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Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a novel imaging technique for in vivo examination of the skin that has recently been introduced in the dermatologic armamentarium of non‐invasive diagnostic tools. Its usefulness in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of some neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious skin conditions has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the LC‐OCT features of psoriasis in a large number of psoriatic plaques along with their histopathologic correlation. In this retrospective study, the LC‐OCT and the corresponding histopathologic images of 100 psoriatic plaques of the trunk, upper and lower arms from 60 patients that underwent both procedures were evaluated and correlated. The following microscopic findings, typical of plaque psoriasis, were observed at both LC‐OCT and histopathology: hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis and vascular changes, Munro microabscesses, and pustules of Kogoj. The LC‐OCT findings perfectly matched with histopathology. Our study confirms the usefulness of this new imaging technique in the non‐invasive visualization of the common diagnostic clues of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of hyaline‐like material in the skin, oral mucosa, larynx, and brain. This study aimed to evaluate the dermatological findings and treatment responses of patients diagnosed with LP. Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients diagnosed with LP at our clinic between May 2018 and January 2023. The diagnosis of LP was established in 22 patients by detecting mutations in the ECM1 gene. In comparison, in 19 patients, it was based on typical clinical findings and histopathological examination of lesioned skin. Clinical and demographic data such as dermatological findings, treatments received, and responses to treatment were recorded from patient files. Results: All patients exhibited skin thickening and acneiform scars. The most commonly observed additional dermatological findings were moniliform blepharosis (60.9%), varioliform scars (29.2%), waxy papules and plaques (24.3%), and blisters with crusts (19.5%). Verrucous lesions, diffuse yellow plaques, and scarring alopecia were observed in adult patients, while hypopigmented lesions and blisters with crusts were seen in the pediatric age group. The most frequently used treatments were acitretin (14.6%) and systemic steroids (9.7%). No improvement in skin lesions was observed in patients treated with acitretin, whereas complete resolution of blisters with crusts was noted in patients treated with systemic steroids. Conclusions: In addition to the existing literature on dermatological manifestations of LP, hypopigmented lesions and atrophoderma vermiculatum‐like lesions can also be observed in these patients. We believe that short‐term systemic steroid therapy for vesiculobullous lesions can be considered for treatment. We think prospective studies with more patients and requiring long‐term follow‐up are needed regarding the effectiveness of acitretin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both xanthogranuloma and xanthoma clinically manifest as yellowish skin lesions. Historically, the gold standard for diagnosis was skin histopathological examination. Currently, the advent of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) offers additional diagnostic support for these diseases by revealing their microscopic features, thereby enhancing the theoretical foundation for diagnosis. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the distinctive characteristics of RCM images in xanthogranuloma and xanthoma, assess their diagnostic value, and investigate the relationship between RCM and histopathological features, ultimately boosting diagnostic accuracy. Methods: RCM and histopathological examinations were conducted on 13 patients with xanthogranuloma and 12 with xanthoma, recruited from our Dermatology Clinic between August 2022 and November 2023. The study involved analyzing RCM image features and correlating them with histopathological findings. Results: The RCM images of 13 xanthogranuloma and 12 xanthoma cases showed similar features. Xanthogranuloma predominantly exhibited epidermal atrophy and thinning in 6 cases (46.15%). Additionally, in 69.23% of cases, scattered small mononuclear inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the superficial and middle dermis layers. Medium to high refractive cells, predominantly vacuolated and resembling foam, were observed in 61.54% of cases. All cases demonstrated high refractive cells with distinct target‐shaped, disc‐shaped, horseshoe‐like, and flower‐ring structures. Concordance rates with histopathological examinations were 69.23, 92.31, 92.31, and 100%, respectively. Regarding xanthoma, epidermal atrophy and thinning occurred in two cases (16.67%), and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 25% of cases. High refractive cells with the previously mentioned shapes were present in 100% of cases, though only 16.67% displayed these characteristics exclusively. The concordance rates were 66.67, 91.67, 100, and 91.67%, respectively. Conclusion: RCM imaging of xanthogranuloma and xanthoma presents distinctive, highly consistent features with their histopathology, offering valuable insights for clinicians in diagnosing and differentiating these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum (SC) pH can help indicate work‐related skin barrier damage, but sensitivity to confounding personal and ambient factors limits their potential as biomonitoring tools. Objectives: To evaluate the difference between hand and forearm skin barrier conditions as a tool for early recognition of workers with occupational contact dermatitis. Participants and Methods: The participants were nursing apprentices (N = 238, median age 19 years) from Zagreb, Croatia. They filled out a questionnaire based on the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire, underwent a clinical examination of skin on the hands, and were evaluated for their TEWL and SC pH on the dorsum of the hand and volar part of the forearm. Results: We found that the difference between hand and forearm TEWL values (ΔTEWL) greater than 7 g/m2/h, or >50%, or the difference in SC ΔpH >0.50, predicted visible skin changes found on clinical examination. However, only the association with ΔpH >0.50 retained statistical significance when controlled for sex, age, ambient temperature, and relative humidity in a multiple regression model. Conclusions: The difference between hand and forearm SC pH values is suggested as a reliable biomonitoring tool in recognition of damaged skin barrier conditions in occupational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymphedema represents a frequent cause of disability for patients undergoing oncological treatments and, being a chronic, non-reversible pathology, requires targeted and continuous rehabilitation treatments. To date, the studies available on the use of ultrasound in patients with lymphedema mainly report descriptive data; therefore, with this study, we wanted to describe in a more objective way the typical ultrasound alterations found in these patients, measuring the thickness of the different superficial structures, and defining subcutis echogenicity. Methods: 14 patients affected by secondary lymphedema of the upper limbs were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study (12 had breast cancer and 2 with melanoma as their primary diagnosis). All patients were classified as stage II according to the ISL classification. Patients were examined between March and July 2023 with a clinical and an ultrasound evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation was performed following a protocol and took into consideration thickness of the cutis, subcutis, superficial and deep fascia, and subcutis echogenicity. Results: The cutis of the affected limbs was thicker in the distal anterior region of the arm and throughout the anterior region of the forearm. The subcutaneous tissue was thicker in the posterior region of the distal arm and throughout the forearm, including the dorsum of the hand and excluding only the proximal posterior region of the forearm. Fascial structures did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in thickness between pathological and healthy limbs, despite undergoing significant changes from a qualitative point of view (loss of the trilaminar skin appearance and the development of anechoic areas due to fluid accumulation around the hyperechoic adipose lobule). A statistically significant difference in the echogenicity of subcutaneous tissue was found at the distal anterior region of the arm and at the entire anterior forearm. Conclusions: High-resolution ultrasound has been confirmed to be a tool capable of supporting the diagnosis of lymphedema and identifying the most compromised regions of the limb. A tailored rehabilitation plan can be developed based on the non-uniform alterations in subcutaneous tissue, where some areas are affected earlier than others. This compartmentalization should be considered in lymphedema staging and management. Ultrasound may provide early detection of these changes, guiding a more precise therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a dearth of information concerning the epidemiology of human scabies in prisons. Therefore, we aimed to assess the burden of scabies and ascertain if prevalence was high enough to warrant mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin in a medium security prison in central Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2022 and recruited inmates at the Kumasi central prison in Ghana. Medical history and demographic information was collected using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants and scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). Results: Of the 559 participants, 19 (3.4%) were female. The median (IQR) age was 36 (33–40) years. There were 368 cases (65.8%) of scabies which was mostly located on the hands, fingers and finger webs. No female inmate had scabies. Scabies severity was predominantly mild (63.3%) or moderate (30.7%). Among males, the median (IQR) number of persons per cell was 115 (56–118) and 7 (7–8) for female prisoners. 79.2% of 96 individuals previously treated in the preceding two months still demonstrated skin manifestations of scabies. Impetigo was found in 12.9% of participants. Seventeen percent of participants with scabies had impetigo compared to 5.8% in individuals without scabies [RR 2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.5)]. Conclusion: A very high proportion of inmates suffered from scabies in the prison. MDA with ivermectin and health education are needed to reduce the burden of scabies in the prison. Its implementation and effectiveness should be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a feasibility study on mobile teledermoscopy for high-risk melanoma patients, aiming to detect skin cancers early. The study involved 75 patients from Australian tertiary centers using a portable teledermoscope connected to their mobile phones. Results showed that mobile teledermoscopy had an 89% treatment concordance with in-person visits and reduced time-to-treatment by 50 days. Participants expressed satisfaction with teledermoscopy but would seek face-to-face opinions if doubtful. The study suggests that mobile teledermoscopy can support conventional practice for selected high-risk patients under specific criteria. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Bozok Veterinary Sciences is the property of Bozok Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to develop an experimental treatment model effective against oxidative stress in the acute period of severe burns and to analyze the mechanisms of healing large wound defects. Five rats, including 2 females and 3 males, were used as donors to obtain adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) from the inguinal fat pad. The stem cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein. The study included four groups of 17 rats, each with grade 3 scalding burns on 30 % of their body surface, and a control group of 10 rats with an equal number of males and females. After early excision, 106 ADSC-derived stem cells were administered subdermally to the burned wound and autografted to the stem cell group (n = 17). The early excision group (n = 17) received early excision and autograft, with 2 ml of normal saline injected subdermally into the burn wound edge. The PLM group (n = 17) was treated with a polylactic membrane (PLM) dressing after the burn. No treatment was given to the burn group (n = 17). Ten rats from all groups were sacrificed on the 4th day post-burn for oxidative stress evaluation. The control group (n = 10) was sacrificed on day 4. Blood and tissue samples were collected post-sacrifice. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood, as well as cell damage in the skin, liver, kidneys, and lungs, were investigated histopathologically and biochemically on the 4th day post-burn. On the 70th day after burn, wound healing was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. On the 4th day, oxidative stress results showed that the levels of Total Oxidative Capacity (TOC) in the blood were lowest in the stem cell (7.4 [6–8.8]), control (6.7 [5.9–7.6]), and early excision (7.5 [6.6–8.5]) groups, with no significant difference between them. The burn group (14.7 [12.5–16.9]) had the highest TOC levels. The PLM group (9.7 [8.6–10.7]) had lower TOC levels than the burn group but higher levels than the other groups. Histopathological examination on the 4th day revealed low liver caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the stem cell and early excision groups among the burn groups. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity levels were as follows: stem cell group (20 [10–30]), early excision group (25 [15–50]), PLM group (70 [50–100]), control group (0), and burn group (80 [60–120]). Other oxidative stress and end-organ damage outcomes were consistent with these results. All rats in the stem cell group had burn wounds that healed completely by the 70th day. Examination of the skin and its appendages from the stem cell group with an immunofluorescence microscope demonstrated green coloration, indicating incorporation of stem cells. Stem cells may have the potential to form new skin and its appendages, providing better healing for large skin defects. Early excision treatment, by removing local necrotic tissues after extensive and deep burns, can prevent end-organ damage due to systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. We also believe that when these two treatments are used together, they can achieve the best results. • Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress occur during the acute phase of severe burns, causing damage to end organs. • Wound healing is an important problem in patients with severe burns if there is not enough space to harvest the skin autograft. • Early excision treatment, which involves clearing local necrotic tissue after extensive and deep severe burns, can prevent end-organ damage. • The stem cells may have the potential to form new skin and its appendages providing better healing for large skin defects. • Combining these two treatments may yield the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective skin barrier parameters in acne patients with and without therapy compared with normal controls are limited. This information could provide more insight into the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and optimal acne treatment. Purpose: To measure and compare skin barrier parameters in a large cohort of acne patients with and without therapy compared with normal controls. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on healthy Thai volunteers. After completing a questionnaire on their general information and skincare routine, volunteers received a full skin examination and were divided into subjects with and without acne. Skin barrier parameters, including the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and sebum production were measured and compared between the two groups. Factors that may affect each parameter were analysed and adjusted for in a multivariate regression analysis. In addition, data from acne patients with and without treatment were evaluated. Results: The study included 316 volunteers (164 acne patients, 152 controls), mostly female (79% acne, 78% controls). The mean age of the acne group was considerably lower than that of the control group (34 vs 48.6 years (p < 0.001)). Acne patients showed significantly higher TEWL (13.16 vs 10.63 g/m²/day, p < 0.001), sebum production (median 3 vs 0 A.U, p = 0.002), and skin hydration (244.60 vs 222.60 uS, p = 0.001). These differences remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, significant differences were observed between controls, acne. Patients receiving and not receiving acne medications. The highest TEWL was observed in acne patients receiving treatment, followed by untreated acne patients and normal controls (p = 0.0003). Skin hydration exhibited a comparable pattern (p = 0.03). Conclusion: There were significantly higher TEWL, sebum production and hydration in acne patients. Acne treatment further impaired the skin barrier. These findings support the possible benefits of moisturisers with barrier-enhancing properties in patients receiving acne medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology is the property of Xi'an Jiaotong University Periodicals Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology is the property of Xi'an Jiaotong University Periodicals Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology is the property of Xi'an Jiaotong University Periodicals Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lymphoma was diagnosed in two wild tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) presented to the Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria. The first case presented with extensive feather loss refractory to treatment. Bacterial and fungal folliculitis and beak and feather disease virus were excluded as primary causes, and the bird was euthanised due to poor response to treatment. Histopathological examination of the skin showed an extensive infiltrate of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes, suggestive of cutaneous lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed >95% of these cells were CD3 positive, consistent with T cell lymphoma. The second case presented debilitated and in poor body condition and was euthanised due to poor prognosis. Histopathological examination revealed extensive infiltrates of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes in multiple tissues, suggestive of disseminated lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed 70%–80% of these leucocytes were Pax5 positive, consistent with a B cell lymphoma. To the authors' knowledge these cases constitute the first report of malignant neoplasms in members of the Order Caprimulgiformes. Cutaneous lymphoma should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for severe feather loss in tawny frogmouths and other avian species, when other more common causes have been ruled out. Similarly, disseminated lymphoma is a differential diagnosis worthy of consideration in cases of systemic debilitation in tawny frogmouths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the frequency of different dermatoses in patients undergoing biopsy for a definitive diagnosis at a tertiary care hospital. Methods A total of 352 patients of both genders (who required biopsy for definitive diagnosis), 12 to 70 years of age were included. Patients with previous history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were excluded. Biopsy was performed after taking consent from the patient or the guardian. Detailed examination of skin was performed for each patient, histopathological evaluation was done and recorded on predesigned proforma (attached). Frequency of various dermatoses were recorded as per-operational definition. Results Frequency of eczema dermatitis was found in 115 (32.67%) patients, papulosquamous disorders like psoriasis in 27 (7.67%), Infectious skin diseases like leishmania in 22 (38.54%), drug reaction in 18 (5.11%) and others diagnosis in 170 (48.30%) patients. Conclusion This study concluded that there should be early recognition and management of these disease in order to improve the quality of life of these particular patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Determining uveitis etiology is a challenge. It is based primarily on demographic data and the characteristics of eye examination. It is not clear to what extent extraocular physical signs contribute to elucidating the etiology. This study aimed to establish the contribution of the clinical extra-ophthalmological features for the assessment of the underlying etiology of uveitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1307 patients with uveitis referred to our tertiary center between 2003 and 2021. Uveitis was classified according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. Clinical features were collected at diagnosis by internists before the etiological diagnosis was made. The main outcome description was the contribution of clinical features. Results: Clinical extra-ophthalmological features contributed to the assessment of the underlying etiology of uveitis in 363 (27.8%) patients. The joint and the skin examinations were the most useful for etiological investigations, respectively in 12.3% and 11.8% of patients. Five etiologies of uveitis accounted for 80% of the cases: sarcoidosis, HLA-B27-related uveitis, Behçet's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Clinical extra-ophthalmological features were particularly important in the etiological diagnosis of acute bilateral anterior uveitis and panuveitis. Conclusion: This study suggests that clinical extra-ophthalmological features are essential for the etiological diagnosis of uveitis in more than a quarter of patients. It demonstrates once again the value of collaboration between ophthalmologists and other specialists experienced in performing extra-ophthalmological clinical examinations, particularly in patients with acute bilateral anterior uveitis and panuveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of infectious endocarditis may be difficult. Dermatological examination in patients with suspected infective endocarditis may prove very useful, as it might reveal suggestive abnormalities of this disease, such as Osler's nodes and Janeway lesions. Osler's nodes are painful, purple nodular lesions, usually found on the tips of the fingers and toes. Herein, we report the case of a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with infectious endocarditis, and basal cell carcinoma was the gateway. This case was of particular interest because of the rarity of the gateway and because it highlighted the importance of skin examination as an essential element in the presumptive diagnosis of infective endocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sami Alsuwaidan,1 Sultan Nasser AlNasser,2 Qais Adel Almuhaideb,3 Mohammad Talal Nouri,4 Abdulelah Abdulhadi Aldossari,2 Alanoud Sultan Alsuhibani,5 Abdulmajeed Alajlan1 1Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Plastic Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Sultan Nasser AlNasser, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556974586, Email SultanAlNasser70@gmail.comObjective (Background): Regular full-body skin examination is commonly ignored in patients post-phototherapy, despite ultraviolet (UV) radiation being carcinogenic. Our objectives are to assess the prevalence of regular follow-up and full-body skin examination for patients treated with phototherapy, as well as the relationship between phototherapy exposure and the development of skin cancer in Saudi Arabia.Methods (Settings, Design): This was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted from January 2022 to July 2022. The study included 99 patients, selected via simple random sampling, from King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who underwent phototherapy for at least 8 weeks and were followed for a minimum of 18 months post-treatment. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were called and given a questionnaire.Results: Out of 99 patients, only 26 (26.26%) underwent full-body skin examinations by their physicians after phototherapy treatment. The average follow-up time after phototherapy was 3.2 years. Most study participants (85.85%) were unaware that cancer was a possible complication of phototherapy. Participants with knowledge about skin cancer complications were more likely to have undergone a full-body exam (P = 0.001). None of the participants developed any type of skin cancer after phototherapy.Conclusion: Patients treated with phototherapy had no adequate information about the risk of skin cancer. The incidence of skin cancer was zero in our small cohort. Dermatologists in Saudi Arabia do not have an evidence-based notion regarding the risk of skin cancer among the Arab population after phototherapy. Since There is a lack of data examining the relationship between phototherapy and skin cancer in the Arab region, this study should trigger future studies with large populations and longer follow up periods.Keywords: phototherapy, skin cancer, skin examination

Objective. This single‐center, prospective, open‐label randomized study aimed to produce a repeatable procedure for isolating platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), maximizing platelet recovery and concentration parameters from the collected material, and to assess the effectiveness of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (concentrated platelet rich plasma C‐PRP and platelet rich plasma low centrifugation concept PRP LCC) and platelet‐rich fibrin (injectable platelet rich fibrin I‐PRF and fluid platelet rich fibrin F‐PRF) injections on skin density and thickness in facial aesthetic treatments. Methods. Twenty participants aged 30–60 underwent a series of three treatments (intervals: 4–6 weeks). The study encompassed the following two stages: a laboratory and a clinical one. In the first stage, the aim was to optimize centrifugation parameters (time and speed) of whole blood to produce the highest quality product for use in aesthetic treatments. Double centrifugation of blood produced the following four types of plasma fractions with different parameters: platelet‐rich plasma (C‐PRP and PRP LCC) and platelet‐rich fibrin (I‐PRF and F‐PRF) each with two different platelet concentrations (202% in the first centrifugation and 148% in the second centrifugation). The total PLT recovery in the procedure was 76%, with an average of 32% in the first centrifugation and that of 44% in the second one. In the clinical stage, treatments involved C‐PRP, PRP LCC, I‐PRF, and F‐PRF injections in the forehead, lower eyelid, and cheek areas. In ultrasound skin examination with randomly assigned measurements for each patient, a series of acoustic density values directly proportional to tissue density was obtained. Thickness of the skin was also determined (µm) by summation of the epidermis and dermis thickness. Measurements were made in the lateral forehead, lower eyelids, and cheek regions. Results. Statistical analysis elucidates the effectiveness of blood‐derivatives therapy in the introduced regiment. The increase in skin density was statistically significant after the following treatment: three sessions in 4–6 week intervals, each consisting of 1 mL of C‐PRP injections in the forehead area, 1 mL of I‐PRF injections in the lower eyelid area, and 3.5 mL of PRP LCC and 3.5 mL of F‐PRF injections in the cheek area. Furthermore, significant improvements in skin density were recorded in the cheek and forehead areas (F(3, 24) = 4.5170 with p = 0.011971 for cheeks and F(3, 24) = 9.2327 with p = 0.000305 for forehead). Lower eyelid skin density and thickness also increased significantly (F(3, 24) = 3.2653, p = 0.038881). No significant changes were noted in skin thickness in the forehead and cheek areas (F(3, 6) = 1.438771, p = 0.321616 for cheeks; F(3, 6) = 2.383248, p = 0.168172 for forehead). Patient satisfaction was high, as evidenced by a GAIS average score of 2.75. Conclusion. The study confirms the efficacy of C‐PRP, PRP LCC and I‐PRF, and F‐PRF injections in increasing skin density and, to a lesser extent, skin thickness in specific facial areas. As a result of this research, ready‐to‐use kits (PLASMOO) for obtaining PRP and PRF were developed and put into production. These findings underscore the potential of autologous plasma and fibrin formulations in aesthetic medicine, which offer substantial improvements in skin quality and patient satisfaction. This trial is registered with ISRCTN10538865. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this cross-sectional field study was to establish the condition of hand and forearm skin barrier among dentists and physicians and how it may be associated with personal and work-related factors. The study consisted of an occupational questionnaire, clinical examination of skin on hands, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pH measurements on hands and forearms. The participants were divided in the following groups (N=37 each, N=148 in total): physicians, medical surgeons, dentists, and dental surgeons. We calculated the difference between hand and forearm TEWL and pH (ΔTEWL and ΔpH, respectively) and divided it by the forearm values (ΔTEWL% and ΔpH%, respectively). There was a clear trend of increasing median ΔTEWL%, starting from physicians with non-surgical specialisation (56 %) to medical surgeons (65 %), dentists (104 %), and dental surgeons (108 %), with the latter two groups showing particularly worrisome signs of work-related skin barrier impairment, since they had double the TEWL on hands than on forearms. Although less prominent, the same worsening trend was noted for skin pH, with dental surgeons having on average a 0.3 points higher skin pH on hands than on forearms. These findings were mainly associated with prolonged glove use and male sex. Our findings also suggest that comparing TEWL and pH between hands and forearms can better establish occupational skin barrier impairment on hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between patient pressure ulcer prevalence and Braden risk assessment scores on the first day of ICU admission. Design: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Settings: The survey was performed in medical and General ICUs of AlBasheer Hospital in Jordan from December 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024. Materials and methods: The Braden Risk Assessment Scale was used to prospectively analyze data from a cohort of hospitalized acutely sick patients to determine the patient's risk of developing pressure ulcers on the first day of intensive care unit admission. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had pressure ulcers. Four risk groups were identified based on their Braden scores: extremely high risk (scores of nine or less), high risk (scores of ten to twelve), moderate risk (scores of thirteen to fourteen), and low risk (scores of fifteen to eighteen). For every patient, the existence or lack of pressure ulcers was noted. The relationship between pressure and Braden risk assessment scores was examined using a cross-tabulation technique. Results: A sample of sixty people participated in this study. A total of 27 individuals experienced at least one pressure ulcer throughout their stay, translating to a 45% incidence of pressure ulcers. According to the univariate analysis, the Braden scale was linked to the emergence of pressure ulcers. Conclusion: The Braden Scale from the initial day of ICU admission is a reliable indicator of the occurrence of pressure ulcers during the inpatient stay. Therefore, management efforts for pressure ulcer risk should focus on early skin examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of the PERP and Akt oncogenes in the induction of skin cancer in FVB/N mice by a stepwise chemical process. Forty four-week-old female FVB/N mice were randomly divided into a control group (n = 8) and two experimental groups (group A: n = 16, group B: n = 16). In the study, the groups were subjected to a two-stage carcinogenesis procedure. This consisted of an initial application of 97.4 nmol DMBA to shaved skin on the back, followed by applications of 32.4 nmol TPA after thirteen weeks for group A and after twenty weeks for group B. The control group received no treatment. Skin conditions were monitored weekly for tumor development. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized for further tissue sampling. Examination of the skin lesions in the experimental groups showed a correlation with tumor progression, ranging from dysplasia to carcinoma. Tumor samples were examined both histologically and immunohistochemically. Notably, and PERP expression was higher in precancerous than in malignant tumors. The differences in expression between precancerous and benign tumors provide further evidence of a role for PERP and Akt in the transition from benign to malignant states. Our findings underscore the critical roles of PERP and Akt in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and suggest their potential as biomarkers for early detection and targets for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-COVID-19 (PC) and post-COVID-19 vaccination (PCV) syndromes are considered emergent multidisciplinary disorders. PC/PCV small fiber neuropathy (SFN) was rarely described and its association with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) was never defined. We aimed to evaluate PC/PCV-UA associated with the recent onset of severe lower limb paresthesia, compare SFN positive (+) to negative (−) patients, and evaluate changes in biomarkers in SFN+ during treatments. Nineteen PC/PCV-UA-patients with possible SFN underwent skin biopsy at the Usl Tuscany Center (Florence) early arthritis outpatient clinic from September 2021 to March 2024. Eight selected SFN+ were compared to ten SFN− patients. In SFN+ patients, baseline joint ultrasound (US), electromyography (EMG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and skin biopsy were repeated at six months. Moreover, SFN+ patients were clinically assessed by a 0–10 numeric rating scale for neurological symptoms and DAS28/ESR up to 12 months follow-up. SFN+ patients showed a lower intraepidermal nerve fiber density at histopathological examination of skin biopsies and a higher frequency of OCT and EMG abnormalities in comparison to SFN− patients. In SFN+ patients, US and DAS28/ESR significantly improved, while intraepidermal nerve fiber density did not significantly change at the six-month follow-up. Fatigue, motor impairment, burning pain, brain fog, and sensitivity disorders decreased at long-term follow-up (12 months). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the role of high‐resolution ultrasound (HR‐US) in the initial and differential diagnosis of the Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tract (OCST) in a multicentric setting. Methods: Skin HR‐US examinations of OCSTs performed between January 2019 and June 2023 at different Institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Epidemiological and clinical data (age, gender, location of the skin lesion, causative tooth, and the clinical suspicion) as well as HR‐US imaging findings (morphology and length of the sinus tract, Doppler signal, and cortical bone interruption of maxilla or mandible) were collected. US examinations were performed by expert radiologists using a high‐performance US scanner, employing a high‐frequency linear probe (15 MHz or higher frequencies). In only one patient the HR‐US exam was integrated with strain elastography (SE). Results: Sixteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 37.6 years (range 16–70 years). The most frequent clinical suspicion was epidermal cyst, while OCST was suspected in only two cases. In all cases, HR‐US depicted the sinus tract as a nodular, triangular or "champignon‐shaped" lesion in the subcutaneous layer, which continued with a slightly tortuous band structure, up to the focally interrupted cortical bone plate. Furthermore, color Doppler evaluation showed color signals around and/or within the lesion, expression of inflammation. On SE, the sinus tract showed a hard pattern, due to fibrous and granulomatous tissue. Conclusions: HR‐US, thanks to its high spatial resolution, allows the evaluation of OCST, and play a crucial diagnostic role, mainly when the clinical suspicious is different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although prisoner health is a topic of significant importance, it has received limited attention in epidemiological studies, likely due to challenges in obtaining data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan. Methods: We examined the presence of skin diseases in 2215 elderly prisoners based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Additionally, the most common types of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan were identified. Results: The prevalence of skin diseases among prisoners was estimated to be 55.03%. Elderly men prisoners exhibited a higher prevalence of skin diseases than the women prisoners. The most common skin diseases observed were as follows: contact dermatitis and other forms of eczema; pruritus and related conditions; cellulitis and abscesses; and urticaria. Conclusion: Skin diseases were identified in more than half of the elderly prisoners. The overall quality of life of elderly prisoners can be improved by addressing their skin health, which would contribute to the fulfilment of their basic human rights. Clinical trials number: NA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different concentrations of Artemisia extract were experimentally tested to treat Lernaea and Argulus infestations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish with different methods. A total number of 210 carps (50 ±10 g) were collected from private farms at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, and divided into 7-groups in triplicate: G1 negative-control (apparently healthy carps), G2 positive-control (infested carps with Lernaea and Argulus), G3: infested carps treated with dipping in a NaCl solution (5g /L for 5 min. for 3 consecutive days), G4-G5: infested carps treated with dipping in a solution of Artemisia extract with concentration 50% and 60% respectively, for 5 minutes, then fishes were accommodated at a recovery tank and inspected for 10 min., G6-G7: infested carps were placed in aquarium supplied with Artemisia extract (3 mg/ L and 6mg/L respectively, for 15 consecutive days). The results revealed that Artemisia extract had a noticeable positive effect on survival, recovery of infested carps and the parasitic elimination% which increased proportionally with increasing the concentration of the extract, whereas the best results were obtained at G5. Also, there were an improvement in serum biochemical parameters (increased total protein, albumin and globulin with reduced AST, ALT, creatinine and urea), which were proportionally improved with increasing both concentration and the duration of exposure to the extract, (especially at G7). Gross and histopathological examination and alterations of skin, gills, liver and intestine also revealed a noticeable improvement to the normal in the groups treated with Artemisia extract in comparison with G2 especially G6 and G7. Consequently, application of Artemisia extract is a safe and optimal method for treatment of Argulus and Lernaea parasitism in cultured carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Australasian Journal of Dermatology discusses a case of melanoma arising in an involuting naevus in a 35-year-old female with a history of melanoma. The patient underwent routine skin examinations and sequential digital dermatoscopic imaging (SDDI) before the melanoma was detected. The study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring for high-risk melanoma patients and the efficacy of the 'two-step method of digital follow-up' in surveillance. The authors emphasize the need for continued vigilance and re-evaluation of lesions even after monitoring is suspended. [Extracted from the article]

Blood-feeding behavior has independently evolved in arthropods multiple times. Unlike hard ticks, soft ticks employ a rapid-feeding strategy for hematophagy, and there are comparatively limited studies on the transcriptomes of these organisms. This study investigates the soft tick Ornithodoros hermsi, conducting histopathological examinations at bitten skin sites and tick whole-body transcriptomic analyses across various developmental and feeding stages, including larvae, 1st-nymphal, and 2nd-nymphal stages. The results revealed the ability of O. hermsi to induce skin hemorrhage at the bite sites. Transcriptomic analyses identified three consistent transcriptional profiles: unfed, early-fed (6 h, 12 h, 24 h), and late-fed (5 days). The unfed profile exhibited high transcriptional activity across most of the functional classes annotated. In contrast, early-fed stages exhibited decreased expression of most functional classes, except for the unknown, which is highly expressed. Finally, transcriptional expression of most functional classes increased in the late-fed groups, resembling the baseline expression observed in the unfed groups. These findings highlight intense pre-feeding transcriptional activity in O. hermsi ticks, aligning with their rapid-feeding strategy. Moreover, besides shedding light on the temporal dynamics of key pathways during blood meal processing and tick development, this study contributes significantly to the transcriptome repertoire of a medically relevant soft tick species with relatively limited prior knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is rising, necessitating early detection and identification of risk factors across different populations. A case–control study with 180 patients with primary diagnosed CM and 182 healthy controls was conducted. Participants underwent ophthalmic and skin examinations, where the identification and counting of common melanocytic nevi (CMN) and atypical melanocytic nevi (AMN) was performed. During ophthalmic examination, high-resolution slit lamp iris images were taken. Images were categorized according to iris periphery, collaret, and freckles. There was no difference in iris periphery and collaret color between groups. However, blue/grey iris periphery and blue collaret with or without freckles were the most common patterns. The presence of pigmented iris lesions and 2–5 mm and ≥5 mm in diameter CMNs was strongly associated with CM risk. The evidence from this study indicates that blue or grey periphery and blue collaret iris pattern with iris freckles are 2.74 times higher in the CM group than controls. Further research is needed to explore iris patterns' association with CM risk in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, there is a great emphasis on aesthetic procedures in the treatment of dermatological disorders. However, to achieve satisfactory results, it is crucial to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, since the causes of these disorders go beyond localized changes in the skin and can involve other parts of the body, such as the intestine. Objective: Knowing the importance of food in intestinal and skin health, through the intestine skin axis, this study seeks to relate intestinal dysbiosis, with a diet poor in prebiotics and probiotics, with dermatological disorders in women who sought aesthetic care. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with 20 women attending an aesthetic clinic in Francisco Beltrão - PR, Brazil. An aesthetic anamnesis was performed to assess skin care habits and visual examination of the skin, a metabolic tracking questionnaire, a Bristol fecal scale, a food frequency questionnaire, and weight and height measurements were also applied. Results: It was possible to observe that the consumption of pre and probiotics in most of the listed foods was not adequate and that the consumption of whole milk and the non-consumption of beans may be associated with the presence of skin sensitivity. Conclusion: Further studies are suggested, especially longitudinal and intervention studies, to elucidate the issues raised in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare aggressive malignancy that most commonly manifests in White men older than 60 years and often appears as an enlarging ecchymosis on the head, neck, or scalp. Surgery with negative margins is the first-line treatment. The role of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is uncertain but can be used in smaller, well-circumscribed lesions on the head and neck. The greatest impact that dermatologists can have in the management of CAS is through a thorough total-body skin examination and heightened awareness resulting in a shortened time to diagnosis. Until quality evidence allows for the creation of consensus guidelines, multidisciplinary care at a cancer center that specializes in rare difficult-to-treat tumors is essential in optimizing patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Full‐body skin examination (FSE) is a vital practice in the diagnosis of cutaneous malignancy. Precisely how FSE should be conducted with respect to concealed site inclusion remains poorly elucidated. Objective: To establish the approach of Australian dermatologists to concealed site examination (CSE). Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed consisting of an online self‐administered 11‐question survey delivered to fellows of the Australasian College of Dermatologists. Results: There were 237 respondents. Anogenitalia was the least often examined concealed site (4.6%), and 59.9, 32.9, and 14.3% reported always examining the scalp, breasts, and oral mucosa, respectively. Patient concern was the most frequently cited factor prompting examination, while many cited low incidence of pathology and limited chaperone availability as the main barriers to routine examination of these sites. Conclusion: Most Australian dermatologists do not routinely examine breasts, oral mucosal, or anogenital sites as part of an FSE. Emphasis should be made on identifying individual patient risk factors and education regarding self‐examination of sensitive sites. A consensus approach to the conduct of the FSE, including concealed sites, is needed to better delineate clinician responsibilities and address medicolegal implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound assessment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in the pre-therapeutical setting is becoming increasingly popular in the field of dermatosurgery and dermatooncology, as it can provide clinicians with relevant, "in vivo" parameters regarding tumor lateral and depth extension as well as potential locoregional spread, cancelling the need of more extensive imaging methods and avoiding a delay in diagnosis. Furthermore, preoperative sonography and color Doppler can aid in orienting the clinical diagnosis, being able in numerous situations to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, which require a different therapeutic approach. This preoperative knowledge is of paramount importance for planning an individualized treatment regimen. Using sonography at the time of diagnosis, important surgical complications, such as neurovascular damage, can be avoided by performing a preoperative neurovascular mapping. Furthermore, sonography can help reduce the number of surgical steps by identifying the lesions' extent prior to surgery, but it can also spare unnecessary surgical interventions in cases of locally advanced lesions, which infiltrate the bone or already present with locoregional metastases, which usually require modern radiooncological therapies in accordance to European guidelines. With this review, we intend to summarize the current indications of sonography in the field of skin cancer surgery, which can help us improve the therapeutic attitude toward our patients and enhance patient counseling. In the era of modern systemic radiooncological therapies, sonography can help better select patients who qualify for surgical procedures or require systemic treatments due to tumoral extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full body skin examinations (FBSEs) are part of the purview of a dermatologic examination. Because this involves examination of sensitive or intimate areas, there are many ethical issues involved. Herein, we discuss whether screening patients with an FBSE is ethical and consistent with the ethical tenet of distributive justice, how to ethically deal with our patients with disabilities, how to ethically navigate patients who have been emotionally or physically traumatized in the past, and the ethical ramifications of the use of a chaperone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature demonstrates practice gaps in performance of the genital skin examination. To further elucidate and understand these practice gaps, we surveyed dermatologist and obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) attending and resident physicians. Analysis of 73 dermatology survey responses revealed a lack of satisfaction with training received in examination of the female genitalia. Moreover, examination of 69 OB/GYN survey responses showed a lack of satisfaction with residency training received to identify high risk skin lesions. Interestingly, only 52.2% of OB/GYN respondents inspect perianal skin during pelvic region examinations. Our results highlight the need to improve residency training through standardization of breast/genitalia skin examinations during both dermatology and OB/GYN residency and for increased collaboration between specialties.

Background: Wrinkle formation is the most visible characteristic of facial aging. Radiofrequency (RF) technology is currently utilized to reduce facial wrinkles and contribute to skin rejuvenation. Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of a noninvasive, home‐based RF device applied for facial rejuvenation in Chinese people. Methods: A single‐center, open‐label, intraindividual controlled trial was performed on subjects who received an 8‐week treatment of the RF device. A total of 22 female individuals aged 25–60 years with Fitzpatrick skin type III–IV were enrolled. Efficacy of treatment was subjectively evaluated using the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification Scale (FWCS) assessed by physician or overall satisfaction of subject with a 10‐point VAS, and objectively using the skin ultrasound examination as well as the 3D skin analysis system. Adverse event was recorded at each visit. Results: In comparison with the baseline, evaluator‐assessed FWCS scores showed significant improvement at 4 weeks (p < 0.005) and 8 weeks (p < 0.005) after treatment. All subjects reported different degrees of improvement in facial wrinkles after 8 weeks of treatment. The results of skin ultrasound examination revealed significant increase of the dermal thickness at week 8 (p < 0.05) as compared to the baseline. In addition, a significant decrease in the proportion and density of perioral wrinkles evaluated by the 3D skin analysis system was observed from baseline to week 4. The treatment was well‐tolerated, and no serious adverse event was observed. Conclusion: This noninvasive, home‐based RF device was effective in improving skin texture and elasticity with a safe and well‐tolerated treating procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of skin diseases varies geographically due to factors, such as etiology, environment, genetics, and lifestyle. The current study aimed to determine the incidence and distribution of skin disorders and to provide a description of the histomorphological spectrum. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of two years, from June 2021 to May 2023. A total of 202 skin biopsy samples were evaluated. The histopathological examination of the lesions categorized them into eight groups based on the site, pattern of involvement, and cytological features, according to the Lever’s Histopathology of the Skin. Group 1 consisted of diseases limited to the epidermis and stratum corneum; group 2 consisted of diseases with localized superficial epidermal or melanocytic proliferation; group 3 consisted of diseases of the superficial cutaneous reactive unit; group 4 included diseases with acantholytic, vesicular, and pustular morphology; group 5 included diseases with perivascular, diffuse, and granulomatous infiltrate of the reticular dermis; group 6 included tumors and cysts of the dermis and subcutis; group 7 consisted of inflammatory disorders of skin appendages; and group 8 consisted of disorders of the subcutis. Results: A total of 202 skin biopsies were collected from individuals aged 8-87 years. The majority of the cases belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. The trunk was the most common site of biopsy, accounting for 40% of the cases, followed by the upper limb in 25% of the cases. Histopathological lesions were categorized into eight groups based on the site, pattern, and cytological features. Neoplastic lesions, both benign and malignant, accounted for 10.9% of the cases. The majority of the lesions were related to group 6, accounting for 38.1% of the cases, with the epidermal cyst being the most common lesion (7.92%). Basal cell carcinoma, observed in 2.97% of the cases, was the most common lesion among the neoplastic lesions. Group 5 lesions were the third most common (19.8%), with leprosy accounting for 9.4% of these cases. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of skin biopsies is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, and it is often supported by ancillary techniques. Leprosy was the most common disease identified in this study, which underscores the importance of effective preventive measures for control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are groups of mycoses caused by several agents and show different clinical manifestations. We report a case of an immunocompromised patient who presented rare manifestations of opportunistic mycoses: mycetoma-like hyalohyphomycosis on his right foot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, followed by cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis on his right forearm caused by Exophiala oligosperma. Further to the rarity of this case, the patient's lesion on the foot shows that the clinical aspects of mycetomas could falsely appear in other fungal infections similar to hyalohyphomycosis. We also show that the muriform cells that were seen in the direct and anatomopathological examination of the skin are not pathognomonic of chromoblastomycosis, as observed in the lesion of the patient's forearm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in high-risk individuals. Total body photography (TBP) is currently used to monitor melanocytic lesions in patients with high risk for melanoma. The authors examined if three-dimensional (3D)-TBP could be useful for diagnosis of NMSC. Methods: Patients (n = 129; 52 female, 77 male) with lesions suspicious for NMSC who had not yet had a biopsy underwent clinical examination followed by examination of each lesion with 3D-TBP Vectra®WB360 (Canfield Scientific, Parsippany, NJ, USA) and dermoscopy. Results: The 129 patients had a total of 182 lesions. Histological examination was performed for 158 lesions; the diagnoses included basal cell carcinoma (BCC; n = 107), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 27), in-situ SCC (n = 15). Lesions were located in the head/neck region (n = 138), trunk (n = 21), and limbs (n = 23). Of the 182 lesions examined, 12 were not visible on 3D-TBP; reasons for not being visible included location under hair and on septal of nose. Two lesions appeared only as erythema in 3D-TBP but were clearly identifiable on conventional photographs. Sensitivity of 3D-TBP was lower than that of dermoscopy for BCC (73% vs. 79%, p = 0.327), higher for SCC (81% vs. 74%, p = 0.727), and lower for in-situ SCC (0% vs. 33%, p = 125). Specificity of 3D-TBP was lower than that of dermoscopy for BCC (77% vs. 82%, 0.581), lower for SCC (75% vs. 84%, p = 0.063), and higher for in-situ SCC (97% vs. 94%, p = 0.344). Diagnostic accuracy of 3D-TBP was lower than that of dermoscopy for BCC (75% vs. 80%), lower for SCC (76% vs. 82%), and lower for in-situ SCC (88% vs. 89%). Lesion location was not associated with diagnostic confidence in dermoscopy (p = 0.152) or 3D-TBP (p = 0.353). If only lesions with high confidence were included in the calculation, diagnostic accuracy increased for BCC (n = 27; sensitivity 85%, specificity 85%, diagnostic accuracy 85%), SCC (n = 10; sensitivity 90%, specificity 80%, diagnostic accuracy 83%), and for in-situ SCC (n = 2; sensitivity 0%, specificity 100%, diagnostic accuracy 95%). Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy appears to be slightly lower for 3D-TBP in comparison to dermoscopy. However, there is no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity of 3D-TBP and dermoscopy for NMSC. Diagnostic accuracy increases, if only lesions with high confidence are included in the calculation. Further studies are necessary to determine if 3D-TBP can improve management of NMSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Much has been written and spoken about telemedicine since about two decades including an article in this journal at the start of the pandemic. It took a global catastrophe to enforce its usage across the world in various medical specialties. Telemedicine however remains unstructured, unregulated and lacks uniformity. Discussion: This article highlights the practical learnings and opinions of the authors who provided over two thousand video consults and asynchronous telemedicine services through the entire pandemic. It includes lessons learnt from emerging economies where pediatric rheumatologists are scarce. Pediatric rheumatology, which relies heavily on history, musculoskeletal and skin examination is aptly suited to exploit telemedicine in its synchronous and asynchronous forms. Pediatric tele rheumatology could temporarily address the shortage and uneven distribution of specialists in vast parts of the globe, besides serving as a method of triage and shared care with the primary physician. Reduction of direct and indirect costs and family/primary physician education are additional benefits. There also exist challenges for all stakeholders and it is important to address the latter. Conclusion: The learnings of the pandemic suggest a vital role for telemedicine in the practice of pediatric rheumatology. This is a fertile area for research and consensus building by international and national pediatric societies and issue position statements like some adult bodies already have. The authors speculate a hybrid system of care in the not-so-distant future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The skin of American alligators became lighter when animals were exposed to light colored environments. This change occurred over 2–3 months, and was caused by increased pigmented cells in the dermal layers of the skin. Alligators hatch with bright vertical yellow and black stipes that presumably function as camouflage in emergent vegetation. However, the yellow stripes gradually fade/darken until alligators become a homogenous dark gray/black color as adults. Because alligators live in more temperate climates than other crocodilians, we propose that the loss of yellow stripes might help alligators thermoregulate more efficiently during colder months. We measured the brightness of stripes on wild alligators of a broad spectrum of sizes from three different latitudinal locations within their natural range: northern (South Carolina), central (south Louisiana/southeast Texas), and southern (South Florida). The alligators in South Carolina lost stripes faster as they grew larger, while the alligators in the middle portion of the range became darker at a slower rate, and animals in south Florida lost their stripes at an even slower rate. The loss of stripes at different rates might allow alligators to be more efficient at thermal regulation in the different areas that they inhabit. To assess skin color change in alligators, we maintained animals in differently lighted environments and also measured skin colors in an ontogenetic series of wild animals. Juvenile alligators maintained in black enclosures exhibited a gradual lightening of skin color when shifted to white enclosures, and these observed changes were reversible. A histological examination of the skins of alligators maintained in dark tanks showed that the dermis exhibited a dense layer of pigmented cells, while samples from the same animals in light environments exhibited a more diffuse pigmented layer. As alligators grow, they exhibit an ontogenetic loss of stripes that may aid in crypsis and predation. Hatchlings have intense black and yellow vertical stripes that darken with age; adults are a more homogenous black/gray color. Since alligators live in temperate climates and adults have lower surface area/volume ratios, which can be detrimental for the absorption of radiant energy, the darker color of larger animals may also aid in thermoregulation. Alligators at the northern end of their range, with colder climates, exhibited darker skin tones, and the ontogenetic extinction of stripes occurred at a more accelerated rate compared to animals in southern, warmer regions, supporting the idea that latitude-dependent ontogenetic color shift has a role in thermoregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has found that physical attractiveness is related to a host of benefits across life outcomes. Within the field of criminal justice, physical attractiveness appears to afford individuals leniency at various decision points. This research, however, often fails to include measures of personal presentation beyond simply measuring physical attractiveness. The current study extends this line of research by investigating how physical attractiveness, personality attractiveness, and grooming are related to criminal justice processing decisions. Results from negative binomial and logistic regression analyses indicate that when assessed alone, physical attractiveness significantly decreased the odds of criminal behavior by 18 percent, arrest by 11 percent, conviction by 14 percent, and incarceration by 28 percent—controlling for race, age, and gender. When controlling for personality and grooming, however, physical attractiveness results in a 47 to 53 percent increase in the risk of experiencing these outcomes while having an attractive personality and being well-groomed significantly reduced such risk. These results highlight the importance of considering other factors of appearance and personal presentation when considering how attractiveness influences criminal justice outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mucus layer covering the skin of fish has several roles, including protection against pathogens and mechanical damage. While the mucus layers of various bony fish species have been investigated, the composition and glycan profiles of shark skin mucus remain relatively unexplored. In this pilot study, we aimed to explore the structure and composition of shark skin mucus through histological analysis and glycan profiling. Histological examination of skin samples from Atlantic spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) sharks and chain catsharks (Scyliorhinus retifer) revealed distinct mucin-producing cells and a mucus layer, indicating the presence of a functional mucus layer similar to bony fish mucus albeit thinner. Glycan profiling using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry unveiled a diverse repertoire of mostly O-glycans in the mucus of the two sharks as well as little skate (Leucoraja erinacea). Elasmobranch glycans differ significantly from bony fish, especially in being more sulfated, and some bear resemblance to human glycans, such as gastric mucin O-glycans and H blood group-type glycans. This study contributes to the concept of shark skin having unique properties and provides a foundation for further research into the functional roles and potential biomedical implications of shark skin mucus glycans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In reticular erythematous mucinosis, (1) the presence of dotted vessels and (2) uniform, structureless, yellowish‐white spots, and patches on dermoscopy correspond to histopathological findings of (1) vessels at the tips of the dermal papillae and (2) thickening and rupture of the collagen and fiber bundles with mucin deposition, respectively. Reticular erythematous mucinosis is a rare form of skin mucinosis that primarily affects middle‐aged women, typically appearing as papules and plaques in the upper chest or midline of the back. Here, we report the case of a 75‐year‐old woman with skin papules and plaques left untreated for 8 years. A gross skin examination was followed by histopathological and dermoscopic examinations. The main dermoscopic findings were (1) dotted vessels and (2) uniform structureless yellowish‐white spots and patches. The corresponding histopathological findings were (1) vessels at the tips of the dermal papillae and (2) thickening and rupturing of the collagen and fiber bundles with mucin deposition, respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed normal results, ruling out various autoimmune disorders. REM was diagnosed based on these findings. The study presents relevant evidence‐based findings in dermatology and cutaneous pathology as it is the first description of REM using dermoscopy. Dermoscopic diagnosis without other unnecessary tests would benefit both the clinician and the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The skin barrier is the cornerstone of skin function. Evaluations of its morphological aspects, protein content and gene expression are necessary to study atopic dermatitis. Many human studies have assessed the presence of biomarkers in the skin of atopic patients. In dogs, previous biomarker studies have been performed using skin biopsies, which are invasive. This prospective blinded experimental pilot study aimed to evaluate the relevance of a noninvasive technique to extract information from the stratum corneum in dogs with the goal of facilitating future studies on atopic dermatitis. To evaluate the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC) must be isolated and extracted. Currently, skin biopsy is the gold standard method to investigate skin immunology and the presence of biomarkers in dogs. However, a standardized, non-invasive tool to exclusively remove the SC would be of great interest to study healthy and atopic dogs. In this study, we performed D-squames® tape stripping with standardized pressure on seven healthy beagle dogs. A control site was defined and then 25 strips, 50 strips and as many strips as needed to achieve a shiny appearance of the skin were performed on three different experimental sites. After stripping, blinded histopathological examination of a skin biopsy from each site was performed. The number of tape strips required for the skin to become shiny varied between individuals, with a mean of 40 (29–50) strips. There was no significant difference in SC depth between the control site and the site that underwent 25 tape strips. In contrast, the use of 50 strips removed almost all of the SC, with a mean remaining SC depth of 7.82 µm. These data suggest that this non-invasive method can effectively remove the SC, with individual variability, and that a shiny appearance of the skin after stripping can be used as an accurate marker of SC removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nowadays patients want to get an immediate result from skin rejuvenation techniques without sign of injections and consequent limitations in social life. Therefore, the least traumatic, more effective, and longer lasting treatment approach for skin quality improvement should be favored.Purpose: Assess skin quality outcomes by clinical examination and self-reporting in patients treated with two non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) products, injected by cannula. Investigate the skin thickness and the longevity of dermal fillers in soft tissues by ultrasound examination.Patients and Methods: Fifteen female patients (mean age 41 years) were selected for injection with two non-crosslinked HA products (one for each hemiface and hemi neck). Subdermal injections were performed bilaterally and the retrograde linear fanning technique with a 25G 50 mm cannula from three entry points was used. An ultrasound examination of the skin layers thickness was carried out before the procedure and every 6– 7 days up to three weeks, when patients skin quality improvement was assessed by GAIS (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale) and patients asked about their satisfaction level.Results: On the right hemiface, the use of the non-crosslinked HA-product with lidocaine was not associated with pain in the sites of injection. On both face sides, the signs of bruising or edema were minor and not associated with downtime or social life limitation after the procedure. After three weeks, despite both injected products could not be detected by ultrasound technique, signs of skin stimulation and skin layers hydration were still observed: The dermis became thicker on both hemifaces while the epidermis became thinner but showed more pronounced radiance and densification effect on the right hemiface.Conclusion: Subdermal injections of non-crosslinked HA "skin boosters" could be a good option for minimal traumatic and effective 3-week lasting skin quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an infrequent, aseptic neutrophilic dermatosis that can be observed in patients with systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatic disorders. Due to its rare entity, PG often constitutes a diagnostic enigma, as it simulates other skin disorders. Typically, it is displayed as painful, ulcerative lesions localized to the lower extremities. In our study, we present a case of a 67-year-old woman with recently diagnosed ulcerative colitis who presented with two painful ulcers, one on the left anterior tibia and the other one on the left subclavian area. Initially, their clinical image overlapped with skin abscess. However, taking into account patient's medical history, skin examination, sterile wound cultures and skin biopsy, the diagnosis of PG was established. The patient was completely recovered with high doses of corticosteroids, daily wound changes and surgical intervention involving loose wound edge approximation. In this study, we highlight that clinicians should always be aware of patient's medical history in such cases, in order to early diagnose PG and avoid inaccurate medical approaches which might have an impact on patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duration of acceptable delay until subsequent total body skin examination, given prior history of skin cancer or lesions suspicious for skin cancer: A cross-sectional survey In particular, delays of slightly over 2 months can be tolerated for follow-up skin checks after cSCC or melanoma, but when a patient reports a concerning lesion, they should be seen ideally within a month. Total body skin examinations (TBSE) are a mainstay of surveillance for newly emerging skin cancers. [Extracted from the article]

The ongoing challenges posed by COVID‐19 are concerning for their impact on successful detection and recognition of melanoma as total body skin examinations and skin biopsies are critical for identifying early‐stage melanoma and intervening before progression to metastatic disease. A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted on or before August 1, 2022, using the search terms ("skin" AND "COVID‐19"), (["skin cancer" AND "COVID‐19"] OR ["skin cancer" AND "coronavirus"]), (["melanoma" AND "COVID‐19"] OR ["melanoma" AND "coronavirus"]), ("dermatology" AND "COVID‐19"), and ("cutaneous" AND "COVID‐19"). Eight articles representing Belgium, Chile, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States were included. Four articles analyzed changes in the proportion of in situ melanoma at diagnosis and consistently reported decreases, with an overall decrease ranging from 7.6 to 40.4%. Five studies analyzed changes in the proportion of melanoma diagnoses by staging, but no clear changes in staging patterns were observed. Five studies analyzed changes in the mean Breslow thickness of melanoma diagnoses and consistently reported increases, with an overall increase ranging from 4.0 to 38%. Disruptions to proper diagnosis and treatment of melanoma are creating undue morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs as the pandemic continues. Continued research with improved, centralized data collection is needed to better address the COVID‐19 pandemic's ongoing challenge to appropriate detection and treatment of melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]