-Pc (1g) was administered with relatively small amount (100 mg) of deoxykanamycin (DKB) for the similar cases, and significant results were obtained in 57% of them. SB-Pc was administered in the same way in the patients, in whom urinary infection was neglected preoperatively, and complete prevention of postoperative urinary infection could be confirmed in all the cases. The mixed administration of SB-Pc and DKB had brought the same results. Except a case of allergic eruption seen after administration of SB-Pc (8g), no serious side effect could be found

To clarify the therapeutic effect of vistamycin as the first-choice antibiotic for the urinary tract infection, 104 cases were examined under the schedule of double blind method. Kanamycin was used as the active placebo in this examination. As the results, vistamycin showed nearly the equivalent therapeutic effect for the clinical urinary tract infections and rather few incidence of side-effect compared with kanamycin. Satisfactory effect was found in 57 % (VSM) and 50 % (KM) of the case, while the side-effect was seen in 7 % (VSM) and 16 % (KM) of the cases. The main side-effect was eruption in the VSM group, and either decrease of PSP value or elevation of serum GOT and GPT in the KM group. But hearing disturbance could not be found in both groups. With the results obtained, VSM was evaluated as a valuable drug for the therapy of the urinary tract infection.