126 results on '"Sonam Kumari"'
Search Results
2. Development of engineered Candida tropicalis strain for efficient corncob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery
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Anup Kumar Singh, Farha Deeba, Mohit Kumar, Sonam Kumari, Shahid Ali Wani, Tanushree Paul, and Naseem A. Gaur
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Strain development ,Xylitol ,C. tropicalis ,Corncob ,XDH ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Xylitol has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, food and beverage industry. Microbial xylitol production reduces the risk of contamination and is considered as environment friendly and sustainable compared to the chemical method. In this study, random mutagenesis and genetic engineering approaches were employed to develop Candida tropicalis strains with reduced xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) activity to eliminate co-substrate requirement for corn cob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery. Results The results suggest that when pure xylose (10% w/v) was fermented in bioreactor, the Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutated strain (C. tropicalis K2M) showed 9.2% and XYL2 heterozygous (XYL2/xyl2Δ::FRT) strain (C. tropicalis K21D) showed 16% improvement in xylitol production compared to parental strain (C. tropicalis K2). Furthermore, 1.5-fold improvement (88.62 g/L to 132 g/L) in xylitol production was achieved by C. tropicalis K21D after Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and one factor at a time (OFAT) applied for media component optimization. Finally, corncob hydrolysate was tested for xylitol production in biorefinery mode, which leads to the production of 32.6 g/L xylitol from hemicellulosic fraction, 32.0 g/L ethanol from cellulosic fraction and 13.0 g/L animal feed. Conclusions This work, for the first time, illustrates the potential of C. tropicalis K21D as a microbial cell factory for efficient production of xylitol and ethanol via an integrated biorefinery framework by utilising lignocellulosic biomass with minimum waste generation.
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- 2023
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3. Editorial: Endocrine organoids for modeling, drug development, and treatment of cancer and other diseases
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Vijaya Kumar Pidugu, Anil Mathew Tharappel, Sonam Kumari, and Kumar Sanjiv
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endocrine organoid models ,patient-derived organoids ,stem cells ,pituitary gland ,endometrium ,papillary thyroid cancer ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Published
- 2023
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4. Reprogramming of pancreatic adenocarcinoma immunosurveillance by a microbial probiotic siderophore
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Mehdi Chaib, Bilal B. Hafeez, Hassan Mandil, Deidre Daria, Ajeeth K. Pingili, Sonam Kumari, Mohammed Sikander, Vivek K. Kashyap, Guo-Yun Chen, Emmanuel Anning, Manish K. Tripathi, Sheema Khan, Stephen Behrman, Murali M. Yallapu, Meena Jaggi, Liza Makowski, and Subhash C. Chauhan
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The probiotic-derived siderophore, ferrichrome, enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves the efficacy of checkpoint immunotherapy in a model of pancreatic cancer by repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages to a immunostimulatory M1 phenotype.
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- 2022
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5. Setting up of an integrative center for the management of mild-moderate COVID-19
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Tanuja Manoj Nesari, Prasanth Dharmarajan, Arun Kumar Mahapatra, S Rajagopala, Manoj Nesari, Alka Kapoor, Deepak Bhati, Anil Kumar, Sonam Kumari, P S Arshathjyothi, and Aparna Dileep
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holistic approach ,hospital management ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Introduction: Besides the expansion of vaccine drive, the discovery of new strains of corona virus is creating havoc all around the world. Based on the pragmatic trial conducted, there is an increasing recognition that an effective integrated holistic approach is urgently needed to combat the COVID pandemic. During an infectious outbreak, a health-care unit is anticipated to function as a high-level isolation unit. Herein, we describe the execution plan, experiences, observations, and challenges that were encountered during the establishment and functioning of COVID Health-Care Ward at All India Institute of Ayurveda. Methodology: Since the situation was novel, standard operative procedures and protocols were developed accordingly. Strategic plans carried out in infrastructure, biomedical waste management, surveillance, and observations were compiled directly from the hospital administration. Results: Till date when the 29th team has completed the duty rotation, about 600 COVID mild-to-moderate positive cases have been successfully managed. Zero incidence of nosocomial COVID transmission or death has been reported so far. The recovery speed of patients was found to be remarkably faster at COVID Health Center-AIIA as compared to all other hospitals of the state and a significant number of patients were recovered with the use of Ayurvedic medications alone. On follow-up, only a limited number of patients (two patients) turned up with mild severity of post-COVID complications. Mild respiratory discomfort was noted in these patients for a period of 2 months. The score for Anxiety Depression Scale of among patients and health-care workers reduced significantly. Conclusion: Indigenous system of medicines is comparatively less explored in pandemic times. Here, a tertiary care hospital has upgraded to integrative health-care model in the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases.
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- 2022
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6. Ayurvedic management of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 along with chronic diabetes mellitus: A case study
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Tanuja Manoj Nesari, R Galib, Prashanth Dharmarajan, Shalini Rai, Sonam Kumari, Sweta Rathuri, P S Arshath Jyothi, Aparna Dileep, Deenadayal Devarajan, and Anshu Sharma
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acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ayurveda ,covid-19 ,sars-cov-2 ,traditional medicine ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, a global pandemic that caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, even in the second wave. Multiple factors influence the disease burden including the vicious circulating virus characteristics, complications, limitations of the existing medicine, aggravation of the disease, and comorbidities in older people. In the present scenario, effective traditional treatment modalities should be scientifically applied to reduce massive disasters. Objectives: Here is the necessity to develop an appropriate treatment protocol from the field of Ayurvedic medicine. Diagnosis: It is a case study of a confirmed case of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with uncontrolled diabetic history. Significant Clinical Findings: Presented intermittent fever, cough, headache, and dyspnea, along with symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus. Interventions: The case was successfully managed with Ama pachana (~carminative), Agnideepana (digestive), Jwara hara Oushdha, and simultaneously Prameha (~diabetes mellitus). Outcomes: The entire treatment course competed with a minimum number of hospitals stay compared with the national average. Ayurvedic management has a significant positive impact on the mental and physical quality of life. Both physical and mental scores got improved by more than 50% in this case. Marked radiological improvement noted, in this case, is associated with excellent quality of life after treatment. Conclusion: Ayurvedic management can be used in multiple levels preventive, curative, and restorative aspects.
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- 2021
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7. Unmasking of CgYor1-Dependent Azole Resistance Mediated by Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and Calcineurin Signaling in Candida glabrata
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Sonam Kumari, Mohit Kumar, Brooke D. Esquivel, Mohd Wasi, Ajay Kumar Pandey, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Alok K. Mondal, Theodore C. White, Rajendra Prasad, and Naseem A. Gaur
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ABC transporters ,azole drug resistance ,calcineurin ,Candida glabrata ,TOR pathway ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, 18 predicted membrane-localized ABC transporters of Candida glabrata were deleted individually to create a minilibrary of knockouts (KO). The transporter KOs were analyzed for their susceptibility toward antimycotic drugs. Although CgYOR1 has previously been reported to be upregulated in various azole-resistant clinical isolates of C. glabrata, deletion of this gene did not change the susceptibility to any of the tested azoles. Additionally, Cgyor1Δ showed no change in susceptibility toward oligomycin, which is otherwise a well-known substrate of Yor1 in other yeasts. The role of CgYor1 in azole susceptibility only became evident when the major transporter CgCDR1 gene was deleted. However, under nitrogen-depleted conditions, Cgyor1Δ demonstrated an azole-susceptible phenotype, independent of CgCdr1. Notably, Cgyor1Δ cells also showed increased susceptibility to target of rapamycin (TOR) and calcineurin inhibitors. Moreover, increased phytoceramide levels in Cgyor1Δ and the deletions of regulators downstream of TOR and the calcineurin signaling cascade (Cgypk1Δ, Cgypk2Δ, Cgckb1Δ, and Cgckb2Δ) in the Cgyor1Δ background and their associated fluconazole (FLC) susceptibility phenotypes confirmed their involvement. Collectively, our findings show that TOR and calcineurin signaling govern CgYor1-mediated azole susceptibility in C. glabrata. IMPORTANCE The increasing incidence of Candida glabrata infections in the last 40 years is a serious concern worldwide. These infections are usually associated with intrinsic azole resistance and increasing echinocandin resistance. Efflux pumps, especially ABC transporter upregulation, are one of the prominent mechanisms of azole resistance; however, only a few of them are characterized. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of azole resistance due to a multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily ABC transporter, CgYor1. We demonstrate for the first time that CgYor1 does not transport oligomycin but is involved in azole resistance. Under normal growing conditions its function is masked by major transporter CgCdr1; however, under nitrogen-depleted conditions, it displays its azole resistance function independently. Moreover, we propose that the azole susceptibility due to removal of CgYor1 is not due to its transport function but involves modulation of TOR and calcineurin cascades.
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- 2022
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8. Evaluation of divergent yeast genera for fermentation-associated stresses and identification of a robust sugarcane distillery waste isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae NGY10 for lignocellulosic ethanol production in SHF and SSF
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Ajay Kumar Pandey, Mohit Kumar, Sonam Kumari, Priya Kumari, Farnaz Yusuf, Shaik Jakeer, Sumera Naz, Piyush Chandna, Ishita Bhatnagar, and Naseem A. Gaur
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Thermo-tolerance ,Inhibitors ,SHF ,SSF ,Fermentation ,Ethanol ,Fuel ,TP315-360 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract Background Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain a mixture of hexose (C6)/pentose (C5) sugars and pretreatment-generated inhibitors (furans, weak acids and phenolics). Therefore, robust yeast isolates with characteristics of C6/C5 fermentation and tolerance to pretreatment-derived inhibitors are pre-requisite for efficient lignocellulosic material based biorefineries. Moreover, use of thermotolerant yeast isolates will further reduce cooling cost, contamination during fermentation, and required for developing simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF), and consolidated bio-processing (CBP) strategies. Results In this study, we evaluated thirty-five yeast isolates (belonging to six genera including Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida, Scheffersomyces, Ogatea and Wickerhamomyces) for pretreatment-generated inhibitors {furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and acetic acid} and thermotolerant phenotypes along with the fermentation performances at 40 °C. Among them, a sugarcane distillery waste isolate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NGY10 produced maximum 49.77 ± 0.34 g/l and 46.81 ± 21.98 g/l ethanol with the efficiency of 97.39% and 93.54% at 30 °C and 40 °C, respectively, in 24 h using glucose as a carbon source. Furthermore, isolate NGY10 produced 12.25 ± 0.09 g/l and 7.18 ± 0.14 g/l of ethanol with 92.81% and 91.58% efficiency via SHF, and 30.22 g/l and 25.77 g/l ethanol with 86.43% and 73.29% efficiency via SSF using acid- and alkali-pretreated rice straw as carbon sources, respectively, at 40 °C. In addition, isolate NGY10 also produced 92.31 ± 3.39 g/l (11.7% v/v) and 33.66 ± 1.04 g/l (4.26% v/v) ethanol at 40 °C with the yields of 81.49% and 73.87% in the presence of 30% w/v glucose or 4× concentrated acid-pretreated rice straw hydrolysate, respectively. Moreover, isolate NGY10 displayed furfural- (1.5 g/l), 5-HMF (3.0 g/l), acetic acid- (0.2% v/v) and ethanol-(10.0% v/v) tolerant phenotypes. Conclusion A sugarcane distillery waste isolate NGY10 demonstrated high potential for ethanol production, C5 metabolic engineering and developing strategies for SSF, SScF and CBP.
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- 2019
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9. Therapeutic efficacy of a novel βIII/βIV-tubulin inhibitor (VERU-111) in pancreatic cancer
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Vivek K. Kashyap, Qinghui Wang, Saini Setua, Prashanth K. B. Nagesh, Neeraj Chauhan, Sonam Kumari, Pallabita Chowdhury, Duane D. Miller, Murali M. Yallapu, Wei Li, Meena Jaggi, Bilal Bin Hafeez, and Subhash C. Chauhan
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VERU-111 ,Pancreatic cancer ,β –tubulins ,miR-200c ,βIII/βIV-tubulin inhibitor ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background The management of pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is exceptionally difficult due to poor response to available therapeutic modalities. Tubulins play a major role in cell dynamics, thus are important molecular targets for cancer therapy. Among various tubulins, βIII and βIV-tubulin isoforms have been primarily implicated in PanCa progression, metastasis and chemo-resistance. However, specific inhibitors of these isoforms that have potent anti-cancer activity with low toxicity are not readily available. Methods We determined anti-cancer molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of a novel small molecule inhibitor (VERU-111) using in vitro (MTS, wound healing, Boyden chamber and real-time xCELLigence assays) and in vivo (xenograft studies) models of PanCa. The effects of VERU-111 treatment on the expression of β-tubulin isoforms, apoptosis, cancer markers and microRNAs were determined by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), confocal microscopy, qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses. Results We have identified a novel small molecule inhibitor (VERU-111), which preferentially represses clinically important, βIII and βIV tubulin isoforms via restoring the expression of miR-200c. As a result, VERU-111 efficiently inhibited tumorigenic and metastatic characteristics of PanCa cells. VERU-111 arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in PanCa cell lines via modulation of cell cycle regulatory (Cdc2, Cdc25c, and Cyclin B1) and apoptosis - associated (Bax, Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl) proteins. VERU-111 treatment also inhibited tumor growth (P
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- 2019
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10. Inositol Phosphoryl Transferase, Ipt1, Is a Critical Determinant of Azole Resistance and Virulence Phenotypes in Candida glabrata
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Garima Shahi, Mohit Kumar, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Atanu Banerjee, Parijat Sarkar, Sonam Kumari, Brooke D. Esquivel, Neeraj Chauhan, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Theodore C. White, Naseem A. Gaur, Ashutosh Singh, and Rajendra Prasad
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Candida glabrata ,sphingolipids ,inositolphosphorylceramide ,lipidomics ,drug resistance ,virulence ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In this study, we have specifically blocked a key step of sphingolipid (SL) biosynthesis in Candida glabrata by disruption of the orthologs of ScIpt1 and ScSkn1. Based on their close homology with S. cerevisiae counterparts, the proteins are predicted to catalyze the addition of a phosphorylinositol group onto mannosyl inositolphosphoryl ceramide (MIPC) to form mannosyl diinositolphosphoryl ceramide (M(IP)2C), which accounts for the majority of complex SL structures in S. cerevisiae membranes. High throughput lipidome analysis confirmed the accumulation of MIPC structures in ΔCgipt1 and ΔCgskn1 cells, albeit to lesser extent in the latter. Noticeably, ΔCgipt1 cells showed an increased susceptibility to azoles; however, ΔCgskn1 cells showed no significant changes in the drug susceptibility profiles. Interestingly, the azole susceptible phenotype of ΔCgipt1 cells seems to be independent of the ergosterol content. ΔCgipt1 cells displayed altered lipid homeostasis, increased membrane fluidity as well as high diffusion of radiolabeled fluconazole (3H-FLC), which could together influence the azole susceptibility of C. glabrata. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also confirmed compromised virulence of the ΔCgipt1 strain. Contrarily, specific functions of CgSkn1 remain unclear.
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- 2022
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11. Steviol Represses Glucose Metabolism and Translation Initiation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
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Sonam Kumari, Mohammed Sikander, Shabnam Malik, Manish K. Tripathi, Bilal B. Hafeez, Murali M. Yallapu, Subhash C. Chauhan, Sheema Khan, and Meena Jaggi
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steviol ,pancreatic cancer ,glucose metabolism ,translation initiation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer cells are highly metabolically active and typically reprogrammed for aberrant glucose metabolism; thus they respond poorly to therapeutic modalities. It is highly imperative to understand mechanisms that are responsible for high glucose metabolism and identify natural/synthetic agents that can repress glucose metabolic machinery in pancreatic cancer cells, to improve the therapeutic outcomes/management of pancreatic cancer patients. We have identified a glycoside, steviol that effectively represses glucose consumption in pancreatic cancer cells via the inhibition of the translation initiation machinery of the molecular components. Herein, we report that steviol effectively inhibits the glucose uptake and lactate production in pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1 and HPAF-II). The growth, colonization, and invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells were also determined by in vitro functional assay. Steviol treatment also inhibited the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1/M phase. The metabolic shift by steviol was mediated through the repression of the phosphorylation of mTOR and translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1, eIF4e, eIF4B, and eIF4G). Overall, the results of this study suggest that steviol can effectively suppress the glucose metabolism and translation initiation in pancreatic cancer cells to mitigate their aggressiveness. This study might help in the design of newer combination therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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- 2021
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12. Artemisinin Binds and Inhibits the Activity of Plasmodium falciparum Ddi1, a Retroviral Aspartyl Protease
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Noah Machuki Onchieku, Sonam Kumari, Rajan Pandey, Vaibhav Sharma, Mohit Kumar, Arunaditya Deshmukh, Inderjeet Kaur, Asif Mohmmed, Dinesh Gupta, Daniel Kiboi, Naseem Gaur, and Pawan Malhotra
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artemisinin ,Plasmodium falciparum ,DNA damage ,Ddi1 ,ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ,enzyme inhibition ,Medicine - Abstract
Reduced sensitivity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) threatens the global efforts towards eliminating malaria. ARTs have been shown to cause ubiquitous cellular and genetic insults, which results in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. The UPR restores protein homeostasis, which otherwise would be toxic to cellular survival. Here, we interrogated the role of DNA-damage inducible protein 1 (PfDdi1), a unique proteasome-interacting retropepsin in mediating the actions of the ARTs. We demonstrate that PfDdi1 is an active A2 family protease that hydrolyzes ubiquitinated proteasome substrates. Treatment of P. falciparum parasites with ARTs leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the parasites and blocks the destruction of ubiquitinated proteins by inhibiting the PfDdi1 protease activity. Besides, whereas the PfDdi1 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, exposure of the parasites to ARTs leads to DNA fragmentation and increased recruitment of the PfDdi1 into the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that Ddi1 knock-out Saccharomycescerevisiae cells are more susceptible to ARTs and the PfDdI1 protein robustly restores the corresponding functions in the knock-out cells. Together, these results show that ARTs act in multiple ways; by inducing DNA and protein damage and might be impairing the damage recovery by inhibiting the activity of PfDdi1, an essential ubiquitin-proteasome retropepsin.
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- 2021
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13. Blood transfusion practices in a tertiary care center in Northern India
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Sonam Kumari
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cross-match to transfusion ratio ,hospital transfusion committee ,nonusage probability ,request ,utilization ,Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion plays vital roles in the medical and surgical practice. To achieve optimum use of blood, transfusion has to be appropriate and judicious consuming minimal resources and manpower. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of blood transfusion requests and utilization with the aim of determining transfusion practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood request forms and cross-match worksheets at the blood bank were analyzed over a 6-month period. Numbers of requisitions, blood units cross-matched, issued out, transfused, and nontransfused were calculated. Nonusage probability (NUP) and the cross-match to transfusion ratio (CTR) for each clinical unit were computed. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred and sixty-eight units of blood were cross-matched for 1487 patient’s transfusion requests, out of which only 1455 (64.2%) were transfused giving a total CTR of 1.6 for the hospital. The CTR for the various clinical units were: Obstetrics and gynecology (O and G) 2.7, surgery 2.1, orthopedics 1.9, medicine 1.1, pediatrics 1, and oncology 1. CONCLUSIONS: The overall CTR (1.6) of the hospital was within the optimal range except for the O and G and surgery department which were having very high NUP and CTR indicating their suboptimal transfusion practices. Introducing revised transfusion guidelines, maximum surgical blood ordering schedule and type, screen, save, and abbreviated cross-match method can help toward adequate requisition and utilization of blood thereby reducing wastage of resources, time, and manpower.
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- 2017
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14. Reactive donor notification and counseling: Reveals concealed risk factors
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Sonam Kumari
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Blood donor ,counseling ,high-risk behaviors ,notification ,transfusion-transmitted infections ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background and Objective: In spite of newer sensitive screening techniques, blood transfusion is still associated with a small risk of transmitting infectious diseases. A very important and efficient method of curtailing transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is notifying and counseling the TTI reactive donors. Materials and Methods: Totally, 4281 donations were screened for TTI, namely, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis, by serology. All TTI reactive donors were retested and notified of their status by telephone or letter and called for repeat testing followed by face-to-face counseling and referral for treatment. Results: We evaluated 116 (2.7%) donors with reactive screening test results, i.e., 41 (1%) HBV, 61 (1.4%) HCV, 12 (0.3%) HIV, and 2 (0.05%) reactive for both HIV and HCV while none of donors were syphilis reactive. Only 35.34% (41) of donors responded to notification. The response from voluntary donors was comparatively less as compared to the replacement donors (34.6% vs. 41.7%). Around 22 (53.7%) of counseled reactive donors revealed history of high-risk behavior/factors which were not disclosed during donor registration and screening. Conclusion: In spite of strict donor screening and self-exclusion option, donors conceal their high-risk behaviors and continue to donate blood. It reflects the need to implement predonation counseling to extract the history of high-risk factors from the donors. Maintenance of privacy during donor screening, predonation education and counseling and postnotification counseling of reactive donors are recommended. National guidelines for notification of reactive donors need to be formulated.
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- 2017
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15. The Molecular Landscape of Hürthle Cell Thyroid Cancer Is Associated with Altered Mitochondrial Function—A Comprehensive Review
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Sonam Kumari, Ruth Adewale, and Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
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mitochondria ,metabolism ,Hürthle cell ,oxidative phosphorylation ,thyroid cancer ,oncogenes ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HTC) accounts for 3–5% of all thyroid malignancies. Widely invasive HTC is characterized by poor prognosis and limited responsiveness to standard therapy with radioiodine. The molecular landscape of HTC is significantly different from the genetic signature seen in other forms of thyroid cancer. We performed a comprehensive literature review on the association between the molecular features of HTC and cancer metabolism. We searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Medline databases for clinical and translational studies published between 1980 and 2020 in English, coupling “HTC” with the following keywords: “genomic analysis”, “mutations”, “exome sequencing”, “molecular”, “mitochondria”, “metabolism”, “oxidative phosphorylation”, “glycolysis”, “oxidative stress”, “reactive oxygen species”, and “oncogenes”. HTC is characterized by frequent complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations as early clonal events. This genetic signature is associated with the abundance of malfunctioning mitochondria in cancer cells. HTC relies predominantly on aerobic glycolysis as a source of energy production, as oxidative phosphorylation-related genes are downregulated. The enhanced glucose utilization by HTC is used for diagnostic purposes in the clinical setting for the detection of metastases by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FGD-PET/CT) imaging. A comprehensive metabolomic profiling of HTC in association with its molecular landscape might be necessary for the implementation of tumor-specific therapeutic approaches.
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- 2020
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16. Novel Mechanistic Insight into the Anticancer Activity of Cucurbitacin D against Pancreatic Cancer (Cuc D Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer)
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Mohammed Sikander, Shabnam Malik, Sheema Khan, Sonam Kumari, Neeraj Chauhan, Parvez Khan, Fathi T. Halaweish, Bhavin Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu, Meena Jaggi, and Subhash C. Chauhan
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pancreatic cancer ,cucurbitacin d ,mucin ,mir-145 and muc13 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the United States. The current standard treatment for pancreatic cancer is gemcitabine, but its success is poor due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural products have been widely investigated as potential candidates in cancer therapies, and cucurbitacin D (Cuc D) has shown excellent anticancer properties in various models. However, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Cuc D in PanCa. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the Cuc D on PanCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Cuc D inhibited the viability of PanCa cells in a dose and time dependent manner, as evident by MTS assays. Furthermore, Cuc D treatment suppressed the colony formation, arrest cell cycle, and decreased the invasion and migration of PanCa cells. Notably, our findings suggest that mucin 13 (MUC13) is down-regulated upon Cuc D treatment, as demonstrated by Western blot and qPCR analyses. Furthermore, we report that the treatment with Cuc D restores miR-145 expression in PanCa cells/tissues. Cuc D treatment suppresses the proliferation of gemcitabine resistant PanCa cells and inhibits RRM1/2 expression. Treatment with Cuc D effectively inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors. Taken together, Cuc D could be utilized as a novel therapeutic agents for the treatment/sensitization of PanCa.
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- 2019
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17. Gemcitabine Combination Nano Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer
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Kamalika Samanta, Saini Setua, Sonam Kumari, Meena Jaggi, Murali M. Yallapu, and Subhash C. Chauhan
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gemcitabine ,chemotherapy ,nanoparticles ,drug resistance ,combination therapy ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest causes of cancer-related death in the United States, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 6 to 8%. These statistics suggest that immediate medical attention is needed. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the gold standard first-line single chemotherapy agent for pancreatic cancer but, after a few months, cells develop chemoresistance. Multiple clinical and experimental investigations have demonstrated that a combination or co-administration of other drugs as chemotherapies with GEM lead to superior therapeutic benefits. However, such combination therapies often induce severe systemic toxicities. Thus, developing strategies to deliver a combination of chemotherapeutic agents more securely to patients is needed. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery can offer to load a cocktail of drugs, increase stability and availability, on-demand and tumor-specific delivery while minimizing chemotherapy-associated adverse effects. This review discusses the available drugs being co-administered with GEM and the limitations associated during the process of co-administration. This review also helps in providing knowledge of the significant number of delivery platforms being used to overcome problems related to gemcitabine-based co-delivery of other chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby focusing on how nanocarriers have been fabricated, considering the modes of action, targeting receptors, pharmacology of chemo drugs incorporated with GEM, and the differences in the physiological environment where the targeting is to be done. This review also documents the focus on novel mucin-targeted nanotechnology which is under development for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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- 2019
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18. ABC transportome inventory of human pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata: Phylogenetic and expression analysis.
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Sonam Kumari, Mohit Kumar, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Priya Kumari, Mahendra Varma, Poonam Vishwakarma, Garima Shahi, Suman Sharma, Andrew M Lynn, Rajendra Prasad, and Naseem A Gaur
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is one of the two major superfamilies of transporters present across the evolutionary scale. ABC superfamily members came to prominence due to their ability to extrude broad spectrum of substrates and to confer multi drug resistance (MDR). Overexpression of some ABC transporters in clinical isolates of Candida species was attributed to the development of MDR phenotypes. Among Candida species, Candida glabrata is an emerging drug resistant species in human fungal infections. A comprehensive analysis of such proteins in C. glabrata is required to untangle their role not only in MDR but also in other biological processes. Bioinformatic analysis of proteins encoded by genome of human pathogenic yeast C. glabrata identified 25 putative ABC protein coding genes. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, domain organization and nomenclature adopted by the Human Genome Organization (HUGO) scheme, these proteins were categorized into six subfamilies such as Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR)/ABCG, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR)/ABCB, Multi Drug Resistance associated Protein (MRP)/ABCC, Adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDp)/ABCD, RNase L Inhibitor (RLI)/ABCE and Elongation Factor 3 (EF3)/ABCF. Among these, only 18 ABC proteins contained transmembrane domains (TMDs) and were grouped as membrane proteins, predominantly belonging to PDR, MDR, MRP, and ALDp subfamilies. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of these ABC proteins with other yeast species revealed their orthologous relationship and pointed towards their conserved functions. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of putative membrane localized ABC protein encoding genes of C. glabrata confirmed their basal expression and showed variable transcriptional response towards antimycotic drugs. This study presents first comprehensive overview of ABC superfamily proteins of a human fungal pathogen C. glabrata, which is expected to provide an important platform for in depth analysis of their physiological relevance in cellular processes and drug resistance.
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- 2018
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19. Prevalence of acute adverse reactions among whole blood donors: A 7 years study
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Sonam Kumari
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Adverse reactions ,blood donations ,blood donors ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background: Donor reaction has the most negative impact on the blood donor return rate. Amelioration of some adverse events has the potential to improve return rate. This study was initiated with the aim to determine the frequency of various adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 7 years and 1 month, from July 1, 2007, to August 31, 2014. The donor population analyzed consisted of 27,664 donors (26,557 males and 1107 females). Results: Only 195 donors (0.7%) suffered some adverse reactions. One hundred and fifty-eight (0.57% of the subjects) had mild reactions (agitation, sweating, giddiness, pallor, cold feeling, sense of weakness, nausea), and only 37 (0.13% with 10 females and 27 males) had more severe reactions (including vomiting, fainting, loss of consciousness, and convulsive syncope). Conclusions: Although the number of donors who developed adverse reactions during or immediately after the blood donation was very low, still it is very important to reduce risks to a minimum so that donor return rate could be maintained.
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- 2015
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20. Cucurbitacin D Reprograms Glucose Metabolic Network in Prostate Cancer
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Mohammed Sikander, Shabnam Malik, Neeraj Chauhan, Parvez Khan, Sonam Kumari, Vivek Kumar Kashyap, Sheema Khan, Aditya Ganju, Fathi T. Halaweish, Murali M. Yallapu, Meena Jaggi, and Subhash C. Chauhan
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cucurbitacin D ,PrCa ,miRNAs and glucose metabolism ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) metastasis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity among men. Metastatic PrCa cells are typically adopted for aberrant glucose metabolism. Thus, chemophores that reprogram altered glucose metabolic machinery in cancer cells can be useful agent for the repression of PrCa metastasis. Herein, we report that cucurbitacin D (Cuc D) effectively inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production in metastatic PrCa cells via modulating glucose metabolism. This metabolic shift by Cuc D was correlated with decreased expression of GLUT1 by its direct binding as suggested by its proficient molecular docking (binding energy −8.5 kcal/mol). Cuc D treatment also altered the expression of key oncogenic proteins and miR-132 that are known to be involved in glucose metabolism. Cuc D (0.1 to 1 µM) treatment inhibited tumorigenic and metastatic potential of human PrCa cells via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Cuc D treatment also showed inhibition of tumor growth in PrCa xenograft mouse model with concomitant decrease in the expression of GLUT1, PCNA and restoration of miR-132. These results suggest that Cuc D is a novel modulator of glucose metabolism and could be a promising therapeutic modality for the attenuation of PrCa metastasis.
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- 2019
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21. Machine Learning-Based Temperature Monitoring and Prediction.
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Sonam Kumari Bharti, Priyadarshi Anand, and Shradha Kishore
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- 2023
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22. Cotton Crop Certainty Identification Using Deep Learning Techniques.
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Supriti Maji, Vura KSMSC Vinay, Sonam Kumari, Vardhman Banthia, and Vikram Neerugatti
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- 2023
- Full Text
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23. Machine Learning-Based Temperature Monitoring and Prediction
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Bharti, Sonam Kumari, Anand, Priyadarshi, Kishore, Shradha, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Mayank, editor, Tyagi, Vipin, editor, Gupta, P.K., editor, Flusser, Jan, editor, and Ören, Tuncer, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. Secure One-time Password Generation using Shamir's Secret Sharing
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-, Uday Jain, primary, -, Sanya Bahl, additional, -, Sonam Kumari, additional, -, Naman Aggarwal, additional, -, Dharmender Saini, additional, and -, Nitasha Rathore, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Nano Ca–Mg–Zn ferrites as tuneable photocatalyst for UV light-induced degradation of rhodamine B dye and antimicrobial behavior for water purification
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Sonam Kumari, Neetu Dhanda, Atul Thakur, Vaishali Gupta, Satyendra Singh, Rakesh Kumar, Saif Hameed, and Preeti Thakur
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Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
26. A detailed structural analysis, morphological and optical study of Mg-Zn nano ferrite
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Sonam Kumari, Preeti Thakur, Satyendra Singh, and Atul Thakur
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
27. Comparative study of recyclable chemically modified citrus fruit peel (bio-adsorbents) for removal of Cadmium ion for aqueous solution
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Arun Kumar Tripathi, Manmohan Singh Chauhan, Nitesh Singh Rajput, Sonam Kumari, and Narendra Pal Lamba
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Chemistry ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biochemistry ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
We have developed kinnow peel based bio-adsorbent for removal of cadmium from waste water. We have also developed recyclable bio-adsorbent. We recycled it up to 5 cycles. We also used various parameters for test of cadmium removal ability of bio-adsorbent like optimizing of pH, temperature of solution, dosage of adsorbent, contact time and solid-liquid ratio.
- Published
- 2022
28. Neuro‐fuzzy interface and mathematical modeling of rehydration kinetics and dynamic vapor sorption behavior of novel no‐cooking rice
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Sonam Kumari, Sourav Chakraborty, Arun Kumar Choudhary, Arpita Boiragi, Olympica Das, and Manuj Kumar Hazarika
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General Chemical Engineering ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
29. Biophysical Characterization and Interaction study of WhiB6 Protein ofMycobacterium tuberculosiswith Nucleic Acid
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Sonam Kumari, Ruchi Singh, null Teena, Soumik Siddhanta, and Shashank Deep
- Abstract
Tuberculosis is an intractable disease because of the peculiar nature of the virulent properties ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. The WhiB6 protein, a transcriptional regulator, plays a crucial role in the virulence systems ofMtb. It regulates the expression of genes essential for the virulence pathways by binding to their promoter region;espAis one such gene. Herein, we have used biophysical methods, including steady-state intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to understand the interaction of WhiB6 protein withespApromoter DNA. For the first time, we report the conformational details and biophysical parameters related to the WhiB6-espApromoter DNA interaction. WhiB6 binds the DNA with moderate affinity, as revealed by ITC. CD and SERS studies suggest subtle perturbation in the secondary conformation of the protein on binding to the DNA. SERS provided detailed structural insights into the WhiB6 protein and the amino acids involved in the interaction, which could be harnessed to find suitable inhibitors of the protein-DNA interaction. Preventing the binding of WhiB6 with promoter DNA of the virulence genes can hinder the functioning ofMtband hence can act as an effective therapeutic intervention for tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2023
30. ZnO nanoparticles: A promosing greener catalytic approach for synthesis of bioactive heterocycles
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Sonam Kumari, Renu Sharma, and Ruchi Bharti
- Published
- 2023
31. Integration of acid pre-treated paddy straw hydrolysate to molasses as a diluent enhances ethanol production using a robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae NGY10 strain
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Ajay Kumar Pandey, Mohit Kumar, Sonam Kumari, and Naseem A. Gaur
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment - Published
- 2022
32. Knowledge, Social Contact, Social Distance Practices and Attitude towards LGBT Community: A Cross-Sectional Study from Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh.
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Rawat, Sonam Kumari and Kharwar, Shubham
- Abstract
The increased awareness towards sexual orientation and non-normative sexualities may affect LGBT individuals' lives in two directions; it may reduce prejudice among the general population; on the other side, it may increase the probability of prejudices because of different sexual orientations or out-group bias. The increasing cases of depression, anxiety, suicide, and suicide attempts among LGBT individuals in comparison to the general population makes it important to investigate antecedents of prejudice towards them. The present study aims to explore the relationship between knowledge, social contact, social distance practices, and attitudes toward the LGBT community among the general population. Cross-sectional data were collected from 208 participants (Male-59.1%, Female-40.9%) within the age range of 18-64 years (M = 25.4, SD = 4.17) employing the convenience sampling method from Raebareli. The Data were subjected to descriptive, correlational and regression analysis. The findings indicate that the knowledge about and attitude toward the LGBT community are significantly associated with all contact and distance practices toward the LGBT community. The findings of the study may help in developing tailor-made interventions based on increasing social contact and enhancing knowledge about the different sexual orientations to reduce the targeted prejudice towards the LGBT community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
33. Sentimental Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques
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Sonam Kumari and Jayakumar. v
- Published
- 2022
34. Contribution of Islamic Banking in India
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Gupta, Sonam Kumari
- Published
- 2015
35. Influence of Ni over magnetically benign Co ferrite system and study of its structural, optical, and magnetic behaviour
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Neetu Dhanda, Sonam Kumari, Rakesh Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, An-Cheng Aidan Sun, Preeti Thakur, and Atul Thakur
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Published
- 2023
36. Abstract 3946: Radiolabeled αvβ3 analog 177Lu-EB-RGD is an effective therapeutic agent in thyroid cancer xenograft mouse model
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Sonam Kumari, Zhantong Wang, Shilpa Thakur, Laura Abaandou, Oksana Gavrilova, Huiyan Lu, Lixin Lang, Dale Kiesewetter, Vasyl Vasko, and Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Background: Integrins are cell adhesion receptors consisting of 18α and 8β subunits. A subset of integrins (αvβ3) recognizes Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide motifs which are involved in the neovascularization and progression of various cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate if αvβ3 can serve as a molecular target for the treatment of thyroid cancer (TC) with a novel radiolabeled RGD analog 177Lu-EB-RGD. Methods: Integrin αvβ3 mRNA and/or protein expression was evaluated in 496 TC included in The Cancer Genome Atlas, tissue microarray including 70 TC and 10 normal thyroid samples, and 14 TC cell lines. BRAF-like or RAS-like expression profile was determined through standard BRS scores ranging from -1 to 0 for BRAF-like and 0 to 1 for RAS-like TC. The association between BRS and the αvβ3 expression was tested by the Spearman correlation (r). Nude mice xenografts developing αvβ3 expressing TC after subcutaneous injection of 5*10^6 TC cells were subjected to monotherapy with 0.5 mCi 177Lu-EB-RGD (177Lu) or in combination with Lenvatinib (177Lu+L). The therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-EB-RGD was compared with standard-of-care Lenvatinib alone (L) and placebo (P). The continuous data were presented as medians with [25-75% interquartile ranges] and compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. The mixed-effects models were used for longitudinal data analysis with adjusted p≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: We found a moderate negative correlation between BRS and αv (r=-0.5, p Conclusions: The radiolabeled αvβ3 analog 177Lu-EB-RGD has potent growth inhibitory effects in TC characterized by a high integrins expression. The αvβ3 integrin could potentially serve as a molecular target for therapy with radiolabeled RGD analogs in TC. Citation Format: Sonam Kumari, Zhantong Wang, Shilpa Thakur, Laura Abaandou, Oksana Gavrilova, Huiyan Lu, Lixin Lang, Dale Kiesewetter, Vasyl Vasko, Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska. Radiolabeled αvβ3 analog 177Lu-EB-RGD is an effective therapeutic agent in thyroid cancer xenograft mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3946.
- Published
- 2023
37. Effect of Cow and Goat Urine against Dominant Myco-Toxin Producing Fungi
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Sonam Kumari Shrvan Kumar and Vishal Srivashtav Pardeep Kumar
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Toxin ,medicine ,Urine ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology - Published
- 2021
38. Silver Nanoparticle Incorporated Flaxseed Protein-Alginate Composite Films: Effect on Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties
- Author
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Mudasir Ahmad Malik, Sonam Kumari, Ashwani Kumar, and Kshirod K. Dash
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Silver nanoparticle ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Materials Chemistry ,Thermal stability ,0204 chemical engineering ,Solubility ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity - Abstract
In the present study, flaxseed protein-alginate films were prepared with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and were evaluated for the physicochemical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. The presence of AgNPs in the protein-alginate films significantly affected the properties of films. Film thickness and moisture content increased proportionally with an increase in the concentration of AgNPs; however, the solubility was decreased. A decrease in L* value and an increase in a* and b* values, along with an increase in total color change was observed with the addition of AgNPs. The mechanical properties of films were improved with the addition of AgNPs, as indicated by the results of tensile strength and percentage elongation. Water vapor permeability was reduced, which showed the improvement in barrier properties of films. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis results indicated improvement in the thermal stability of AgNPs incorporated flaxseed-alginate films. The study on the influence of AgNPs on bacterial inactivation showed that, compared to the control film, all films integrated with silver nanoparticles had strong antibacterial action. The inhibition zones obtained at various AgNP concentrations revealed that the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria was greater than that of Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Therefore, silver nanoparticles incorporated flaxseed protein-alginate films have the potential to be used as an antimicrobial food packaging film.
- Published
- 2021
39. Investigation of calcium substitution on magnetic and dielectric properties of Mg–Zn nano ferrites
- Author
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Sonam Kumari, Neetu Dhanda, Atul Thakur, Satyendra Singh, and Preeti Thakur
- Subjects
General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2023
40. Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer
- Author
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Sonam Kumari
- Subjects
business.industry ,Pancreatic cancer ,Metabolic reprogramming ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Cancer biology ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2022
41. Protonophore FCCP provides fitness advantage to PDR-deficient yeast cells
- Author
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Svyatoslav S. Sokolov, Fedor F. Severin, Sonam Kumari, Dmitry A. Knorre, Joseph M Finkelberg, Atanu Banerjee, Rajendra Prasad, Kseniia V. Galkina, Aglaia V. Azbarova, and Olga V. Markova
- Subjects
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone ,0301 basic medicine ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ,biology ,Physiology ,Protonophore ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Wild type ,Biological Transport ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,eye diseases ,Yeast ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Efflux ,Electrochemical gradient ,Xenobiotic - Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) plasma membrane transporters mediate xenobiotic efflux from the cells and thereby help pathogenic microorganisms to withstand antimicrobial therapies. Given that xenobiotic efflux is an energy-consuming process, cells with upregulated PDR can be sensitive to perturbations in cellular energetics. Protonophores dissipate proton gradient across the cellular membranes and thus increase ATP spendings to their maintenance. We hypothesised that chronic exposure of yeast cells to the protonophores can favour the selection of cells with inactive PDR. To test this, we measured growth rates of the wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PDR-deficient Δpdr1Δpdr3 strains in the presence of protonophores carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and niclosamide (NCA). Although the protonophore-induced respiration rates of these two strains were similar, the PDR-deficient strain outperformed the control one in the growth rate on non-fermentable carbon source supplemented with low concentrations of FCCP. Thus, active PDR can be deleterious under conditions of partially uncoupled oxidative-phosphorylation. Furthermore, our results suggest that tested anionic protonophores are poor substrates of PDR-transporters. At the same time, protonophores imparted azole tolerance to yeasts, pointing that they are potent PDR inducers. Interestingly, protonophore PCP led to a persistent increase in the levels of a major ABC-transporter Pdr5p, while azole clotrimazole induced only a temporary increase. Together, our data provides an insight into the effects of the protonophores in the eukaryotes at the cellular level and support the idea that cells with activated PDR can be selected out upon conditions of energy limitations.
- Published
- 2020
42. Secretome produced by a newly isolated Aspergillus flavus strain in engineered medium shows synergy for biomass saccharification with a commercial cellulase
- Author
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Naseem A. Gaur, Sonam Kumari, Ajay Kumar Pandey, Shahid Ali Wani, Shaik Jakeer, Mohit Kumar, Rajendra Prasad, and Rameshwar Tiwari
- Subjects
Ethanol ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Aspergillus flavus ,02 engineering and technology ,Cellulase ,010501 environmental sciences ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,biology.protein ,Fermentation ,Food science ,Response surface methodology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the saccharification potential of the secretome produced by a new elephant faeces isolate Aspergillus flavus (AF-NGF1), alone as well as in combination with a commercial enzyme (CTec2). Medium engineering (involving sequential Taguchi design, response surface methodology and one factor at a time approaches) enhanced the cellulase (FPase) secretion in the secretome of isolate AF-NGF1 (AF-S) by 3.89-folds. AF-S showed a maximum increase of 7.1- and 8.69-folds in exo-glucanase (avicellase) and endo-glucanase (CMCase) activities, respectively. Equal enzyme loading (20 FPU/g of biomass) of AF-S and CTec2 showed comparable saccharification potential with acid pre-treated paddy straw (APPS). However, a 1:1 combination of AF-S and CTec2 showed 67.84% and 37.21% increased saccharification of APPS as compared with AF-S or CTec2 alone at 50 °C and 40 °C, respectively. During simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 40 °C, a 1:1 combination produced > 2-folds increased ethanol titre as compared with AF-S or CTec2 alone. When equal FPU of AF-S and CTec2 were mixed for a total of 20 FPU, the degree of synergy (DOS) for APPS saccharification was 1.79 ± 0.06 and ~ 30.49% increased FPase activity was detected, which suggested the synergistic correlation between AF-S and CTec2. Therefore, the combination of AF-S and CTec2 could be considered as a potential cellulolytic enzyme formulation for efficient biomass hydrolysis and SSF process for lignocellulosic ethanol production.
- Published
- 2020
43. Evaluation of bioagents and chemicals for the management of root rot disease of bell pepper
- Author
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Amar Singh, Naiya Sharma, Dimple Rana, and Sonam Kumari
- Subjects
Fungicide ,Crop ,Horticulture ,biology ,Pepper ,Root rot ,Trichoderma harzianum ,Phytophthora ,biology.organism_classification ,Solanaceae ,Mycelium - Abstract
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) a member of Solanaceae family, commonly known as “Sweet pepper ” or “Capsicum ” or “Shimla mirch ” has attained a status of high value crop among vegetables in India because of its delicacy and pleasant flavor besides being rich in fatty acids, flavanoids, volatile oil and carotene. Out of total six bioagent tested under in vitro condition, Trichoderma harzianum (SMA-5) and Trichoderma sp. (AF2) were observed as potential bioagents which inhibited the mycelial growth upto 84.7 per cent. Studies on different methods of application of bioagent revealed that drenching was effective in controlling disease (61.1%). In vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that out of seven fungicides tested, Ridomil MZ and Moximate @ 100 μg/ml were highly fungitoxic as compare to other fungicides. Under pot experiments, Ridomil MZ and Moximate @ 0.25 per cent were found highly effective in managing root rot disease upto 64.7 and 59.0 per cent, respectively. Integrated application of Trichoderma sp. (PF2) with Ridomil MZ (1.75g/l) was found most effective in the management of Phytophthora root rot of bell pepper under polyhouse conditions.
- Published
- 2020
44. Complex sphingolipids: Vital determinants of drug susceptibility, membrane integrity and pathogenesis of Candida glabrata
- Author
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Garima Shahi, Mohit Kumar, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Parijat Sarkar, Sonam Kumari, Neeraj Chauhan, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Naseem A. Gaur, and Rajendra Prasad
- Subjects
General Materials Science - Abstract
Complex Sphingolipids (SLs) are unique to fungi, which apart from being novel drug targets, also appear to act as molecular signals, in diverse biological processes. In this study, we have specifically blocked the key synthesis step of SLs metabolism by disruption of the uncharacterized CgIPT1 gene, which based on homology with other Candida spp., predicted to mediate the conversion of MIPC to M(IP)2C. We followed fusion based PCR homologous recombination method for IPT1 deletion by using dominant markerNAT1. The knockout was selected on a nourseothricin drug plate and confirmed by gene specific PCR and by checking M(IP)2C levels. We observed that the specific accumulation of MIPC or lack of M(IP)2C in C. glabrata displayed increased susceptibility to both imidazole’s (ketoconazole, miconazole and clotrimazole) and triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole). RNA Sequencing of Cgipt1Δcells revealed no major impact on of expression levels of common MDR determinants albeit a distinct imbalances in expression of lipid homeostasis genes was evident. The Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments confirmed that plasma membrane in Cgipt1Δ cells display a reduction in micro-viscosity leading to increase in drug diffusion and susceptibility of Cgipt1Δcells. Interestingly, the Cgipt1Δ also exhibit attenuated virulence in a murine model. Together, our data confirms the relevance of M(IP)2C in governing drug susceptibility and virulence in C. glabrata.
- Published
- 2021
45. Steviol Represses Glucose Metabolism and Translation Initiation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
- Author
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Sheema Khan, Shabnam Malik, Murali M. Yallapu, Manish K. Tripathi, Sonam Kumari, Bilal Bin Hafeez, Meena Jaggi, Mohammed Sikander, and Subhash C. Chauhan
- Subjects
steviol ,pancreatic cancer ,glucose metabolism ,translation initiation ,EIF4G ,business.industry ,QH301-705.5 ,Glucose uptake ,EIF4E ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Steviol ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,medicine.disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Pancreatic cancer ,medicine ,Cancer research ,EIF4B ,Biology (General) ,business ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer cells are highly metabolically active and typically reprogrammed for aberrant glucose metabolism; thus they respond poorly to therapeutic modalities. It is highly imperative to understand mechanisms that are responsible for high glucose metabolism and identify natural/synthetic agents that can repress glucose metabolic machinery in pancreatic cancer cells, to improve the therapeutic outcomes/management of pancreatic cancer patients. We have identified a glycoside, steviol that effectively represses glucose consumption in pancreatic cancer cells via the inhibition of the translation initiation machinery of the molecular components. Herein, we report that steviol effectively inhibits the glucose uptake and lactate production in pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1 and HPAF-II). The growth, colonization, and invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells were also determined by in vitro functional assay. Steviol treatment also inhibited the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1/M phase. The metabolic shift by steviol was mediated through the repression of the phosphorylation of mTOR and translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1, eIF4e, eIF4B, and eIF4G). Overall, the results of this study suggest that steviol can effectively suppress the glucose metabolism and translation initiation in pancreatic cancer cells to mitigate their aggressiveness. This study might help in the design of newer combination therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2021
46. Revisiting salicylidene-based anion receptors
- Author
-
Shashank N. Mhaldar, Sonam Kumari, Sonal Mandrekar, Christoph Janiak, Sandeep Kumar Dey, and Sarvesh S. Harmalkar
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry ,Salicylaldehyde ,General Chemical Engineering ,Imine ,Halide ,Ammonium ,General Chemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,Tautomer ,Bond cleavage ,Ion - Abstract
Several salicylidene-based colorimetric and fluorimetric anion sensors are known in the literature. However, our 1H-NMR experimental results (in DMSO-d6) showed hydrolysis of imine (–NCH–) bonds in salicylidene-based receptors (SL, CL1 and CL2) in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts (n-Bu4N+) of halides (Cl− and Br−) and oxo-anions (H2PO4−, HSO4− and CH3COO−). The mono-salicylidene compound CL1 showed the most extensive –NCH– bond hydrolysis in the presence of anions. In contrast, the di-salicylidene compound CL2 and the tris-salicylidene compound SL showed comparatively slow hydrolysis of –NCH– bonds in the presence of anions. Anion-induced imine bond cleavage in salicylidene compounds could easily be detected in 1H-NMR due to the appearance of the salicylaldehyde –CHO peak at 10.3 ppm which eventually became more intense over time, and the –NCH– peak at 8.9–9.0 ppm became considerably weaker. Furthermore, the formation of the salicylidene O–H⋯X− (X− = Cl−/Br−) hydrogen-bonded complex, peak broadening due to proton-exchange processes and keto–enol tautomerism have also been clearly observed in the 1H-NMR experiments. Control 1H-NMR experiments revealed that the presence of moisture in the organic solvents could result in gradual hydrolysis of the salicylidene compounds, and the rate of hydrolysis has further been enhanced significantly in the presence of an anion. Based on 1H-NMR results, we have proposed a general mechanism for the anion-induced hydrolysis of imine bonds in salicylidene-based receptors.
- Published
- 2021
47. OR09-5 mTOR Signaling is Associated with Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiration in Thyroid Cancer
- Author
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Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Shilpa Thakur, and Sonam Kumari
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Abstract
Background Thyroid cancers (TC) are divided into BRAF-like and RAS-like tumors based on their molecular signature. The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is commonly activated in RAS-like tumors. Oncogene-driven signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular metabolism, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). There is inadequate information on the role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of TC metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between mTOR signaling and mitochondrial respiration in TC. Methods We conducted an in vitro study using 4 TC cell lines (2 BRAF-like, 2 RAS-like) characterized by variable activation of mTOR signaling pathway, as documented by immunoblotting to quantify a ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR. OXPHOS was measured through oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of TC cells by the Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test Assay. Standard MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. A specific mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) as well as an mTOR activator (leucine) were used for functional studies. The association between OCR and p-mTOR/mTOR was calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The one-way Anova or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for between group comparisons, as appropriate. P-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The baseline activation of mTOR signaling in TC cells correlated with baseline (r=0.75, p=0.04) and maximum OCR (r=0.91, p=0.01). In addition, the RAS-like cell lines with the highest activation of mTOR showed considerable response after inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin by inhibiting baseline OCR (FTC133: 6320 ± 1531 vs 3368 ± 651 pmol/min/mg, p=0.01; THJ29T: 4484 ± 514 vs 3067 ± 620 pmol/min/mg, p=0.047), while the TC cell lines with minimal baseline mTOR activation did not show change in mTOR phosphorylation status nor basal OCR after rapamycin treatment (TPC1: 1817 ± 201 vs 1974 ± 336 pmol/min/mg, p>0.99, BCPAP: 1051 ± 162 vs 1130 ± 228 pmol/min/mg, p>0.99). Treatment with rapamycin significantly reduced cell proliferation rates in all examined cells. On the other hand, treatment with the mTOR activator leucine increased both mTOR phosphorylation and basal OCR in TC cell lines characterized by minimal baseline mTOR activation (TPC1: 1778 ± 280 vs 2372 ± 249 pmol/min/mg, p=0.004, BCPAP: 1581 ± 603 vs 2064 ± 560 pmol/min/mg, p=0.04), but did not significantly increase OCR further in cell lines with high baseline mTOR activation and OXPHOS rate (FTC133: 4512 ± 683 vs 5355 ± 870 pmol/min/mg, p=0.27; THJ29T: 3881 ± 880 vs 4764 ± 1273 pmol/min/mg, p=0.14). Conclusion mTOR signaling is associated with the regulation of mitochondrial respiration as its inhibition decreases OXPHOS rate, while its activation results in increased mitochondrial respiration. The change in mitochondrial respiration might be one of the mechanisms of the growth inhibition caused by medications targeting mTOR signaling in TC. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 12:45 p.m.
- Published
- 2022
48. OR09-3 Integrins as Potential Molecular Targets in Thyroid Cancer Imaging and Therapy
- Author
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Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Sonam Kumari, Thakur Shilpa, Vasyl Vasko, and Zhantong Wang
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Abstract
Background Integrins are cell adhesion receptors consisting of 24 transmembrane heterodimers generated from a combination of 18α integrin and 8β integrin subunits. A subset of integrins consists of receptors recognizing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide motifs. One of the RGD-recognizing receptors is integrin αvβ3 that has been recently shown to play a role in neovascularization and progression of several cancers. Radiolabeled RGD analogs have emerged as potential imaging and therapeutic options in cancers characterized by a high expression of integrin αvβ3. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the expression of integrin αvβ3 in thyroid cancer (TC). Methods We analyzed the mRNA expression of integrin αvβ3 in 496 BRAF-like and RAS-like human TC tissue samples, including 65 paired samples of tumor vs normal tissue based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. We assessed the protein expression of integrin αvβ3 in 70 TC tissue samples and 10 normal thyroid tissues, as well as in 14 TC cell lines. BRAF-like or RAS-like tumor status was determined by BRS score based upon standard expression profiles ranging from -1 to 0 for BRAF-like cancer and 0 to 1 for RAS-like tumors. The association between BRS and αvβ3 expression was tested using the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). T-tests and paired T-tests were used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups as appropriate, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multiple group comparisons with an adjusted p-value of ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant. Results αv integrin subunit mRNA expression was significantly higher in TC than normal thyroid (log fold change 0.3, p=0.001), while the expression of the β3 subunit was similar between paired normal and malignant samples (log fold change -0.2, p=0.30). BRAF-like tumors were characterized by a higher mRNA expression of αvβ3 integrins as documented by a moderate negative correlation between BRS and αv (r=-0.5, p Conclusions TC is characterized by a differential expression of αvβ3 integrin, which is particularly high in the most common type of TC - BRAF-like papillary TC. The αvβ3 integrin could potentially serve as a molecular target for imaging and therapy with radiolabeled RGD analogs in TC. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 12:00 p.m. - 12:15 p.m.
- Published
- 2022
49. Improvement in pasting, thermal properties, and in vitro digestibility of isolated Amaranth starch ( Amaranthus cruentus L.) by addition of almond gum and gum ghatti powder
- Author
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Arun Kumar Gupta, Abhinay Shashank, Avinash Kumar Jha, and Sonam Kumari
- Subjects
Amaranthus cruentus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,biology ,chemistry ,Starch ,General Chemical Engineering ,Gum ghatti ,Amaranth ,General Chemistry ,Food science ,biology.organism_classification ,Food Science - Published
- 2021
50. Artemisinin acts by inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum Ddi1, a retropepsin, resulting into the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins
- Author
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Rajan Pandey, Dinesh Gupta, Asif Mohmmed, Naseem A. Gaur, Vaibhav Sharma, Mohit Kumar, Inderjeet Kaur, Arunaditya Deshmukh, Noah Machuki Onchieku, Pawan Malhotra, Daniel Kiboi, and Sonam Kumari
- Subjects
Protease ,biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Plasmodium falciparum ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ubiquitin ,chemistry ,Cytoplasm ,Unfolded protein response ,biology.protein ,medicine ,DNA fragmentation ,DNA - Abstract
Reduced sensitivity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) threatens the global efforts towards eliminating malaria. ARTs have been shown to cause ubiquitous cellular and genetic insults, which results in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. The UPR restores protein homeostasis, which otherwise would be toxic to cellular survival. Here, we interrogated the role of DNA-damage inducible protein 1 (PfDdi1), a unique proteasome-interacting retropepsin in mediating the actions of the ARTs. We demonstrate that PfDdi1 is an active A2 family protease that hydrolyzes ubiquitinated substrates. We further show that treatment with ARTs lead to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the parasites and blocks the destruction of the ubiquitinated substrates by PfDdi1. Besides, whereas the PfDdi1 is predominantly localised in the cytoplasm, exposure of the parasites to ARTs leads to DNA fragmentation and increased recruitment of the PfDdi1 into the nucleus. Furthermore, Ddi1 knock-out Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are more suceptible to ARTs and the PfDdI1 protein robustly restores the corresponding functions in the knock-out cells. Together, these results show that ARTs act by inducing DNA and protein damage, and impairing the damage recovery by inhibiting the activity of PfDdi1, an essential ubiquitin-proteasome retropepsin.
- Published
- 2021
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