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We fabricate three-terminal hybrid devices consisting of a semiconductor nanowire segment proximitized by a grounded superconductor and having tunnel probe contacts on both sides. By performing simultaneous tunneling measurements, we identify delocalized states, which can be observed from both ends, and states localized near one of the tunnel barriers. The delocalized states can be traced from zero magnetic field to fields beyond 0.5 T. Within the regime that supports delocalized states, we search for correlated low-energy features consistent with the presence of Majorana zero modes. While both sides of the device exhibit ubiquitous low-energy features at high fields, no correlation is inferred. Simulations using a one-dimensional effective model suggest that the delocalized states, which extend throughout the whole system, have large characteristic wave vectors, while the lower momentum states expected to give rise to Majorana physics are localized by disorder. To avoid such localization and realize Majorana zero modes, disorder needs to be reduced significantly. We propose a method for estimating the disorder strength based on analyzing the level spacing between delocalized states.

Michelle M Holmes,1,2 Sabina Stanescu,2 Felicity L Bishop2 1AECC University College, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK; 2Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UKCorrespondence: Michelle M HolmesAECC University College, Bournemouth, Dorset, UKTel +441202436252Email mholmes@aecc.ac.ukAbstract: Long-term conditions are a major public health concern that present many challenges for patients living with them. There is increasing policy focus on promoting patient self-management and supporting patients to take ownership of managing their conditions. Because long term conditions often fluctuate over time, ongoing monitoring of disease activity is necessary for self-management; this can be achieved through using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). PROMs can provide additional information about patients’ symptoms, functioning, and emotional wellbeing, informing clinical care for patients. Measurement systems are an innovative method to gather and report PROMs throughout a patient’s course of care, to support clinical practice and improve overall quality of care. Measurement systems are often delivered via a digital platform, which can convey patient-reported information to healthcare professionals and provide tailored self-management advice to patients, all based on information collected via PROMs. There are a number of potential benefits of this approach to self-management. Measurement systems can improve clinical practice, creating efficient clinical encounters and positively influencing patient-clinician interactions. The use of monitoring throughout a patient’s care is also thought to empower patients, by improving their knowledge of their condition, increasing their engagement with their health, and influencing their overall management of their condition. Challenges associated with using measurement systems in this way include finding appropriate PROMs, provisioning of suitable technology, and limiting the burden for patients. To increase the implementation of measurement systems into practice it is important to consider how to engage and educate healthcare professionals and patients to empower their use. Overall, adopting measurement systems into clinical practice may improve clinicians’ ability to support patient self-management of long-term conditions.Keywords: chronic disease, patient outcome assessment, patient reported outcome measures, self-management

This article discusses the importance of including young people in decision-making processes that affect their health and well-being. It highlights the challenges of traditional public consultations and the lack of engagement with young people. The article presents a longitudinal qualitative research study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which aimed to facilitate meaningful knowledge exchange between young people and local government organizations. The study used methods such as online focus group discussions and regular feedback sessions with policy makers. It emphasizes the importance of building trust and rapport, collecting high-quality data, and interpreting the data to provide meaningful insights. The article concludes by suggesting that longitudinal research techniques and skills can facilitate the meaningful engagement of young people in decision-making processes. [Extracted from the article]

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We demonstrate on prototypical samples containing a ferroelectric layer (BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3) that the efficiency of the system, used as photoanode, substantially depends on the polarization state of the ferroelectric layer. We show a significant increase of the photocurrent by a factor larger than 2 when the BaTiO3 film is downward polarized. We explain this finding by the presence of an internal electric field which favors the separation of photo-generated charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]