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1. COVID-19 during Gestation: Maternal Implications of Evoked Oxidative Stress and Iron Metabolism Impairment

Author

Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Julio J. Ochoa, Catalina De Paco Matallana, Africa Caño, Estefania Martín-Alvarez, Javier Sanchez-Romero, Juan M. Toledano, Maria Puche-Juarez, Sonia Prados, Susana Ruiz-Duran, Lucia Diaz-Meca, María Paz Carrillo, and Javier Diaz-Castro

Subjects
COVID-19, placenta, pregnancy, antioxidant system, oxidative stress, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

COVID-19 has reached pandemic proportions worldwide, with considerable consequences for both health and the economy. In pregnant women, COVID-19 can alter the metabolic environment, iron metabolism, and oxygen supply of trophoblastic cells, and therefore have a negative influence on essential mechanisms of fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy with regard to the oxidative/antioxidant status in mothers’ serum and placenta, together with placental iron metabolism. Results showed no differences in superoxide dismutase activity and placental antioxidant capacity. However, antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum of infected mothers. Catalase activity decreased in the COVID-19 group, while an increase in 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, hydroperoxides, 15-FT-isoprostanes, and carbonyl groups were recorded in this group. Placental vitamin D, E, and Coenzyme-Q10 also showed to be increased in the COVID-19 group. As for iron-related proteins, an up-regulation of placental DMT1, ferroportin-1, and ferritin expression was recorded in infected women. Due to the potential role of iron metabolism and oxidative stress in placental function and complications, further research is needed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 that may affect pregnancy, so as to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes in mothers’ and infants’ health.

Published
2022
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2. Gender specific differences in oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in healthy term neonates and their mothers

Author

Julio J. Ochoa, Naroa Kajarabille, Maria Garrido-Sanchez, Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Sonia Prados, Javier Díaz-Castro, Catalina de Paco, and Mario Pulido-Moran

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Physiology, medicine.disease_cause, Umbilical cord, Antioxidants, Umbilical Arteries, Umbilical Cord, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, medicine.anatomical_structure, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Female, medicine.symptom, Signal Transduction, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Mothers, Inflammation, Dinoprostone, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Interleukin 6, Glutathione Peroxidase, business.industry, Interleukin-6, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Infant, Newborn, Umbilical artery, Hydrogen Peroxide, medicine.disease, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Gender is a crucial determinant of life span, but little is known about gender differences in free radical homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. The aim of the study was to determine gender-related differences concerning oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling of healthy neonates and mothers. Fifty-six mothers with normal gestational course and spontaneous delivery were selected. Blood samples were collected from the mother (at the beginning of delivery and start of expulsive period) and from neonate (from umbilical cord vein and artery). The mothers of girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma hydroperoxides than the mother of boys. Regarding the neonates, the girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma membrane hydroperoxides in umbilical cord artery together with higher catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Lower levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were observed in the mothers of girls and higher level of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II. In the neonates, lower levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed in umbilical artery and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II in umbilical cord vein and artery of girls. An association between gender, oxidative stress, and inflammation signaling exists, leading to a renewed interest in the neonate’s sex as a potential risk factor to several alterations.

Published
2016

3. Umbilical cord blood acid–base and gas analysis after early versus delayed cord clamping in neonates at term

Author

Catalina de Paco, Mari Carmen Garrido, Luis Navarrete, Jesús Florido, and Sonia Prados

Subjects
Adult, Time Factors, Acid–base homeostasis, Umbilical cord, pCO2, Umbilical vein, Umbilical Cord, Constriction, Pregnancy, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Acid-Base Equilibrium, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umbilical artery, General Medicine, Delivery, Obstetric, Fetal Blood, medicine.anatomical_structure, Clamp, Anesthesia, Female, Blood Gas Analysis, business, Artery
Abstract

To compare umbilical cord acid–base status and blood gas analysis between umbilical cords clamped within 10 s and at 2 min of delivery. A total of 158 healthy full-term mothers were randomly assigned to an early clamping (

Published
2010

4. A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Signaling during Labour in Healthy Mothers and Neonates

Author

Mario Pulido-Moran, Olga Ocón, Naroa Kajarabille, Sonia Prados, Jesús Florido, Julio J. Ochoa, Catalina de Paco, Javier Díaz-Castro, [Díaz-Castro,J, Kajarabille,N, Pulido-Moran,M, Ochoa,JJ] Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'Jose Mataix', University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Florido,J, Prados,S, de Paco,C, and Ocon,O] Department Obtetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.

Subjects
Trabajo de parto, Aging, Glutatión peroxidasa, Physiology, Edad gestacional, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Umbilical cord, Umbilical vein, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Tumor Necrosis Factors::Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha [Medical Subject Headings], Named Groups::Persons::Parents::Mothers [Medical Subject Headings], Pregnancy, Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Oxidative Stress [Medical Subject Headings], Catalasa, Labor, Obstetric, lcsh:Cytology, Femenino, Estrés oxidativo, General Medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Oxidoreductases::Superoxide Dismutase [Medical Subject Headings], Catalase, Fetal Blood, Sangre fetal, Superóxido dismutasa, Humanos, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Oxidoreductases::Peroxidases::Glutathione Peroxidase [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.anatomical_structure, Gestation, Female, Artery, Signal Transduction, Research Article, Adult, Article Subject, Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy::Labor, Obstetric [Medical Subject Headings], Mothers, Gestational Age, Dinoprostona, Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Cytokines::Interleukins::Interleukin-6 [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Inflammation Mediators::Autacoids::Eicosanoids::Prostaglandins::Prostaglandins E::Dinoprostone [Medical Subject Headings], Dinoprostone, Interleucina-6, Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Gestational Age [Medical Subject Headings], Proinflammatory cytokine, Anatomy::Fluids and Secretions::Body Fluids::Blood::Fetal Blood [Medical Subject Headings], Recién nacido, medicine, Humans, lcsh:QH573-671, Fetus, Glutathione Peroxidase, business.industry, Interleukin-6, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Signal Transduction [Medical Subject Headings], Infant, Newborn, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Oxidative Stress, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Transducción de señal, Immunology, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Oxidoreductases::Peroxidases::Catalase [Medical Subject Headings], Madres, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract

The objective of the current study was to investigate for the first time and simultaneously the oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling induced during the delivery in healthy mothers and their neonates. 56 mothers with normal gestational course and spontaneous delivery were selected. Blood samples were taken from mother (before and after delivery) both from vein and artery of umbilical cord. Lower antioxidant enzymes activities were observed in neonates compared with their mothers and lower oxidative stress in umbilical cord artery with respect to vein. There was an overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in the mother, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and, in addition, PGE2was also increased. Neonates showed lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-αand higher values of sTNF-RII and PGE2in comparison with their mothers. Parturition increases oxidative damage in the mother, although the indicators of oxidative damage were lower in umbilical cord artery with respect to umbilical vein. The overexpression of inflammatory cytokines reveals that fetus suffers its own inflammatory process during parturition.

Published
2015
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