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1. An Investigation of Denial of Service Attacks on Autonomous Driving Software and Hardware in Operation

Author

Stübler, Tillmann, Amodei, Andrea, Capriglione, Domenico, Tomasso, Giuseppe, Bonnotte, Nicolas, and Mohammed, Shawan

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

This research investigates the impact of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, specifically Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attacks, on Autonomous Driving (AD) systems, focusing on their control modules. Two experimental setups were created: the first involved an ICMP flood attack on a Raspberry Pi running an AD software stack, and the second examined the effects of single and double ICMP flood attacks on a Global Navigation Satellite System Real-Time Kinematic (GNSS-RTK) device for high-accuracy localization of an autonomous vehicle that is available on the market. The results indicate a moderate impact of DoS attacks on the AD stack, where the increase in median computation time was marginal, suggesting a degree of resilience to these types of attacks. In contrast, the GNSS device demonstrated significant vulnerability: during DoS attacks, the sample rate dropped drastically to approximately 50% and 5% of the nominal rate for single and double attacker configurations, respectively. Additionally, the longest observed time increments were in the range of seconds during the attacks. These results underscore the vulnerability of AD systems to DoS attacks and the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures. This work provides valuable insights into the design requirements of AD software stacks and highlights that external hardware and modules can be significant attack surfaces.

Published
2024

4. Cell‐level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options

Author

Sabine Stübler, Charlotte Kloft, and Wilhelm Huisinga

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Abstract To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti‐TNF‐α therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options.

Published
2023
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5. Comparative flavonoid profile of orange (Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects

Author

Sherif M. Afifi, Recep Gök, Ingo Eikenberg, Dennis Krygier, Eric Rottmann, Anne-Sophie Stübler, Kemal Aganovic, Silke Hillebrand, and Tuba Esatbeyoglu

Subjects
albedo, flavedo, extraction, metabolomics, ultrasonic, high pressure processing, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

IntroductionCitrus fruits are one of the most frequently counterfeited processed products in the world. In the juice production alone, the peels, divided into flavedo and albedo, are the main waste product. The extracts of this by-product are enriched with many bioactive substances. Newer extraction techniques generally have milder extraction conditions with simultaneous improvement of the extraction process.MethodsThis study presents a combinatorial approach utilizing data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility spectrometry coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Integrating orthogonal collision cross section (CCS) data matching simultaneously improves the confidence in metabolite identification in flavedo and albedo tissues from Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, four different extraction approaches [conventional, ultrasonic, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF)] with various optimized processing conditions were compared in terms of antioxidant effects and flavonoid profile particularly polymethoxy flavones (PMFs).ResultsA total number of 57 metabolites were identified, 15 of which were present in both flavedo and albedo, forming a good qualitative overlapping of distributed flavonoids. For flavedo samples, the antioxidant activity was higher for PEF and HHP treated samples compared to other extraction methods. However, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effects in albedo samples attributed to different qualitative composition content rather than various quantities of same metabolites. The optimum processing conditions for albedo extraction using HHP and PEF were 200 MPa and 15 kJ/kg at 10 kV, respectively. While, HHP at medium pressure (400 MPa) and PEF at 15 kJ/kg/3 kV were the optimum conditions for flavedo extraction.ConclusionChemometric analysis of the dataset indicated that orange flavedo can be a valid source of soluble phenolic compounds especially PMFs. In order to achieve cross-application of production, future study should concentrate on how citrus PMFs correlate with biological engineering techniques such as breeding, genetic engineering, and fermentation engineering.

Published
2023
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19. Complications of central venous port systems: a pictorial review

Author

Sibylle Machat, Edith Eisenhuber, Georg Pfarl, Josef Stübler, Claus Koelblinger, Johannes Zacherl, and Wolfgang Schima

Subjects
Port, Complication, Perforation, Malposition, Thrombosis, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Abstract Central venous port devices are indicated for patients, who need long-term intravenous therapy. Oncologic patients may require intermittent administration of chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, infusions, or blood transfusions. A venous port system is composed of a port chamber attached to a central catheter, which is implanted into the central venous system. The subcutaneous location of the catheter chamber improves the patients’ quality of life and the infection rate is lower than in non-totally implantable central venous devices. However, proper implantation, use, and care of a port system are important to prevent short- and long-term complications. Most common early complications (

Published
2019
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20. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author

Del Prato, Stefano, McMurray, John J.V., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Granger, Christopher B., Hernandez, Adrian F., Janmohamed, Salim, Leiter, Lawrence A., Califf, Robert M, Holman, Rury, DeMets, David, Riddle, Matthew, Goodman, Shaun, McGuire, Darren, Alexander, Karen, Devore, Adam, Melloni, Chiara, Patel, Chetan, Kong, David, Bloomfield, Gerald, Roe, Matthew, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Harrison, Rob, Lopes, Renato, Mathews, Robin, Mehta, Rajendra, Schuyler Jones, William, Vemulapalli, Sreekanth, Povsic, Thomas, Eapen, Zubin, Dombrowski, Keith, Kolls, Brad, Jordan, Dedrick, Ambrosy, Andrew, Greene, Stephen, Mandawat, Aditya, Shavadia, Jay, Cooper, Lauren, Sharma, Abhinav, Guimaraes, Patricia, Friedman, Daniel, Wilson, Matt, Endsley, Patricia, Gentry, Tracy, Collier, Jeannie, Perez, Kathleen, James, Kourtnei, Roush, Jennifer, Pope, Connie, Howell, Christina, Johnson, Megan, Bailey, Matt, Cole, Joanna, Akers, Teresa, Vandyne, Beth, Thomas, Betsy, Rich, Jenny, Bartone, Susan, Beaulieu, Gail, Brown, Kim, Chau, Tuan, Christian, Tamra, Coker, Rebecca, Greene, Deb, Haddock, Trevorlyn, Jenkins, Wendy, Haque, Ghazala, Marquess, Marsha, Pesarchick, Jean, Rethaford, Renee, Stone, Allegra, Al Kawas, Firas, Anderson, Michelle, Enns, Robert, Sinay, Isaac, Mathieu, Chantal, Yordanov, Victor, Hramiak, Irene, Haluzik, Martin, Galatius, Søren, Guerci, Bruno, Nauck, Michael, Migdalis, Ilias, Tan, Choon Beng Kathryn, Kocsis, Gyozo, Giaccari, Andrea, Lee, Moon Kyu, Muñoz, Ernesto German Cardona, Cornel, Jan, Birkeland, Kare, Pinto, Miguel, Tirador, Louie, Olesinska-Mader, Martyna, Shestakova, Marina, Distiller, Larry, Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Eliasson, Bjorn, Chiang, Chern-En, Srimahachota, Suphot, Mankovsky, Boris, Bethel, M Angelyn, Dungan, Kathleen, Kosiborod, Mikhail, Alvarisqueta, Andres, Baldovino, Jorge, Besada, Diego, Calella, Pedro, Cantero, Maria Cecilia, Castaño, Patricia, Chertkoff, Alejandro, Cuadrado, Jesus, De Loredo, Luis, Dominguez, Andrea, Español, Maria Vanesa, Finkelstein, Hernan, Frechtel, Gustavo, Fretes, Jose, Garrido Santos, Natalia, Gonzalez, Joaquin, Litvak, Marcos, Loureyro, Juan, Maffei, Laura, Maldonado, Natacha, Mohr Gasparini, Diego, Orio, Silvia, Perez Manghi, Federico, Rodriguez Papini, Nelson, Sala, Jorgelina, Schygiel, Pablo, Sposetti, Georgina, Ulla, Maria, Verra, Fernando, Zabalua, Silvina, Zaidman, Cesar, Crenier, Laurent, Debroye, Corinne, Duyck, Francis, Scheen, André, Van Gaal, Luc, Vercammen, Chris, Damyanova, Velichka, Dimitrov, Stefan, Kovacheva, Snezhina, Lozanov, Lachezar, Margaritov, Viktor, Mihaylova-Shumkova, Rositsa, Nikolaeva, Antoaneta, Stoyanova, Zhasmina, Akhras, Ronald, Beaudry, Yves, Bedard, Jacques, Berlingieri, Joseph, Chehayeb, Raja, Cheung, Stephen, Conway, James, Cusson, Jean, Della Siega, Anthony, Dumas, Richard, Dzongowski, Peter, Ferguson, Murdo, Gaudet, Daniel, Grondin, Francois, Gupta, Anil, Gupta, Milan, Halperin, Frank, Houle, Pierre-Alain, Jones, Michael, Kouz, Simon, Kovacs, Christopher, Landry, Daniel, Lonn, Eva, O'Mahony, William, Peterson, Sean, Reich, Dennis, Rosenbloom, Alan, St-Maurice, Francois, Tugwell, Barna, Vizel, Saul, Woo, Vincent, Brychta, Tomas, Cech, Vladimir, Dvorakova, Eva, Edelsberger, Tomas, Halciakova, Katarina, Krizova, Jarmila, Lastuvka, Jiri, Piperek, Martin, Prymkova, Vera, Raclavska, Lea, Silhova, Elena, Urbanek, Robin, Vrkoc, Jan, Andersen, Ulla, Brønnum-Schou, Jens, Hove, Jens, Jensen, Jan Skov, Kober, Lars, Kristiansen, Ole Peter, Lund, Per, Melchior, Thomas, Nyvad, Ole, Schou, Morten, Boye, Alain, Cadinot, Didier, Gouet, Didier, Henry, Patrick, Kessler, Laurence, Lalau, Jean-Daniel, Petit, Catherine, Thuan, Jean-Francois, Voinot, Christel, Vouillarmet, Julien, Axthelm, Christoph, Berger, Dirk, Bieler, Tasso, Birkenfeld, Andreas, Bott, Jochen, Busch, Klaus, Caca, Karel, Chevts, Julia, Donaubauer, Torsten, Erlinger, Rudolf, Funke, Klaus, Grosskopf, Josef, Hagenow, Andreas, Hamann, Monika, Hartard, Manfred, Heymer, Peter, Huppertz, Wolfgang, Illies, Gabriele, Jacob, Stephan, Jung, Thomas, Kahrmann, Gerd, Kast, Petra, Kellerer, Monika, Kempe, Hans-Peter, Khariouzov, Andrei, Klausmann, Gerhard, Klein, Christiane, Kleinecke-Pohl, Uwe, Kleinertz, Klaus, Koch, Thorsten, Kosch, Christine, Lorra, Babette, Luedemann, Joerg, Luttermann, Matthias, Maxeiner, Stephan, Milek, Karsten, Moelle, Andrea, Neumann, Gerhard, Nischik, Ruth, Oehrig-Pohl, Edith, Plassmann, Georg, Pohlmeier, Lars, Proepper, Felix, Regner, Stefan, Rieker, Werner, Rose, Ludger, Samer, Holger, Sauter, Joachim, Schaper, Frank, Schiffer, Clemens, Schmidt, Juergen, Scholz, Bernd-M., Schulze, Joerg, Segner, Alexander, Seufert, Jochen, Sigal, Helena, Steindorf, Joerg, Stockhausen, Juergen, Stuebler, Petra, Taeschner, Heidrun, Tews, Dietrich, Tschoepe, Diethelm, Wilhelm, Karl, Zeller-Stefan, Helga, Avramidis, Iakovos, Bousboulas, Stavros, Bristianou, Magdalini, Dimitriadis, Georgios, Elisaf, Moses, Kotsa, Kalliopi, Melidonis, Andreas, Mitrakou, Asimina, Pagkalos, Emmanouil, Papanas, Nikolaos, Pappas, Angelos, Sampanis, Christos, Tentolouris, Nikolaos, Tsapas, Apostolos, Tzatzagou, Glykeria, Ozaki, Risa, Hajdú, Csaba, Harcsa, Eleonóra, Konyves, Laszlo, Mucsi, János, Pauker, Zsolt, Petró, Gizella, Plés, Zsolt, Revesz, Katalin, Sándor, Vangel, Vass, Viktor, Avogaro, Angelo, Boemi, Massimo, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Consoli, Agostino, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Dotta, Francesco, Frontoni, Simona, Galetta, Marianna, Gambineri, Alessandra, Gazzaruso, Carmine, Giorgino, Francesco, Lauro, Davide, Orsi, Emanuela, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Perriello, Gabriele, Piatti, Piermarco, Pontiroli, Antonio, Ponzani, Paola, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Sesti, Giorgio, Tonolo, Giancarlo, Trevisan, Roberto, Ahn, Chul Woo, Baik, Sei-Hyun, Cha, Bong-Soo, Chung, Choon-Hee, Jang, Hak Chul, Kim, Chong-Jin, Kim, Hye Soon, Kim, In Joo, Lee, Eun Young, Lee, Hyoung Woo, Lee, Kwan-Woo, Moon, Keon-Woong, Namgung, June, Park, Kyong Soo, Yoo, Soon Jib, Yu, Jaemyung, Llamas, Edmundo-Alfredo Bayram, Cervantes-Escárcega, Jose-Luis, Flota-Cervera, Luis Fernando, González-González, José Gerardo, Pascoe-Gonzalez, Sara, Pelayo-Orozco, Emilia Susana, Ramirez-Diaz, Santiago-Paulino, Saldana-Mendoza, Arturo, Jerjes-Díaz, Carlos Sánchez, Torres-Colores, Jose Juan, Vidrio-Velázquez, Maricela, Villagordoa-Mesa, Juan, Beijerbacht, Hugo Peter, Groutars, Reginald G.E.J., Hoek, Boudewijn A, Hoogslag, Pieter A.M., Kooy, Adriaan, Kragten, Johannes A., Lieverse, Aloysius G., Swart, Hendrik P., Viergever, Eric P., Ahlqvist, Jørn, Cooper, John, Gulseth, Hanne, Guttormsen, Gaute, Wium, Cecilie, Arbañil, Hugo, Calderon, Jorge, Camacho, Luis, Espinoza, Augusto Dextre, Garrido, Elizabeth, Luna, Alejandro, Manrique, Helard, Revoredo, Frederick Massucco, Gonzales, Rolando Vargas, Rincon, Luis Zapata, Zubiate, Carlos, Ebo, Geraldine, Morales-Palomares, Ellen, Arciszewska, Malgorzata, Banach, Marek, Bijata-Bronisz, Renata, Derezinski, Tadeusz, Gadzinski, Waldemar, Gajek, Jacek, Klodawska, Katarzyna, Krzyzagorska, Ewa, Madej, Andrzej, Miekus, Pawel, Opiela, Jaroslaw, Romanczuk, Piotr, Siegel, Anna, Skokowska, Ewa, Stankiewicz, Andrzej, Stasinska, Teresa, Trznadel-Morawska, Iwona, Witek, Robert, Aksentyev, Sergey, Bondar, Irina, Demidova, Irina, Dreval, Alexander, Ershova, Olga, Galstyan, Gagik, Garganeeva, Alla, Izmozherova, Nadezhda, Karetnikova, Victoria, Kharakhulakh, Marina, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Kobalava, Zhanna, Koshelskaya, Olga, Kosmacheva, Elena, Kostin, Vladimir, Koziolova, Natalia, Kuzin, Anatoly, Lesnov, Victor, Lysenko, Tatyana, Markov, Valentin, Mayorov, Alexander, Moiseev, Sergey, Myasoedova, Svetlana, Petunina, Nina, Rebrov, Andrey, Ruyatkina, Ludmila, Samoylova, Julia, Sazonova, Olga, Shilkina, Natalia, Sokolova, Nadezhda, Vasilevskaya, Olga, Verbovaya, Nelli, Vishneva, Elena, Vorobyev, Sergey, Vorokhobina, Natalya, Zanozina, Olga, Zhdanova, Elena, Zykova, Tatyana, Burgess, Lesley, Coetzee, Kathleen, Dawood, Saleem, Lombard, Landman, Makotoko, Ellen, Moodley, Rajendran, Oosthuysen, Wessels, Sarvan, Mohamed, Calvo Gómez, Carlos, Cano Rodríguez, Isidoro, Castro Conde, Almudena, Cequier Fillat, Angel, Cuatrecasas Cambra, Guillem, de Álvaro Moreno, Fernando, De Teresa Parreño, Luis, Delgado Lista, Javier, Domínguez Escribano, José Ramón, Durán García, Santiago, Elvira González, Javier, Fernández Rodríguez, José María, Goday Arno, Alberto, Gomez Huelgas, Ricardo, González Juanatey, José Ramón, Hernandez Mijares, Antonio, Jiménez Díaz, Víctor Alfonso, Jodar Gimeno, Esteban, Lucas Morante, Tomás, Marazuela, Monica, Martell Claros, Nieves, Mauricio Puente, Didac, Mena Ribas, Elena, Merino Torres, Juan Francisco, Mezquita Raya, Pedro, Nubiola Calonge, Andreu, Ordoñez Sánchez, Xavier, Pascual Izuel, Jose Maria, Perea Castilla, Verónica, Pérez Pérez, Antonio, Perez Soto, Isabel, Quesada Charneco, Miguel, Quesada Simón, Angustias, Redón Mas, Josep, Rego Iraeta, Antonia, Rodriguez Alvarez, Maria, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Irene, Sabán Ruiz, José, Soto González, Alfonso, Tinahones Madueno, Francisco, Trescoli Serrano, Carlos, Ulied Armiñana, Angels, Bachus, Erasmus, Berndtsson Blom, Katarina, Eliasson, Ken, Koskinen, Pekka, Larnefeldt, Hans, Lif-Tiberg, Cornelia, Linderfalk, Carina, Lund, Gustav, Lundman, Pia, Moris, Linda, Olsson, Åke, Salmonsson, Staffan, Sanmartin Berglund, Johan, Sjöberg, Folke, Söderberg, Stefan, Torstensson, Ingemar, Chen, Jung-Fu, Tien, Kai Jen, Tseng, Shih-Ting, Tu, Shih-Te, Wang, Chih-Yuan, Wang, Ji-Hung, Phrommintikul, Arintaya, Yamwong, Sukit, Jintapakorn, Woravut, Hutayanon, Pisit, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Bazhan, Larysa, Fushtey, Ivan, Grachova, Mariya, Katerenchuk, Vitaliy, Korpachev, Vadym, Kravchun, Nonna, Larin, Oleksandr, Mykhalchyshyn, Galyna, Myshanych, Halyna, Oleksyk, Olga, Orlenko, Valeriia, Pashkovska, Nataliia, Pertseva, Nataliia, Petrosyan, Olena, Smirnov, Ivan, Vlasenko, Maryna, Zlova, Tetiana, Aye, Myint, Baksi, Arun, Balasubramani, Mathangi, Beboso, Ronnie, Blagden, Mark, Bundy, Charles, Cookson, Tobias, Copland, Allan, Emslie-Smith, Alistair, Green, Fiona, Gunstone, Anthony, Issa, Basil, Jackson-Voyzey, Ewart, Johnson, Andrew, Maclean, Malcolm, McKnight, John, Muzulu, Solomon, O'Connell, Ian, Oyesile, Babatunde, Patterson, Catherine, Pearson, Ewan, Philip, Sam, Smith, Paul, Sukumaran, Usha, Abbas, Jalal, Aggarwala, Gaurav, Akhter, Faiq, Andersen, James, Anglade, Moise, Argoud, Georges, Ariani, Mehrdad, Ashdji, Reswan, Bakhtari, Ladan, Banerjee, Subhash, Bartlett, Andrew, Baum, Howard, Bays, Harold, Beasley, Richard, Belfort de Aguiar, Renata, Benjamin, Sabrina, Bhagwat, Ravi, Bhargava, Anuj, Bode, Bruce, Bratcher, Christina, Briskin, Toby, Brockmyre, Andrew, Broughton, Raymond, Brown, Judith, Budhraja, Madhusudan, Cannon, Kevin, Carr, Jewell, Cathcart, Harold, Cavale, Arvind, Chaykin, Louis, Cheung, Deanna, Childress, Richard, Cohen, Allan, Condit, Jonathan, Cooksey, Erin, Cornett, George Mitchell, Dauber, Ira, Davila, William, De Armas, Luis, Dean, Julius, Detweiler, Robert, Diaz, Ernesto, Di Giovanna, Michael, Dor, Isaac, Drummond, Waymon, Eagerton, Donald, Earl, John, Eaton, Charles, Ellison, Howard, Farris, Neil, Fiel, Thomas, Firek, Anthony, First, Brian, Forgosh, Les, French, William, Gandy, Winston, Garcia, Ronald, Gill, Santosh, Gordon, Murray, Guice, Michael, Gummadi, Siva, Hackenyos, Jonathan, Hairston, Kristen, Hanson, Lenita, Harrison, Lindsay, Hartman, Israel, Heitner, John, Hejeebu, Srini, Hermany, Paul, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlos, Hidalgo, Horacio, Higgins, Alexander, Ibrahim, Hassan, Jacobs, Shahram, Johnson, David, Joshi, Parag, Kaster, Steven, Kellum, Daniel, Kim, Christopher, Kim, Ellen, Kirby, William, Knouse, Albert, Kulback, Steven, Kumar, Mariananda, Kuruvanka, Tulsidas, Labroo, Ajay, Lasswell, William, Lentz, John, Lenzmeier, Thomas, Lewis, David, Li, Zhaoping, Lillestol, Michael, Little, Raymond, Lorraine, Richard, McKeown-Biagas, Cecilia, McNeill, Robert, Mehta, Anand, Miller, Alan, Moran, Joseph, Morawski, Emily, Nadar, Venkatesh, O'Connor, Thomas, Odio, Alberto, Parker, Reginald, Patel, Rajesh, Phillips, Lawrence, Raad, George, Rahman, Aref, Raikhel, Marina, Raisinghani, Ajit, Rajan, Raj, Rasouli, Neda, Rauzi, Frank, Rohr, Kathryn, Roseman, Hal, Rovner, Sergio, Saba, Fadi, Sachson, Richard, Schabauer, Alex, Schneider, Ricky, Schuchard, Timothy, Sensenbrenner, John, Shlesinger, Yshay, Singh, Narendra, Sivalingam, Kanagaratnam, Stonesifer, Larry, Storey, Daniel, Suh, David, Tahir, Mohammed, Tan, Anjanette, Tan, Marilyn, Taylon, Alain, Thakkar, Maitreya, Tripathy, Devjit, Uwaifo, Gabriel, Vedere, Amarnath, Venugopal, Chandra, Vo, Anthony, Welch, Michelle, Welker, James, White, Alexander, Willis, John, Wynne, Alan, Yazdani, Shahram, Green, Jennifer B, Rosenberg, Anne, Price, Lauren, Sigmon, Kristina, Lokhngina, Yuliya, Xing, Weibing, Overton, Robert, Stewart, Murray, Stead, Janet, Lindsay, Alistair, Patel, Vickas, Ross, Jorge, Soffer, Joseph, Daga, Shruti, Sowell, Margaret, Patel, Prashant, Garvey, Louisa, Ackert, Jessica, Abraham, Sybil, Sabol, Mary Beth, Altobelli, Desma, Ha, JuYoung, Kulkarni, Mangesh, Somerville, Matthew, Noronha, Drusilla, Casson, Ed, Zang, Eddie, Sandhu, Chamandeep, Kumar, Rakesh, Chen, David, Taft, Lin, Patel, Rajivkumar, Ye, June, Shannon, Jennifer, Wilson, Tim, Babi, Charleen, Miller, Diane, Jones, Nigel P, Thorpe, Karl, Russell, Rachael, Bull, Georgina, Hereghty, Belinda, Fernandez-Salazar, Eva, Longley, Troy, Donaldson, Jill, Jarosz, Marie, Murphy, Karen, Adams, Patricia, Smith, Peter, James, Rachel, Richards, Jackie, Sedani, Sangeeta, Althouse, Denise, Watson, David, Lorimer, Jamie, Lauder, Steven, Schultheis, Ron, Womer, Terese, Wraight, Ella, Li, Wenyan, Price-Olsen, Emma, Watson, Anthony, Kelly, Aoife, McLaughlin, Patricia, Fleming, John, Schubert, Jessica, Schleiden, Debra, Harris, Tara, Prakash, Rahul, Breneman, Jody, Deshpande, Sameer, Saswadkar, Aarti, Kumari, Aditi, Shitut, Aditi, Raorane, Amruta, Karmalkar, Anisha, Mhambrey, Ankita, Bhosale, Archana, Vaphare, Ashok, Patil, Ashwini P, Khandelwal, Chaitali, Shaik, Fayaz, Nadar, Madhumitha, Karka, Mounika, Kadgaonkar, Neha, Gupta, Nikita, Aher, Nutan, Potnis, Omkar, Naicker, Pallavi, Shinde, Rakesh, Sharma, Richa, Godse, Rupali, Solanki, Sheetal, Sahu, Shruti, Dumbre, Snehal, Kumar, Somesh, Patil, Suradnya, Mandal, Trisha, Hernandez, Adrian F, D'Agostino, Ralph B, Sr, Granger, Christopher B, Leiter, Lawrence A, Rosenberg, Anne E, Sigmon, Kristina N, Somerville, Matthew C, Thorpe, Karl M, and McMurray, John J V

Published
2018
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23. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial

Author

Hamann, Andreas, Barakat, Alain, Blüher, Matthias, Linn, Thomas, Mölle, Andrea, Segner, Alexander, Stübler, Petra, Tosch-Sisting, Regina, Pacini, Furio, Santini, Ferruccio, Marchesini, Giulio, Rotella, Carlo Maria, Invitti, Cecilia, Vettor, Roberto, Buscemi, Silvio, Raya, Pedro Mezquita, Freijoo, Felipe Casanueva, de Barbará, Ramón Gomis, Carraro, Raffaele, Bobillo, Enrique Romero, de la Cuesta, Carmen, Farsang, Csaba, Csaszar, Albert, Zahorska-Markiewicz, Barbara, Pupek-Musialik, Danuta, Franek, Edward, Ostrowska, Lucyna, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Magdalena, Lalic, Nebojsa, Micic, Dragan, Ludvik, Bernhard, Paulweber, Bernhard, Prager, Rudolf, Scheen, André, Van Gaal, Luc, Astrup, Arne Vernon, Hermansen, Kjeld, Madsbad, Sten, Rissanen, Aila, Nieminen, Sakari, Savolainen, Markku, Krempf, Michel, Romon, Monique, Laville, Martine, Marre, Michel, Mira, Reginald, Finucane, Francis, Veenendaal, Aletha, van Berkum, Frank, Johannsson-Vidarsdóttir, Solrun, Van de Walle, Vivienne, Meesters, Eelco, Hjelmesæth, Jøran, Klemsdal, Tor Ole, Kulseng, Bård, Bach-Kliegel, Birgit, Laederach, Kurt, Villiger, Lukas, Golay, Alain, Bilz, Stefan, Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Bain, Stephen, Kumar, Sudesh, Le Roux, Carel Wynard, Lean, Michael E.J., McGowan, Barbara, Rehman, Tariq, Wilding, John, Wittert, Gary, Caterson, Ian, Proietto, Joeseph, Prins, John, Neto, Bruno Geloneze, Gross, Jorge Luiz, Chacra, Antonio Roberto, Halpern, Alfredo, de Almeida Suplicy, Henrique, Chow, Francis Chun Chung, Thacker, Hemant P, Chadha, Manoj, Chandalia, Hemaraj, Unnikrishnan, Ambika, Kalra, Sanjay, Deshpande, Neeta, Shunmugavelu, Minakshi, Deshmukh, Vaishali Chetan, Maislos, Maximo, Lieberman, Gabriella Segal, Shimon, Ilan, Stern, Naftali, Nabriski, Dan, Karnieli, Eddy, Shehadeh, Naim, Gonzalez-Galvez, Guillermo, del Rosario Arechavaleta-Granell, Maria, Ortiz, Rafael Margarito Violante, Franco, Guadalupe Morales, Gurieva, Irina, Suplotova, Lyudmila Aleksandrovna, Troshina, Ekaterina, Ruyatkina, Ludmila Aleksandrovna, Voychik, Emma Anatolievna, Martsevich, Sergey, Startseva, Maria A, Seeber, Mary Elizabeth, Badat, Aysha, Ellis, Graham, Altuntas, Yuksel, Guler, Serdar, Ulgen, Ender, Delibasi, Tuncay, Chetty, Tony, Hart, Randy, Janzen, Jeannette, Labonte, Isabelle, Lau, David, Liutkus, Joanne, O'Keefe, Dennis, Padwal, Raj, Ransom, Thomas P.P., Tytus, Richard, Weisnagel, Stanley John, Adler, Jay, Aqua, Keith, Aronoff, Stephen L, Bedel, Gary W., Blevins, Thomas Craig, Blumenau, Joe, Brockmyre, Andrew Peter, Call, Robert S, Canadas, Rafael, Chaykin, Louis B, Cohen, Kenneth, Conrow, Jeffrey Keith, Davis, Matthew G, Downey, H Jackson, Drosman, Steven Richard, Duckor, Steven, Farmer, H. Frank, Farrell, James, Fehnel, Stephen, Finneran, Matthew Patrick, Forbes, Ray, Forker, Alan, Fredrick, Mark, Fujioka, Ken, Geller, Steven Andrew, Gill, Santosh, Glaser, Linda, Greco, Susan Neims, Greenway, Frank Lyons, Harper, Wayne, Herman, Lee, Hoekstra, John, Ingebretsen, Richard, Ison, Rodney, Jain, Rajeev K, Kaplan, Roy, Kaster, Steven Richard, Haase, Gregory A, Kerzner, Boris, Kirstein, Judith Lee, Koltun, William, Krieger, Diane R, Lewis, Cora Elizabeth, Madder, Robert, Marple, Richard N, McDermott, Edward J, Mello, Curtis John, Miller, Alan B., Mullen, Julie, Nardandrea, John, O'Neil, Patrick, Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier, Pucillo, Ronald M, Rhee, Chanhaeng, Redrick, Scott, Pardini, Aaron, Rothman, Jeffrey, Rubino, Domenica Marie, Sellers, Gladstone, Smith, Timothy, Byars, William David, Soufer, Joseph, Sussman, Allen Michael, Patrick, Kyle, Schramm, Erich Lloyd, Van Cleeff, Martin, Berg, Saul Reuel, Wyatt, Holly Roxanna, Simon, James Alan, le Roux, Carel W, Astrup, Arne, Greenway, Frank, Lau, David C W, Ortiz, Rafael Violante, Wilding, John P H, Skjøth, Trine V, Manning, Linda Shapiro, and Pi-Sunyer, Xavier

Published
2017
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27. Contributors

Author

Aganovic, Kemal, primary, Bak, Kathrine H., additional, Baranda, Ana B., additional, Barba, Francisco J., additional, Belkova, Beverly, additional, Bi, Jinfeng, additional, Bolumar, Tomas, additional, Brüggemann, Dagmar A., additional, Buniowska, Magdalena, additional, Delgadillo, Ivonne, additional, Denoya, Gabriela I., additional, Escobedo-Avellaneda, Zamantha, additional, Ferrer, Emilia, additional, Gavahian, Mohsen, additional, Ghafoor, Kashif, additional, González-Angulo, Mario, additional, Goodfellow, Brian J., additional, Guyon, Claire, additional, Hajslova, Jana, additional, Hertel, Christian, additional, Jung, Stephanie, additional, de Lamballerie, Marie, additional, Lavilla, María, additional, Lawrence, Isabella, additional, Liu, Xuan, additional, Lopes, Rita P., additional, Marszałek, Krystian, additional, Montes, Paula, additional, Moreira, Sílvia A., additional, Mota, Maria J., additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Orcajo, Janire, additional, Orlien, Vibeke, additional, Pallarés, Noelia, additional, Parrón, José Antonio, additional, Pérez, María Dolores, additional, Pintado, Manuela, additional, Pinto, Carlos A., additional, Puértolas, Eduardo, additional, Queirós, Rui P., additional, Rauh, Cornelia, additional, Ribeiro, Catarina, additional, Rodrigues, João E., additional, Sánchez, Lourdes, additional, Saraiva, Jorge A., additional, Serment-Moreno, Vinicio, additional, Sevenich, Robert, additional, Sikes, Anita, additional, Skąpska, Sylwia, additional, Stübler, Anna-Sophie, additional, Tolosa, Josefa, additional, Tonello-Samson, Carole, additional, Trych, Urszula, additional, Vieira, Patrícia, additional, Welti-Chanes, Jorge, additional, Xia, Qiang, additional, Xie, Fan, additional, Yildiz, Semanur, additional, and Zhu, Zhenzhou, additional

Published
2020
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28. Comparative flavonoid profile of orange (Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects

Author

Afifi, Sherif M., primary, Gök, Recep, additional, Eikenberg, Ingo, additional, Krygier, Dennis, additional, Rottmann, Eric, additional, Stübler, Anne-Sophie, additional, Aganovic, Kemal, additional, Hillebrand, Silke, additional, and Esatbeyoglu, Tuba, additional

Published
2023
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30. Comparative flavonoid profile of orange (Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects

Author

Afifi, Sherif M., Gök, Recep, Eikenberg, Ingo, Krygier, Dennis, Rottmann, Eric, Stübler, Anne-Sophie, Aganovic, Kemal, Hillebrand, Silke, Esatbeyoglu, Tuba, Afifi, Sherif M., Gök, Recep, Eikenberg, Ingo, Krygier, Dennis, Rottmann, Eric, Stübler, Anne-Sophie, Aganovic, Kemal, Hillebrand, Silke, and Esatbeyoglu, Tuba

Abstract

Introduction: Citrus fruits are one of the most frequently counterfeited processed products in the world. In the juice production alone, the peels, divided into flavedo and albedo, are the main waste product. The extracts of this by-product are enriched with many bioactive substances. Newer extraction techniques generally have milder extraction conditions with simultaneous improvement of the extraction process. Methods: This study presents a combinatorial approach utilizing data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility spectrometry coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Integrating orthogonal collision cross section (CCS) data matching simultaneously improves the confidence in metabolite identification in flavedo and albedo tissues from Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, four different extraction approaches [conventional, ultrasonic, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF)] with various optimized processing conditions were compared in terms of antioxidant effects and flavonoid profile particularly polymethoxy flavones (PMFs). Results: A total number of 57 metabolites were identified, 15 of which were present in both flavedo and albedo, forming a good qualitative overlapping of distributed flavonoids. For flavedo samples, the antioxidant activity was higher for PEF and HHP treated samples compared to other extraction methods. However, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effects in albedo samples attributed to different qualitative composition content rather than various quantities of same metabolites. The optimum processing conditions for albedo extraction using HHP and PEF were 200 MPa and 15 kJ/kg at 10 kV, respectively. While, HHP at medium pressure (400 MPa) and PEF at 15 kJ/kg/3 kV were the optimum conditions for flavedo extraction. Conclusion: Chemometric analysis of the dataset indicated that orange flavedo can be a valid source of soluble phenolic compounds especially PMFs. In order to achieve cross-application of produc

Published
2023

32. Matrix- and Technology-Dependent Stability and Bioaccessibility of Strawberry Anthocyanins during Storage

Author

Anna-Sophie Stübler, Lena Böhmker, Andreas Juadjur, Volker Heinz, Cornelia Rauh, Avi Shpigelman, and Kemal Aganovic

Subjects
anthocyanins, pulsed electric fields (PEF), high-pressure processing (HPP), storage, bioaccessibility, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Anthocyanins are often associated with health benefits. They readily degrade during processing and storage but are also dependent on the matrix conditions. This study investigated how strawberry anthocyanins are affected by preservation technologies and a relatively protein-rich kale juice addition during storage. A strawberry–kale mix was compared to a strawberry–water mix (1:2 wt; pH 4), untreated, thermally, pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high-pressure processing (HPP) treated, and evaluated for anthocyanin stability and bioaccessibility during refrigerated storage. The degradation of strawberry anthocyanins during storage followed first-order kinetics and was dependent on the juice system, preservation technology and anthocyanin structure. Generally, the degradation rate was higher for the strawberry–kale mix compared to the strawberry–water mix. The untreated sample showed the highest degradation rate, followed by HPP, PEF and, then thermal. The relative anthocyanin bioaccessibility after gastric digestion was 10% higher for the thermally and PEF treated samples. Anthocyanin bioaccessibility after intestinal digestion was low due to instability at a neutral pH, especially for the strawberry–kale mix, and after thermal treatment. The storage period did not influence the relative bioaccessibility; yet, the absolute content of bioaccessible anthocyanins was decreased after storage. This research further presents that processing and formulation strongly affect the stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins during storage.

Published
2020
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34. Auf eigene Kosten

Author

Stübler, Leonard

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Die Fragestellung : Wirkt sozialer Status moderierend auf die maladaptiven Konsequenzen von selbstabwertendem Humor in der Fremdwahrnehmung? soll mittels einer Fragebogenstudie untersucht werden. Teilnehmer:innen lesen eine Begegnung mit einer fiktiven Person in Form eines Dialogs. Im Anschluss beantworten sie Items in denen sie die dargestellte Person hinsichtlich des wahrgenommenen Selbstbewusstseins, der empfundenen Sympathie und einer Reihe sozial un-/erwünschter Persönlichkeitsattribute bewerten sowie eine Angabe, inwiefern sie sich vorstellen könnten, privaten Kontakt mit der Person zu haben. Zum Schluss beantworten sie Fragen, die einem Manipulationscheck dienen, etwa ob sie die Verwendung von Humor wahrgenommen haben, ob den Status der Person als hoch einschätzen (einflussreich, respektiert, angesehen) und äußern ihre Zustimmung hinsichtlich der Passung von Beschreibungen der beiden Humorstile zur Person.

Published
2023
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35. The Influence of Socio-Political Measures on Families and Experts Regarding the Transition of 0fChildren Under Two Years of Age into Daycare

Author

Greiler-Kottar, Angelika Silvia and Stübler, Silke

Abstract

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluss gesellschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen auf Familien und Fachpersonen hinsichtlich der Transition unter zweijähriger Kinder in die Kinderkrippe beschrieben. Zur Steigerung der gesamten Erwerbstätigkeit der Europäischen Union ist es notwendig, den Arbeitsmarkt für Frauen zugänglich zu machen. Die Voraussetzung für die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf nach der Geburt eines Kindes sind leistbare, qualitativ hochwertige und vorhandene elementare Bildungs- und Betreuungseinrichtungen. Faktoren die notwendig sind, um die Transition unter zweijähriger Kinder zu gewährleisten, sowie die Einbeziehung von Familien werden mittels eines Fragebogens (n=154) erhoben. Mit einem Leitfadeninterview wird die Meinung der elementarpädagogischen Fachkräfte (n=8) aufgezeigt.Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass Kinder beim Krippenstart zwischen 13 und 24 Monate alt und hauptsächlich berufliche Gründe dafür verantwortlich waren. Pädagogisches Fachpersonal zeigte mangelhafte Bedingungen in der Ausbildung und in der Personal- und Raumausstattung auf. Eltern und elementarpädagogisches Fachpersonal wiesen auf einen gelungenen Transitionsprozess unter zweijähriger Kinder im Rahmen der Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaft hin. Im Ergebnis der Forschungsarbeit zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen gesellschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen und der Transition unter zweijähriger Kinder in die Kinderkrippe Abstract The present paper will describe the influence of socio-political provisions on families and experts regarding the transition of children under two years of age in day care centres. To increase the gainful activity of the entire European Union it is necessary to make the labour market accessible to women. The requirements for compatibility of family and career are affordable, existing and quality elementary education and day care centres. Necessary factors to ensure the transition of children under two years of age, as well as the inclusion of families are identified through a questionnaire (n=154). A guideline-interview demonstrates the opinions of early childhood educational experts (n=8). The research has shown that children were between 13 and 24 months old when they started day care and that occupational reasons were mainly responsible. Pedagogical professionals revealed deficient conditions in their training as well as in personnel and the number of predefined rooms. Parents and early childhood education professionals indicated a successful transitional process in the context of education and parenting. This research work has shown a correlation between socio-political measures and the transition of children under two years of age from childhood home into day care. Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin Masterarbeit Universität Graz 2023

Published
2023

41. Einfluss von Formulierung, Prozesstechnologie und Lagerung auf Anthocyane, Proteine und deren Interaktionen in komplexen Systemen

Author

Stübler, Anna-Sophie, Rauh, Cornelia, Technische Universität Berlin, Toepfl, Stefan, and Shpigelman, Avi

Subjects
ddc:629
Abstract

This doctoral thesis aimed to understand the effects of formulation and alternative (PEF, HPP) compared to traditional thermal processing on complex food systems, focusing on the stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins and proteins. It was hypothesized that targeted formulation of food systems consisting of an anthocyanin-rich matrix (strawberry), and a relatively protein-rich matrix (kale), treated with selected processing technologies (thermal, PEF, HPP) resulting in a minimum 5-log microbial reduction can lead to a different extent of interactions between the polyphenols and proteins and can affect the stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins and proteins after the treatment and during refrigerated storage. For an enhanced mechanistic understanding of the results in the complex system, a concise study on a model system containing anthocyanins and a purified protein treated with the processing technologies was conducted. Different formulations of strawberries and kale exhibited a significant effect on the stability of anthocyanins and proteins. This was reflected in reduced amounts of free anthocyanins in the mixed strawberry-kale system, compared to the single strawberry system, suggesting interactions with compounds of the kale matrix, in particular with the present protein. As a result of these interactions, the antioxidant capacity of the formulations also decreased. Thus, the combination of anthocyanins, but possibly also other polyphenols, and proteins in the investigated systems resulted in the formation of insoluble complexes and increased particle size. During refrigerated storage, accelerated degradation was observed in the complex strawberry-kale system. This could be partially explained by an increased activity of oxidative enzymes, such as polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase, originating from the kale matrix. The processing technologies, or rather their processing effect, can be classified based on their thermal load: thermal, having the highest thermal load, followed by PEF having a medium thermal load, and finally, HPP where the thermal load is considered marginal. After thermal and PEF treatments, anthocyanins and antioxidant contents showed an apparent increase, while the content of soluble protein decreased at the selected processing intensities. The temperature increase during these two treatments, as well as the electroporation effect, might have had an impact on the matrix and present cells, resulting in an improved extraction of such compounds from the food matrix, and their apparent increase in analytical assessment. Similarly, the thermal load might have led to partial or complete denaturation of proteins. The HPP treatment, however, resulted in no major changes of anthocyanins and protein in the complex systems compared to the untreated samples. Furthermore, the thermal treatment resulted in stronger interactions between anthocyanins and protein-rich matrix in the complex systems. In the model systems, the increased interactions between anthocyanins and proteins were observed after thermal and PEF treatment probably due to a modified protein conformation and the exposure of reactive groups. Increased degradation during storage in the strawberry-kale system was observed after thermal treatment compared to PEF and HPP processing. The thermal load plays a significant role in the interactions of anthocyanins and their stability during processing, as well as during storage. Within the bioaccessibility assessment, a release of antioxidants during the in-vitro digestion was suggested for any of the systems independent of the processing technologies. Anthocyanins were stable during the gastric phase but significantly decreased during the intestinal phase. This was associated with their pH value dependent structure and stability. In addition, the gastric bioaccessibility of anthocyanins was significantly higher after thermal and PEF treatment, compared to HPP treatment and untreated sample, while the formulation had no impact on gastric bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. The intestinal bioaccessibility was low for any of the investigated formulations or processing technologies. However, it further decreased during storage, probably due to the polymerization of anthocyanins. Ziel der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit war die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Formulierung und der alternativen und traditionellen Verarbeitungstechnologien auf komplexe Lebensmittelsysteme mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der Stabilität und Bioverfügbarkeit von Anthocyanen und Proteinen. Gezielt formulierte Lebensmittelsysteme, bestehend aus einer anthocyanreichen Matrix (Erdbeere) und einer relativ proteinreichen Matrix (Grünkohl) und deren Behandlung mit den verschiedenen Verarbeitungstechnologien (thermisch, PEF und HPP) können zu einem unterschiedlichen Ausmaß an Anthocyan-Protein Interaktionen führen und die Stabilität und Bioverfügbarkeit von Anthocyanen und Proteinen nach der Behandlung und während der gekühlten Lagerung beeinflussen. Um den Mechanismus hinter den beobachteten Ergebnissen besser zu verstehen, wurde zusätzlich eine Studie in einem Modellsystem mit Anthocyanen und einem gereinigten Protein durchgeführt. Verschiedene Formulierungen zeigten einen signifikanten Effekt auf die Stabilität von Anthocyanen und Proteinen. Dies spiegelte sich in reduzierten Mengen an freien Anthocyanen im gemischten Erdbeer-Grünkohl System im Vergleich zum einzelnen Erdbeersystem wider, was auf Wechselwirkungen von Anthocyanen mit der Grünkohlmatrix, insbesondere mit den darin enthaltenen Proteinen, schließen lässt. Infolge dieser Wechselwirkungen nahm auch die antioxidative Kapazität der Formulierungen ab. So führte die Kombination von Anthocyanen, aber möglicherweise auch anderen Polyphenolen und Proteinen in den untersuchten Systemen zur Bildung von unlöslichen Komplexen und zu einer erhöhten Partikelgröße. Während der gekühlten Lagerung wurde im komplexen Erdbeer-Grünkohl System ein beschleunigter Abbau beobachtet. Dies konnte teilweise durch eine erhöhte Aktivität oxidativer Enzyme, wie Polyphenoloxidase und Peroxidase, erklärt werden. Die Verarbeitungstechnologien, bzw. deren Verarbeitungseffekt, können anhand ihrer thermischen Belastung klassifiziert werden: thermische Behandlung, mit der höchsten thermischen Belastung, gefolgt von PEF mit einer mittleren thermischen Belastung und schließlich HPP, wo die thermische Belastung als marginal angesehen werden kann. Nach der thermischen und PEF Behandlung zeigten die Gehalte an Anthocyanen und Antioxidantien einen scheinbaren Anstieg, während der Gehalt an löslichem Protein bei den gewählten Verarbeitungsintensitäten abnahm. Die Temperaturerhöhung während dieser beiden Behandlungen sowie der Effekt der Elektroporation für PEF hatten einen Einfluss auf die Matrix und die Zellen, was zu einer verbesserten Extraktion der Anthocyane aus der Lebensmittelmatrix und ihrer scheinbaren Erhöhung bei der analytischen Bewertung führte. In ähnlicher Weise könnte die thermische Energie zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Denaturierung von Proteinen geführt haben. Die HPP Behandlung führte jedoch zu keinen wesentlichen Veränderungen der Anthocyane und Proteine in den komplexen Systemen im Vergleich zu den unbehandelten Proben. Darüber hinaus führte die thermische Behandlung zu stärkeren Wechselwirkungen zwischen Anthocyanen und Proteinen und zum verstärkten Abbau während der Lagerung im Erdbeer-Grünkohl System im Vergleich zur PEF und HPP Behandlung. Offensichtlich spielt die thermische Belastung eine bedeutende Rolle für die Wechselwirkungen der Anthocyane und ihrer Stabilität während der Verarbeitung sowie der Lagerung. Im Rahmen der Bewertung der Bioverfügbarkeit wurde eine Freisetzung von Antioxidantien während der in-vitro Verdauung für jedes der Systeme unabhängig von den Verarbeitungstechnologien beobachtet. Die Anthocyane waren während der gastrischen Phase stabil, nahmen aber während der intestinalen Phase signifikant ab. Dies wurde durch ihre pH-Wert-abhängige Struktur und Stabilität erklärt. Darüber hinaus war die gastrische Bioverfügbarkeit der Anthocyane nach thermischer und PEF Behandlung signifikant höher als nach der HPP Behandlung. Die Formulierung hatte jedoch keinen Einfluss auf die gastrische Bioverfügbarkeit von Anthocyanen. Die intestinale Bioverfügbarkeit war unabhängig der untersuchten Formulierungen oder Verarbeitungstechnologien gering. Diese nahm zusätzlich während der Lagerung weiter ab, wahrscheinlich aufgrund der Polymerisation der Anthocyane.

Published
2022

44. Preparation, characterization, and physical stability of cocoa butter and tristearin nanoparticles containing β-carotene

Author

Hanna Salminen, Jochen Weiss, and Anna-Sophie Stübler

Subjects
food.ingredient, medicine.medical_treatment, Saponin, Nanoparticle, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Lecithin, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, food, Pulmonary surfactant, Solid lipid nanoparticle, medicine, Food science, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Carotene, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Quillaja, Particle, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as a potential delivery system for bioactive ingredients, as they are associated with improving the stability of incorporated bioactive components by preventing their diffusion to the particle surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of carrier lipid composition and surfactant type on the physical stability and thermal behavior of SLN containing β-carotene. As carrier lipids we used cocoa butter and/or tristearin and as surfactants we used Quillaja saponin extract in a combination with high- or low-melting lecithin. All the ingredients were food-grade. The results showed that all the SLN were physically stable and had a particle diameter Quillaja saponins and low-melting lecithin as emulsifier, which showed slightly increased particle sizes during storage due to polymorphic transition. In general, this study indicated that the introduction of heterogenous lipids can improve the physical stability of the SLN due to the more random crystal structures formed. Moreover, the polymorphic stability is dependent on the surfactants applied. These results are of interest for manufacturers in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and personal care industries using cocoa butter or any lipid blend to enrich their products with bioactive components.

Published
2020
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45. Digestibility, antioxidative activity and stability of plant protein-rich products after processing and formulation with polyphenol-rich juices: kale and kale–strawberry as a model

Author

Uri Lesmes, Anna-Sophie Stübler, Volker Heinz, Kemal Aganovic, Cornelia Rauh, and Avi Shpigelman

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Antioxidant, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, food and beverages, Regulation of gastric function, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, In vitro digestion, 040401 food science, Biochemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Plant protein, Polyphenol, medicine, Physical stability, Food science, Digestion, Protein solubility, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Protein–polyphenol interactions can possibly be affected by processing and modifying the product stability, the digestive fate and stability during shelf-life of proteins and polyphenols. In this study, the combined effects of the addition of a polyphenol-rich matrix (strawberry) and the preservation technology (thermal, PEF, HPP) on kale juice (K), as model for a protein-rich vegetable juice, on the techno-functional and antioxidant properties were investigated before and during in vitro digestion. While the different processing did not affect the protein and physical stability of kale juice, combination with strawberry (KS) strongly reduced protein solubility and physical stability, likely due to the protein–polyphenol interactions in a processing-dependent manner. Kale proteins were easily digestible with full digestion within 30 min gastric phase. During digestion, the antioxidant capacity of K and KS increased, likely indicative of the release of soluble, antioxidative compounds, yet it was not significantly influenced by different preservation treatments.

Published
2019
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46. Sexuelle Erfahrungen und sexuelle Orientierung von Transgender-Jugendlichen

Author

Inga Becker-Hebly and Marie Louise Stübler

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Reproductive Medicine, Political science, medicine, General Psychology
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Eine körpermedizinische Behandlung bei erwachsenen Transgender-Personen steht mit positiven Ergebnissen bezüglich der sexuellen Zufriedenheit in Zusammenhang sowie im Jugendalter mit einem verbesserten psychosozialen Wohlbefinden. Dennoch gibt es bisher nur eine Studie, die die sexuellen und romantischen Erfahrungen von Transgender-Jugendlichen vor Beginn einer solchen Behandlung untersucht hat. Forschungsziele Ziel war es, das Sexualverhalten von unbehandelten Transgender-Jugendlichen, die in der Hamburger Spezialsprechstunde die Diagnose Geschlechtsdysphorie erhalten hatten, zu untersuchen. Methoden Es wurden die Häufigkeitsangaben zu sexuellen Erfahrungen aus den Fragebogen-Sets von n = 126 unbehandelten Transgender-Jugendlichen im Alter von 15.6 Jahren deskriptiv ausgewertet. Dabei wurde zudem nach Geschlecht und Altersgruppen unterschieden sowie nach dem Ausmaß der sozialen Transition. Ergebnisse Während die Mehrzahl der befragten Jugendlichen schon einmal verliebt (85 %) bzw. in einer festen Partnerschaft (65 %) war und etwa die Hälfte der Befragten sexuelle Fantasien und Masturbation berichtete, waren sie in den körperlich-sexuellen und Partner*innen-assoziierten Erfahrungsbereichen weniger erfahren. Weniger als die Hälfte (44 %) berichtete von intimen sexuellen Erfahrungen mit anderen Jugendlichen oder Geschlechtsverkehr (knapp 14 %). Ältere Jugendliche (15–18 Jahre) und jene, die bereits eine soziale Transition vollzogen hatten, machten vergleichsweise mehr sexuelle Erfahrungen als jüngere Jugendliche (11–14 Jahre) oder jene, die überwiegend in der Rolle des Zuweisungsgeschlechts lebten. Schlussfolgerung Die befragten Transgender-Jugendlichen machten nicht die sexuell-körperlichen Partner*innen-assoziierten Erfahrungen, die andere Jugendliche im gleichen Alter machen. Dieser Befund verweist auf die mögliche Bedeutung einer Transition im Jugendalter für die psychosexuelle Entwicklung. Ebenso verweist er auf die Bedeutung des Schutzraums einer psychosozialen Beratung oder Therapie für Transgender-Jugendliche, um sexualitätsbezogene Themen bei Bedarf besprechen zu können.

Published
2019
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47. Shockwave processing of beef brisket in conjunction with sous vide cooking: Effects on protein structural characteristics and muscle microstructure

Author

Lovedeep Kaur, Feng Ming Chian, Michael J. Boland, Olivier Loison, Suzanne M. Hodgkinson, Annie Venien, Anna-Sophie Stübler, Thierry Astruc, Kemal Aganovic, Massey University, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Institute of Food Technologies, and Riddet CoRE (New Zealand) INRAE (France)

Subjects
Thermal denaturation, Meat, Materials science, Histology, Muscle structures, Sous vide, Meat Proteins, Muscle Proteins, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Molecular size, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thermal stability, Cooking, Connective Tissue Proteins, Hydrodynamic pressure processing, 2. Zero hunger, 010401 analytical chemistry, Temperature, food and beverages, FT-IR microspectrometry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Microstructure, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Biophysics, Cattle, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Transmission electron microscopy, Food Science, Low-temperature long-time cooking
Abstract

International audience; We studied the effect of shockwave processing and subsequent sous vide cooking on meat proteins (molecular size and thermal stability) and muscle structures (molecular, microand ultrastructure). Beef briskets were subjected to shockwave (11 kJ/pulse) and were sous vide-cooked at 60 degrees C for 12 h. Shockwave processing alone decreased the enthalpy and thermal denaturation temperature of the connective tissue proteins (second peak in the DSC thermogram, p < 0.05) compared to the control raw samples, while the protein gel electrophoresis profile remained unaffected. It led to disorganisation of the sarcomere structure and also modified the protein secondary structure. More severe muscle fibre coagulation and denaturation were observed in the shockwavetreated cooked meat compared to the cooked control. The results show that shockwave processing, with and without sous vide cooking, promotes structural changes in meat, and thus may have the potential to improve the organoleptic quality of the tough meat cuts.

Published
2021
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