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In the present study, we have presented a case study of a patient with AMI (acute myocardial infarction) undergoing coronary angiography. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, instrumental, and laboratory data. Nursing care is of great importance in the complex treatment of this disease, both preoperatively and postoperatively. To this end, the nurse prepares a plan for nursing care, including the nursing interventions that will help achieve the goal. That plan is a thought construct that involves developing clinical thinking skills, assessing risk situations, and making adequate decisions.

Annual data provided by worldwide organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA), the American Institute of Stress (AIS), and the Mental Health Foundation show that education and health professions are under the most stress. Although burnout and stress are usually associated with a more mature age, results from modern studies show that younger generations (18–24) experience a higher level of stress and anxiety than older ones, with the leading cause of this phenomenon being associated with increased expectations and the pressure to exceed them. According to WHO data, suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds, with depression being one of the leading diseases in this age group.These alarming statistics draw particular attention to the mental health of medical students, who, in addition to falling into the risky age group, are exposed to a high amount of stress from their chosen professional environment. Given the global shortage of health care workers and high dropout rates among trainees, implementing stress management programs for medical students is becoming an increasingly topical issue.The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of stress on students studying medical specialties and on their quality of life throughout their study period.The results obtained revealed increased stress levels among the respondents. This data proves the negative impact of stress on students' mental and physical health and decreases their quality of life. Such concerning findings undoubtedly highlight the need for increased attention to the problem and the search for alternatives to minimize stress levels among medical students.

In the past, the nursing profession has relied on theories from other disciplines such as medicine, philosophy, and sociology. With the dynamic development of nursing from a practical and research perspective, the inevitability of developing specific conceptual models of care and theories to outline a philosophical framework for the profession arises. Models of nursing care should be studied as part of the theoretical training of future health workers, as they instill basic professional principles, skills, and responsibilities in medical nursing students.All this is then fundamental to the continuing development of nursing and supports the expansion of its autonomous functions. Students of the Medical Nurse specialty play a key role in the continuity and development of nursing, which in turn prompts the study of their opinions on the importance of conceptual models of care in their professional training.The purpose of this study is to collect the opinions of students from the specialty Medical Nurse, trained at the Medical Faculty of Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, about the importance of conceptual models of care in their academic and practical education. Future health professionals' interest in and attention to conceptual models in their professional training has decreased. The majority of participants believe that conceptual models are sufficiently studied, yet they do not regard them as the foundations of medical nursing. These alarming results point to weaknesses in the overall structure, assessment, and control of nursing training activities and, accordingly, a decrease in the level of services provided.

The main aim of the research is to identify the potential of location-based gamification apps for promoting tourist destinations. The specific goal is to investigate and evaluate the existing gamified apps for Sofia and reveal their potential as a marketing tool for enhancing the capital as a tourist destination. The study is based on a literature review on the topic and desk research of the available location-based gamification apps for promoting Sofia as a tourist destination thus allowing a comparative analysis of the main attributes of the gamified apps to be made. The qualitative research technique of using key informants is also applied, providing an expert source of information and a deeper insight into current and potential practices in the research area and their effectiveness. The results indicate that this has the greatest potential for further engagement of users and the co-creation of products and services as well as for raising awareness of the destination. The main limitations are related to the fact that they are a relatively new and little-known marketing tool in the field of tourism, and this predetermines a lack of sufficient knowledge and experience for their use for promotional purposes.

Here, we revisit the existing concepts of the vertical structure of deep layers in the Black Sea using data from sensors deployed on profiling floats. The deep transition layer (DTL) between 700 and 1,700 m acts as an interface between the baroclinic layer and the largest bottom convective layer (BCL) of the world oceans. On top of DTL are the warm intermediate layer and deep cold intermediate layer. They both showed strong trends in the last 15 years due to warmer climate and intensification of warmer intrusions from Bosporus. A “salinity wave” was detected in 2005–2009 below ∼1,700 m, which evidenced for the first time the penetration of gravity flow from Bosporus down to the bottom. The layering of water masses was explained as resulting from the different distribution of sources of heat and salt, double diffusion, and balances between the geothermal and salinity flows in the BCL. © 2020. The Authors., Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (2), ISSN:0094-8276, ISSN:1944-8007

Globalization challenges the state-centric realist view of space and authority within International Relations. Using multifaceted concepts of territoriality and non-territoriality, this article goes into three versions of current territorial fragmentation or connectivity – deterritorialization, extraterritorialization and reterritorialization. They are to enable us to reveal the proliferation of globally relevant social and power dynamics above, below and within the state domain. At the same time, they are to illuminate the ambivalent role of states played in an era of global interconnectedness.

Aims We aimed to evaluate some specific conditions for growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC and its bacteriocin expression through ABC transporters; to purify the bacteriocin and determine its sequence; and to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of the purified bacteriocin(s). Methods and results The results presented for growth behaviour of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC showed that the bacterial growth was slightly influenced when cultured in MRS broth with different amounts of inoculum: 1, 2, 5 and 10%. The bacteriocin activity increased when 5 and 10% inocula were used. The carbon source (glucose) used in different amounts (1, 2, 3 or 4%) had no significant effect on growth and bacteriocin production. The studied strain P. pentosaceus ST65ACC was able to metabolize xylooligosaccharide (XOS) as the sole carbon source, resulting in the production of an antimicrobial peptide. The genes involved in the ABC transport system and sugar metabolism of P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were expressed at different levels. The bacteriocin produced by P. pentosaceus ST65ACC was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (40% saturation), followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, resulting in the identification of an active bacteriocin. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the partial sequence KYYGNGVTCGKHSCSVDWGK sharing high similarity to coagulin A. The semi-purified bacteriocin had low cytotoxicity based on estimated values for maximal nontoxic concentration (MNC) and cytotoxicity concentration (CC50 ). Conclusions The bacteriocin produced by P. pentosaceus ST65ACC is similar to coagulin, with low cytotoxicity, strong antimicrobial activity and possible additional metabolite routes in the producer cell. In addition to MRS broth, bacteriocin was produced also in medium containing XOS (as the single carbon source). Significance and impact of the study To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of evaluation of the role of ABC transporters in the expression of bacteriocin by P. pentosaceus, cultured in MRS and XOS.

International audience; The core of this paper is the modal correspondence theory in the class of all Euclidean frames. It shows that with respect to the class of all Euclidean frames, every modal formula is first-order definable and the problem of deciding the modal definability of sentences is undecidable.

International audience; This note presents a necessary and sufficient condition for small time controllability of a specific class of piece-wise linear systems. These systems are linear in four areas determined in the state space by two hyperplanes with a nonempty intersection. On the hyperplanes the systems appear to be discontinuous. Our main result extends the classical Kalman criterion for controllability to the case of piece-wise linear control systems with controls taking values in closed convex cones.

International audience; Methods for the evaluation of the accidental coincidences counting rates in Triple-to-Double Coincidences Ratio (TDCR) Liquid Scintillation (LS) measurements have been proposed recently [1]. The methods were used in this study where the corrections for accidental coincidences are applied to TDCR measurements of different radionuclides with a wide range of activities and in different measurement conditions. The contribution of the accidental coincidences to the true coincidences counting rates is evaluated. The corrections for accidental coincidences are also applied to TDCR measurements of 18F with counting rates from 430000 s-1 to 150 s-1. The contribution of the accidental coincidences for each order of magnitude of the counting rate is presented. The effect of the accidental coincidences to the evaluated half-life of 18F is presented and discussed.This study also shows how the corrections can be extended to a four-detector system as used in the Compton Source Efficiency Tracing (CSET) method [2] or the Zombies method [3]. For such detector systems, employing an external gamma-ray source and a Compton spectrometer, the counting rate in the LS must be very high to observe a reasonable counting rate in the gamma-ray detector. In this case the correction for accidental coincidences is far from negligible.

Funding Information: This open-access publication was funded by the University of Freiburg. Funding Information: Financial support. The project is supported by the Wassernetzwerk Baden-Württemberg (Water Research Network of the State Baden-Württemberg), which is funded by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg (Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of the State Baden-Württemberg) (grant no. AZ. 7532.21/2.1.6) and Maa-ja vesitekniikan tuki ry foundation. Doris E. Wendt acknowledges her support as part of the NERC-funded Groundwater Drought Initiative (NE/R004994/1). Lucy J. Barker was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R016429/1) as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. The contributions of Mirek Trnka, Lenka Bartošová, and Jaak Jaagus have been supported by SustES – Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Veit Blauhut et al. Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazard severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard, and impact. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders' perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability, and current drought management strategies on national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perception across different countries and in values of the implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study identifies an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and mitigate damage to human and natural assets.

International audience; We investigated the non-uniformity of the response of the photocathodes of some PMTs and their potential influence on the results of scintillation measurements. We have developed an experimental system which allows us to study the non-uniformity of the photocathode response and its influence on the shape of alpha spectra obtained after pulse-shape discrimination. The system is presented together with the first tests of a Hamamatsu R7600U-200 PMT. A degradation of the counting efficiency and a shift of the peak position towards small values was identified in the measurements near the edges of the photocathode where the energy resolution is significantly worse than the energy resolution at the central region of the PMT. Such non-uniformity also affects absolute activity measurements based on the free parameter model, i.e., the Triple to Double coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method and the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method. The traditional free parameter model assumes a Poisson distribution of the number of emitted photons but the non-uniformity leads to a compound Poisson distribution, where the mean value of the distribution is a random variable. This introduces an extra variance of the calculated detection efficiency which should be taken into account in the measurement uncertainty budget. Experimental results are presented in the paper, together with their practical influence in scintillation measurements and absolute calibration of radionuclides.

Дисертацията е концептуално разделена на две теми изследвани съответно в Глава 2 и Глава 3. В Глава 2 дефинираме новия Многотипов Разклоняващ се Процес на Севастянов изразен чрез вероятности за Мутация между типовете (MSBPM). В главата са получени системи от уравнения както за самия MSBPM така и за величини представляващи интерес в контекста на популации, които избягват израждане. Разглежда се не само случая, когато MSBPM започва с една частица на възраст 0, но и случая когато MSBPM започва с една частица на възраст a, a  0. Глава 3 е посветена на включването на разклоняващи се процеси в оптимизационни задачи известни като Оптимизационни Задачи с Последователно Взимане на Решения (SDP). Разглежданията започват с въвеждането на „Универсалната рамка за моделиране” разработена от Уорън Б. Пауъл в неговата книга от 2022г. Избраната рамка позволява използването на уравнението за оптималност на Белман при търсенето на решение на SDP. Многотиповият разклоняващ се процес на Биенеме-Галтън-Уотсън, Многотиповият Разклоняващ се Процес на Белман-Харис изразен чрез вероятности за Мутация между типовете (частен случай на MSBPM) с експоненциални времена на живот, както и MSBPM са успешно интегрирани в SDP в контекста на „Универсалната рамка за моделиране”. За първите два процеса е идентифициран алгоритъм от Динамичното Програмиране за намиране на решение на съответните SDP. За MSBPM може да се разгледа като подход прилагането на Динамично Програмиране чрез Апроксимации (ADP). The dissertation is conceptually divided into two topics explored in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 respectively. Chapter 2 defines the novel Multi–type Sevastyanov Branching Process through probabilities of Mutation between types (MSBPM). Within the chapter, we obtain various systems of equations for the MSBPM as well as for quantities relevant in the context of populations escaping extinction. We explore the case of the MSBPM starting with one particle of age 0 and the case of the MSBPM starting with one particle of age a, a  0. Chapter 3 is dedicated towards the incorporation of branching processes into optimization problems known as Sequential Decision Problems (SDPs). Our considerations begin with an introduction of the "Universal Modeling Framework" developed by Warren B. Powell in his book from 2022. The choice of framework allows us to utilize Bellman's optimality equation for finding solutions of SDPs. The multi-type Bienaymé-Galton-Watson (BGW) branching process, the Multi-type Bellman-Harris Branching Process through probabilities of Mutation between types (MBHBPM; a particular case of the MSBPM) with exponential lifespan distributions, as well as the MSBPM are successfully integrated into SDPs within the "Universal Modeling Framework". For the first two processes a Dynamic Programming algorithm has been identified through which a solution of the corresponding SDPs can be obtained. For the MSBPM it is viable to consider an Approximate Dynamic Programming approach.

Modern variational analysis can be seen as substantial development of the calculus of variations with a focus on optimization problems under various constraints, as well as on the sensitivity and sustainability of such problems with respect to perturbations. Its inherent characteristic is the inevitable presence of non-smooth objects. In our work, we avoid using variational principles, although some of our results could also be obtained in this way. However, we prefer to rely more on geometrical intuition, which according to our understanding makes the results and their proofs more natural and well-motivated. One of the main contributions of the dissertation is related to clarifying the relationship between the various notions of transversality found in the literature and finding predual characterizations of all such concepts. Another important contribution is finding sufficient conditions for tangential transversality, which can be applied in important and non-trivial situations. Съвременният вариационен анализ може да се разглежда като съществено развитие на вариационното смятане с фокус върху оптимизационни задачи при различни ограничения, както и върху чувствителността и устойчивостта на такива задачи по отношение на пертурбации. Присъща негова характеристика е неизбежното присъствие на негладки обекти. В нашата работа избягваме използването на вариационни принципи, въпреки че някои от нашите резултати биха могли да бъдат получени и по този начин. Ние обаче предпочитаме да разчитаме повече на геометричната интуиция, която според нашите разбирания прави резултатите и техните доказателства по-естествени и добре мотивирани. Един от основните приноси в дисертацията е свързан с изясняване на връзката между различните понятия от тип трансверзалност, които се срещат в литературата, и намирането на преддуални характеризации на всички такива понятия. Друг съществен принос е намирането на достатъчни условия за тангенциална трансверзалност, които могат да се прилагат в съществени и нетривиални ситуации.

International audience; Almost pure beta-emitting radionuclides are challenging to detect and differentiate due to their rather short mean free path in scintillator leading to a poor light production. The LNHB is developing new measurement techniques based on the Compton interaction coincidences method to study the non-linearity of the light yield of scintillators. The major highlights of the system are the use of three-photomultiplier tubes and of a high-efficiency TDCR device [1] for absolute measurements of the average number of detected photons, together with the application of recently developed corrections for accidental coincidences. The performance of the system is demonstrated by measuring the dependence of the light yield on the deposited energy for widely used commercial liquid scintillators.

44 pages, Delivrable D6.3.4 (M32); The fourth and final version of the FP7 ICT ELLLIOT Project Public presentation is provided in this deliverable. Its aim is to serve for facilitating the dissemination efforts of all consortium partners, by providing common background information on the project objectives and expected result

8 pages; International audience; The 4th Kilian Group meeting (Dijon, France, 30th August 2010) focused on the Aptian and Albian Stages. For the Aptian, a two-fold division of the stage was adopted for the Mediterranean area with a boundary between the Dufrenoyia furcata and Epicheloniceras martini Zones. The main changes to the zonal scheme concern the Lower Aptian with: the introduction of a Deshayesites luppovi Subzone in the upper part of the Deshayesites oglanlensis Zone; the replacement of Deshayesites weissi by Deshayesites forbesi as new indexspecies of the second interval zone; the introduction of a Roloboceras hambrovi Subzone in the upper part of the D. forbesi Zone; and the subdivision of the D. furcata Zone into the D. furcata and Dufrenoyia dufrenoyi Subzones. For the Albian, the upper part of the Douvilleiceras mammillatum Zone (Lower Albian) is now characterized by a Lyelliceras pseudolyelli Subzone. The main amendments concern the Upper Albian. The base of this substage is defined by the base of the Dipoloceras cristatum Zone. Above it, the Upper Albian zonal scheme comprises in stratigraphic order the Mortoniceras pricei, Mortoniceras inflatum, Mortoniceras fallax, Mortoniceras rostratum, Mortoniceras perinflatum and Arrhaphoceras briacensis Zones.

Отворената наука е движение, което прави научните изследвания и тяхното разпространение достъпни за всички нива на нашето общество, било то любителско или професионално. В Европа Европейският облак за отворена наука насърчава този преход, като създава набор от правила и насоки, които трябва да се следват, за да направят данните за научните изследвания достъпни за всички изследователи от ЕС чрез оперативно съвместими данни FAIR. В тази дисертация Отворената наука е анализирана подробно. Започвайки от това какво представлява Отворена наука и достигайки до Отворен достъп са обяснени всички ключови компоненти на Отворената наука. Отворените данни са описани и сравнени с FAIR данните. След това се въвежда европейският възглед за Отворената наука заедно с Европейският облак за Отворена наука , преминавайки към най-използваните цифрови хранилища на изследователските данни. Необходимо е пълно разбиране и съответствие към принципите и стандартите на на EOSC, за да имаме реално приложение на Open Science в Европа. Внимателният анализ илюстрира необходимостта от Албански облак за Отворена наука. Целта на AOSC е да направи албанската наука отворена и да помогне на Албания да се присъедини към инициативата на ЕОSC. Представен е прототип за внедряване в Албания, следвайки европейските стандарти, определени от Европейският облак за Отворена наука. Анализът също така показва необходимостта от Отворена научна политика, която е приета да се прилага в албанските университети. Open Science is the trend that aims to make scientific research and its dissemination available to all levels of society, amateur or professional. In Europe, European Open Science Cloud is fostering the transition towards it by creating a set of rules and guidelines to be followed to make Research Data accessible by all EU researchers through interoperable FAIR data. In this dissertation, Open Science is analyzed in detail. Starting from what is Open Science and moving on to Open Access, all key components of Open Science are explained. Open Data is also described and compared to FAIR data. Next, the European view on Open Science is introduced with the European Open Science Cloud, moving to the most used Research Data Digital Repositories. After that, the current state of Open Science in Balkan countries is captured, focusing on identifying the stages in the transition to Open Science and the main problems faced by Balkan universities. Key findings are found and the next steps are planned. The careful analysis illustrates the need for the Albanian Open Science Cloud. A prototype deployed in Albania is presented, following the European standards set by EOSC. Albanian-CRIS is the repository that will help them build of Albanian Open Science Cloud, to follow the transition to Open Science, and join EOSC. The analysis also indicates a need for an Open Science Policy to be implemented in Albanian Universities.

This thesis explores the border's space in three prose works by the Hungarian author Ádám Bodor, The Sinistra Region, The Archbishop's Visit and The Birds of Verhovina, and examines the implications, which an evaluative reading of the border produces literally and figuratively. The autotextuality which is traceable in the books also predetermines their categorization as a trilogy, and the common threads between them emerge most clearly along the lines of the periphery space created by Bodor's pen. The reader is drawn into a world with a distinctive atmosphere, a world that in many ways appears to be the antipode of conventionally accepted manifestations in our own reality. The dissertation considers Bodor’s space as peripheral and extremely isolated. This isolation is seen in different aspects – spatio-temporal, but also cultural and linguistic. Дисертационният труд изследва художественото пространство на границата в три прозаични творби на унгарския автор Адам Бодор – Районът Синистра, Посещението на архиепископа и Птиците на Верховина, и разглежда импликациите, които един оценъчен прочит на границата, в буквален и в преносен смисъл, се продуцират. Проследимата в книгите автотекстуалност предопределя и категоризирането им като романова трилогия, а общото помежду им се откроява най-ясно по линия на сътвореното от перото на Бодор художествено пространство ситуирано в периферията. Читателят е въвлечен в свят със самобитна атмосфера, свят, който в много отношения се явява антипод на условно приетите манифестации в собствената ни реалност. Дисертацията разглежда художественото пространство при Бодор като периферно и крайно изолирано. Тази откъснатост е видяна в различни аспекти – времево-пространствен, но и културно-езиков.

International audience; This work explores the applicability of previous finings of other researchers that the radioluminescence of air can be used for detection of alpha sources and 222Rn detection. We propose the triple-to-double coincidence ratio counter (TDCR) as a suitable detector to detect the radioluminescence light produced by the alpha particles in the air. We developed a TDCR-based 222Rn measurement system based on the detection of air alpha- radioluminescence. The system is connected to a 222Rn calibration facility and its response is studied by comparison to a reference 222Rn monitor that utilizes a PIPS detector. The linearity of response of the system is verified with certified 239Pu sources in a large alpha emission rate range. The 222Rn response of the system is benchmarked against the reference PIPS detector under stable and varying 222Rn concentrations. An excellent agreement between the two systems is observed. It appears that the proposed method is feasible and has one very distinct advantage the memory effect due to deposition of 222Rn progeny can be eliminated entirely very easy by changing the vial in the TDCR counter. The proposed method can find application for monitoring of 222Rn concentration during calibration of radon detectors (e.g. solid state nuclear track detectors).

Дисертационният труд се състои от увод, четири глави, заключение, библиография и приложение, като първите три глави съставляват теоретичната постановка на разглеждания проблем, а четвъртата глава представя резултатите от проведеното емпирично изследване. Целта на дисертацията е да се проучи и анализира националната стратегия на Република Корея за популяризиране на корейската култура и език по света с акцент върху ефектите от изпълнението ѝ в България. Задачите са: (1) теоретичен анализ на феномена халю и представяне на най-значимите последствия от разпространението му по света, (2) обзор на ключовите събития, пряко свързани с еволюцията на националната стратегия на Република Корея за популяризиране на корейската култура и език по света, (3) представяне на водещите правителствени институции с най-голям принос за прилагането на националната стратегия на Република Корея за популяризиране на корейската култура и език по света, (4) емпирично проучване на историята на разпространение на Корейската вълна в България чрез провеждане и анализ на интервюта с представителни фенове на корейската култура у нас и (5) емпирично изследване и анализ на актуалния интерес към корейската култура и език в България в три ключови за обучението по корейски у нас организации. Обект на изследването е националната стратегия на Република Корея, инициираща и стимулираща популяризирането на корейската култура и език в чужбина. The dissertation consists of introduction, 4 chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix. The first 3 chapters form the theoretical frame of the thesis, while the last chapter presents the results of the conducted empirical research. The objective of the doctoral thesis is to research and analyse the national strategy of the Republic of Korea for making popular the Korean culture and language around the world while highlighting the effects of its performance in Bulgaria. The achievement of the objective would take place via the following main research tasks: 1. theoretical analysis of the phenomenon Hallyu and presentation of the most significant consequences of its dissemination around the world. 2. summary of the key events that are directly related to the evolution of republic of Korea’s national strategy for making popular the Korean culture and language around the world. 3. presentation of the leading government institutions with the highest contribution for the implementation of the Republic of Korea’s national strategy for making popular the Korean culture and language around the world. 4. empirical research of the history of dissemination of Korean Wave in Bulgaria via holding and analysing interviews with representative fans of Korean culture in our country. 5. empirical research and analysis of the current interest in Korean culture and language in Bulgaria in three organizations of key importance for Korean language tutoring in our country.

A paraître dans Journal of the European radon association (10.35815/radon.v3.8844); International audience; Background: Sensitive electronic radon detectors can be an advantageous solution for continuous monitoring of radon dynamics in dwellings and workplaces. In order to investigate their applicability, such detectors must be subjected to adequate metrological assurance and their performance in field conditions must be tested and evaluated. Objectives: To perform laboratory and field tests in order to evaluate the applicability of RadonEye+$^2$ instruments for continuous radon monitoring Results: In this work we have performed laboratory tests of 36 RadonEye+$^2$ detectors, which appear to have linear response for $^{222}$Rn concentrations below 3.5 kBq/m$^3$ and a non-linear response (

John Chrysostom was not only one of the most prolific and influential authors of late antiquity but also a renown preacher, exegete, and public figure. His homilies and sermons combined the classical rhetorical craft with some vivid imagery from everyday life. He used descriptions, comparisons, and metaphors that were both a rhetorical device and a reference to the real world familiar to his audience. From 9th century onwards, many of Chrysostom’s works were translated into Old Church Slavonic and were widely used for either private or communal reading. Even if they had lost the spontaneity of the oral performance, they still preserved the references to the 4th-century City, to the streets and the homes in a distant world, transferred into the 10th-century Bulgaria and beyond. The article examines how some of these urban images were translated and sometimes adapted to the medieval Slavonic audience, how the realia and the figures of speech were rendered into the Slavonic language and culture. It is a survey on the reception of the oral sermon put into writing, and at the same time, it is a glimpse into the late antique everyday life in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Oral presentation; International audience; Liquid scintillation counting is a well-suited method for the activity calibration of 222Rn sources, as the geometrical efficiency is 4 Pi sr and the detection efficiency is close to 5 at equilibrium with the progenies. In the past we have developed a method to calculate this detection efficiency for the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method, considering some simplifications, like assuming 100% detection efficiency of alpha radionuclides and high-energy beta radionuclides of the radon progenies. A correction was applied for the disintegration of 214Po, as its half-life is not negligible versus the counter dead-time and leads to a reduction of its detection probability. In this work we revisited these simplifications in order to develop a more accurate model. In the new model, we did not assume a unity detection efficiency for the high-energy beta radionuclides, but we calculated it using the free parameter model in LSC, by considering the energy spectrum transferred to the scintillator, from up-to-date beta spectra calculation and Monte Carlo simulation of the energy transferred to the scintillator.Radon in water LS sources were measured using a miniature TDCR counter and an acquisition system based on a fast digitizer. The offline processing of acquisition files was made using several dead-time base duration values from 5 µs to 1000 µs, and the counting rates were corrected for blank measurement, accidental coincidences and dead-time evolution during the measurement. The analysis of the relationship between the triple and double coincidence counting rates versus the base dead-time duration allows a new type of determination of the half-life of 214Po. This half-life was found to be slightly smaller, albeit coherent with the evaluated DDEP value. This new value was integrated to a computer program, allowing an accurate determination of the detection efficiency of 222Rn in equilibrium with its progenies, without the need of an extrapolation to zero dead-time measurement. The results obtained in this work will largely facilitate the calibration of 222Rn sources and the calibration of LSC counters for 222Rn-in-water measurements.

Дисертационният труд се занимава с особеностите на английския език за дипломатически цели и изследва основните характеристики на учтивостта и формалността в дипломатическата кореспонденция на английски език, и по-специално на избран корпус от вербални ноти, поздравителни и съболезнователни писма. Работата представя и основните характеристики на различни типове дипломатическа кореспонденция - ноти, дипломатически писма, паметна записка и др., като се фокусира върху най-често използваните дипломатически документи – вербални ноти и официални дипломатически писма. За целите на дисертационния труд е изследван корпус от 105 дипломатически документа като са използвани различни качествени и количествени методи. Като резултат от изследването бяха идентифицирани стратегиите и структурите за изразяване на учтивост и нивото на официалност в избрания корпус. Изследвани са факторите, които оказват влияние върху употребата на учтивостта и официалността и беше намерена връзка между комуникативните намерения на адресанта, нивото на официалност и употребата на конкретни стратегии и структури за изразяване на учтивост. Като допълнение към дисертационния труд беше съставен и глосар на дипломатически термини предназначен за студенти от специалност Международни отношения. Беше придобито ценно теоретично и практично познание, което може да бъде приложено при работата със студенти от специалност Международни отношения и да спомогне за подобряване на техните умения по дипломатически английски. The subject of the present study is English for Diplomatic Purposes and the features of politeness and formality manifested in diplomatic correspondence in English, more precisely in a selected corpus of verbal notes, letters of congratulations and letters of condolence. This thesis also presents the basic characteristics of different types of diplomatic correspondence – notes, diplomatic letters, memorandum, etc. but focuses on the most commonly exchanged documents – verbal notes and formal diplomatic letters. A corpus of 105 authentic verbal notes, letters of condolence and letters of congratulations in English has been analysed with the help of different qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis identifies the politeness strategies and structures as well as the level of formality in the selected corpus and explores which factors influence the use of politeness and formality. Moreover, the paper found a relation between between the communicative intentions of the addresser, the level of formality and the choice of particular politeness structures and strategies. As part of the present PhD thesis a glossary of EDP terms and phrases, commonly used collocations and abbreviations was compiled. Valuable theoretical and practical knowledge has been acquired, knowledge, that can be applied in the work with International Relation students and help them improve their skills in English for Diplomatic Purposes.

The dissertation examines the problem of the double identity through the prism both of the regional and the short story writing in Nova Scotia. Identity is seen as a diverse and constantly changing and searching phenomenon, never able to reach a satisfying level of certainty. The regional and the problems surrounding the literary and cultural scene further complicate the already complex process of identification. Thus, the voice in the dissertation is hesitant and uncertain, mirroring that of the identity itself. The three binary oppositions in the dissertation bring along a number of multifarious conclusions, but the main revolved around the problems of the influence of the past on the present and vice versa; the role of nature and its often aggressive stance towards the characters as playing an important part in the construction of their respective identities; and last but not least, the importance of the outside world – both in regional and cultural plan – and how it interacts with the inside that of the province and influences the lives of the characters. The theoretical framework is pretty much my own construct, helped at times by the already established identity theories of Charles Taylow and W. E. B. Du Bois. It is my firm belief that this new reading of the short story constitutes a pioneering experience, both for the province of Nova Scotia, and for Canada on the whole. Настоящата дисертация изследва проблема на двойната идентичност, пречупен през призмата както на регионалното, така и на късия разказ в канадската провинция на Нова Скотия. Идентичността в своето многообразие се разглежда като постоянно променяща се, постоянно търсеща, постоянно несигурна. Регионалното и проблемите от литературен и културен план само допълнително усложняват този и без друго сложен процес на идентифициране и нормиране. Затова и гласът в дисертацията е колеблив и несигурен, досущ като самата идентичност. Изводите, които са изведени след представянето на трите бинарни опозиции в съответните глави, са най- разнообразни, но като цяло обхващат следните полета: как миналото и настоящето влияят върху изграждането на идентичността и нейната двойнственост; как природния свят влияе в своето невинно и агресивно поведение върху търсенето на самоосъзнаването и идентифицирането на отделните герои; и не на последно място, как външния свят (външен както за регионалния, усамотен свят на островната Нова Скотия, така и външен за провинцията в състава на цяла Канада) си взаимодейства с вътрешния свят както на героите, така и на техните преживявания. В изграждането си на теоретичната си рамка и достигането до гореупоменатите изводи използвах до голяма степен свой собствен модел, който на места подсилвах с вече утвърдени имена като Чарлс Тейлър и Дю Бойс. Изцяло новият прочит на жанра на късия разказ е до голяма степен пионерски и смятам, че е от жизненоважно значение както за лите

Дисертацията изучава англоезичните терминосистеми на Денталната Медицина (ДМ) и Черепно- Челюстно-Лицевата Хирургия (ЧЧЛХ) с оглед на тенденциите: метафоризация, структурно- синтактични характеристики, етимологично разнообразие, синонимия. Като метаезикова рамка и сравнителен материал се използват термини от рускоезичната терминосистема на същото научно поле. Анализът на метафоричното проектиране в англоезичните терминосистеми на ДМ и ЧЧЛХ е поставен в номинативно-когнитивна посока, системният подход е методологична база за изследването. Оформеният англоезичен метафоричен корпус (1012 единици) е подложен на моделиране. Обособяват се и се класифицират антропогенни и неантропогенни метафорични модели; субстантивен модел с два компонентно различни структурно-синтактични подмодела; изконни етимологични модели, хибриди и асимилирани заемки от класическите и други езици; синонимни редове с пълни и частични синоними. Метафоричните модели са построени на принципите: системност, избирателност, антропоцентризъм, регулярност, хетерогенност, хетерохронологичност, тъждественост на семантичната структура. Очертават се следните характеристики на метафоричния език на англоезичните терминосистеми на ДМ и ЧЧЛХ: перцепция, концептуалност, енциклопедичност, опит (специализиран и неспециализиран). Проведеното полево изследване доказва, че концептуалният блендинг като вид метафоризация е универсален когнитивен механизъм, присъстващ в съзнанието на индивида; приложим във всяка езикова среда, незави The dissertation studies English terminological systems of Dental Medicine (DM) and Cranio- Maxillofacial Surgery (CMS) in view of the tendencies: metaphorization, structural-syntactic characteristics, etymological diversity, synonymy. Terms from Russian terminology of the same scientific field are used as a metalanguage framework and comparative material. The analysis of metaphorical projection in English terminological systems of DM and CMS is placed in a nominative-cognitive direction, the systematic approach serves as a methodological basis for the study. English metaphorical corpus (1012 units) has been subjected to modelling. The following models have been formed and classified: anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic metaphorical models; substantive model with two component-different structural-syntactic submodels; original etymological models, hybrids and assimilated borrowings from classical and other languages; synonymous rows with complete and partial synonyms. The metaphorical models are built up on the principles of systematicity, selectivity, anthropocentrism, regularity, heterogeneity, heterochronology, identity of the semantic structure. The following characteristics of the metaphorical language of English DM and CMS terminological systems are outlined: perception, conceptuality, encyclopaedicity, experience (specialized and non-specialized).

International audience; The regioselectivity of molecular sieves-promoted oxidative three-component reaction between -ketoesters, aromatic o-diamines and acrolein, leading to pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles, has been investigated by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. Molecular sieves act both as heterogeneous catalyst and dehydrating agent and their role has been modeled in the theoretical approach. The modulation of the reactivity of the aromatic diamine partner as a function of the nature of the substituents of the aromatic ring and its influence on the regioselectivity of the reaction could be rationalized.

Background: Sensitive electronic radon detectors can be an advantageous solution for continuous monitoring of radon dynamics in dwellings and workplaces. In order to investigate their applicability, such detectors must be subjected to adequate metrological assurance, and their performance in field conditions must be tested and evaluated. Objectives: To perform laboratory and field tests in order to evaluate the applicability of RadonEye+2 instruments for continuous radon monitoring. Results: In this work, we have performed laboratory tests of 36 RadonEye+2 detectors, which appear to have linear response for 222Rn concentrations below 3.5 kBq/m3 and a non-linear response (

International audience; The availability of afordable continuous radon monitors opens new opportunities for studying the dynamics of indoor radon and for more precise estimates of the exposure based on the actual occupancy of homes and workplaces.These new applications require tests of the monitors characteristics, including their response time. A study of a promising electronic radon monitor with high sensitivity, the RadonEye Plus2, was conducted. By exposure of 36 RadonEye monitors it was found that they have excellent linearity up to 3500 Bq/m3. A slight deviation from linearity within 12% was observed in the range 3500{7000 Bq/m3. The reproducibility of the monitors was within 7%, estimated in the range of linearity. A dedicated procedure for studying the time response was developed based on exposure to rectangular activity concentration pulses (spikes). It was applied to the RadonEye and three other commercial monitors. The determined characteristic response times of the RadonEye monitor are about 40 minutes for reaching 50% of the plateau of a rectangular pulse and 90 minutes for reaching 90%. They are somewhat higher than the corresponding response times of the AlphaE monitor, which are 20 and 60 minutes respectively.The response times of the RAD7 monitor in snif mode are about 3 minutes for reaching 50% of the plateau and 10 minutes for reaching 90%. The AlphaGUARD monitor in low-through mode has the fastest response { reaches 95% of the plateau in less than 2 minutes. The monitor Alpha-GUARD PQ2000 Pro Rn/Tn is therefore recommended for follow-up of the activity concentration in time response studies of other monitors. Overall, the RadonEye's response is suffciently fast to follow the diurnal variations even in buildings with active ventilation. The presented methodologycan be applied to other monitors for continuous radon measurements. It is demonstrated that it can be expanded to obtain the response function of a monitor and to model its response to variable concentrations. Overall, the RadonEye’s response is sufficiently fast to follow radon variations even in buildings with active ventilation. This sensitive monitor is suitable for homes and workplaces and can be helpful in the installation and investigation of radon mitigation systems and in studies of the indoor radon dynamics.

The Old Church Slavonic translation of John Chrysostom’s commentaries on Acts of the Apostles (CPG 4426) is attested in 18 ethica and fragments included in the Old Bulgarian collection Zlatostruy from the early 10th-century Preslav. The Slavonic homilies have many peculiarities in common suggesting that they were translated together presumably by one translator. One of their common features is the frequent use of double translations (Doppelubersetzungen). In the article nearly half of the 90 examples in 10 homilies are examined and divided into four groups – proper double translations, complementary double translations, synonyms, and contextual synonyms. The study shows that in several cases the Slavonic translation is notably consistent and repetitive, but more often it aims at variety and clarity. The examples from the Zlatostruy homilies on Acts are compared to other Old Church Slavonic translations (e.g. to the works of John the Exarch and to other homilies from Zlatostruy), but the similarities are not sufficient for identifying the anonymous translator(s). The use of doublets in the examined texts is viewed both as a linguistic device for a faithful translation and as a stylistic feature typical for the translator of these homilies. However, this phenomenon is attested in many other medieval literary traditions, which makes the Zlatostruy homilies part of a larger textual tradition.

Дисертацията изследва ролята на интелектуалните и религиозните елити в Леванта и тяхното отношение към управлението на Аюбидската династия (1174–1250 г.) в политическата, административната, военната, културната, социално-икономическата и конфесионалната сфера. Основна цел на изследването е да запълни празнотите в досегашните изследвания, които се опират на непълни и изопачени исторически разкази, създаващи негативна стереотипна представа за сблъсъка между ислямската и западната цивилизация по времето на кръстоносните походи, за да предложи религиозно непредубеден поглед върху ролята и отношението на ислямските учени към управлението на Аюбидите въз основа на извори на арабски, латински, европейски, персийски и турски извори и на широк спектър от европейски ориенталистични изследвания. Използвани са методи от социалната история, съчетани с индуктивен, описателен, аналитичен и критически подходи. Важен извод в изследването е, че ролята на религиозните и интелектуалните елити варира според тяхната връзка с владетелите, собствения им потенциал и различни социални обвързаности. Съществена констатация е, че системата на вакъфите, възникнала като инструмент за социална справедливост, е използвана от аюбидските владетели за постигането на политически, военни и религиозно-конфесионални цели, като по такъв начин оказва влияние върху формирането на ролята на учените и върху тяхното отношение към политиката на династията. The dissertation examines the attitudes and roles of the intellectual and religious elites in the Levant towards the policies of the Ayyubid Dynasty (1174–1250 AD) in the political, administrative, military, cultural, social, economic, religious, and doctrinal domains. A key objective of the study is to fill the gaps in earlier research based on incomplete and distorted historical accounts that suggest a negative stereotype of the clash between Islamic and Western civilizations during the Crusades. In so doing, the dissertation offers a religiously unbiased insight into the attitudes and roles of Islamic scholars towards the Ayyubid regime by drawing on Arab, Latin, European, Persian, and Turkish sources, as well as a wide range of European Orientalist works on the Crusades. To achieve these objectives, methods from the field of social history are combined with inductive, descriptive, analytical, and critical-historical approaches. A major finding of the study is that the attitudes and roles of the intellectual and religious elites varied according to their relationship to the rulers, their capabilities, loyalties, and social affiliations. Another key finding is that the Islamic waqf, originally an instrument of social justice, was used by Ayyubid rulers to achieve political, military, and sectarian goals, thus intervening in the shaping of the attitudes and roles of the Islamic scholars towards the policies of this dynasty.

International audience; The gyromagnetic factor of the low-lying Ex=684.10(19)keV isomeric state of the nucleus 99Mo was measured using the time-dependent perturbed angular distribution technique. This level is assigned a spin and parity of Jπ=11/2−, with a half-life of T1/2=742(13)ns. The state of interest was populated and spin-aligned via a single-neutron transfer on a highly enriched 98Mo target. A magnetic moment μexpt.=−0.627(20)μN was obtained. This result is far from the Schmidt value expected for a pure single-particle νh11/2 state. A comparison of experimental spectroscopic properties of this nucleus is made with results of multishell Interacting boson-fermion Model (IBFM-1) calculations. In this approach, the Jπ=11/2− isomeric state in 99Mo has a pure νh11/2 configuration. Its magnetic moment, as well as that of other two excited states could be reasonably well reproduced by reducing the free neutron spin g factor with a quenching factor of 0.45. This low value is not appropriate only for this case, similar values for the quenching factor being also required in order to describe magnetic moments in other nuclei from the same mass region

International audience; The choice of an appropriate viscosity of a liquid scintillator solvent can lead to the fine tuning of its decay time. We present herein the photophysical and scintillation properties of liquid scintillators containing pyrene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the primary and secondary fluorophores, respectively, being dissolved either in toluene, diisopropylnaphthalene or mixtures of these two solvents. By modifying the dynamic viscosity, the photoluminescence decay time can be easily chosen in the range 40–120 ns. For all liquid scintillators the light yields were satisfying, and the scintillation decays were slightly different, ranging from 36 up to 125 ns.

This work explores the distribution of time intervals between signals from the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system when a scintillation burst caused by an ionizing particle is detected. This distribution is termed the cross-correlation distribution and it is shown that it contains information about the probability to detect a scintillation event. A theoretical model that describes the cross-correlation distribution is derived. The model can be used to estimate the mean number of detected photons in a LSC measurement, which allows the calculation of the detection efficiency. The theoretical findings are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and by experiments with low-energy beta-emitting and electron-capture radionuclides ($$^3\hbox {H}$$ 3 H , $$^{14}\hbox {C}$$ 14 C , $$^{63}\hbox {Ni}$$ 63 Ni and $$^{55}\hbox {Fe}$$ 55 Fe ), with dedicated LSC systems and several commercial LSC cocktails. The results show that some of the parameters of the cross-correlation distribution such as the peak height or the kurtosis can be used as detection efficiency estimators or quenching indicators in LSC. Thus, although the time domain and the cross-correlation distribution have received little to no attention in the practice of LSC, they have the capacity to bring significant improvements in almost all LSC applications related to activity determination of low-energy beta-emitting and electron-capture radionuclides. The results also suggest concepts for the development of innovative LSC systems.

This paper presents results of a multidisciplinary research initiative examining human responses to environmental change at the intersection of the southern coastal plain of the Caspian Sea and the foothills of the Alborz Mountains during the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. Our palaeo-environmental analysis of two sedimentary cores obtained from a lagoon in close proximity to four caves, occupied by human groups during the transition from hunting and gathering to food-producing ways of life in this region, confirms Charles McBurney's 1968 hypothesis that when Caspian Sea levels were high, Mesolithic hunters were reliant on seal and deer, but as water levels receded and a wide coastal plain emerged, hunters consumed a different range of herbivorous mammalian species. Palynological evidence obtained from these two cores also demonstrates that the cool and dry climatic conditions often associated with the Younger Dryas stadial do not appear to have been extreme in this region. Thus, increasingly sedentary hunting and gathering groups could have drawn on plant and animal resources from multiple ecological niches without suffering significant resource stress or reduced population levels that may have been encountered in neighbouring regions. Our analyses of botanical, faunal and archaeological remains from a recently-discovered open-air Mesolithic and aceramic Neolithic site also shows an early process of Neolithization in the southern Caspian basin, which was a very gradual, low-cost adaptation to new ways of life, with neither the abandonment of hunting and gathering, nor a climatic trigger event for the emergence of a low-level, food-producing society.

Настоящият дисертационен труд представлява съпоставително изследване на ударението в английски, заети от английски, и родни сложни думи. По специално, обект на изследване е ударението в три вида сложни съществителни имена: - конструкции от вида съществително име + съществително име на български език; - конструкции от вида съществително име + съществително име на английски език; - заемки от английски език, които представляват конструкции от вида съществително име + съществително име. Предмет на изследването са продукцията и перцепцията на ударение в този тип сложни съществителни имена. В частност, интерес представлява това какви акцентни модели използват при произнасянето на гореспоменатите сложни съществителни имена българи, които знаят (са изучавали) английски език, и българи, които не знаят (не са изучавали) английски език. Участници в изследването са две групи говорители: група 1: студенти в специалност „Английска филология“ в СУ „Св. Климент Охридски“ на възраст 19—22 г., които знаят (са изучавали английски език) и група 2: говорители на възраст 50—62 г., които не знаят (не са изучавали) английски език. Проведени са два експеримента, изследващи продукция, и два експеримента, изследващи перцепция., The aim of the current thesis is to provide an account of the production and perception of prominence patterns by Bulgarian native speakers with and without knowledge of English, that is by Bulgarian learners of English, and by Bulgarians who have not studied English as a foreign language. Its interest lies specifically in the production and perception of prominence in a specific kind of constructions, namely N+N constructions of three types: English, borrowed from English into Bulgarian, and Bulgarian. There are two groups of participants in the study. The first group consists of twenty Bulgarian learners of English, who are first-year students in English and American Studies at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, and the second group consists of twenty Bulgarian speakers without knowledge of English. Four experiments in total were conducted: two production, and two perception ones.

В центъра на изследването стои образът на голия бразилски индианец, представен пред света от португалските мореплаватели и духовници от Ордена на йезуитите – главните действащи лица и очевидците, отразили ранното колонизационно дело в новооткритата територия. Целевите интерпретации на голотата на туземеца са извлечени от най-разнородни документи – корабни дневници, сведения за плавания, историко-географски трактати, мисионерска кореспонденция от XVI век. В описанията и тълкуванията на външния вид и поведението на местните обитатели често се срещат манипулативни техники, които са и основният предмет на анализ. Проследява се динамиката в развитието на представата за бразилския индианец чрез позоваването на най-отличителния му белег – голотата, чието тълкуване в рамките на века се движи от една крайност в друга, подчинено на фактори, несвързани с обективни характеристики, и преминава от идеализиране към „демонизиране“ на неговия образ., The study is focused on the image of the naked Brazilian Indian, presented to the world by the Portuguese sailors and clergymen from the Jesuit Order – the main actors and witnesses treating the early colonization deed in the newly discovered territory. The target interpretations of the native's nudity derive from miscellaneous documents: maritime logbooks, travel records, historical and geographical treatises, missionary correspondence from the 16th century. In the descriptions and explanations of the general appearance and behaviour of the indigenous people, manipulative techniques are often found and form the main subject of analysis. What is being traced is the dynamical development of the very idea of the Brazilian Indian, grounded on the premise of his most distinctive feature – the nudity, the interpretation of which, along the century, goes from one extreme to another due to factors, unrelated to objective characteristics, and swings from idealization to “demonization” of his image.

Значимостта на темата е свързана с интереса към рецепционистиката като научно поле през последните десетилетия, с личността и с делото на преводача Тодор Нейков, както и с непреходната слава на „Дон Кихот“ като константен феномен в рецепцията на испанската литература в България. Трудът се състои от 202 страници, оформени в увод, три глави, заключение, библиография и три приложения. Първата глава е посветена на теорията на превода и на тясно свързаното с нея поле на рецепционистиката. Във втората глава е представен исторически преглед на българската рецепция на Сервантес от средата на XIX в. до 20-те години на XXI в. Третата глава е посветена на делото на Т. Нейков и на неговите преводи на „Дон Кихот“, които са анализирани в контекста на четири по-ранни български превода, както и в сравнение с един английски, един френски и един руски превод. В резултат на изследването може да се твърди, че възприемането на творчеството на Сервантес търпи промяна в хода на модерната българска история; тенденциите в „прочита“ на автора и на произведенията му са свързани с културните и обществени норми, с политическата ориентация и с цензурата в съответния исторически период; критиката на преводите на „Дон Кихот“ е слабо развита част от критическата им рецепция; преводите на Т. Нейков са сериозна крачка напред в преводната рецепция на произведението, като до наши дни остават единствените от езика на оригинала и се разграничават от всички останали в качествено отношение. The significance of the dissertation topic is related to the interest in reception studies in the last decades; to the personality and the work of the translator Todor Neykov, as well as to the enduring fame of Don Quixote as a constant phenomenon in the reception of Spanish literature in Bulgaria. The paper consists of 202 pages, including an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and three appendices. The first chapter is devoted to the theory of translation and to the closely related reception theory. The second chapter presents a historical overview of the Bulgarian reception of Cervantes from the middle of the 19th century to the first two decades of the 21st century. The third chapter is devoted to the work of T. Neikov and to his translations of "Don Quixote", which are analyzed in the context of four earlier Bulgarian translations, as well as one English, one French and one Russian translation. As a result it can be argued that the perception of Cervantes' work changes throughout the modern Bulgarian history; the tendencies in the "reading" of the author are related to the cultural and social norms, to the political orientation and to the censorship in the respective period; criticism of Don Quixote's translations is an underdeveloped part of their critical reception; T. Neykov's translations are a serious step forward in the reception of the novel: till nowadays they remain the only ones from the original language and differ from all others in ter

International audience; Solders are fusible metal alloys, used in industry to create permanent bond between metal surfaces. In order to achieve this, solders need to be heated above their melting point and used in liquid phase. Low melting temperature is essential from technological point of view, as well as for soldered components safety. Typical solders have Lead (Pb) аs а base component, having melting temperature of 600.6 K. Adding up to 60% of Tin (Sn) to the alloy, reduces melting temperature down to 456-461 K in average. Since 2006, RoHS regulation enforce industrial use of Lead-Free solders, typically having much higher melting temperature. However, Pb:Sn solders with up to 40% Sn still have their industrial applications, usually used for soldering Cu and Zn coated pipes while the 60% Sn containing solders are used for soldering of electrical cables. The achieving of these goals requires knowledge of liquid phase surface tension. Because of the difficulties, related to such measurement, the available data in literature are limited. The current report presents an equipment for measurement of the surface tension, based on the Wilhelmy plate method as well as the applied measurement procedure. The Wilhelmy method has relatively good stability. The contact angle also can be considered zero for the examined samples therefore correction coefficients are not required for the measurement. The results from measurement of Pb:Sn in ratio 40:60 and also in ratio 60:40 show that the oxidation in excess of Pb lowers the surface tension while for the case with excess of Sn, the oxidation lead to increase of the surface tension if compare with the surface tension obtained for the same solders but under non-oxidizing conditions. This could be attributed to formation in excess of PbO and SnO on the liquid surface of the corresponding solder.

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato is caused by at least three species of Xanthomonas, among them two pathovars of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, which are responsible for significant yield losses on all continents. In order to trace back the spread of bacterial spot pathogens within and among countries, we developed the first multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analyses (MLVA) scheme for pepper- and tomato-pathogenic strains of X. euvesicatoria. In this work, we assessed the repeat numbers by DNA sequencing of 16 tandem repeat loci and applied this new tool to analyse a representative set of 88 X. euvesicatoria pepper strains from Bulgaria and North Macedonia. The MLVA-16 scheme resulted in a Hunter–Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) score of 0.944 and allowed to resolve 36 MLVA haplotypes (MTs), thus demonstrating its suitability for high-resolution molecular typing. Strains from the different regions of Bulgaria and North Macedonia were found to be widespread in genetically distant clonal complexes or singletons. Sequence types of the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) amplicons revealed cases of size homoplasy and suggested the coexistence of different populations and different introduction events. The large geographical distribution of MTs and the existence of epidemiologically closely related strains in different regions and countries suggest long dispersal of strains on pepper in this area. Keywords: bacterial spot; genetic diversity; molecular typing; pepper; tomato 1. Introduction Bacterial spot, which is caused by at least three Xanthomonas species, is a threat

Дисертацията представлява систематично изследване на ритмическата теория и т. нар. „учение за етоса“ в старогръцката литература от Класическия период. В първата глава е разгледана етимологията на думата „ритъм“ заедно с най-ранните срещания на тази дума в оцелелия до днес корпус на старогръцката литература. Направен е опит да се проследи начинът, по който „ритъм“ се превръща в технически термин на музикалната теория. Втората глава предлага дефиниция на музикалния ритъм, която би могла да се приеме за общ знаменател на повечето антични и съвременни дефиниции на термина. Очертават се сходства и разлики между античните Аристоксенови (но и не само) и някои съврменни разбирания за ритъма. В третата глава се обсъждат основните източници (най-вече от Аристотеловата традиция) за т. нар. „учение за етоса“. Заключението е, че в Класическата епоха е налице пълноценна систематична теория за ритъма (Аристоксеновата), докато подобна теория не е налице в случая с етоса на ритмите. The dissertation presents a systematic study of rhythmic theory and the so called ethos theory in Greek literature of the Classical period. In the first chapter, the etymology of the word „rhythm“ is tackled together with the earliest appearances of this word in the extant corpus of Greek literature. An attempt is made to trace the way in which „rhythm“ became a terminus technicus of music theory. The second chapter offers a definition of muscial rhythm, which could be taken to serve as common ground for most of the ancient and modern definitions of the term. Various affinities and differences between ancient Aristoxeanean (and not only) and modern conceptions of rhythm are delineated. In the third chapter, the main sources (chiefly Aristotelian) on the so called ethos theory of rhythm are discussed. The conclusion is that in the Classical age there is a full-fledged systematic theory of rhythm (the Aristoxenean theory), whereas there is no such theory in the case of rhythmical ethos.

The present paper explores the role and the representation of the narrative category of space in the works of art of Joao de Melo, one of the most important contemporary Portuguese writers. Through representative texts from the work of the researched author, which are part of the corpus of works of art in the dissertation, the present paper shows that space is not just a background of narrative, but also an imaginery, loaded with meanings. Through the representation of many spaces, including large cities, rural villages, the home, the ocean, the body, and the spaces that Fukoyan theory of allocations defines as spaces outside space, namely, the madhouse, the seminary, and the ship, in his works Joao de Melo also explores more important issues related to the Portuguese's national identity, as well as the individual person’s attempt to adapt to the rapidly evolving world around him. Настоящият труд изследва ролята и репрезентацията на наративната категория пространство в художествените творби на Жоао де Мело, един от значимите съвременни португалски писатели. Чрез представителни текстове от творчеството на изследвания автор, които са част от корпуса от художествени произведения в дисертацията, настоящият труд показва, че пространството не е просто фон на наратива, а още натоварена със смисли образност. Посредством репрезентацията на множество пространства, сред които са големите градове, провинциалните села, домът, океанът, тялото, както и пространствата, които фукоянската теория за алокациите определя, като пространства извън пространството, а именно, лудницата, семинарията и корабът, в творбите си Жоао де Мело изследва и по-значими въпроси, свързани с националната идентичност на португалеца, както и с индивидуалния опит на обикновения човек да се приспособи към бързо развиващия се свят около него.

Background: Globally, streams emit significant amounts of methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. However, little is known about the stream sediment microbial communities that control the net methane balance in these systems, and in particular about their distribution and composition at large spatial scales. This study investigated the diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea and methane-oxidizing microorganisms across 16 European streams (from northern Spain to northern Sweden and from western Ireland to western Bulgaria) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, it examined environmental factors influencing both abundance and community composition and explored the link to measured potential methane production and oxidation rates of the respective sediments. Results: Our results demonstrated that the methanogenic and methanotrophic microbiomes of the studied European streams were linked to both the temperature and degree of anthropogenic alteration. The microbiomes could be separated into two to three groups according to environmental factors at both stream and catchment scales. Main methanogenic taxa found within more anthropogenically-altered, warm, and oxygen-poor environments were either Methanospirillum spp. or members of the families Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae . Within such environments, methane oxidizing communities were strongly characterized by members of the family Methylobacteriaceae ( Meganema spp. and Microvirga spp.). Contrastingly, communities in colder environments rich in oxygen and with relatively little anthropogenic impact at the catchment scale were characterized by the methanogenic Methanosaetaceae , Methanocellaceae and Methanoregulaceae and the methanotrophic Methyloglobulus spp ., members of the CABC2E06 group (all Methylococcaceae ) and by various Candidatus Methanoperedens. Overall, diversity of methanogenic archaea increased with increasing water temperature. Methane oxidizing communities showed higher diversities in southern sampling sites and in streams with larger stream areas and widths. Potential methane production rates significantly increased with increasing abundance of methanogenic archaea, while potential methane oxidation rates did not show significant correlations with abundances of methane oxidizing bacteria, presumably due to the more diverse physiological capabilities of this group. Conclusions: We present the first large scale overview of the large-scale microbial biogeography of two microbial groups driving the methane cycle dynamics within stream sediments and deduce the impact that future anthropogenic alterations may cause.

International audience