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Objectives: The current research explores the anticancer effects of pH sensitive CVC-ZnO QDs (Carvacrol-loaded Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots) on DMBA induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Methods: Female SD rats were used, and mammary cancer was induced by chemical carcinogen via subcutaneous injection near the mammary gland. Different concentrations of CVC-ZnO QDs were orally supplemented to evaluate the optimum dose. We assessed the growth rate, body weight changes, tumor volume, tumor incidence and tumor burden in both the inducer and treatment groups. We also evaluated the biochemical parameters (antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, detoxification enzymes, and lipid profile) and histopathological changes in the kidney and mammary tissues. Results: Our findings indicate that CVC-ZnO QDs treated rats significantly decreased the tumor weight, incidence, burden, lipid peroxidation levels, phase I detoxification enzyme activities and increased the body weight, phase II detoxification enzyme activities, and antioxidant status compared to the DMBA alone treated rats. CVC-ZnO QDs treatment also altered the lipid profile of plasma and mammary tissue. Furthermore, histopathological results confirmed that the CVC-ZnO QDs protect against DMBA-mediated damage to the mammary and kidney. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the CVC-ZnO QDs administered at 4 mg/kg b.w exhibited a significant anticancer effect against DMBA-induced mammary cancer.

Background: Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) is one of the most widely used metal oxide nanoparticles with unique features that permit its usage in various medical applications, including drug delivery, targeting, labelling, and loading. Rutin is a bioflavonoid found in various natural sources and has diverse biological activities and pharmaceutical applications. Some studies have evaluated the impacts of ZrO2 NPs on aquatic creatures, but little is known about their ability to recover after exposure. Since the toxicity of ZrO2 nanoparticles is not known, it would be crucial to investigate their toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. Objectives: In the present work, the toxicity of ZrO2 was investigated in Danio rerio using behavioural alterations, biomarkers of oxidative stress and cellular damage. The morphology of the gill tissues, as well as the optimal amount of rutin for mitigating deleterious effects was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Fish were treated for 14 days, and seven study groups were examined: control, ZrO2 exposure alone at three distinct concentrations (5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 20 mg/L), and combined with rutin (100 mg/L). Results: Compared to control groups, Danio rerio treated with ZrO2 alone or in combination with rutin produced worse outcomes. However, rutin-supplemented groups exhibited greater improvement than ZrO2 alone groups. ZrO2 affects cells by causing oxidative stress and decreasing the antioxidants SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and Vitamin C. Enhanced oxidative stress induces behavioural and morphological modifications. The structural examination of the gill tissues revealed hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, filament erosion, and a dilated marginal channel or epithelial lifting. Conclusion: According to our data, the sub-lethal concentration of ZrO2 NPs for Danio rerio is 10 mg/L. Although ZrO2 was detrimental to the groups exposed to it, supplementing 100 mg/L of rutin was able to protect against its toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) have gained considerable attention due to their diverse applications in various fields. However, concerns about their potential toxic effects on the environment and living organisms have also emerged. In this study, we synthesized and characterized Fe 3 O 4 NPs and assessed their immunotoxicity on the coelomocytes of Eisenia fetida . The Fe 3 O 4 NPs were synthesized using a co-precipitation method, and their physicochemical properties were determined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized Fe 3 O 4 NPs exhibited a uniform size distribution with spherical morphology and the phase purity was confirmed from XRD analysis. To evaluate the immunotoxicity of Fe 3 O 4 NPs, Eisenia fetida coelomocytes were exposed to various concentrations of Fe 3 O 4 NPs for 14 days. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of Fe 3 O 4 NPs on the biochemical parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (APs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein content (TPC), as well as conducted a histological examination. Biochemical analysis revealed significant alterations in the activity levels of SOD, CAT, APs, ALP, and TPC in the coelomocytes, indicating immune system dysregulation upon exposure to Fe 3 O 4 NPs. Moreover, histological examination demonstrated structural changes, suggesting cellular damage caused by Fe 3 O 4 NPs. These findings provide valuable insights into the immunotoxic effects of Fe 3 O 4 NPs on Eisenia fetida and underscore the need for further investigation into the potential environmental impact of nanoparticles.