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1. A novel C-domain-dependent inhibition of the rainbow trout CMP-sialic acid synthetase activity by CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid

Author: Di Wu, Pierre-André Gilormini, Sakura Toda, Christophe Biot, Cédric Lion, Yann Guérardel, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima, Nagoya University, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Simon Fraser University [SFU.ca], and Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576
Subjects: CMP-Sialic acid synthetase, N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Sialic acid, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Mice, Deaminoneuraminic acid, Rainbow trout, CMAS, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cytidine Monophosphate, Sialic Acids, Animals, Neuraminic Acids, CSS, N-acetylneuraminic acid, Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; The CMP-sialic acid synthetase (CSS) activates free sialic acid (Sia) to CMP-Sia using CTP, and is prerequisite for the sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates. The vertebrate CSS consists of two domains, a catalytic N-domain and a non-catalytic C-domain. Although the C-domain is not required for the CSS enzyme to synthesize CMP-Sia, its involvement in the catalytic activity remains unknown. First, the real-time monitoring of CSS-catalyzed reaction was performed by P NMR using the rainbow trout CSS (rtCSS). While a rtCSS lacking the C-domain (rtCSS-N) similarly activated both deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the full-length rtCSS (rtCSS-FL) did not activate Kdn as efficiently as Neu5Ac. These results suggest that the C-domain of rtCSS affects the enzymatic activity, when Kdn was used as a substrate. Second, the enzymatic activity of rtCSS-FL and rtCSS-N was measured under various concentrations of CMP-Kdn. Inhibition by CMP-Kdn was observed only for rtCSS-FL, but not for rtCSS-N, suggesting that the inhibition was C-domain-dependent. Third, the inhibitory effect of CMP-Kdn was also investigated using the mouse CSS (mCSS). However, no inhibition was observed with mCSS even at high concentrations of CMP-Kdn. Taken together, the data demonstrated that the C-domain is involved in the CMP-Kdn-dependent inhibition of rtCSS, which is a novel regulation of the Sia metabolism in rainbow trout.
Published: 2022
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2. Exploring the Potential of β-Catenin O-GlcNAcylation by Using Fluorescence-Based Engineering and Imaging

Author: Kasprowicz, Angelina, Spriet, Corentin, Terryn, Christine, Rigolot, Vincent, Hardivillé, Stephan, Alteen, Matthew G., Lefebvre, Tony, Biot, Christophe, Université de Lille, LillOA, ULNE - - ULNE2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0004 - IDEX - VALID, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UAR 2014 - US 41 (PLBS), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), This study was supported by the French government through the Programme Investissement d’Avenir (I-SITE ULNE/ANR-16-IDEX-0004 ULNE) managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, I-SITE CLICKNFRET, ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UMS 2014 - US 41 (PLBS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UAR 2014 - US 41 [PLBS], Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire [PICT], Simon Fraser University [SFU.ca], and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: glycosylation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Green Fluorescent Proteins, Optical Imaging, Oligosaccharides, bioorthogonal chemistry, fluorescence, metabolic incorporation, GFP, β-catenin, Article, Acetylglucosamine, lcsh:QD241-441, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Metabolic Engineering, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, beta Catenin, HeLa Cells
Abstract: Monitoring glycosylation changes within cells upon response to stimuli remains challenging because of the complexity of this large family of post-translational modifications (PTMs). We developed an original tool, enabling labeling and visualization of the cell cycle key-regulator &beta, catenin in its O-GlcNAcylated form, based on intramolecular F&ouml, rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology in cells. We opted for a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on the dual-labeling of &beta, catenin with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) for protein sequence combined with a chemically-clicked imaging probe for PTM, resulting in a fast and easy to monitor qualitative FRET assay. We validated this technology by imaging the O-GlcNAcylation status of &beta, catenin in HeLa cells. The changes in O-GlcNAcylation of &beta, catenin were varied by perturbing global cellular O-GlcNAc levels with the inhibitors of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Finally, we provided a flowchart demonstrating how this technology is transposable to any kind of glycosylation.
Published: 2020
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3. On oracle-type local recovery guarantees in compressed sensing

Author: Simone Brugiapaglia, Claire Boyer, Ben Adcock, Department of Mathematics [Burnaby] (SFU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics ( Simon Fraser University ), Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation ( LPSM UMR 8001 ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Statistics and Probability, Numerical Analysis, Adaptive sampling, Computer science, Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT), Applied Mathematics, Sampling (statistics), Estimator, [MATH.MATH-IT]Mathematics [math]/Information Theory [math.IT], 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, [ MATH.MATH-IT ] Mathematics [math]/Information Theory [math.IT], Oracle, Haar wavelet, Compressed sensing, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Dimension (vector space), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Coherence (signal processing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Algorithm, Analysis
Abstract: We present improved sampling complexity bounds for stable and robust sparse recovery in compressed sensing. Our unified analysis based on $\ell ^1$ minimization encompasses the case where (i) the measurements are block-structured samples in order to reflect the structured acquisition that is often encountered in applications and (ii) the signal has an arbitrary structured sparsity, by results depending on its support $S$. Within this framework and under a random sign assumption, the number of measurements needed by $\ell ^1$ minimization can be shown to be of the same order than the one required by an oracle least-squares estimator. Moreover, these bounds can be minimized by adapting the variable density sampling to a given prior on the signal support and to the coherence of the measurements. We illustrate both numerically and analytically that our results can be successfully applied to recover Haar wavelet coefficients that are sparse in levels from random Fourier measurements in dimension one and two, which can be of particular interest in imaging problems. Finally, a preliminary numerical investigation shows the potential of this theory for devising adaptive sampling strategies in sparse polynomial approximation.
Published: 2018

4. The complexity of tropical graph homomorphisms

Author: Sylvain Legay, Yannis Manoussakis, Pavol Hell, Ararat Harutyunyan, Reza Naserasr, Florent Foucaud, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale (IRIF (UMR_8243)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes ( LIMOS ), Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 ( IMT ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -PRES Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ), Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique ( LRI ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale ( IRIF ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [ MATH ] Mathematics [math], [ INFO ] Computer Science [cs], Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, Graph canonization, Combinatorics, Graph power, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, FOS: Mathematics, Graph minor, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Graph homomorphism, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 0101 mathematics, Graph isomorphism, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Complement graph, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Discrete mathematics, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Voltage graph, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Petersen graph, Combinatorics (math.CO), Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics
Abstract: A tropical graph $(H,c)$ consists of a graph $H$ and a (not necessarily proper) vertex-colouring $c$ of $H$. Given two tropical graphs $(G,c_1)$ and $(H,c)$, a homomorphism of $(G,c_1)$ to $(H,c)$ is a standard graph homomorphism of $G$ to $H$ that also preserves the vertex-colours. We initiate the study of the computational complexity of tropical graph homomorphism problems. We consider two settings. First, when the tropical graph $(H,c)$ is fixed; this is a problem called $(H,c)$-COLOURING. Second, when the colouring of $H$ is part of the input; the associated decision problem is called $H$-TROPICAL-COLOURING. Each $(H,c)$-COLOURING problem is a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), and we show that a complexity dichotomy for the class of $(H,c)$-COLOURING problems holds if and only if the Feder-Vardi Dichotomy Conjecture for CSPs is true. This implies that $(H,c)$-COLOURING problems form a rich class of decision problems. On the other hand, we were successful in classifying the complexity of at least certain classes of $H$-TROPICAL-COLOURING problems., 27 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Compared to the published version, this version includes all proofs and some additional figures
Published: 2017
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5. Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen record. A model-data comparison

Author: Peyron, Odile, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, Brayshaw, David, Goring, Simon, Andrieu-Ponel, Valérie, Desprat, Stéphanie, Fletcher, Will, Gambin, Belinda, Ioakim, Chryssanthi, Joannin, Sébastien, Kotthoff, Ulrich, Kouli, Katerina, Montade, Vincent, Pross, Jörg, Sadori, Laura, Magny, Michel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Geosciences, Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Institute of Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Laboratoire de chrono-écologie ( LCE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Reading (UOR), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, Paleoclimatology -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, lcsh:Environmental protection, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, global and planetary change, stratigraphy, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, paleontology, Climatic changes -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Palynology -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Precipitation variability -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene
Abstract: Climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene exhibits strong spatial and temporal variability, which is notoriously difficult for models to reproduce. We propose here a new proxy-based climate synthesis synthesis and its comparison – at a regional (∼ 100 km) level – with a regional climate model to examine (i) opposing northern and southern precipitation regimes and (ii) an east-to-west precipitation dipole during the Holocene across the Mediterranean basin. Using precipitation estimates inferred from marine and terrestrial pollen archives, we focus on the early to mid-Holocene (8000 to 6000 cal yr BP) and the late Holocene (4000 to 2000 cal yr BP), to test these hypotheses on a Mediterranean-wide scale. Special attention was given to the reconstruction of season-specific climate information, notably summer and winter precipitation. The reconstructed climatic trends corroborate the north–south partition of precipitation regimes during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, relatively wet conditions occurred in the south–central and eastern Mediterranean regions, while drier conditions prevailed from 45° N northwards. These patterns then reverse during the late Holocene. With regard to the existence of a west–east precipitation dipole during the Holocene, our results show that the strength of this dipole is strongly linked to the reconstructed seasonal parameter; early-Holocene summers show a clear east–west division, with summer precipitation having been highest in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean and lowest over Italy and the western Mediterranean. Summer precipitation in the east remained above modern values, even during the late-Holocene interval. In contrast, winter precipitation signals are less spatially coherent during the early Holocene but low precipitation is evidenced during the late Holocene. A general drying trend occurred from the early to late Holocene, particularly in the central and eastern Mediterranean. For the same time intervals, pollen-inferred precipitation estimates were compared with model outputs, based on a regional-scale downscaling (HadRM3) of a set of global climate-model simulations (HadAM3). The high-resolution detail achieved through the downscaling is intended to enable a better comparison between site-based paleo-reconstructions and gridded model data in the complex terrain of the Mediterranean; the model outputs and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show some overall correspondence, though modeled changes are small and at the absolute margins of statistical significance. There are suggestions that the eastern Mediterranean experienced wetter summer conditions than present during the early and late Holocene; the drying trend in winter from the early to the late Holocene also appears to be simulated. The use of this high-resolution regional climate model highlights how the inherently patchy nature of climate signals and paleo-records in the Mediterranean basin may lead to local signals that are much stronger than the large-scale pattern would suggest. Nevertheless, the east-to-west division in summer precipitation seems more marked in the pollen reconstruction than in the model outputs. The footprint of the anomalies (like today, or dry winters and wet summers) has some similarities to modern analogue atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong westerly circulation in winter (positive Arctic Oscillation–North Atlantic Oscillation (AO–NAO)) and a weak westerly circulation in summer associated with anticyclonic blocking; however, there also remain important differences between the paleo-simulations and these analogues. The regional climate model, consistent with other global models, does not suggest an extension of the African summer monsoon into the Mediterranean. Therefore, the extent to which summer monsoonal precipitation may have existed in the southern and eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene remains an outstanding question., peer-reviewed
Published: 2017
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6. Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author: Jonathan T. Coleman, Laura McKinnon, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Megan L. Boldenow, Olivier Gilg, Brett K. Sandercock, Ken Gosbell, Phil F. Battley, Willow B. English, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Lecomte, Jennie Rausch, Bruce Casler, Loïc Bollache, Erica Nol, Ron Porter, David B. Lank, Johannes Lang, Nelli Rönkä, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Benoît Sittler, Joël Bêty, Vanessa Loverti, Emily L. Weiser, Chris J. Hassell, Jean-François Lamarre, Stephen Yezerinac, Jim Helmericks, Kristine M. Sowl, David H. Ward, Rebecca Bentzen, H. River Gates, Mary Anne Bishop, Jesse R. Conklin, Borgny Katrinardottir, David S. Mizrahi, Kari Koivula, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Clive Minton, Jeroen Reneerkens, Eunbi Kwon, Johanna Perz, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Maureen Christie, Audrey R. Taylor, Richard B. Lanctot, Piersma group, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife Conservation Society, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Prince William Sound Science Center, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Victorian Wader Study Group, Queensland Wader Study Group, Chair in Global Flyway Ecology - Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), ABR, Inc. - Environmental Research and Services, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Australasian Wader Studies Group, Global Flyway Network, Helmericks Homestead, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Ecology Department, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Audubon Society of Portland, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Biology, Trent University, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University [Toronto], New Jersey Audubon Society, Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Montana, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], US Geological Survey [Anchorage], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Massey University-Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Université du Québec A Rimouski ( UQAR ), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences ( GELIFES ), Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cornell University, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, University of Alaska Anchorage, and United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Population, Breeding success, Bird migration, Zoology, Return rates, shorebirds, Subspecies, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, FLightR, geolocator, GeoLight, FLightR, migration, annual schedules, precision, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geolocation tracking, Global location sensor (GLS), Hatching, Ecology, Research, WADERS CHARADRII, Waders, Geologger, Tracking methods, GeoLight, Research impacts, annual schedules, geolocation, Arctic, Animal ecology, geolocator, precision, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bird migration, shorebird migration
Abstract: Background Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8–2.0 g total, representing 0.1–3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2–4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26–1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results We detected negative effects of tags for three small-bodied species. Geolocators reduced annual return rates for two of 23 taxa: by 63 % for semipalmated sandpipers and by 43 % for the arcticola subspecies of dunlin. High resighting effort for geolocator birds could have masked additional negative effects. Geolocators were more likely to negatively affect return rates if the total mass of geolocators and color markers was 2.5–5.8 % of body mass than if tags were 0.3–2.3 % of body mass. Carrying a geolocator reduced nest success by 42 % for semipalmated sandpipers and tripled the probability of partial clutch failure in semipalmated and western sandpipers. Geolocators mounted perpendicular to the leg on a flag had stronger negative effects on nest success than geolocators mounted parallel to the leg on a band. However, parallel-band geolocators were more likely to reduce return rates and cause injuries to the leg. No effects of geolocators were found on breeding movements or changes in body mass. Among-site variation in geolocator effect size was high, suggesting that local factors were important. Conclusions Negative effects of geolocators occurred only for three of the smallest species in our dataset, but were substantial when present. Future studies could mitigate impacts of tags by reducing protruding parts and minimizing use of additional markers. Investigators could maximize recovery of tags by strategically deploying geolocators on males, previously marked individuals, and successful breeders, though targeting subsets of a population could bias the resulting migratory movement data in some species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016
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7. MKS5 and CEP290 Dependent Assembly Pathway of the Ciliary Transition Zone

Author: Julie Kennedy, Chunmei Li, Marta Romani, Enza Maria Valente, Victor L. Jensen, Jean Baptiste Rivière, Michel R. Leroux, Jeremy F. Reiter, Estelle Lopez, Kwangjin Park, Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo, Laurence Faivre, Bérénice Doray, Oliver E. Blacque, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Roberta De Mori, Ange Line Bruel, Dominique Gaillard, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry ( MBB ), Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), School of Biology & Environmental Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Cardiovascular Research Institute ( CVRI ), Univerisity of California ( UCSF ), IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Génétique des Anomalies du Développement ( GAD ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -IFR100 - Structure fédérative de recherche Santé-STIC, Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ) -Hôpital Maison Blanche-IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ), Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California [San Francisco] ( UCSF ), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) MOP 142243 March of Dimes Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) European Research Council (ERC) 260888 Telethon Foundation Italy GGP13146 Science Foundation Ireland SFI-111037 European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (SYSCILIA) 241955 NIH AR054396 GM095941 Burroughs Wellcome Fund Packard Foundation Sandler Family Supporting Foundation GIS-Institut des Maladies Rares French Fondation for Rare Disease French Ministry of Health (PHRC) 2010-A01014-35 Regional Council of Burgundy Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship MSFHR postdoctoral fellowship KRESCENT postdoctoral fellowship, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza [San Giovanni Rotondo] (IRCCS), Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-IFR100 - Structure fédérative de recherche Santé-STIC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-Hôpital Maison Blanche-IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nematoda, Cell Membranes, Peripheral Membrane Proteins, Gene Identification and Analysis, syndrome type vi, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), Caenorhabditis elegans, Connective Tissue Cells, Genetics, biology, General Neuroscience, Cilium, Ciliary transition zone, joubert syndrome, Animal Models, Orofaciodigital Syndromes, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Phenotypes, Connective Tissue, RPGRIP1L, c-elegans, flagella, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Anatomy, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, primary cilium, Research Article, Microtubule-associated protein, QH301-705.5, Molecular Sequence Data, Research and Analysis Methods, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, meckel syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Intraflagellar transport, Ciliogenesis, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Animals, Humans, Cilia, Amino Acid Sequence, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Mutation Detection, intraflagellar transport, General Immunology and Microbiology, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, caenorhabditis-elegans, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Tissue, Membrane protein, Genetic Interactions, membrane-proteins, Caenorhabditis, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, ciliogenesis
Abstract: Cilia have a unique diffusion barrier (“gate”) within their proximal region, termed transition zone (TZ), that compartmentalises signalling proteins within the organelle. The TZ is known to harbour two functional modules/complexes (Meckel syndrome [MKS] and Nephronophthisis [NPHP]) defined by genetic interaction, interdependent protein localisation (hierarchy), and proteomic studies. However, the composition and molecular organisation of these modules and their links to human ciliary disease are not completely understood. Here, we reveal Caenorhabditis elegans CEP-290 (mammalian Cep290/Mks4/Nphp6 orthologue) as a central assembly factor that is specific for established MKS module components and depends on the coiled coil region of MKS-5 (Rpgrip1L/Rpgrip1) for TZ localisation. Consistent with a critical role in ciliary gate function, CEP-290 prevents inappropriate entry of membrane-associated proteins into cilia and keeps ARL-13 (Arl13b) from leaking out of cilia via the TZ. We identify a novel MKS module component, TMEM-218 (Tmem218), that requires CEP-290 and other MKS module components for TZ localisation and functions together with the NPHP module to facilitate ciliogenesis. We show that TZ localisation of TMEM-138 (Tmem138) and CDKL-1 (Cdkl1/Cdkl2/Cdkl3/Cdlk4 related), not previously linked to a specific TZ module, similarly depends on CEP-290; surprisingly, neither TMEM-138 or CDKL-1 exhibit interdependent localisation or genetic interactions with core MKS or NPHP module components, suggesting they are part of a distinct, CEP-290-associated module. Lastly, we show that families presenting with Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome type 6 (OFD6) have likely pathogenic mutations in CEP-290-dependent TZ proteins, namely Tmem17, Tmem138, and Tmem231. Notably, patient fibroblasts harbouring mutated Tmem17, a protein not yet ciliopathy-associated, display ciliogenesis defects. Together, our findings expand the repertoire of MKS module-associated proteins—including the previously uncharacterised mammalian Tmem80—and suggest an MKS-5 and CEP-290-dependent assembly pathway for building a functional TZ., The transition zone is a barrier structure required to maintain the dynamic composition and functional integrity of the cilium. This study describes the pathway by which the transition zone is assembled during cilium formation., Author Summary The primary cilium is a structure found in most animal cell types. Much like an antenna, it is responsible for sensing extracellular signals, including light and small molecules, and conveying this information to the receiving cell and respective tissue or organ. At the base of the cilium is the transition zone (TZ), which acts as a “gate” to regulate the entry and exit of ciliary proteins required for signal transduction. Here, we use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system to dissect how different proteins within the TZ assemble to form a functional barrier. We find that the TZ protein MKS-5 (Rpgrip1/Rpgrip1L orthologue) forms the foundation for two different assembly pathways involving two distinct modules: Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Meckel syndrome (MKS). We show that at the base of the MKS module is CEP-290, another TZ protein that assembles MKS module proteins, including a novel TZ protein we identify as TMEM-218. CEP-290 also helps assemble a potentially separate submodule containing TMEM-138 and CDKL-1. Notably, we provide evidence that the MKS module protein TMEM-17 facilitates cilium formation and is disrupted in the human disorder (ciliopathy) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome type 6 (OFD6). Together, our findings provide essential insights into the assembly pathway of the ciliary TZ and suggest further connections between the transition zone and human health.
Published: 2016
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8. Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records

Author: Michel Magny, Isabelle Dormoy, Simon Goring, N. Combourieu Nebout, Jörg Pross, Odile Peyron, Ulrich Kotthoff, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Department of Geosciences, Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Institute of Geosciences, University of Frankfurt, ANR LAMA, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU., ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Rousseau, D.-D., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:Environmental protection, Older Dryas, 01 natural sciences, Allerød oscillation, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Temperate climate, Deglaciation, ddc:550, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Younger Dryas, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceanography, Preboreal, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Pollen-based climate reconstructions were performed on two high-resolution pollen marines cores from the Alboran and Aegean Seas in order to unravel the climatic variability in the coastal settings of the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP (the Lateglacial, and early to mid-Holocene). The quantitative climate reconstructions for the Alboran and Aegean Sea records focus mainly on the reconstruction of the seasonality changes (tempera-tures and precipitation), a crucial parameter in the Mediter-ranean region. This study is based on a multi-method approach comprising 3 methods: the Modern Analogues Technique (MAT), the recent Non-Metric Multidimensional Scal-ing/Generalized Additive Model method (NMDS/GAM) and Partial Least Squares regression (PLS). The climate signal inferred from this comparative approach confirms that cold and dry conditions prevailed in the Mediterranean region during the Oldest and Younger Dryas periods, while temperate conditions prevailed during the Bølling/Allerød and the Holocene. Our records suggest a West/East gradient of decreasing precipitation across the Mediterranean region during the cooler Late-glacial and early Holocene periods, similar to present-day conditions. Winter precipitation was highest during warm intervals and lowest during cooling phases. Several short-lived cool intervals (i.e. Older Dryas, another oscillation after this one (GI-1c2), Gerzensee/Preboreal Correspondence to: I. Dormoy (isabelle.dormoy@univ-fcomte.fr) Oscillations, 8.2 ka event, Bond events) connected to the North Atlantic climate system are documented in the Albo-ran and Aegean Sea records indicating that the climate oscillations associated with the successive steps of the deglacia-tion in the North Atlantic area occurred in both the western and eastern Mediterranean regions. This observation confirms the presence of strong climatic linkages between the North Atlantic and Mediterranean regions.
Published: 2009
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9. Reimagining Climate Futures: a Deliberative Dialogue on Circularity Part I

Author: Guttorm, Hanna, Jacquet, Elodie, Leporini, Mathieu, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CERDI, SFU Centre for Dialogue, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions, Embassy of France to Canada, University of Helsinki, and Simon Fraser University
Subjects: Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Indigeneous knowledge, Circularity, Dialogue, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: As the world gathered in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt forCOP27, seven years after the historic Paris Agreement,climate observers noted that the climate crisis isunraveling faster than ever before. With devasting floodsand wildfires, communities are seeking innovativesolutions that can be scaled quickly, provide resilience andensure sustainability for a diverse range of lifeforms. Withgreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continuing to climb, andthe latest geopolitical threats making for an ever morecomplex environment, the pace of transformation of all oursystems needs to quicken, all the while ensuring a just andequitable transition for all.Fragmentation, siloeing, disconnection and politicalpolarization affect a wide range of human experiencesand systems and add to the complexity of climatesolutions. Research and science have also resulted in verycompartmentalized disciplines where trans- multi- andinter-disciplinary research, even if more and more active, isstill not very well evaluated and funded. As we increasinglyrealize we operate in complex and interconnected adaptivesystems, researching one subject becomes difficult withoutconsidering all connected topics, and their dynamics.There is a strong invitation and a need for a cultural shiftin how we view human systems and their relations to theenvironment. As scholars and practitioners, we proposed to convenean interdisciplinary, intersectoral and intercultural groupof academics, urbanists, public servants, elected officialsand citizens to develop a framework for climate-readinessbased on a circular model approach.The circularity framework for climate readiness willenable communities to reconnect with hope and developinnovative collaborative ideas and worldviews togetherwith concrete proofs-of-concept, such as in the circular citymodel currently tested in Europe, and scale efforts to meetthe challenges of our changing climate in a relational andcommunity-oriented way.
Published: 2023

10. A role for bioinorganic chemistry in the reactivation of mutant p53 in cancer

Author: Jessica J. Miller, Kalvin Kwan, Christian Gaiddon, Tim Storr, univOAK, Archive ouverte, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie (IRFAC - Inserm U1113), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Paul Strauss : Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer (CRLCC)-Fédération de Médecine Translationelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), and RGPIN-2019-06749
Subjects: [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, chemistry, Biochemistry, Metallochaperones, Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry, Bioinorganic, Zinc, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Metals, Neoplasms, Mutation, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Metal ion dysregulation has been implicated in a number of diseases from neurodegeneration to cancer. While defective metal ion transport mechanisms are known to cause specific diseases of genetic origin, the role of metal dysregulation in many diseases has yet to be elucidated due to the complicated function (both good and bad!) of metal ions in the body. A breakdown in metal ion speciation can manifest in several ways from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to an increase in protein misfolding and aggregation. In this review, we will discuss the role of Zn in the proper function of the p53 protein in cancer. The p53 protein plays a critical role in the prevention of genome mutations via initiation of apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and senescence pathways to avoid propagation of damaged cells. p53 is the most frequently mutated protein in cancer and almost all cancers exhibit malfunction along the p53 pathway. Thus, there has been considerable effort dedicated to restoring normal p53 expression and activity to mutant p53. This includes understanding the relative populations of the Zn-bound and Zn-free p53 in wild-type and mutant forms, and the development of metallochaperones to re-populate the Zn binding site to restore mutant p53 activity. Parallels will be made to the development of multifunctional metal binding agents for modulating the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Published: 2022
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11. Special issue: city network activism and the governance of migration

Author: Anouk Flamant, Aude-Claire Fourot, Aisling Healy, Groupe de recherche sur le handicap, l’accessibilité, les pratiques éducatives et scolaires (EA 7287 Grhapes) (Grhapes), Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés (INSHEA), Institut Convergences Migrations [Aubervilliers] (IC Migrations), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: activism, governance, Sociology and Political Science, Local policies, Migration policies, Development, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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12. Classification automatique de séries chronologiques de patients souffrant de douleurs chroniques

Author: Soubeiga, Armel, Ettaghouti, Jessem, Antoine, Violaine, Corteval, Alice, Kerckhove, Nicolas, Moreno, Sylvain, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Analgesia, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Service de Pharmacologie médicale, CHU Clermont-Fd, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Digital Health Hub, and Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information
Subjects: Trajectoire de soins, Evidential Clustering (ECM), Longitudinal Data Analysis, Healthcare, Time Series, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Clustering, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; The most popular unsupervised classification algorithms allow the identification of hard or probabilistic partitions. However, with complex data sets such as those in the health domain, these partitions have their limits. Indeed, they do not allow to model atypical or imprecise observations. This study aims to analyzing sequential data of patients with from chronic pain. A first step is to extract characteristics from these time series and then selecting the most important attributes. A second step, consists to use the evidential c-means (ECM) clustering algorithm on the extracted attributes. The ECM method generates a credal partition that has the ability to model many forms of uncertainty. This partition can then be transformed into a hard partition in order to study individuals according to this uncertainty criterion. The explicability of the hard partition identified through descriptive analysis and statistical tests allowed us to identify the profile of these chronic pain patients.
Published: 2023

13. Clustering de séries chronologiques de patients souffrant de douleurs chroniques

Author: SOUBEIGA, Armel, Ettaghouti, Jessem, Antoine, Violaine, Corteval, Alice, Kerckhove, Nicolas, Moreno, Sylvain, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and Université Lumière Lyon 2
Subjects: ECM, Trajectory analysis, Time Series, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Evidential C-means, Clustering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

14. A Third Neanderthal Individual from La Ferrassie Dated to the End of the Middle Palaeolithic

Author: Guérin, Guillaume, Aldeias, Vera, Baumgarten, Frederik, Goldberg, Paul, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Lahaye, Christelle, Madelaine, Stéphane, Maureille, Bruno, Philippe, Anne, Sandgathe, Dennis, Talamo, Sahra, Thomsen, Kristina, Turq, Alain, Balzeau, Antoine, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Archaeology, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Archéosciences Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), musée national de Préhistoire des Eyzies, Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie (SW France) has been extensively studied since its discovery during the 19th century. In addition to a large sequence including Middle and Upper Paleolithic layers, the site has yielded two very complete adult Neanderthal skeletons, five partial immature Neanderthal skeletons as well as a few isolated human remains. Currently, much of the site sequence has been dated by radiocarbon and OSL but the dating of the human skeletal remains is still a matter of debate. Here, we present the OSL dating of a still consolidated sediment sample associated with the Neanderthal skeleton La Ferrassie 1 (LF1), unearthed by Peyrony and Capitan in 1909 and preserved at the Musée de l’Homme (Paris, France). This block of sediment is crucial as it constitutes the first possibility to date a sample in close association with the specimen. This sample is included in a chronological model at the scale of the site, with the aim to estimate the ages of three Neanderthal individuals: La Ferrassie 1, 2 and 8 (LF1, LF2 and LF8). Two chronological modelling tools (OxCal and BayLum/ArchaeoPhases) are first applied to previously published radiocarbon ages and compared. Chronological inferences show that the BayLum/ArchaeoPhases model provides posterior probability densities, or statistical inferences, that are more consistent with the measured data. When including OSL ages in the BayLum model, we can conclude that all three studied individuals date from the late Middle Palaeolithic (
Published: 2023
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15. Human physiology adaptation to altered gravity environments

Author: Gilles Clément, Andrew P. Blaber, Olivier White, Jack J. W. A. van Loon, Nandu Goswami, Joyce M. Evans, Medical University Graz, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), University of Kentucky (UK), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clement, Gilles, University of Kentucky, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, Hypergravity, Spaceflight, law.invention, Gravitation, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Hypogravity, 030304 developmental biology, Cognitive science, 0303 health sciences, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Human physiology, Deconditioning, Artificial gravity, Sex, Microgravity, Adaptation, Centrifuge, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Multiple transitions between gravity levels will occur during planetary exploration missions. In reaction to these gravitational transitions, physiological adaptation will be initiated. However, the physiological effects of longduration exposures to hypogravity and hypergravity are poorly understood. In this review we present an overview of how humans perceive gravity, review sex-based differences in adaptation to changes in gravity, and introduces rather limited evidence currently available related to the effects of partial gravity. The paper then argues that there is a need for more research to better understand the extent and dynamics of physiological adaptation mechanisms during gravity level transitions in spaceflight and proposes a need for artificial gravity (AG) as a multi-system countermeasure and explore the efficacy of AG as countermeasure between short and very long-arm centrifuges. Discussed here are the effects of acute short-arm AG application. The topical review also discusses the usage of chronic AG application via the innovative large-radius Hypergravity Human Habitat, H 3 , concept.
Published: 2021
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16. On Minimum-Collisions Assignment in Heterogeneous Self-Organizing Networks

Author: Mathew Goonewardena, Halima Elbiaze, Hoda Akbari, Wessam Ajib, Département d'informatique [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Ecole de Technologie Supérieure [Montréal] (ETS), Algorithms and Compexity Group, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)-Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and Goonewardena, Mathew
Subjects: Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Mathematical optimization, [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Degree (graph theory), Computer science, Wireless network, Node (networking), Self-organizing network, Graph, self-organizing networks, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Strategy, Best response, Price of anarchy, graph coloring, Graph (abstract data type), Minimum-collisions assignment, Heterogeneous network
Abstract: This paper has been submitted to IEEE and is under review.; Minimum-collisions assignment, in a wireless network, is the distribution of a finite resource set, such that the number of neighbor cells which receive common elements is minimized. In classical operator deployed networks, resources are assigned centrally. Heterogeneous networks contain user deployed cells, therefore centralized assignment is problematic. This paper examines the minimum-collisions assignment problem in the context of physical cell identity (PCI) allocation. Minimum-collisions assignment is NP-complete, therefore a potential-game theoretic model is proposed as a distributed solution. The players of the game are the cells, actions are the set of PCIs and the utility of a cell is the number of neighbor cells in collision. The price of anarchy and price of stability are derived. Moreover the paper adapts a randomized-distributed-synchronous-update algorithm, for the case, when the number of PCIs is higher than the maximum degree of the neighbor relations graph. It is proven that the algorithm converges to an optimal pure strategy Nash equilibrium in finite time and it is robust to node addition. Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is sub-linear in the size of the input graph, thus outperforms best response dynamics.
Published: 2014

17. Introduction to RNA secondary structure comparison

Author: Yann Ponty, Stefanie Schirmer, Robert Giegerich, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie [UdeM-Montréal] (IRIC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Algorithms and Models for Integrative Biology (AMIB ), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Mathematics [Burnaby] (SFU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Gorodkin, Jan and Ruzzo, Walter L., Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie ( IRIC ), Université de Montréal, Algorithms and Models for Integrative Biology ( AMIB ), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] ( LIX ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique ( LRI ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Department of Mathematics [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ), Bielefeld University, Gorodkin, Jan and Ruzzo, Walter L., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)
Subjects: Structure (mathematical logic), 0303 health sciences, Sequence, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Base pair, Sequence analysis, 0206 medical engineering, RNA, Sequence alignment, 02 engineering and technology, Bioinformatics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Nucleic acid secondary structure, 03 medical and health sciences, Tree (data structure), [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 020602 bioinformatics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Many methods have been proposed for RNA secondary structure comparison, and new ones are still being developed. In this chapter, we first consider structure representations and discuss their suitability for structure comparison. Then, we take a look at the more commonly used methods, restricting ourselves to structures without pseudo-knots. For comparing structures of the same sequence, we study base pair distances. For structures of different sequences (and of different length), we study variants of the tree edit model. We name some of the available tools and give pointers to the literature. We end with a short review on comparing structures with pseudo-knots as an unsolved problem and topic of active research.
Published: 2013
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18. Micro-punches versus micro-slices for serial sampling of human dentine: Striking a balance between improved temporal resolution and measuring additional isotope systems

Author: Christina Cheung, Teresa Fernández‐Crespo, Leïa Mion, Marina Di Giusto, Gwenaëlle Goude, Rebecca A. Macdonald, Michael P. Richards, Estelle Herrscher, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), ANR-17-CE27-0023,NEOGENRE,Rapports hommes-femmes au Néolithique : biologie, sociétés, symboles(2017), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Multidisciplinary Archaeological Research Institute
Subjects: Nitrogen Isotopes, Organic Chemistry, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Dentin, Humans, Collagen, Molar, Tooth, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; RationaleThe last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the application of serial sampling of human dentine in archaeology. Rapid development in the field has provided many improvements in the methodology, in terms of both time resolution as well as the ability to integrate more isotope systems in the analysis. This study provides a comparison of two common sampling approaches, allowing researchers to select the most suitable approach for addressing specific research questions.MethodsTwo common approaches for sequential sampling of human dentine (micro-punches and micro-slices) are compared in terms of viability and efficacy. Using archaeological deciduous second molars and permanent first molars, this study demonstrates how the two approaches capture aspects of the weaning process in different ways. In addition, different aspects related to the extraction protocols, such as the thickness of the central slide and the solubilisation step, are also evaluated.ResultsWhile both approaches show similar intra-tooth isotopic patterns, the micro-punches approach is preferable for research that requires a very fine temporal resolution, while the micro-slices approach is best for research where δ34S values are needed, or when the samples are poorly preserved. In addition, the solubilisation step has a large effect on collagen yield, and, to a lesser extent, on isotopic compositions. Therefore, it is important to ensure that only samples that have undergone the same pre-treatment protocol are directly compared.ConclusionsWe present the pros and cons of the two micro-sampling approaches and offer possible mitigation strategies to address some of the most important issues related to each approach.
Published: 2022
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19. Property crime and private protection allocation within cities: Theory and evidence

Author: Bruno Decreuse, Steeve Mongrain, Tanguy van Ypersele, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science (Simon Fraser University), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Ecole Universitaire de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de France, Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, ACL-2 / A, economics of crime, property crime, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C78 - Bargaining Theory • Matching Theory, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting, jel:K42, private protection, search frictions, social multiplier, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R1 - General Regional Economics/R.R1.R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, jel:K14, alarms, JEL: K - Law and Economics/K.K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior/K.K4.K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Abstract: We model the allocation of property crime and private protection within cities. We provide a theory where city-specific criminals choose a neighborhood and whether they pay a search cost to compare potential victims, whereas households invest in self-protection. The model features strategic complementarity between criminals' search efforts and households' protection investments. As criminals' return to search increases with neighborhood wealth, households in rich neighborhoods are more likely to enter a rat race to ever greater protection that drives criminals towards poorer areas. The mechanisms of our model are tested with the Canadian General Social Survey. Household protection increases with household and neighborhood incomes, neighborhood protection, and neighborhood victimization.
Published: 2022
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20. The climate in central Italy during the last 15,000 yrs BP: seasonality changes inferred from pollen and lake levels

Author: Peyron , Odile, Goring , Simon, Magny , Michel, De Beaulieu , Jacques-Louis, Drescher-Schneider , Ruth, Vannière , Boris, Dormoy , Isabelle, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANRLAMA, ANRLAMA,ANRLAMA, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published: 2009

21. Variations saisonnières du climat au cours des 15 000 dernières années en Région Méditerranéenne

Author: Dormoy , Isabelle, Peyron , Odile, Combourieu-Nebout , Nathalie, Goring , Simon, Kotthoff , Ulrich, Magny , Michel, Pross , Joerg, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Department of Geosciences, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Institute of Geosciences, University of Frankfurt, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Published: 2009

22. Dental care of Anne d'Alègre (1565–1619, Laval, France). Between therapeutic reason and aesthetic evidence, the place of the social and the medical in the care in modern period

Author: Colleter, Rozenn, Galibourg, Antoine, Treguier, Jérôme, Guiavarc'H, Mikaël, Mare, Éric, Rigaud, Pierre-Jean, Destruhaut, Florent, Telmon, Norbert, Maret, Delphine, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Musée des Sciences de Laval, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Évolution et Santé Orale (EVOLSAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and This work was supported by the Fossil team (Forensic Sciences and the Study of Image Libraries) of the Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse – UMR 5288 (CNRS/UT3) and the Marie Sklodowska-Curie individual fellowship, AIDE project for Rozenn Colleter (grant 897565).
Subjects: Archeology, Dental prosthesis, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Dentistry, Tooth wear, Periodontal disease, Dental care, Seventeenth century
Abstract: International audience; Analysis of the oral cavity of human archaeological remains can provide essential information on the general health status of the person. The objectives of this paper are (i) to highlight an analysis of the oral state of the embalmed body of a 17th century female aristocrat with modern techniques of periodontal diagnosis and (ii) to provide a description of the therapeutic and aesthetic management intended to limit the functional and aesthetic consequences of the loss of teeth related to this periodontal disease. This paper provides the first demonstration of a link between a diagnosis and a therapy on an identified individual using new digital technologies used in modern dentistry. We propose that the objective of the treatment was triple: therapeutic, aesthetic and societal. Beyond the only therapeutic care and far from the only coquetry, this study shows also the importance of the appearance for aristocratic women submitted to strong social constraints (like stress or widowhood), the speech of the disfigured women being could be regarded as depraved.
Published: 2023
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23. An imbalancing act: the delayed dynamic response of the Kaskawulsh Glacier to sustained mass loss

Author: Erik Young, Etienne Berthier, Rebecca Latto, Gwenn E. Flowers, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ground-penetrating radar, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, melt-surface, Flow (psychology), Glacier, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Glacier mass balance, Flux (metallurgy), 13. Climate action, Mass imbalance, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, mountain glaciers, Mass budget, ice and climate, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The Kaskawulsh Glacier is an iconic outlet draining the icefields of the St. Elias Mountains in Yukon, Canada. We determine and attempt to interpret its catchment-wide mass budget since 2007. Using SPOT5/6/7 data we estimate a 2007–18 geodetic balance of −0.46 ± 0.17 m w.e. a−1. We then compute balance fluxes and observed ice fluxes at nine flux gates to examine the discrepancy between the climatic mass balance and internal mass redistribution by glacier flow. Balance fluxes are computed using a fully distributed mass-balance model driven by downscaled and bias-corrected climate-reanalysis data. Observed fluxes are calculated using NASA ITS_LIVE surface velocities and glacier cross-sectional areas derived from ice-penetrating radar data. We find the glacier is still in the early stages of dynamic adjustment to its mass imbalance. We estimate a committed terminus retreat of ~23 km under the 2007–18 climate and a lower bound of 46 km3of committed ice loss, equivalent to ~15% of the total glacier volume.
Published: 2020
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24. CO/DA: Live-Coding Movement-Sound Interactions for Dance Improvisation

Author: Françoise, Jules, Fdili Alaoui, Sarah, Candau, Yves, Architectures et Modèles pour l'Interaction (AMI), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extreme Situated Interaction (EX-SITU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and ANR-18-CE33-0002,ELEMENT,Stimuler l'Apprentissage de Mouvements dans les Interactions Humain-Machine(2018)
Subjects: Dance, Design, Embodied Interaction, Improvisation, Movement, Live Coding, [INFO.INFO-SD]Computer Science [cs]/Sound [cs.SD], [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract: International audience; We present a performance-led inquiry that involved a live coder programming movement-based interactive sound and two dance improvisers. During two years of collaboration, we developed a joint improvisation practice where the interactions between the dancers’ movement and the sound feedback are programmed on the fly through live coding and movement sensing. To that end, we designed a new live coding environment called CO/DA that facilitates the real-time manipulation of continuous streams of the dancers’ motion data for interactive sound synthesis. Through an autoethnographic inquiry, we describe our practice of sound and movement improvisation where live coding dynamically changes how the dancers’ movements generate sound, which in turn influences the dancers’ improvisation. We then discuss the value, potential and challenges of our dance/code improvisation practice, along with its implications as a design method.
Published: 2022
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25. Efficient Gathering in Radio Grids with Interference

Author: Bermond, Jean-Claude, Peters, Joseph G., Algorithms, simulation, combinatorics and optimization for telecommunications (MASCOTTE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Algorithms and Compexity Group, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, School of Computing Science, and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)-Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], radio communication, gathering, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], interference, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], grids, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI]
Abstract: International audience; We study the problem of gathering information from the nodes of a radio network into a central destination node. A transmission can be received by a node if it is sent from a distance of at most d T and there is no interference from other transmissions. One transmission interferes with the reception of another transmission if the sender of the first transmission is at distance d I or less from the receiver of the second transmission. In this paper we study the case d T = 1 and d I > 1 for two-dimensional grid networks with unit time transmissions. We prove lower bounds on the number of rounds required for any two-dimensional grid and we describe protocols for n × n grids with n odd that are optimal for odd d I and near-optimal for even d I .
Published: 2005

26. Computing one billion roots using the tangent Graeffe method

Author: Joris van der Hoeven, Michael Monagan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Burnaby] (SFU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Discrete mathematics, Polynomial, Multiplication algorithm, Parallelizable manifold, 010102 general mathematics, Fast Fourier transform, 0102 computer and information sciences, General Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Finite field, Factorization, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Factorization of polynomials, 0101 mathematics, Root-finding algorithm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-MS]Computer Science [cs]/Mathematical Software [cs.MS], Mathematics
Abstract: Let p be a prime of the form p = σ2 k + 1 with σ small and let F p denote the finite field with p elements. Let P ( z ) be a polynomial of degree d in F p [ z ] with d distinct roots in F p . For p =5 · 2 55 + 1 we can compute the roots of such polynomials of degree 10 9 . We believe we are the first to factor such polynomials of size one billion. We used a multi-core computer with two 10 core Intel Xeon E5 2680 v2 CPUs and 128 gigabytes of RAM. The factorization takes just under 4,000 seconds on 10 cores and uses 121 gigabytes of RAM. We used the tangent Graeffe root finding algorithm from [27, 19] which is a factor of O (log d ) faster than the Cantor-Zassenhaus algorithm. We implemented the tangent Graeffe algorithm in C using our own library of 64 bit integer FFT based in-place polynomial algorithms then parallelized the FFT and main steps using Cilk C. In this article we discuss the steps of the tangent Graeffe algorithm, the sub-algorithms that we used, how we parallelized them, and how we organized the memory so we could factor a polynomial of degree 10 9 . We give both a theoretical and practical comparison of the tangent Graeffe algorithm with the Cantor-Zassenhaus algorithm for root finding. We improve the complexity of the tangent Graeffe algorithm by a factor of 2. We present a new in-place product tree multiplication algorithm that is fully parallelizable. We present some timings comparing our software with Magma's polynomial factorization command. Polynomial root finding over smooth finite fields is a key ingredient for algorithms for sparse polynomial interpolation that are based on geometric sequences. This application was also one of our main motivations for the present work.
Published: 2020
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27. Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile‐Derived Co or Fe Containing Nanofibre Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction at the Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode

Author: Elo Kibena-Põldsepp, Arvo Kikas, Andres Krumme, Jekaterina Kozlova, Sara Cavaliere, Viktoria Vassiljeva, Väino Sammelselg, Kaido Tammeveski, Marian Külaviir, Vambola Kisand, Marek Mooste, Maike Käärik, Jaan Leis, Steven Holdcroft, University of Tartu, Tallinn Technical University, Institute of Physics [Tartu], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: Materials science, Organic Chemistry, Polyacrylonitrile, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, law, Oxygen reduction reaction, Fuel cells, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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28. Effect of the insect feeding deterrent 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene on olfactory responses and host choice of Varroa destructor

Author: Jeongmee Kim, Starlin Raj, Erika Plettner, Yang Yu, Victoria Soroker, Nitin Kumar Singh, Nurit Eliash, Agricultural Research Organization, and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, invertebrate chemoreception, Insect, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, DEET, host choice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, host detection, Mite, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, biology, Host (biology), fungi, dialkoxybenzene, food and beverages, Honey bee, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Odor, chemistry, Insect Science, Varroa destructor, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Varroa, olfaction, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acar: Varroidae), is a major threat for the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Varroa behavior and physiology are influenced by compounds produced by the honey bee, as well as cues from the general colony environment. As part of our effort to disrupt varroa host chemosensing, we tested 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, 3c{3,6}, a known feeding deterrent of Lepidoptera larvae and a repellent of mosquitoes of similar activity to DEET. Its effect on varroa mites was evaluated by electrophysiological and behavioral bioassays. Its effect on honey bee chemosensing was also assessed. Compound 3c{3,6} is sensed by honey bees, but the detection of the compound alone by varroa is not clear. The electrophysiological study showed that 3c{3,6} decreases the varroa foreleg responses towards head space odor of nurse bees. However, the response of honey bee antennae towards nurse bee head space odor was not affected. Consistent with electrophysiological studies, in the presence of 3c{3,6}, the ability of varroa to reach any host decreased at the end of the experiment. No lethal effect to the honey bees was recorded. These data showed that 3c{3,6} affects the peripheral olfactory system of varroa by disrupting the chemical recognition process.
Published: 2020
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29. Nutrient limitation, bioenergetics and stoichiometry: A new model to predict elemental fluxes mediated by fishes

Author: Valeriano Parravicini, Jordan M. Casey, Jacob E. Allgeier, Nina M. D. Schiettekatte, Sébastien Villéger, Alexandre Mercière, Simon J. Brandl, Diego R. Barneche, Katrina S. Munsterman, Fabien Morat, Deron E. Burkepile, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, The University of Western Australia (UWA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and ANR-17-CE32-0006,REEFLUX,Flux d'énergie au sein des récifs coralliens: une perspective basée sur les vertébrés(2017)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Bioenergetics, Biome, Biology, bioenergetics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Nutrient, Energy flow, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, phosphorus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, fish, nutrient limitation, Aquatic ecosystem, nutrient cycling, stoichiometry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, ingestion, excretion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; 1. Energy flow and nutrient cycling dictate the functional role of organisms in ecosystems. Fishes are key vectors of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in aquatic systems, and the quantification of elemental fluxes is often achieved by coupling bioenergetics and stoichiometry. While nutrient limitation has been accounted for in several stoichiometric models, there is no current implementation that permits its incorporation into a bioenergetics approach to predict ingestion rates. This may lead to biased estimates of elemental fluxes.2. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework that combines stoichiometry and bioenergetics with explicit consideration of elemental limitations. We examine varying elemental limitations across different trophic groups and life stages through a case study of three trophically distinct reef fishes. Further, we empirically validate our model using an independent database of measured excretion rates.3. Our model adequately predicts elemental fluxes in the examined species and reveals species‐ and size‐specific limitations of C, N and P. In line with theoretical predictions, we demonstrate that the herbivore Zebrasoma scopas is limited by N and P, and all three fish species are limited by P in early life stages. Further, we show that failing to account for nutrient limitation can result in a greater than twofold underestimation of ingestion rates, which leads to severely biased excretion rates.4. Our model improved predictions of ingestion, excretion and egestion rates across all life stages, especially for fishes with diets low in N and/or P. Due to its broad applicability, its reliance on many parameters that are well‐defined and widely accessible, and its straightforward implementation via the accompanying r‐package fishflux, our model provides a user‐friendly path towards a better understanding of ecosystem‐wide nutrient cycling in the aquatic biome.
Published: 2020
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30. Design by Immersion: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Problem-Driven Visualizations

Author: Samuel Huron, Sheelagh Carpendale, Uta Hinrichs, Adam James Bradley, Jo Wood, Christopher Collins, Kyle Wm. Hall, University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science, University of Calgary, SACHI, School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Sociologie Information-Communication Design (SID), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Télécom ParisTech, Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), City University London, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), InnoVis, Department of Computer Science [Calgary] (CPSC), University of Calgary-University of Calgary, and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: QA75, FOS: Computer and information sciences, H.5.0, H.5.2, I.3.6, I.3.8, Computer science, QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science, design, Problem-driven, Framework, T-NDAS, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Design studies, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), Computer Science - Graphics, Data visualization, framework, design methodology, design studies, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Immersion (virtual reality), [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Visualization, business.industry, Methodology, methodology, 020207 software engineering, problem-driven, Collaboration, T Technology, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Data science, collaboration, Graphics (cs.GR), Human-Computer Interaction, Signal Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Personal experience, business, Software
Abstract: While previous work exists on how to conduct and disseminate insights from problem-driven visualization projects and design studies, the literature does not address how to accomplish these goals in transdisciplinary teams in ways that advance all disciplines involved. In this paper we introduce and define a new methodological paradigm we call design by immersion, which provides an alternative perspective on problem-driven visualization work. Design by immersion embeds transdisciplinary experiences at the center of the visualization process by having visualization researchers participate in the work of the target domain (or domain experts participate in visualization research). Based on our own combined experiences of working on cross-disciplinary, problem-driven visualization projects, we present six case studies that expose the opportunities that design by immersion enables, including (1) exploring new domain-inspired visualization design spaces, (2) enriching domain understanding through personal experiences, and (3) building strong transdisciplinary relationships. Furthermore, we illustrate how the process of design by immersion opens up a diverse set of design activities that can be combined in different ways depending on the type of collaboration, project, and goals. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential pitfalls of design by immersion., The paper has been accepted to IEEE VIS (InfoVis) 2019, and will appear IEEE TVCG. ACM 2012 CCS - Human-centered computing, Visualization, Visualization design and evaluation methods
Published: 2020
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31. Sparse graphs with bounded induced cycle packing number have logarithmic treewidth

Author: Bonamy, Marthe, Bonnet, Édouard, Déprés, Hugues, Esperet, Louis, Geniet, Colin, Hilaire, Claire, Thomassé, Stéphan, Wesolek, Alexandra, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles de calcul, Complexité, Combinatoire (MC2), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Optimisation Combinatoire (G-SCOP_OC), Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Computer Science (Simon Fraser University), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), ANR-17-CE40-0015,DISTANCIA,Théorie métrique des graphes(2017), ANR-21-CE48-0014,TWIN-WIDTH,Twin-width: théorie et applications(2021), and ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science::Discrete Mathematics, Mathematics::Number Theory, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Combinatorics (math.CO), [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]
Abstract: A graph is $O_k$-free if it does not contain $k$ pairwise vertex-disjoint and non-adjacent cycles. We show that Maximum Independent Set and 3-Coloring in $O_k$-free graphs can be solved in quasi-polynomial time. As a main technical result, we establish that "sparse" (here, not containing large complete bipartite graphs as subgraphs) $O_k$-free graphs have treewidth (even, feedback vertex set number) at most logarithmic in the number of vertices. This is proven sharp as there is an infinite family of $O_2$-free graphs without $K_{3,3}$-subgraph and whose treewidth is (at least) logarithmic. Other consequences include that most of the central NP-complete problems (such as Maximum Independent Set, Minimum Vertex Cover, Minimum Dominating Set, Minimum Coloring) can be solved in polynomial time in sparse $O_k$-free graphs, and that deciding the $O_k$-freeness of sparse graphs is polynomial time solvable., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures. v4: updated intro
Published: 2022
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32. Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios

Author: Charles D. Koven, Vivek K. Arora, Patricia Cadule, Rosie A. Fisher, Chris D. Jones, David M. Lawrence, Jared Lewis, Keith Lindsay, Sabine Mathesius, Malte Meinshausen, Michael Mills, Zebedee Nicholls, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Roland Séférian, Neil C. Swart, William R. Wieder, Kirsten Zickfeld, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Leeds, University of Melbourne, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)
Subjects: Climate Action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Future climate projections from Earth system models (ESMs) typically focus on the timescale of this century. We use a set of five ESMs and one Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) to explore the dynamics of the Earth's climate and carbon cycles under contrasting emissions trajectories beyond this century to the year 2300. The trajectories include a very-high-emissions, unmitigated fossil-fuel-driven scenario, as well as a mitigation scenario that diverges from the first scenario after 2040 and features an “overshoot”, followed by a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations by means of large net negative CO2 emissions. In both scenarios and for all models considered here, the terrestrial system switches from being a net sink to either a neutral state or a net source of carbon, though for different reasons and centered in different geographic regions, depending on both the model and the scenario. The ocean carbon system remains a sink, albeit weakened by carbon cycle feedbacks, in all models under the high-emissions scenario and switches from sink to source in the overshoot scenario. The global mean temperature anomaly is generally proportional to cumulative carbon emissions, with a deviation from proportionality in the overshoot scenario that is governed by the zero emissions commitment. Additionally, 23rd century warming continues after the cessation of carbon emissions in several models in the high-emissions scenario and in one model in the overshoot scenario. While ocean carbon cycle responses qualitatively agree in both globally integrated and zonal mean dynamics in both scenarios, the land models qualitatively disagree in zonal mean dynamics, in the relative roles of vegetation and soil in driving C fluxes, in the response of the sink to CO2, and in the timing of the sink–source transition, particularly in the high-emissions scenario. The lack of agreement among land models on the mechanisms and geographic patterns of carbon cycle feedbacks, alongside the potential for lagged physical climate dynamics to cause warming long after CO2 concentrations have stabilized, points to the possibility of surprises in the climate system beyond the 21st century time horizon, even under relatively mitigated global warming scenarios, which should be taken into consideration when setting global climate policy.
Published: 2022
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33. Mobile Visualization Design: An Ideation Method to Try

Author: Sheelagh Carpendale, Laton Vermette, Charles Perin, Peter Buk, Katherine Currier, Victor Cheung, Tanja Blascheck, Alaul Islam, Petra Isenberg, Foroozan Daneshzand, Lien Quach, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and University of Stuttgart
Subjects: InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI), Computer science, Human–computer interaction, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Ideation, Visualization
Abstract: International audience; This chapter discusses and reflects on an ideation methodology that can help imagine future mobile only visualizations through a human-centered design approach. The chapter starts by outlining the general approach of the methodology. Ideation activities of three different design groups are then described to illustrate how one can adapt and adjust the methodology to specific ideation scenarios; and four different ideation activity approaches are presented with example results. The chapter ends with a reflection on the methodology itself and how the flexibility of the methodology can encourage a wide range of ideas to emerge.
Published: 2021
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34. Off-cycle Comparing model sustainable neighbourhoods in France and Canada

Author: Annika Airas, Cedissia About, Apolline Poiroux, Hugo Rochard, Claire Doussard, Meg Holden, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Mairie de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Architecture Urbanisme Société : Savoir Enseignement Recherche (UMR AUSser), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville (ENSA PB)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais (ENSAPM)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de la Ville et des Territoires à Marne-la-Vallée (éavt&t), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université de Paris (UP), Labex Dynamite, France Canada Research Fund award, MITACS Globalink award, SSHRC Insight Project 435-2014-0465, ANR-05-JCJC-0068,toxicomanie,Inégalités face à la toxicomanie: gènes de vulnérabilité et facteurs environnementaux de protection(2005), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville (ENSA PB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais (ENSAPM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de la Ville et des Territoires à Marne-la-Vallée (éavt&t), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Dynamiques Territoriales et Spatiales' (LabEx DynamiTe), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Réunion])-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Architecture, histoire, technique, territoire, patrimoine (AHTTEP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville (ENSA PB)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais (ENSAPM)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de la Ville et des Territoires à Marne-la-Vallée (éavt&t)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville (ENSA PB)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais (ENSAPM)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de la Ville et des Territoires à Marne-la-Vallée (éavt&t)
Subjects: Paris, Canada, Victoria, Public housing, Economic capital, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, Neoliberalism, Action ecogentrification, 02 engineering and technology, 12. Responsible consumption, Political science, 11. Sustainability, Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Economic geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, 05 social sciences, Urban design, 021107 urban & regional planning, model sustainable neighbourhood, creative destruction, Private sector, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Solidarity, Urban Studies, Dockside Green, ecogentrification, waste formation, Redevelopment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 050703 geography
Abstract: International audience; "Comparative case study research in two prototype model sustainable neighbourhoods, Fréquel Fontarabie in Paris (France) and Dockside Green in Victoria (Canada), sheds new light on questions of ecogentrification in urban redevelopment cycles. The two cases are chosen for their superficial similarities, as mutual but independent frontrunners of the international movement to build sustainable neighbourhoods. They are also chosen for contrast value; the notable difference is that Fréquel is state-led and state-certified, dominated by social housing, compared to Dockside which is private sector-led and third party certified, dominated by market housing. The two cases offer certain shared features, including urban design, infrastructure, and amenities associated with green, bourgeois, and participatory democratic values. Beneath the surface, we examine how the redevelopment models pursued cycles of creative destruction of waste and value differently from how this cycle functions under hegemonic neoliberalism. In both cases, new wastes are identified and new values created, that reach beyond economic capital into social, political and ecological territory as well. Confronting the specific dynamics of waste and value formation in different urban contexts offers new means to advance understanding of neighbourhood redevelopment and transformation and how values of solidarity and nature can be advanced off-cycle from the persistent churn of new forms of capital." (source éditeur)
Published: 2021
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35. Machine Learning-Based Single Cell and Integrative Analysis Reveals That Baseline mDC Predisposition Correlates With Hepatitis B Vaccine Antibody Response

Author: Brian D. Aevermann, Casey P. Shannon, Mark Novotny, Rym Ben-Othman, Bing Cai, Yun Zhang, Jamie C. Ye, Michael S. Kobor, Nicole Gladish, Amy Huei-Yi Lee, Travis M. Blimkie, Robert E. Hancock, Alba Llibre, Darragh Duffy, Wayne C. Koff, Manish Sadarangani, Scott J. Tebbutt, Tobias R. Kollmann, Richard H. Scheuermann, J. Craig Venter Institute [La Jolla, USA] (JCVI), St. Paul’s Hospital - University of British Columbia [Vancouver, BC, Canada], University of British Columbia (UBC), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Human Vaccines Project [New York], BC Children's Hospital Research Institute [Vancouver, BC, Canada] (BCCHR), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, La Jolla Institute for Immunology [La Jolla, CA, États-Unis], This work was supported by the Human Vaccines Project. Additional funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research FDN-154287 to RH is gratefully acknowledged. RH holds a Canada Research Chair and a UBC Killam Professorship. DD acknowledges support from the Milieu Interieur Consortium., St. Paul’s Hospital - University of British Columbia [Vancouver, BC, Canada] (SPH-UBC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: Male, Endotype, medicine.disease_cause, computer.software_genre, 0302 clinical medicine, baseline correlates, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, MESH: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, MESH: Hepatitis B Antibodies, Original Research, canonical correlation analysis, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Machine Learning, MESH: Dendritic Cells, Vaccination, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Middle Aged, vaccines, Hepatitis B, 3. Good health, MESH: Canonical Correlation Analysis, machine learning, endotypes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, MESH: Vaccine Efficacy, Adult, Hepatitis B vaccine, Immunology, Vaccine Efficacy, Machine learning, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Immune system, single cell RNA sequencing, Humans, Hepatitis B Vaccines, dendritic cells, Hepatitis B Antibodies, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Hepatitis B virus, MESH: Hepatitis B Vaccines, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, MESH: Hepatitis B, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Adult, Dendritic cell, MESH: Vaccination, RC581-607, MESH: Male, Immunization, Artificial intelligence, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, computer, MESH: Female, MESH: Single-Cell Analysis
Abstract: International audience; Vaccination to prevent infectious disease is one of the most successful public health interventions ever developed. And yet, variability in individual vaccine effectiveness suggests that a better mechanistic understanding of vaccine-induced immune responses could improve vaccine design and efficacy. We have previously shown that protective antibody levels could be elicited in a subset of recipients with only a single dose of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and that a wide range of antibody levels were elicited after three doses. The immune mechanisms responsible for this vaccine response variability is unclear. Using single cell RNA sequencing of sorted innate immune cell subsets, we identified two distinct myeloid dendritic cell subsets (NDRG1-expressing mDC2 and CDKN1C-expressing mDC4), the ratio of which at baseline (pre-vaccination) correlated with the immune response to a single dose of HBV vaccine. Our results suggest that the participants in our vaccine study were in one of two different dendritic cell dispositional states at baseline – an NDRG2-mDC2 state in which the vaccine elicited an antibody response after a single immunization or a CDKN1C-mDC4 state in which the vaccine required two or three doses for induction of antibody responses. To explore this correlation further, genes expressed in these mDC subsets were used for feature selection prior to the construction of predictive models using supervised canonical correlation machine learning. The resulting models showed an improved correlation with serum antibody titers in response to full vaccination. Taken together, these results suggest that the propensity of circulating dendritic cells toward either activation or suppression, their “dispositional endotype” at pre-vaccination baseline, could dictate response to vaccination.
Published: 2021
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36. The Retreat of Mountain Glaciers since the Little Ice Age: A Spatially Explicit Database

Author: Marta, Silvio, Azzoni, Roberto, Fugazza, Davide, Tielidze, Levan, Chand, Pritam, Sieron, Katrin, Almond, Peter, Ambrosini, Roberto, Anthelme, Fabien, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Bhambri, Rakesh, Bonin, Aurélie, Caccianiga, Marco, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge, Clague, John, Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Cruz Encarnación, Rolando, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Guerrieri, Alessia, Hågvar, Sigmund, Khedim, Norine, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Messager, Erwan, Morales-Martínez, Marco, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Poulenard, Jerome, Seppi, Roberto, Chand Sharma, Milap, Urseitova, Nurai, Weissling, Blake, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina, Rabatel, Antoine, Ficetola, Gentile, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Victoria University of Wellington, University of Central Punjab, Universidad Veracruzana, Lincoln University, New Zealand, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de los Lagos (Chile), Heidelberg University, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Pavia, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Marta, S, Azzoni, R, Fugazza, D, Tielidze, L, Chand, P, Sieron, K, Almond, P, Ambrosini, R, Anthelme, F, Alviz Gazitua, P, Bhambri, R, Bonin, A, Caccianiga, M, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Lievano, J, Clague, J, Rapre, J, Dangles, O, Deline, P, Eger, A, Encarnacion, R, Erokhin, S, Franzetti, A, Gielly, L, Gili, F, Gobbi, M, Guerrieri, A, Hagvar, S, Khedim, N, Kinyanjui, R, Messager, E, Morales-Martinez, M, Peyre, G, Pittino, F, Poulenard, J, Seppi, R, Sharma, M, Urseitova, N, Weissling, B, Yang, Y, Zaginaev, V, Zimmer, A, Diolaiuti, G, Rabatel, A, Ficetola, G, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: climate change, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, global scale, little ice age, pre-satellite era, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glacier retreat, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, glacier retreat, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: International audience; Most of the world’s mountain glaciers have been retreating for more than a century in response to climate change. Glacier retreat is evident on all continents, and the rate of retreat has accelerated during recent decades. Accurate, spatially explicit information on the position of glacier margins over time is useful for analyzing patterns of glacier retreat and measuring reductions in glacier surface area. This information is also essential for evaluating how mountain ecosystems are evolving due to climate warming and the attendant glacier retreat. Here, we present a non-comprehensive spatially explicit dataset showing multiple positions of glacier fronts since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maxima, including many data from the pre-satellite era. The dataset is based on multiple historical archival records including topographical maps; repeated photographs, paintings, and aerial or satellite images with a supplement of geochronology; and own field data. We provide ESRI shapefiles showing 728 past positions of 94 glacier fronts from all continents, except Antarctica, covering the period between the Little Ice Age maxima and the present. On average, the time series span the past 190 years. From 2 to 46 past positions per glacier are depicted (on average: 7.8)
Published: 2021
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37. B-Cell NHL Subtype Risk Associated with Autoimmune Conditions and PRS

Author: Sophia S. Wang, Claire M. Vajdic, Martha S. Linet, Susan L. Slager, Jenna Voutsinas, Alexandra Nieters, Delphine Casabonne, James R. Cerhan, Wendy Cozen, Graciela Alarcón, Otoniel Martínez-Maza, Elizabeth E. Brown, Paige M. Bracci, Jennifer Turner, Henrik Hjalgrim, Parveen Bhatti, Yawei Zhang, Brenda M. Birmann, Christopher R. Flowers, Ora Paltiel, Elizabeth A. Holly, Eleanor Kane, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Marc Maynadié, Pierluigi Cocco, Lenka Foretova, Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Qing Lan, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Anneclaire J. De Roos, Martyn T. Smith, Eve Roman, Paolo Boffetta, Anne Kricker, Tongzhang Zheng, Christine F. Skibola, Jacqueline Clavel, Alain Monnereau, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Yolanda Benavente, Patricia Hartge, Karin E. Smedby, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), Macquarie University [Sydney], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], British Columbia Cancer Research Centre [British Columbia, Canada], Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Beijing, China] (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College [Beijing, China], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], University of York [York, UK], City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center [Duarte], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), University of Cagliari, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (RECAMO), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Drexel University, University of California [Berkeley], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Bologna, The University of Sydney, Brown University, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cancer environnement (EPICENE ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], European Commission, European Regional Development Fund, and National Cancer Institute
Subjects: B-Lymphocytes, Malalties autoimmunitàries, Epidemiology, Autoimmune diseases, Genomics, Article, Autoimmune Diseases, Genòmica, Oncology, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Case-Control Studies, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Lymphoma, Follicular, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background: A previous International Lymphoma Epidemiology (InterLymph) Consortium evaluation of joint associations between five immune gene variants and autoimmune conditions reported interactions between B-cell response-mediated autoimmune conditions and the rs1800629 genotype on risk of B-cell non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Here, we extend that evaluation using NHL subtype-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS) constructed from loci identified in genome-wide association studies of three common B-cell NHL subtypes. Methods: In a pooled analysis of NHL cases and controls of Caucasian descent from 14 participating InterLymph studies, we evaluated joint associations between B-cell–mediated autoimmune conditions and tertile (T) of PRS for risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 1,914), follicular lymphoma (n = 1,733), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL; n = 407), using unconditional logistic regression. Results: We demonstrated a positive association of DLBCL PRS with DLBCL risk [T2 vs. T1: OR = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.43; T3 vs. T1: OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.59–2.07; P-trend (Ptrend) < 0.0001]. DLBCL risk also increased with increasing PRS tertile among those with an autoimmune condition, being highest for those with a B-cell–mediated autoimmune condition and a T3 PRS [OR = 6.46 vs. no autoimmune condition and a T1 PRS, Ptrend < 0.0001, P-interaction (Pinteraction) = 0.49]. Follicular lymphoma and MZL risk demonstrated no evidence of joint associations or significant Pinteraction. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PRS constructed from currently known subtype-specific loci may not necessarily capture biological pathways shared with autoimmune conditions. Impact: Targeted genetic (PRS) screening among population subsets with autoimmune conditions may offer opportunities for identifying those at highest risk for (and early detection from) DLBCL.
Published: 2021
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38. Does different activation between the medial and the lateral gastrocnemius during walking translate into different fascicle behavior?

Author: Raphaël Hamard, Taylor J. M. Dick, Romain Feigean, Nicole Y. Kelp, Jeroen Aeles, François Hug, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Laboratoire de physiologie et d'évaluation neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and Movement and Sport Sciences
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Walking, Isometric exercise, Electromyography, Aquatic Science, Biology, Tendons, B-mode ultrasound, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Fascicle length, Treadmill, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Group level, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Muscle activation, 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, Fascicle, Individual level, Biomechanical Phenomena, Muscle function, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Locomotion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction, Lateral gastrocnemius
Abstract: The functional difference between the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during walking in humans has not yet been fully established. Although evidence highlights that the MG is activated more than the LG, the link with potential differences in mechanical behavior between these muscles remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine whether differences in activation between the MG and LG translate into different fascicle behavior during walking. Fifteen participants walked at their preferred speed under two conditions: 0% and 10% incline treadmill grade. We used surface electromyography and B-mode ultrasound to estimate muscle activation and fascicle dynamics in the MG and LG. We observed a higher normalized activation in the MG than in the LG during stance, which did not translate into greater MG normalized fascicle shortening. However, we observed significantly less normalized fascicle lengthening in the MG than in the LG during early stance, which matched with the timing of differences in activation between muscles. This resulted in more isometric behavior of the MG, which likely influences the muscle–tendon interaction and enhances the catapult-like mechanism in the MG compared with the LG. Nevertheless, this interplay between muscle activation and fascicle behavior, evident at the group level, was not observed at the individual level, as revealed by the lack of correlation between the MG–LG differences in activation and MG–LG differences in fascicle behavior. The MG and LG are often considered as equivalent muscles but the neuromechanical differences between them suggest that they may have distinct functional roles during locomotion.
Published: 2021
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39. Poly(bis-arylimidazoliums) possessing high hydroxide ion exchange capacity and high alkaline stability

Author: Sapir Willdorf-Cohen, Barbara J. Frisken, William E. Mustain, Charles E. Diesendruck, Dario R. Dekel, Eric M. Schibli, Amelia Hohenadel, Zoe Paula, Jiantao Fan, Thomas J. G. Skalski, Wei Li, Emanuele Magliocca, Steven Holdcroft, Ania Tersakian Sergeenko, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], School of Computer Science and Engineering [Beijing], Beihang University (BUAA), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and European Project: 721065,CREATE
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Steric effects, Materials science, Polymers, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 7. Clean energy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Chemical kinetics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cation-exchange capacity, lcsh:Science, Fuel cells, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Rational design, General Chemistry, Polymer, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemical energy conversion, 030104 developmental biology, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Hydroxide, lcsh:Q, Polymer synthesis, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Solid polymer electrolyte electrochemical energy conversion devices that operate under highly alkaline conditions afford faster reaction kinetics and the deployment of inexpensive electrocatalysts compared with their acidic counterparts. The hydroxide anion exchange polymer is a key component of any solid polymer electrolyte device that operates under alkaline conditions. However, durable hydroxide-conducting polymer electrolytes in highly caustic media have proved elusive, because polymers bearing cations are inherently unstable under highly caustic conditions. Here we report a systematic investigation of novel arylimidazolium and bis-arylimidazolium compounds that lead to the rationale design of robust, sterically protected poly(arylimidazolium) hydroxide anion exchange polymers that possess a combination of high ion-exchange capacity and exceptional stability., The hydroxide anion exchange polymers are key materials of solid polymer electrolyte devices that operate under alkaline conditions. Here the authors show the rational design of such polymers that exhibit high ion exchange capacity and exceptional stability under highly caustic conditions.
Published: 2019
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40. The minor pilin PilV provides a conserved adhesion site throughout the antigenically variable meningococcal type IV pilus

Author: Philippe Morand, Lisa Craig, Subramania Kolappan, Marion Dupuis, Jean-Philippe Barnier, Haniaa Bouzinba-Segard, Julie Meyer, Emmanuelle Bille, Taliah Schmitt, Eric Frapy, Elena Capel, Gaël Gesbert, Sophia Schönherr-Hellec, Anne Jamet, Sandrine Bourdoulous, Xavier Nassif, Zoé Virion, Mathieu Coureuil, Coureuil, Mathieu, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Pilus assembly, Mutant, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, [SDV.BBM.BP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Mice, SCID, Neisseria meningitidis, medicine.disease_cause, Pilus, Antibodies, Bacterial Adhesion, Microbiology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Antigenic variation, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Alanine scanning, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biological Sciences, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Bacterial adhesin, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Meningococcal Infections, Pilin, Fimbriae, Bacterial, biology.protein, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, bacteria, Female, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: International audience; Neisseria meningitidis utilizes type IV pili (T4P) to adhere to and colonize host endothelial cells, a process at the heart of meningococcal invasive diseases leading to meningitis and sepsis. T4P are polymers of an antigenically variable major pilin building block, PilE, plus several core minor pilins that initiate pilus assembly and are thought to be located at the pilus tip. Adhesion of N. meningitidis to human endothelial cells requires both PilE and a conserved noncore minor pilin PilV, but the localization of PilV and its precise role in this process remains to be clarified. Here, we show that both PilE and PilV promote adhesion to endothelial vessels in vivo. The substantial adhesion defect observed for pilV mutants suggests it is the main adhesin. Consistent with this observation, superresolution microscopy showed the abundant distribution of PilV throughout the pilus. We determined the crystal structure of PilV and modeled it within the pilus filament. The small size of PilV causes it to be recessed relative to adjacent PilE subunits, which are dominated by a prominent hypervariable loop. Nonetheless, we identified a conserved surface-exposed adhesive loop on PilV by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Critically, antibodies directed against PilV inhibit N. meningitidis colonization of human skin grafts. These findings explain how N. meningitidis T4P undergo antigenic variation to evade the humoral immune response while maintaining their adhesive function and establish the potential of this highly conserved minor pilin as a vaccine and therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of N. meningitidis infections.
Published: 2021
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41. A nature-based negative emissions technology able to remove atmospheric methane and other greenhouse gases

Author: Tingzhen Ming, Franz Dietrich Oeste, Sylvain Caillol, Robert Tulip, Renaud de Richter, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Tour-Solaire.fr, Ingenieurburo Lohmeyer GmbH & Co, Gmbh KG, Department of Statistics and Acturial Science Simon Fraser university, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Atmospheric methane, Fossil fuel, Iron fertilization, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Pollution, Methane, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Environmental impact assessment, business, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Fulfilling the Paris Climate Agreement requires reducing rapidly the new emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to reach net zero by 2050. As some anthropogenic emissions cannot be zero, to compensate them it will be necessary to remove GHGs from the atmosphere. Among possible methods, the Iron Salt Aerosol (ISA) offers new possibilities, including removal of methane and several other GHGs, as well as carbon dioxide. Several studies suggest that anthropogenic emissions of iron participate in the current primary productivity. As plans to decarbonize the world economy might also have inadvertent warming effects due to the reduction of iron emissions from fossil fuels burning, iron additions might help address this issue. ISA is different from the method known as Ocean Iron Fertilization and the differences are explained. ISA mimic natural processes and the dust which probably participated in the cooling during the ice-ages over the past million years. Still larger laboratory trials, safety and environmental impact studies and global chemical computer modeling are necessary before ISA would be ready to be trialed. Desk and laboratory studies indicate low cost, easy deployment and efficacy, all of which can be validated by future small scale field trials, a step needed before, if successful, a possible implementation at a climate-relevant scale.
Published: 2021
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42. Hydrogen isotopic fractionations during syntheses of lipid biomarkers in the seeds of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under controlled environmental conditions

Author: Patricia Richard, Nicolas Bossard, Valery J. Terwilliger, Claude Le Milbeau, Elisabeth Vergès, Philippe Biron, Jérémy Jacob, Thierry Bariac, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LE STUDIUM (LE STUDIUM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Kansas [Kansas City], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Ministère de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur (Action Thématique Prioritaire, 2009-2012)., Le Studium® (Loire Institute for Advanced Studies)., ANR-10-JCJC-0607,PalHydroMil,Reconstructions paléohydrologiques à partir du dD de lipides produits par les végétaux supérieurs. Calibration, validation et application aux variations hydrologiques dans les Alpes pendant l'âge du Bronze(2010), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), POTHIER, Nathalie, and Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Reconstructions paléohydrologiques à partir du dD de lipides produits par les végétaux supérieurs. Calibration, validation et application aux variations hydrologiques dans les Alpes pendant l'âge du Bronze - - PalHydroMil2010 - ANR-10-JCJC-0607 - JCJC - VALID
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Biosynthetic fractionation hydrogen isotopes Panicum miliaceum Biogeochemical chambers compound-specific δ2H, Fractionation, Leaf water, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Graminoid, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Triterpene, Geochemistry and Petrology, Relative humidity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Panicum miliaceum, biology, Chemistry, food and beverages, miliacin, biology.organism_classification, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, biomarker, Lipid biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Compound specific hydrogen isotopic analyses have the potential to reveal the biosynthetic pathways of biomarkers and to reconstruct the effects of water stress in a plant, or in an ecosystem. Although C4 graminoids are of great geological interest and are some of the world's leading crops, there are few experimental studies of their biomarker responses to hydrological conditions. Here, we study a C4 graminoid, broomcorn millet, and compare the effects of controlled changes in environmental conditions on the distributions of n-alkane homologues and on the pentacyclic triterpene, miliacin, which is a biomarker for broomcorn millet; both were measured in the seeds of the graminoid. Broomcorn millet plants were propagated in hydroponic solutions with four different δ2H values for each of two growth chambers, differing in relative humidity (58 and 74 %). Analyses of δ2H values of the lipid compounds (miliacin and n-alkanes) in seeds and water extracted from transpiring and non-transpiring organs allowed us to quantify the apparent (lipids vs. source water to plant) and biosynthetic (lipids vs. leaf water) fractionations during miliacin and n-alkane syntheses. Miliacin and n-alkane δ2H values were linearly related to leaf water δ2H values, permitting credible biosynthetic fractionations to be calculated for n-alkanes (average -149.5‰ ± 11) and miliacin (-118‰ ± 5). These biosynthetic fractionations were within the range of published values for compounds with their respective biosynthetic pathways, although a 2H-enrichment of miliacin compared to n-alkanes remains unexplained.Whereas a 16% decrease in relative humidity had no significant impact on the biosynthetic fractionation of miliacin, n-C25 and n-C27 alkanes, it led to a ∼25‰ decrease in biosynthetic fractionation for n-C31 and n-C33 alkanes. This could be the consequence of a contribution of more depleted pools of hydrogen atoms in cytoplasmic water (compared to chloroplastic hydrogen pools) during the n-alkyl lipid elongation process. This finding suggests that the respective influences of source water δ2H values and relative humidity on the δ2H values of organic compounds may be discretely inferred by examining the δ2H values of compounds synthesized from distinct sources of hydrogen in cells. It provides clues to the biosynthetic fractionations in a C4 plant for compounds derived from distinct pathways, but also highlights specific issues related to seed lipids that would require further research.
Published: 2021
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43. Data to Physicalization: A Survey of the Physical Rendering Process

Author: Hessam Djavaherpour, Fatemeh Yazdanbakhsh, Faramarz Samavati, Lora Oehlberg, Ali Mahdavi-Amiri, Samuel Huron, Richard M. Levy, Yvonne Jansen, University of Calgary, Department of Computer Science (Simon Fraser University), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Interaction, Technologies, Activités (INTERACT), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Research literature, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Creative visualization, Scope (project management), Computer science, Process (engineering), I.3.5, I.3.8, media_common.quotation_subject, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Object (computer science), Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Human-centered computing, Pipeline (software), Graphics (cs.GR), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Rendering (computer graphics), Computer Science - Graphics, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], media_common
Abstract: International audience; Physical representations of data offer physical and spatial ways of looking at, navigating, and interacting with data. While digital fabrication has facilitated the creation of objects with data-driven geometry, rendering data as a physically fabricated object is still a daunting leap for many physicalization designers. Rendering in the scope of this research refers to the back-and-forth process from digital design to digital fabrication and its specific challenges. We developed a corpus of example data physicalizations from research literature and physicalization practice. This survey then unpacks the "rendering" phase of the extended InfoVis pipeline in greater detail through these examples, with the aim of identifying ways that researchers, artists, and industry practitioners "render" physicalizations using digital design and fabrication tools.
Published: 2021
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44. Forecasting through the rear-view mirror: Ethical storm clouds over children’s cultural industries

Author: Kline, Stephen, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Edited by, Valérie-Inés de La Ville, Pascale Garnier, Gilles Brougère, Rouyer, Séverine, and Edited by, Valérie-Inés de La Ville, Pascale Garnier, Gilles Brougère
Subjects: Industries culturelles et droit des données personnelles, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Protection de la vie privée en ligne des enfants, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Protection des données à caractère personnel des enfants, Ethique et RSE, Publicité ciblée et enfant, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Réseaux socio-numériques, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract: International audience; On the 4th of September, 2019 Google’s subsidiary YouTube was fined $170 million by the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) because they had been collecting data to target ads to children without parents’ consent. Citing the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 1998, FTC Chairman Joe Simons condemned this violation pointing to the FTC’s rule-making in 1999 intended to protect the “privacy” of children who surf the Internet. “Given this rule there is no excuse for YouTube’s violations of the law” he concluded (BBC News September 4, 2019). Although it is not the first violation of children’s privacy to be heard by the FTC, the size of the fine provides a reminder that that the ethical issues underwriting the protection of children in the digitally mediated market have not been diminished by the rapid expansion of children’s digital cultural industries. It has also highlighted the need to once again revisit the ethical frameworks applied by cultural industries for communicating with children.Indeed, the promotional mist that has shrouded the 21st Century growth in digital communication industries seems to now be lifting, exposing on-line children’s cultural industries to increasing scrutiny. Although the ethical issues underwriting child protection have been argued throughout the last 200 years, many working in children’s emerging cultural industries have been ignoring the ethical frameworks guiding the adult world’s interactions with children (CBS News August 25)...
Published: 2021

45. Human-woodland interactions during the Pre-Aksumite and Aksumite periods in northeastern Tigray, Ethiopia: insights from the wood charcoal analyses from Mezber and Ona Adi

Author: Aurélie Salavert, Carla Lancelotti, Charlène Bouchaud, A. Catherine D’Andrea, Abel Ruiz-Giralt, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institución Milá y Fontanals., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Charcoal analysis, Climate change, Plant Science, Woodland, Firewood, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, Paleoethnobotany, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Adaptive capacity, 060102 archaeology, Pre-Aksumite period, Kingdom of Aksum, Tigray, Paleontology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Aksum, Archaeology, Geography, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Period (geology), Archaeobotany, Ethiopia, Aksumite
Abstract: The Tigray region in Ethiopia witnessed the rise and fall of the Pre-Aksumite and Aksumite communities between the mid 2nd millennium bce and the late 1st millennium ce. Despite the importance of these entities in recent African prehistory, the issue of how they interacted with their surrounding environment has only been addressed very recently. Here, we present the first systematic anthracological analysis from the region. Wood charcoal samples from two archaeological sites were analysed, the Pre-Aksumite rural site of Mezber (ca. 1600 bce-1 ce) and Ona Adi (ca. 600 bce-700 ce), an urban centre occupied continuously from the Late Pre-Aksumite period to the fall of the Aksumite kingdom. A total of 2,708 charcoal fragments from 25 samples and nine archaeological phases were analysed and 19 plant taxa associated with at least three different vegetation types were identified. The results demonstrate rather stable environmental conditions at a local level, with no major or abrupt environmental changes. They also evidence a process of landscape degradation as a result of human activity during the early to mid 1st millennium bce, as well as a subsequent recovery that occurred gradually during the next ca. 1,500 years. Finally, differences in firewood use were identified in relation to the rural or urban nature of each settlement, showing an evolution in wood selection, management and strategies of use which indicates that both Pre-Aksumite and Aksumite peoples had a significant degree of resilience and adaptive capacity., This research has been done as part of the Eastern Tigray Archaeological Project (ETAP). We are grateful for the participation of the Ethiopian Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) and the Tigray Tourism and Cultural Commission (TCTB). Many thanks are due to Margareta Tengberg for granting access to wood collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France), and especially to the residents of the Gulo Makeda district (Tigray, Ethiopia) for their help, hospitality and participation in all ETAP interviews and excavations. ARG is a member of CaSEs, an excellence group of the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-0122) and Unidad Asociada of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IMF_CSIC) and is developing his work within the RAINDROPS Research Project (ERC-Stg2017 G.A. 759800). Financial support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Partnership Grant #890-215-003) and the Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères (AVENIR Excellence Grant #901738L).
Published: 2021
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46. French participation in transnational migration networks: understanding city (dis)involvement and 'passivism'

Author: Anouk Flamant, Aisling Healy, Aude-Claire Fourot, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe de recherche sur le handicap, l’accessibilité, les pratiques éducatives et scolaires (EA 7287 Grhapes) (Grhapes), Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés (INSHEA), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Civil society, Multi-level governance, passivism, Sociology and Political Science, Refugee, media_common.quotation_subject, subnationalisation, Immigration, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Eurocities, Development, politicisation, supranationalisation, activism, Political science, Agency (sociology), 050602 political science & public administration, 10. No inequality, media_common, multilevel governance, transnational city networks, Human rights, 05 social sciences, 021107 urban & regional planning, 16. Peace & justice, Metropolitan area, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 0506 political science, intercultural Cities, Political economy, France, immigration
Abstract: International audience; Transnational city networks (TCNs) bring together the characteristics of both supranationalisation and subnationalisation processes. In the context of an increased securitisation and criminalisation of borders, several networks have become more vocal – particularly with the advent of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ – advocating for inclusive changes in terms of immigration, integration, human rights protection and refugee resettlement. How do French cities position themselves in this context of increased transnational activism? In comparing the cases of Lyon, Nantes and Strasbourg and their respective involvement in TCNs over the last fifteen years, our findings indicate that instead of becoming increasingly active, French cities within European networks have developed three distinct processes of disinvolvement, which we identify according to their ‘neglectful,’ ‘testing,’ and ‘competing’ characteristics. We highlight the fact that, in some cases, the activities undertaken by municipal or metropolitan governments in city networks do not automatically lead to transnational ‘activism.’ They may instead be understood as forms of ‘passivism.’ Moreover, contrary to passivity, ‘passivism’ in these cases does not equal an absence of decision-making, leadership or responsiveness, nor does it refer to inertia or a distinctive approach towards refugees and asylum seekers (whether it be welcoming or exclusionary). Rather, ‘passivism’ refers to the agency of local actors in policy-making within a specific institutional context. Focusing on passivism highlights (i) the necessity to disentangle networks’ robustness from its membership, since networks might be robust despite the presence of disengaged members. It also underlines (ii) the effects of the politicisation of migration as illustrated by a change in agenda towards humanitarian issues and by the increased involvement of elected city officials, notably deputy mayors. Finally (iii), it stresses the lack of collaboration with civil society actors in the context of a greater visibility and activism of the French national state regarding the integration of newcomers.
Published: 2021
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47. Topsoil organic matter build-up in glacier forelands around the world

Author: Khedim, Norine, Cécillon, Lauric, Poulenard, Jérôme, Barré, Pierre, Baudin, François, Marta, Silvio, Rabatel, Antoine, Dentant, Cédric, Cauvy‐Fraunié, Sophie, Anthelme, Fabien, Gielly, Ludovic, Ambrosini, Roberto, Franzetti, Andrea, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Caccianiga, Marco Stefano, Compostella, Chiara, Clague, John, Tielidze, Levan, Messager, Erwan, Choler, Philippe, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Khedim, N, Cecillon, L, Poulenard, J, Barre, P, Baudin, F, Marta, S, Rabatel, A, Dentant, C, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Anthelme, F, Gielly, L, Ambrosini, R, Franzetti, A, Azzoni, R, Caccianiga, M, Compostella, C, Clague, J, Tielidze, L, Messager, E, Choler, P, Ficetola, G, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Milan, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Parc national des Ecrins, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Victoria University of Wellington, Emergence(s) Programme Ville de Paris-European Community Horizon 2020 Programme : 772284-LabEx OSUG@2020 : ANR10 LABX56, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy)
Subjects: Nitrogen, Temperature, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Primary Research Articles, Carbon, chronosequence, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, soil organic matter, climate sensitivity, Primary Research Article, Ice Cover, topsoil development, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, carbon stability
Abstract: Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice‐cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build‐up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410 years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13C, 15N) and carbon functional groups (C‐H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build‐up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants., In glacier forelands all over the world, the organic matter build‐up during the initial stages of topsoil development is strongly modulated by climate: a warmer climate accelerates accumulation of organic matter. We also detected a decreasing thermal stability of soil organic matter along the chronosequences. The observed changes in soil organic matter elemental stoichiometry, aromaticity and stable isotope signature with soil organic matter accumulation suggest an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin during the first centuries of topsoil development.
Published: 2021
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48. Diversity in immunogenomics: the value and the challenge

Author: Lluis Quintana-Murci, Clive M. Gray, Wei Zhang, Houda Alachkar, Serghei Mangul, Ricardo Fujita, Yana Safonova, Cathrine Scheepers, Purvesh Khatri, Carlos Bustamante, Alice B. Popejoy, K.O. Adekoya, Van Mai Cao-Lormeau, Kerui Peng, Malak Abedalthagafi, Petter Brodin, Oscar L. Rodriguez, Vanessa D. Jonsson, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Felix Breden, Martin Corcoran, Rahaman A. Ahmed, Amanda M. Burkhardt, Yusuke Nakamura, Gur Yaari, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Jianming Xie, Maura Rossetti, Victor Greiff, Darragh Duffy, Wei Chiao Chang, Corey T. Watson, Xiao Liu, Mikhail Shugay, William D. Lees, University of Southern California (USC), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, University of Louisville, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [Moscow, Russia], Stanford University, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidad de Tarapaca, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, University of Oslo (UiO), Beckman Research Institute [Duarte, CA], Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School [Shenzhen], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [Riyadh], University of Lagos, Taipei Medical University, TMU-ShuangHo Hospital [New Taipei City], University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa., Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research [Tokyo, Japan], Birkbeck College [University of London], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Y.S. was supported by the National Science Foundation EAGER award (no. 2032783). M.S. is supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation grant no. 075-15-2020-807. A.B.P. and C.D.B. are supported by an award from the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (U41HG009649). C.T.W. and O.L.R. are supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R24AI138963 and R21AI142590. V.G. is supported by a UiO World-Leading Research Community grant, the UiO:LifeScience Convergence Environment Immunolingo, EU Horizon 2020 iReceptorplus (no. 825821) and a Research Council of Norway FRIPRO project (#300740). V.D.J. was supported by an award from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (K12CA001727). The laboratory of L.Q.-M. is supported by the Institut Pasteur, the Collège de France, the CNRS, the Fondation Allianz-Institut de France and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoires d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and ‘Milieu Intérieur’ (ANR-10-LABX-69-01). R.A.A. is supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health under award number D43TW010934. P.K. is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1113682), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (1U19AI109662, U19AI057229, 5R01AI125197), Department of Defense (W81XWH1910235) and Catalyst and Transformational Awards from the Dr. Ralph & Marian Falk Medical Research Trust. C.S. is supported by NIAID of the National Institutes of Health under award number U01AI136677. G.K.H is supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (award number 532 2017-00968). S.M. is partially supported by National Science Foundation grants 2041984., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), University of California (UC), Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [Riyadh] (KACST)
Subjects: Value (ethics), T-Lymphocytes, media_common.quotation_subject, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Biology, Biochemistry, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Immunogenetics, Humans, Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Genomics (q-bio.GN), B-Lymphocytes, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genomics, Cell Biology, 3. Good health, Germ Cells, Evolutionary biology, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Biotechnology, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the fields of immunogenomics and adaptive immune receptor repertoire research are facing both opportunities and challenges. Adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has become an increasingly important tool to characterize T and B cell responses in settings of interest. However, the majority of AIRR-seq studies conducted so far were performed in individuals of European ancestry, restricting the ability to identify variation in human adaptive immune responses across populations and limiting their applications. As AIRR-seq studies depend on the ability to assign VDJ sequence reads to the correct germline gene segments, efforts to characterize the genomic loci that encode adaptive immune receptor genes in different populations are urgently needed. The availability of comprehensive germline gene databases and further applications of AIRR-seq studies to individuals of non-European ancestry will substantially enhance our understanding of human adaptive immune responses, promote the development of effective diagnostics and treatments, and eventually advance precision medicine., 22 pages,1 table
Published: 2021
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49. Non-precious metal cathodes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells from ball-milled iron and nitrogen doped carbide-derived carbons

Author: Vambola Kisand, Andrea Zitolo, Arvo Kikas, Maido Merisalu, Päärn Paiste, Frédéric Jaouen, Kaido Tammeveski, Jaan Leis, Mihkel Rähn, Väino Sammelselg, Maike Käärik, Steven Holdcroft, Sander Ratso, University of Tartu, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics [Tartu], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Oxygen reduction, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Electrocatalyst, 7. Clean energy, Carbide, law.invention, Catalysis, Fe-Nx site, law, Anion exchange membrane fuel cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0601 history and archaeology, Rotating disk electrode, 060102 archaeology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Cathode, Ball-milling, Chemical engineering, Carbide-derived carbon, Electrocatalysis, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Pyrolysis
Abstract: International audience; Iron and nitrogen doping of carbon materials is one of the promising pathways towards replacing Pt/C in polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes. Here, we show a synthesis method to produce highly active non-precious metal catalysts and study the effect of synthesis parameters on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in high-pH conditions. The electrocatalysts are prepared by functionalizing silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiCDC) with 1,10-phenanthroline, iron(II)acetate and, optionally polyvinylpyrrolidone, by ball-milling with ZrO2 in dry or wet conditions, followed by pyrolysis at 800 °C. The catalysts are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, N2 physisorption and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. By optimizing the ball-milling conditions, we achieved a reduction in the size of SiCDC grains from >1 μm to 200 nm without negatively affecting the high BET area of catalysts derived from SiCDC. This resulted in increased ORR activity in both rotating disk electrode and anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) environments, and improved mass-transport properties of the cathode layer in fuel cell. The ORR activity at 0.9 V in AEMFC of the optimized iron and nitrogen-doped SiCDC reaches 52 mA cm−2, exceeding that of a Pt/C cathode at 36.5 mA cm−2.
Published: 2021
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50. Characterization of Late Cretaceous to Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea : An integrated numerical approach of stratigraphic forward modelling and petroleum system modelling

Author: Maria-Fernanda Romero-Sarmiento, François Baudin, Ralf Littke, Fadi H. Nader, W. Susanne Fietz, Sebastian Grohmann, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and coal, and Mineral Resources, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), and Projekt DEAL
Subjects: stratigraphic, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seamount, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Kerogen, ddc:550, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, thermogenic petroleum system offshore, Geology, Cretaceous, Source rock, chemistry, numerical simulation, Facies, Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Cenozoic
Abstract: [Stratigraphic Forwar Modeling was used to simulate the initial spatial‐temporal distribution of organic matter in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic intervals in the greater Levant Basin. The results are in good agreement with geochemical source rock data from Cyprus, Lebanon and the ESM. , Abstract Stratigraphic forward modelling was used to simulate the deposition of Upper Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligo‐Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and, thus, obtain a process‐based 3D prediction of the quantity and quality distribution of organic matter (OM) in the respective intervals. Upper Cretaceous and Eocene models support the idea of an upwelling‐related source rock formation along the Levant Margin and the Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM). Along the margin, source rock facies form a narrow band of 50 km parallel to the palaeo shelf break, with high total organic carbon (TOC) contents of about 1% to 11%, and HI values of 300–500 mg HC/g TOC. On top of the ESM, TOC contents are mainly between 0.5% and 3% and HI values between 150 and 250 mg HC/g TOC. At both locations, TOC and HI values decrease rapidly towards the deeper parts of the basin. In the Oligo‐Miocene intervals, terrestrial OM makes up the highest contribution to the TOC content, as marine organic matter (OM) is diluted by high‐sedimentation rates. In general, TOC contents are low (
Published: 2021
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