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FAMILY Soleidae Pardachirus poropterus (Bleeker, 1851); Native; Estuary Sole; Found in coastal wetlands across the Philippines; USNM 56164; Herre 1953; DD, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295."]}

Jamandre, Brian Wade (2023): Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist. Zootaxa 5301 (2): 151-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1

A pesar de ser un género diverso con un total de 53 especies, Aseraggodes solo tiene registros confirmados de una especie en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT). En esta nota se presenta el primer registro del lenguado de Herre, A. herrei, para Colombia, a partir de dos especímenes observados a 24 m de profundidad, en el costado oriental de la isla Malpelo. Ambos individuos estaban camuflados sobre sustrato de arena gruesa. Diferenciarlos del sustrato fue difícil, lo que podría explicar, junto con la poca disponibilidad de hábitat, por qué esta especie no había sido registrada previamente para la isla. Este registro amplía la distribución geográfica insular de A. herrei más allá de los archipiélagos de Galápagos y de Revillagigedo y de la isla del Coco en el POT. Además, resalta la importancia de las especies visualmente crípticas y estrechamente asociadas al bentos en los inventarios de riqueza íctica.

Soleidae indet. Fig. 23E–F Remarks Although exhibiting typical soleid features, we judge that the only, two very small specimens from the Piney Point Formation are not appropriate for further description and taxonomic evaluation. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution Lutetian: Piney Point Formation, Virginia., Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on page 71, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355

The fossil otoliths of the southern USA have been known for more than 130 years and are among the richest assemblages worldwide. However, previous studies are often scattered and with outdated systematic scheme. A collection of over 25000 otoliths ranging in age from the Lutetian to the Priabonian from 47 sites in five states in the eastern and southern USA is analysed here. Combined with the earlier described material, at least 101 otolith-based taxa are documented, of which 83 are identified at species level. Fourteen of these are introduced as new species: Elopothrissus bernardlemorti sp. nov., “Muraenesox” barrytownensis sp. nov., Pseudophichthys texanus sp. nov., Paraconger wechesensis sp. nov., Neoopisthopterus weltoni sp. nov., “aff. Glyptophidium” stringeri sp. nov., Symmetrosulcus dockeryi sp. nov., Mene garviei sp. nov., “Citharus” varians sp. nov., Waitakia beelzebub sp. nov., Astroscopus compactus sp. nov., Parascombrops yanceyi sp. nov., Anisotremus rambo sp. nov., and Pagellus pamunkeyensis sp. nov. The assemblages are distinct fom contemporary European faunas by the complete lack of mesopelagic fish otoliths, and by the presence of sciaenids. Dominant taxa in the American Eocene are the Ophidiidae, Sciaenidae, Lactariidae, and Congridae. They indicate shallow-water environments for all the sampled sites. The notable abundance of those taxa suggests that they could have a higher turnover rate, and provided fundamental nutrition in the local Paleogene marine ecosystem. Further analyses of the species in the stratigraphic succession revealed that a faunal turnover between the Claiborne and Jackson seas was evident in teleosts, and it might be more widespread in other marine organisms in the region.

A single specimen of the whiskered sole Monochirus hispidus (Rafinesque, 1814) was caught at a depth of 24 m from Tasucu, Mersin Bay (North-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey) in the winter season on February 2019. The present paper reports the first occurrence and is the confirmation of the whiskered sole M. hispidus from Mersin Bay, Turkey (North-eastern Mediterranean Sea). Since it was recorded only once in the last twenty-six years this species could be considered as exceptionally rare in the easternmost area of the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey.

Fifteen specimens (56.4–112.9 mm standard length) of Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner, 1896) (Pleuronectiformes, Soleidae), previously known from southern Japan to the Gulf of Thailand, were collected from Malaysia. A detailed description is given for the specimens, being the first collected from Malaysian waters and southernmost records of the species.

In the Turkish Black Sea coasts fish is particularly consumed because of high protein supplies, essential amino acids, vitamin, and mineral content. Fish are exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals in polluted waters. The aims of the study are to determine heavy metals in Pleuronectiformes species from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and determine the health risks due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Pleuronectiformes species Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to Scophthalmidae family, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) belonging to Bothidae family and Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810) belonging to Soleidae family were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in fishing season of 2016. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in edible tissues were determined by ICP-MS (Agilent 7700x). The limit values given by the international and national organizations did not exceed in the muscle tissues of turbot, Mediterranean scald fish and sand sole. Overall Zn was detected in higher concentrations in all species followed by Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd. The results obtained from the analyses of the maximum levels of the metals except Hg were found in turbot. The highest Hg (0.021±0.007 µg g -1 wet wt.) was found in sand sole. However, the high amounts of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in turbot were 0.011±0.004, 0.07±0.005,1.32±0.28 and 14±3 µg g -1 wet wt., respectively. The EDIs and EWIs of the metals were estimated taking into account the mean of metal in all fish samples and the mean consumption of fish per day/week for adults. These results are normally significantly lower than the recommended values of FAO/WHO. Estimated HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1, therefore the metals in fish samples do not toxic any apparent threat to the population and these fishes are healthy for consumption. Keywords: Scophthalmus maximus , Arnoglossus laterna , Pegusa lascaris , heavy metals, Black Sea

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Allopodocotyle tunisiensis (Digenea, Opecoelidae), an intestinal parasite of Solea aegyptiaca (Teleostei, Soleidae), is described by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mature spermatozoon is a filiform cell that exhibits two axonemes of different length with the 9+'1' pattern of trepaxonematan Platyhelminthes. In the anterior spermatozoon extremity, cortical microtubules are absent. They appear after the disappearance of an anterior electron-dense material, being initially in a continuous and submembranous layer. They surround only partially the sperm cell. Later, these cortical microtubules are distributed into two bundles. Additionally, the spermatozoon of A. tunisiensis shows two mitochondria, a nucleus, an external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies, and a large amount of glycogen granules. According to the location of the external ornamentation, A. tunisiensis presents a Quilichini et al.'s type 2 spermatozoon. With respect to the posterior extremity, the sperm cell of A. tunisiensis corresponds to the Quilichini et al.'s opecoelid type. The morphology of the first mitochondrion with a U-shaped posterior extremity is described for the first time in a digenean spermatozoon.

This checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel enumerates 469 species which is an addition of 62 species since the previous checklist of 2005. This new checklist includes 58 Condrichthys and 411 Osteicthys species. Most newly-recorded species are of Red Sea origin (Lessepsian migrants)—38 species, 25 species are from previously poorly investigated habitats, mainly deep water, while two species reached the Mediterranean most likely by ballast water and two are aquaculture escapees. The dramatic increase in the number of Lessepsian migrants (an average of 2.5 species per year) is most likely due to the increased water influx between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, following the recent opening of the new parallel, 72 km, “new canal” and the enlargement of other parts of the Suez Canal.

Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker 1852) [English name: Dusky Sole; standard Japanese name: Amami-ushinoshita] Figures 1���5; Table 1 Synaptura aspilos Bleeker 1852: 74 (type locality: Singapore). Synaptura marmoratus Bleeker 1853: 90 (type locality: Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia). Synaptura heterolepis Bleeker 1856: 65 (type locality: Ambon, Molucca Islands, Indonesia). Brachirus heterolepis: Bleeker 1865 ���1871: 20, pl. 236, fig. 2 (Singapore; Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia; Labuha, Bacan Islands, Indonesia; Atapupu, Timor, Indonesia; Wahai, Ceram Islands, Indonesia; Ambon, Molucca Islands, Indonesia); Munroe 2001: 3881 (western central Pacific); Allen & Erdmann 2012: 1054, unnumbered figs. (Sumatra to West Papua, Indonesia); Fricke et al. 2014: 190 (Madang, Papua New Guinea). Synaptura dicholepis Peters 1877: 844 (type locality: New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea). Synaptura sorsogonensis Evermann & Seale 1907: 106, fig. 22 (type locality: Bacon, Sorsogon, Luzon, Philippines). Synaptura marginata (not of Boulenger 1900): Ochiai 1984: 340, fig. 319-H (Amami-oshima island to Okinawa Pref., Japan); Iwatsuki et al. 2000: 105 [Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia (based on MUFS 18709, 18911)]; Sakai et al. 2001: 123 (Amami to Yaeyama islands, Japan); Allen & Adrim 2003: 64 (Sumatra to Papua, Indonesia); Matsuura et al. 2003: 216, unnumbered fig. (Bitung, Indonesia; fig. based on Japanese specimen); Shao et al. 2008: 265 (southern Taiwan); Motomura & Matsuura 2010: 232 (Yaku-shima island, Osumi Islands, Japan); Ohashi & Motomura 2011: 109 (Yaku-shima island, Osumi Islands, Japan); Nakabo & Doiuchi 2013: 1692, unnumbered figs. (Yaku-shima island and Ryukyu Islands, Japan). Brachirus aspilos: Munroe 2000: 646 (South China Sea); Munroe 2001: 3881 (western central Pacific); Larson et al. 2013: 226 (Northern Territory, Australia); Voronina 2019: 418. Brachirus sorsogonensis: Munroe 2000: 646 (South China Sea); Munroe 2001; 3884 (Philippines and Samoa). Brachirus dicholepis: Munroe 2001: 3881 (western central Pacific); Fricke et al. 2019: 317 (New Ireland, Papua New Guinea); Voronina 2019: 418. Brachirus marmoratus: Allen & Erdmann 2012: 1054, unnumbered figs. (Java, Bali, Nusa Penida, Flores, and Sulawesi, Indonesia). Dagetichthys marginatus (not of Boulenger 1900): Kottelat 2013: 465 (Mekong delta); Muto 2019: 495, unnumbered figs. [Amami-oshima island (based on KAUM���I. 76287) and Yoron-jima island (based on KAUM���I. 104207), Amami Islands, Japan]. Holotype. BMNH 1862.6.3.5, 138.2 mm SL, Singapore, P. Bleeker. Other type specimens examined. BMNH 1862.6.3.1, holotype of Synaptura heterolepis, 226.2 mm SL, Ambon, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, P. Bleeker; USNM 55916, holotype of Synaptura sorsogonensis, 193.7 mm SL, Bacon, Sorsogon, Luzon, Philippines, C. Pierson; ZMB 9861, holotype of Synaptura dicholepis, 274.3 mm SL, New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Non-type specimens examined. 48 specimens, 23.6���403.3 mm SL. JAPAN: BSKU 50080, 205.8 mm SL, Shirahama, Iriomote-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, 12 Oct. 2011; BSKU 113945, 160.8 mm SL, BSKU 113946, 304.4 mm SL, Shirahama, Iriomote-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, 14 Apr. 2014; BSKU 114074, 279.5 mm SL, Funaura Port, Iriomote-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, 18 Apr. 2014; KAUM���I. 28461, 278.0 mm SL, KAUM���I. 28462, 275.2 mm SL, KAUM���I. 28463, 324.0 mm SL, off Hirayashiki, Katsuren, Uruma, Okinawa, 26��17���N, 127��55��E, Motomura et al., 13 Apr. 2010; KAUM���I. 60781, 259.7 mm SL, off Minatomachi, Naha, Okinawa, 26��13��N, 127��40��E, H. Iwatsubo, 6 Dec. 2013; KAUM���I. 64921, 170.4 mm SL, Toguchi Beach, Yomitan, Nakagami, Okinawa, 26��22��N, 127��44��E, Y. Sakurai, 26 Oct. 2013; KAUM���I. 104207, 221.5 mm SL, Chabana Beach, Yoron-jima island, Amami Islands, Kagoshima, 27��03��N, 128��24��E, 2���4 m, D. Uyeno et al., 2 July 2017; KAUM���I. 116037, 334.1 mm SL, KAUM���I. 116038, 347.3 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands from Amami to Yaeyama islands (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), Y. Sakurai, 2 May 2018; KAUM���I. 116039, 326.8 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands from Amami to Yaeyama islands (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), Y. Sakurai, 21 Apr. 2018; KAUM���I. 117762, 162.0 mm SL, off Hiyane, Okinawa, 26��18��41����N, 127��50��03����E, 2���4 m, Y. Sakurai, 25 May 2018; KAUM���I. 117767, 161.7 mm SL, off Hiyane, Okinawa, 26��18��41����N, 127��50��03����E, 2���4 m, Y. Sakurai, 7 June 2018; KAUM���I. 125214, 235.7 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands from Amami to Yaeyama islands (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), Y. Sakurai, 19 Oct. 2018; KAUM���I. 125230, 258.6 mm SL, KAUM���I. 125231, 268.7 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands from Amami to Yaeyama islands (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), Y. Sakurai, 3 Nov. 2018; KAUM���I. 128765, 291.8 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands from Amami to Yaeyama islands (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), Y. Sakurai, 18 Feb. 2019; KAUM���I. 131182, 127.4 mm SL, off Awase, Okinawa, 26��18��47����N, 127��51��02����E, 1.5���2.0 m, 6 June 2019; KPM-NI 17684, 403.3 mm SL, KPM-NI 17685, 362.7 mm SL, south of Tokashiku Beach, Tokashiki-jima island, Kerama Islands, Okinawa Islands, Okinawa, Y. Miyazaki, 10 Mar. 2006; KPM-NI 24325, 274.0 mm SL, Okinawa (purchased at Tomari Fish Market), 11 July 2009; KPM-NI 33316, 102.6 mm SL, Yakata, Okinawa-jima island, Okinawa Islands, Okinawa, H. Senou & M. Aizawa, 7 Sept. 1990; KPM-NI 34050, 88.3 mm SL, Ishigaki-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, H. Senou et al., 4 Sept. 1991; KPM-NI 34089, 23.6 mm SL, mouth of Miyara River, Ishigaki-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, H. Senou et al., 5 Sept. 1991; KPM-NI 37533, 159.8 mm SL, Awase, Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa-jima island, Okinawa Islands, Okinawa, 0.5 m, K. Matsuzaki, 28 May 2014; NSMT-P 34102, 213.2 mm SL, Sakinome, Setouchi, Amami-oshima island, Amami Islands, Kagoshima, 28��11��06����N, 129��16��12����E, 5 m, 14 Sept. 1989; NSMT-P 59151, 184.1 mm SL, Yonada River, Iriomote-jima island, Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Mar. 1997; HUMZ 63002, 197.1 mm SL, Naha, Okinawa (purchased at Makishi Market), July 1993; HUMZ 101193, 312.3 mm SL, Ishikawa, Okinawa (purchased at fish market), 15 Apr. 1984; URM-P 19794, 334.8 mm SL, Onna, Kunigami, Okinawa, 14 Aug. 1988; URM-P 43494, 249.6 mm SL, Itoman, Okinawa (purchased at fish market), K. Shimada, 28 Oct. 2005; URM-P 43563, 283.8 mm SL, Yonajou, Okinawa (purchased at fish market), K. Shimada, 5 Oct. 2005. TAIWAN: NMMBP 2297, 342.7 mm SL, Hou-bi-hwo, Pingtung, trawl, 0���1.0 m, J.-P. Chen, 7 Dec. 2001. PHILIPPINES: BMNH 1933.3.11.792, 182.3 mm SL, Culion, A. Herre; UPVMI 2521, 257.4 mm SL, UPVMI 2522, 266.9 mm SL, off Estancia, Iloilo, Panay Island, Visayas (purchased at Estansia Fish Market), J. Okamoto, 25 July 2018; USNM 445291, 179.2 mm SL, USNM 445293, 209.4 mm SL, USNM 445295, 221.4 mm SL, off Tayabas Bay, Quezon, Luzon (purchased at Pagbilao Market), J. Williams et al., 26 Oct. 2017. SINGAPORE: BMNH 1933.7.31.21, 144.5 mm SL, BMNH 1933.7.31.22, 142.1 mm SL, purchased at fish market; ZRC 55760, 2 specimens, 98.1���99.6 mm SL, intertidal lagoon next to Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal, Tenah Merah, H.-H. Tan et al., 12���15 Jan. 2017; ZRC 30305, 268.6 mm SL, reef flat at southeast coast of Sentosa, D.-G. -B. Chia et al., 21 May 1992; ZRC 47351, 282.6 mm SL, Changi Beach, 24 Jan. 2002, ZRC 60307, 194.5 mm SL, purchased at fish market, H.-C. Ho et al., 7 Aug. 2018. INDONESIA: BMNH 1858.4.29.4, 155.6 mm SL, Ambon, G. Frank; NSMT-P 63024, 175.1 mm SL, west coast of Batsulubang, Lembeh Island, Bitung, North Sulawesi, 01��26��00����N, 125��11��30����E, 1 m; NSMT-P 62035, 107.7 mm SL, west coast of Tanjung Lampu, Lembeh Island, Bitung, North Sulawesi, 01��26��00����N, 125��11��18����E, 1.5 m. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: BMNH 1881.10.18.17, 150.5 mm SL, New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. AUSTRALIA: WAM P.29052-017, 90.6 mm SL, Middle Island, Ashmore Reef, Western Australia, 12��16��S, 123��02��E, 0.1���0.4 m, G. Allen, 16 Sept. 1986; WAM P.14816-001, 133.4 mm SL, Shark Bay, Western Australia, 25��21��S, 113��44����E, R. McKay, July 1958. Diagnosis. A species of Brachirus with the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays 64���76 (mode 71), anal-fin rays 51���62 (56), pored scales on straight portion of lateral line 93���126 (118); vertebrae 41���44 (43); pectoral-fin rays 4���7 (6) and 4���7 (5) on ocular and blind sides, respectively; pelvic-fin rays 4���6 (5) and 4 or 5 (4) on ocular and blind sides, respectively; caudal-fin rays 13���15 (14); body slightly elongate, its depth 40.0���51.0 (mean 45.5)% SL; head length 16.1���23.9 (18.6)% SL; pectoral fin on ocular side longer than that on blind side, 5.3���7.6 (6.6)% SL and 4.0���6.0 (4.8)% SL, respectively; pelvic fin on ocular side longer than that on blind side, 4.9���7.4 (6.0)% SL and 4.3���7.5 (5.8)% SL, respectively; body depth below lateral line 21.7���27.1 (23.4)% SL; lips without labial papillae; eyes separated by scaled interorbital space; cycloid or weakly ctenoid scales on blind side; body on ocular side uniformly brown or grey with dark vermiculation, some small white blotches along dorsal- and anal-fin bases, or without remarkable pattern. Description. Frequency data of selected meristic characters and proportional measurements as percentages of SL given in Table 1. Dorsal-fin rays all branched at tips (except small individuals), uppermost quadruple-branched, number of branches tending to increase with growth, a papilla in front of 1st dorsal ray; anal-fin rays all branched at tips (except small individuals), uppermost ray quadruple-branched, number of branches tending to increase with growth; caudal-fin rays all branched at tips (except small individuals), uppermost ray quadruple-branched, number of branches tending to increase with growth; pectoral fin rays on ocular side all double-branched at tips; pelvic-fin rays on ocular side all double- or triple-branched at tips, third rays longest on both sides; curved lateral line scales on ocular side of head curved; dorsal pterygiophore formula (number of proximal pterygiophores inserted onto dorsal edge of erisma) 4 or 5 (5), number of pterygiophores attached to or directly over cranium and dorsoposterior surface of neural spine of second vertebra 0 and 3���5 (3), respectively. Body moderately extended and wider compared to other soles; body thin (juveniles very thin); eyes small (much larger relative size much greater in juveniles), sometimes with about 7 short-hairy cirri-like eyelashes; a narrow concave interorbital space covered with scales; relative to long axis of body upper and lower eyes overlapping by about one-fourth eye diameter; upper end of gill opening horizontally level with ventral margin of lower eye. Mouth interior, jaws strongly curved; maxilla extending posteriorly to vertical through lower eye anterior margin; jaws on blind side with a band of villiform teeth (about 2 rows in widest portion); anterior-nostril tube on front of lower eye slender, short, its length about half eye diameter, posterior-nostril tube on ocular side with small aperture, shorter and wider than anterior tube; a single nostril tube on blind side surrounded with hairy membrane located behind eye. Scales ctenoid on ocular side of body, with 9���14 cteni (juveniles and small individuals with fewer cteni), cycloid or weakly ctenoid on blind side of body, with 1 (rarely 2 or 3) cteni (most juveniles or small individuals with cycloid scales only on blind side, Fig. 3); scales progressively smaller towards head and bases of dorsal and anal fins; number of cteni tending to increase towards posterior base of anal fin; cteni smaller than cirri (sensory papillae); many short cirri scattered on ocular side of body, fewer short cirri on blind side; scales on ocular side of head and caudal fin rays small, with cteni; a dense circular mass of papillae forming reticulate pattern on blind side of head before vertical through pelvic-fin base; dorsal, anal and caudal fin rays on ocular side covered with 2 scale rows, their size diminishing distally, scales with about 3 cteni; 17���20 (18) scale rows between posterior margin of lower eye and upper opening of operculum on ocular side; many cirri scattered on ocular side of head; opercular edge of gill opening on both sides with developed membrane; uppermost gill opening at base of pectoral fin; lateral line straight along midline of body on both sides, lateral line on head on ocular side curved, below 9���10th to 14���16th dorsal-fin bases; medio-lateral line on blind side of body continuing on head along upper edge of operculum and connecting with curved line extending to 15th dorsal ray, continuous with many branches of cephalic lateral line system. Dorsal and anal fin bases at level of 20th anal- and dorsal-fin rays, respectively, on ocular side covered with 1 or 2 and 8���10 scale rows, respectively; scales present on blind side (difficult to count in juveniles and small individuals); ocular side of caudal fin base mostly covered with scales (12���14 rows), scales progressively smaller posteriorly, fewer scales on blind side; pectoral-fin base on ocular side covered by 2 or 3 scale rows with 2 or 3 lines, pectoral-fin rays on both sides not covered with scales (ocular side pelvic-fin base scaled in juveniles and small individuals, scales absent on blind side); membrane of dorsal and anal fins on both sides connected, progressively shorter posteriorly; some cirri scattered randomly on all fin rays on ocular side (many cirri in larger individuals); genital papilla just anterior to anal-fin origin; anus small, at anterior of 1st anal-fin ray, between genital papilla and blind side pelvic fin base. Origin of dorsal fin above anterior margin of lower eye joined with anterior edge of upper lip; first dorsal-fin ray 8.0���19.7 (13.7) % HL; origin of anal fin about level with 13th ���15th dorsal-fin ray; pre-anal fin length 12.1���19.9 (15.3) % SL; first anal-fin ray 15.1���28.5 (21.2) % HL; 3rd pectoral-fin largest on both sides; pelvic fins close together on ventral edge of body, base of pelvic fin on ocular side slightly wider, reaching or just short of base of 4th anal-fin ray, 3rd ray longest on both sides. ......continued on the next page O: ocular side; B: blind side. Coloration when fresh. Based on color photographs of fresh specimens (Fig. 4 A���F). The color pattern difference appear not to depend on sexes from examination of gonads, but probably depends on substrate of the habitat. Body color on ocular side variegated, highly variable, generally greyish or brownish, mottled with irregularly scattered, variously-sized pale or light greyish or brownish blotches and irregular vertical dark brown bands (some individuals with 4 or 5 bands on midbody along lateral line (Figs. 2D, 4A, D); occasionally tortoiseshell-like patterns of pale spots and lines (Figs. 2B, 4A, D���E), or scattered white blotches (sometimes absent in juveniles and adults), usually with a series of small white blotches along entire dorsal- and anal-fin bases and lacking dark grey vertical bands (Fig. 4 D���E); sometimes varying from whitish-grey to blackish (Fig. 4 A���C). Body on blind side pale yellow with dark brown dorsal, anal and caudal fins; inside of mouth greyish. Head greyish or brownish; sometimes ca. 5 semicircular spots above upper eye. Opercular membrane light grey. All cirri on both sides of body translucent brown. Several blackish to brownish blotches with thin dark borders along dorsal- and anal-fin bases (Figs. 2D, 4A, D). Dorsal, anal and caudal fin colors on both sides similar to that of ocular side of body, greyish to brownish (Fig. 4); tips of dorsal, anal and caudal fins with white margin; pectoral fin uniformly translucent white, sometimes with black small spots above central area on blind side, tips sometimes with white to yellow margin; pelvic fins generally greyish or brownish, tips on ocular side whitish, uniformly translucent white on blind side. Distribution. Currently known from tropical to subtropical waters in the southeastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, having been recorded from Japan, East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and Australia (Bleeker 1852, 1853, 1856; Peters 1877; Evermann & Seale 1907; Munroe 2000, 2001; Hoese & Bray 2006; Kottelat 2013; Larson et al. 2013; Frick et al. 2014; this study: Fig. 5). Specimens of B. aspilos examined in the present study had been collected from shallow marine and estuarine waters in depths less than 5 m. However, underwater photographs have shown individuals on shallow sandy bottoms between 2���30 m depth (Allen & Erdmann 2012; this study)., Published as part of Okamoto, Jo & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2021, Redescription of Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker 1852), a senior synonym of four nominal species, with a note on the distribution of Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger 1900) (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae), pp. 354-368 in Zootaxa 4908 (3) on pages 355-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4441865, {"references":["Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Singapore. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indi, 3, 51 - 86.","Bleeker, P. (1853) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Solor. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indi, 5, 67 - 96.","Bleeker, P. (1856) Beschrijvingen van nieuwe en weinig bekende vischsoorten van Amboina, verzameld op eene reis door den Molukschen Archipel, gedaan in het gevolg van den Gouverneur Generaal Duymaer van Twist, in September en Oktober 1855. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Nerlandicae, 1, 1 - 76.","Bleeker, P. (1865 - 1871) Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises, Publies sous les Auspices du Gouvernement Colonial Neerlandais. Tome VI. Pleuronectes, Scombresoces, Clupees, Clupesoces, Chauliodontes, Saurides. Frederic Muller et Co, Amsterdam, pls. 232 - 278.","Munroe, T. A. (2001) Soleidae, Soles. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony Fishes Part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), Estuarine Crocodiles, Sea Turtles, Sea Snakes and Marine Mammals. FAO, Rome, pp. 3878 - 3889.","Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) s. n. In: Reef Fishes of the East Indies. Vol. 3. Tropical Reef Research, Perth, pp. 857 - 1260.","Fricke, R., Allen, G. R., Andrefouet, S., Chen, W. - J., Hamel, M. A., Laboute, P., Mana, R., Tan, H. - H. & Uyeno, D. (2014) Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records. Zootaxa, 3832 (1), 1 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3832.1.1","Peters, W. C. H. (1877) Ubersicht der wahrend der von 1874 bis 1876 unter dem Commando des Hrn. Capitan z. S. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefuhrten Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelten und von der Kaiserlichen Admiralitat der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ubersandten Fische. Monatsberichte der K ˆ niglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 831 - 854.","Evermann, B. W. & Seale, A. (1907) Fishes of the Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 26, 49 - 110.","Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Descriptions of new fishes from the Cape of Good Hope. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 8, 10 - 12, pls. 1 - 3.","Ochiai, A. (1984) Soleidae. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (Eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 340 - 341, pl. 319.","Iwatsuki, Y., Djawad, M. I., Burhanuddin, A. I., Motomura, H. & Hidaka, K. (2000) A preliminary list of the epipelagic and inshore fishes of Makassar (= Ujung Pandang), south Sulawesi, Indonesia, collected mainly from fish markets between 23 - 27 January 2000, with notes on fishery catch characteristics. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, 47, 95 - 114.","Sakai, H., Sato, M. & Nakamura, M. (2001) Annotated checklist of fishes collected from the rivers in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 27, 81 - 139.","Allen, G. R. & Adrim, M. (2003) Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zoological Studies, 42, 1 - 72.","Matsuura, K., Peristiwady, T. & Suharti, S. R. (2003) Soleidae. In: Kimura, S. & Matsuura, K. (Eds.), Fishes of Bitung, Northern Tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 215 - 216.","Shao, K. - T., Ho, H. - C., Lin, P. - L., Lee, P. - F., Lee, M. - Y., Tsai, C. - Y., Liao, Y. - C. & Lin, Y. - C. (2008) A check list of the fishes of southern Taiwan, northern South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 19, 233 - 271.","Motomura, H. & Matsuura, K. (2010) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island-A World Heritage Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, Southern Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, viii + 264 pp. [http: // www. museum. kagoshima-u. ac. jp / staff / motomura / dl _ en. html]","Ohashi, Y. & Motomura, H. (2011) Pleuronectiform fishes of northern Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Nature of Kagoshima, 37, 71 - 118.","Nakabo, T. & Doiuchi, R. (2013) Family Soleidae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed), Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. 3 rd Edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano, pp. 1687 - 1692 + 2231 - 2233.","Munroe, T. A. (2000) Family Soleidae (soles). In: Randall, J. E. & Lim, K. K. P. (Eds.), A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 8, pp. 645 - 646.","Larson, H. K., Williams, R. S. & Hammer, M. P. (2013) An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa, 3696 (1), 1 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3696.1.1","Voronina, E. P. (2019) Brachirus sayaensis, a new soleid species (Soleidae: Pleuronectiformes) from Saya de Malha Bank. Journal of Ichthyology, 59, 418 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945219030202","Fricke, R., Allen, G. R., Amon, D., Andrefouet, S., Chen, W. - J., Kinch, J., Mana, R., Russell, B. C., Tully, D. & White, W. T. (2019) Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records. Zootaxa, 4588 (1), 1 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4588.1.1","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 27, 1 - 663.","Muto, N. (2019) Family Soleidae. In: Motomura, H., Hagiwara, K., Senou, H. & Nakae, M. (Eds.), Identification Guide to Fishes of the Amami Islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The Minaminippon Shimbun Kaihatsu Center, Kagoshima, pp. 403 - 405.","Hoese, D. F. & Bray, D. J. (2006) Soleidae. In: Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R. & Allen, G. R. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Fishes. Part 3. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 1841 - 1852."]}

The poorly known sole Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker 1852) is redescribed on the basis of the holotype and 48 non-type specimens from Japan, Taiwan, Philippine, Singapore, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Australia. The species is characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays 64–76 (mode 71), anal-fin rays 51–62 (56), pored scales on straight portion of lateral line 93–126 (118); vertebrae 41–44 (43); pectoral-fin rays 4–7 (6) and 4–7 (5) on ocular and blind sides, respectively; pelvic-fin rays 4–6 (5) and 4–5 (4) on ocular and blind sides, respectively; caudal-fin rays 13–15 (14); body slightly elongate, its depth 40.0–51.0 (mean 45.5)% SL; head length 16.1–23.9 (18.6)% SL; pectoral fin on ocular side longer than that on blind side, 5.3–7.6 (6.6)% SL and 4.0–6.0 (4.8)% SL, respectively; pelvic fin on ocular side longer than that on blind side, 4.9–7.4 (6.0)% SL and 4.3–7.5 (5.8)% SL, respectively; body depth below lateral line 21.7–27.1 (23.4)% SL; lips without labial papillae; eyes separated by scaled interorbital space; cycloid or weakly ctenoid scales on blind side; body on ocular side uniformly brown or grey with dark vermiculation, some small white blotches along dorsal- and anal-fin bases, or without remarkable pattern. Brachirus dicholepis (Peters 1877), B. heterolepis (Bleeker 1856), B. marmoratus (Bleeker 1853), and B. sorsogonensis (Evermann & Seale 1907), previously regarded as valid species, are all regarded as junior synonyms of B. aspilos. In addition, specimens previously reported as Dagetichthys marginatus (Boulenger 1900) from the western Pacific Ocean are re-identified as B. aspilos, the former species being considered restricted to South African waters.

Cynoglossus monopus, a small benthic fish, belongs to the Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectiformes. It was rarely studied due to its low abundance and cryptical lifestyle. In order to understand the mitochondrial genome and the phylogeny in Cynoglossidae, the complete mitogenome of C. monopus has been sequenced and analyzed for the first time. The total length is 16,425 bp, typically containing 37 genes with novel gene rearrangements. The tRNA-Gln gene is inverted from the light to the heavy strand and translocated from the downstream of tRNA-Ile gene to its upstream. The control region (CR) translocated downstream to the 3&rsquo, end of ND1 gene adjoining to inverted to tRNA-Gln and left a 24 bp trace fragment in the original position. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods based on the mitogenomic data of 32 tonguefish species and two outgroups. The results support the idea that Cynoglossidae is a monophyletic group and indicate that C. monopus has the closest phylogenetic relationship with C. puncticeps. By combining fossil records and mitogenome data, the time-calibrated evolutionary tree of families Cynoglossidae and Soleidae was firstly presented, and it was indicated that Cynoglossidae and Soleidae were differentiated from each other during Paleogene, and the evolutionary process of family Cynoglossidae covered the Quaternary, Neogene and Paleogene periods.

Solea solea (Linnaeus 1758) ���Common sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Solea vulgaris aegyptiaca Chabanaud by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66); subsequently recorded as Solea vulgaris aegyptiaca Chabanaud 1927 by Mouneimn�� (2002: 238). Material in collection: SMNS and USNM (as S. vulgaris). Distribution. Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway to Senegal including Madeira, Canary and? Cape Verde Islands. Conservation. IUCN: Global (DD: 15 July 2014); Med. (LC: 29 February 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Very rare. Low priority for conservation action. Scorpaeniformes, Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud 1927 ���Egyptian sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Solea vulgaris Queensel var. oegyptiaca, Chab. by Gruvel (1931: 82). Material in collection: AUBM. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea endemic; recorded as NIS from the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea. Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 12 July 2014); Med. (LC: 12 July 2014). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Gruvel, A. (1931) Les Etats de Syrie. Richesses marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle-Avenir. Societe d'Editions Geographiques, Maritimes et Coloniale, 453 pp."]}

Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque 1814 ���Whiskered sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66); subsequently recorded as Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque 1814 by Mouneimn�� (2002: 240). Material in collection: AUBM (OS3907). Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Ghana. Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 8 July 2014); Med. (DD: 15 November 2007). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758) ���Four-eyed sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus) by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66); subsequently recorded as Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758) by Mouneimn�� (2002: 239���240). Material in collection: AUBM (OS3876). Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Spain south to Sierra Leone; southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa to Madagascar. Conservation. IUCN: Global (DD: 20 May 2013); Med. (LC: 28 February 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

Pegusa impar (Bennett 1831) ���Adriatic sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Solea lascaris (Risso) by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66), subsequently recorded as Solea impar (Bennett) by Mouneimn�� (1979: 110) and by Mouneimn�� (2002: 237���238). Material in collection: AUBM and USNM. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar south to Senegal. Conservation. IUCN: Global (NE); Med. (DD: 28 February 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (1979) Poissons nouveaux pour les cotes libanaises. Cybium, 3 (6), 105 - 110.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

This is an annotated checklist of the marine fish species of Lebanon (Levant coast, eastern Mediterranean). It comprises a total of 367 fish species distributed in 159 families and 27 orders, out of which 70 species are non-indigenous and 28 are recorded for the first time from Lebanon. The checklist includes all names and citations of species found in the literature, as well as references to specimens available in museum collections. It also includes an updated zoogeographic distribution and conservation status for each species. Threats were estimated based on surveys and observations made over the last two decades; broadly categorized conservation actions were also suggested.

Pegusa lascaris (Risso 1810) ���Sand sole Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Pegusa lascaris, Risso = Solea lascaris, Risso by Gruvel (1931: 82); subsequently recorded as Solea lascaris Bonaparte 1832 by George et al. (1964: 24). Material in collection: AUBM and USNM. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to South Africa. Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 20 May 2013); Med. (DD: 29 February 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Gruvel, A. (1931) Les Etats de Syrie. Richesses marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle-Avenir. Societe d'Editions Geographiques, Maritimes et Coloniale, 453 pp.","George, C. J., Athanassiou, V. A. & Boulos, I. (1964) The fishes of the coastal waters of Lebanon. Miscellaneous Papers in the Natural Sciences. The American University of Beirut, 4, 1 - 24."]}

Buglossidium luteum (Risso 1810) ���Solenette Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Solea lutea Risso 1810 by George et al. (1964: 24); subsequently recorded as Buglossidium luteum (Risso) by Mouneimn�� (1977: 66); as Buglossidium luteum (Risso 1810) by Mouneimn�� (2002: 239). Distribution. Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, eastern Atlantic: Iceland, Scotland and southern Norway south to Morocco. Conservation. IUCN: Global (LC: 4 February 2009); Med. (LC: 28 February 2008). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Very rare. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["George, C. J., Athanassiou, V. A. & Boulos, I. (1964) The fishes of the coastal waters of Lebanon. Miscellaneous Papers in the Natural Sciences. The American University of Beirut, 4, 1 - 24.","Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

Solea aegyptiaca (Chabanaud, 1927) is one of the most common Soleid species in southern Tunisian waters. This study provides the first detailed information on the reproduction biology of S. aegyptiaca in these areas. Samples of S. aegyptiaca were collected by trawl from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) between April 2013 and March 2015. A total of 1638 specimens were examined, ranging from 9.7 to 30.7 cm total length. The sex ratio was in favour of males in smaller size classes and females in larger size classes. The macroscopic analysis of the gonads and the progression of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated that the reproductive season extended from October to February, with GSI peaking in November and December for males and females respectively, and that spawning occurs once a year from November to February. The utilization of lipid reserves, stored predominantly in the liver as well as in muscles, was depicted. The estimated average length at first maturity was 22.31 ± 0.41 cm for males and 23.19 ± 0.184 cm for females. Total fecundity of mature females ranged from 14,160–62,700 eggs per fish, showing a significant increase with size, with an average of 33,020 ± 5239 eggs per fish.