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Vasitis is inflammation of the vas deferens, which can be divided into acute inflammatory vasitis or chronic vasitis nodosa. Acute vasitis can present with inguinal pain, swelling, or a lump, which could mimic other common pathologies occurring at this site, particularly inguinal hernia. While ultrasound is effective in the diagnosis of epididymitis, orchitis, and hernia, this case illustrates the importance of cross-sectional imaging to establish the correct diagnosis of vasitis, to aid in the prevention of unnecessary surgical exploration and to expedite antibiotic treatment. Previous surgical intervention to the prostate is the leading risk factor for vasitis and should be taken into consideration when making a differential diagnosis and determining which image modality to use. Here, we present a case of vasitis in a 60-year-old male with previous Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), with an initial diagnosis of inguinal hernia on ultrasound which was later diagnosed as acute vasitis on CT.

Background. A digital twin is essentially a digital copy of an object, which, thanks to the continuous exchange of data with the object, reproduces its current state. This is achieved by using a mathematical model as the mathematical core of the digital twin, based on the real behavior of the object, the parameters of which are updated in accordance with the current information received from the object. To build models of systems of various physical and chemical natures, the authors proposed a method for mathematical prototyping of energy processes, based on the methods of modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics, mechanics, and electrodynamics. Due to this, the mentioned method provides models of the dynamics of processes in a system that do not contradict general physical laws, as well as the peculiarities of the course of processes in a specific physical or chemical system. Then the resulting models are converted to models of systems applicable to solve practical problems, up to constant coefficients determined from experimental data. However, the relevant issue here is the choice of basis in which the transformed model of the system under consideration is built and the choice of training algorithm for the proposed model. This work is devoted to solving the above questions. Matherials and methods. The synthesis of equations for the dynamics of physical and chemical processes is carried out on the basis of the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes. Transformed models are built by qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the system in various modes of its operation, followed by analysis of the relationships between the parameters of its dynamics and the parameters of input influences with the further construction of an interpolation transformed model. Interpolation methods are selected based on the abovementioned results of qualitative analysis. Results. The proposed concept of constructing system models provides correct models of the system that incorporate its qualitative behavior. This ensures the correctness of the mathematical core of digital twins when operating systems in various operating modes of the system for which the above-mentioned digital twins are built. Conclusions. The proposed concept of the software part of digital twins has a wide range of application due to the breadth of areas of applicability of the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes.

The implementation of advanced digital, intelligent production technologies and robotic systems contributes to the achievement of the goal set for the agro-industrial complex for transition to a highly productive, environmentally friendly agricultural economy. Taking this into account, as well as the global trends in the development of unmanned mobile vehicles, three conceptual models for the development of unmanned mobile power tools are proposed: the creation of universal unmanned mobile vehicles of various traction classes and power based on commercially available tractors (conceptual model A), the creation of universal unmanned low-power mobile devices working in groups (conceptual model B) and the creation of energy modules (conceptual model C). In order to determine further prospects for their use, theoretical studies have been carried out on the issue of evaluating the productivity of agricultural aggregates in combination with unmanned mobile vehicles of the proposed conceptual models. The research was carried out on the basis of existing well-known methods and formulas for determining productivity. The analysis of factors affecting the productivity of an agricultural unit during field operations shows that when using unmanned mobile vehicles, an increase in the productivity of the unit can be ensured by increasing the utilization factor of the width of the grip and the time of main work by eliminating the time spent on rest and personal needs of the operator, reducing the time spent when turning the unit at the end of the rut. The developed methodological approaches to the issue of calculating the productivity of agricultural aggregates in combination with unmanned mobile agricultural vehicles made it possible to assess the increase in the productivity of aggregates using unmanned mobile means of the proposed conceptual models. The use of unmanned mobile vehicles of the considered conceptual models can increase the replaceable productivity of units for continuous cultivation compared with traditional manned tractors by a level from 3 to 24 %.

Abstract Amyloid polymorphism is a hallmark of almost all amyloid species, yet the mechanisms underlying the formation of amyloid polymorphs and their complex architectures remain elusive. Commonly, two main mesoscopic topologies are found in amyloid polymorphs characterized by non‐zero Gaussian and mean curvatures: twisted ribbons and helical fibrils, respectively. Here, a rich heterogeneity of configurations is demonstrated on insulin amyloid fibrils, where protofilament packing can occur, besides the common polymorphs, also in a combined mode forming mixed‐curvature polymorphs. Through AFM statistical analysis, an extended array of heterogeneous architectures that are rationalized by mesoscopic theoretical arguments are identified. Notably, an unusual fibrillization pathway is also unraveled toward mixed‐curvature polymorphs via the widespread recruitment and intertwining of protofilaments and protofibrils. The results present an original view of amyloid polymorphism and advance the fundamental understanding of the fibrillization mechanism from single protofilaments into mature amyloid fibrils.

Sustainable development of agricultural production is a key factor in ensuring food security and growth of the country's export potential. One of the main reserves for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the involvement of fallow lands in agricultural industry, which is associated with the problem of technical and technological support for these works. The purpose of the work is to intensify the process of involving fallow lands in agriculture by developing a program of technical and technological support for this type of works, aimed at creating and accelerated implementation of a system of specialized machines. The authors systematized technologies and complexes of technical means, used in the involvement of fallow lands in crop production, depending on the stages of wild species overgrowth. For active involvement of fallow lands in agriculture, it is proposed to create a network of regional machine-technological stations equipped with modern domestic specialized equipment, providing services in removal of woody and shrubby vegetation and in initial tillage to agricultural producers in regions. The program assumes the development and organization of mass production of modern equipment for the involvement of fallow lands in agriculture, as well as implementation of a set of support measures aimed at accelerated technical equipment of machine-technological stations. Such an approach should make it possible for small and medium-sized agricultural producers to use financially affordable machinery services to involve fallow lands in agriculture, eliminating the need for its acquisition and maintenance, hiring and training of additional stuff. The implementation of the proposed program should allow agricultural producers to involve fallow lands in agricultural production with minimal costs, at the same time ensuring high growth rates of acreage and agricultural production volumes.

The article emphasises that in the context of the significant impact of information on society, one of the main threats faced by modern states is information. It is noted that the phenomenon of the State interests embodies the interconnection of public interests and the specifics of their implementation by public authorities established at the regulatory, legal, organisational and administrative levels, taking into account the economic, social, political, diplomatic, security and information foundations of the State's vital activity. For the purpose of more comprehensive understanding of the main threats to the interests of the state in the field of information security of Ukraine, the following threats are identified: the use of information influence to distort political opinion and attitudes of the population to certain phenomena, processes, public authorities, political forces and individuals; imperfect regulatory and legal support for the information security of the state; deliberate distortion of information at the level of state leaders and diplomatic representatives and their negative impact on the opinion of the international community; insufficient participation of the Ukrainian population in countering information attacks; insufficient institutional and organisational support for information security education and the formation of an information security culture in society. In order to eliminate the above threats, it is proposed to: develop a comprehensive legal act on the principles of information security of Ukraine, which would consolidate real and potential threats to information security, the foundations of the State policy in the field of information security, in particular under martial law, which would facilitate further development of this area, consistency of certain by-laws and regulations that partially regulate this area and lay down a strategic vision of its development; use the potential of modern information technologies in the process of disseminating information about real problems and needs at the grassroots level; convey to the international community the real, not artificially formed, moods and ideas of the population regarding certain problems related to patriotism and loyalty to the state; introduce information security education, which allows equipping the population with a set of necessary knowledge about the basics of critical thinking, information hygiene and media security; In order to eliminate the above threats, it is proposed to: develop a culture of information security by developing national strategies that would cover a set of educational, ideological, cultural activities, as well as different categories of the population, for example, developing a system of professional development for public servants, teaching certain disciplines for students of higher education institutions and holding classes, competitions, tournaments for students of general secondary education institutions.

A comprehensive study of the Kyzyk-Chadr porphyry copper deposit included determination of the composition and spatial distribution of trace elements in ore-forming sulfide minerals over the ore-hosting rock volume. The study was carried out using the mass spectrometric analysis with laser ablation of the analyzed material. Steady qualitative and quantitative elements of a “hidden” mineralogical and geochemical zonality have been identified, that are expressed in variations in the concentration of trace elements and their ratios in pyrites and chalcopyrites over the volume of the ore-bearing porphyry copper stockwork. The identified regularities correlate with the established centrifugal vector and concentric pattern of the mineralogical ore-metasomatic zonality of the ore deposit.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a malignant cartilage neoplasm usually encountered in the proximal extremities. We report the case of a 58-year-old male who presented initially with a 3-month history of cough. Initial staging demonstrated a right upper lobe mass with bilateral pulmonary nodules and moderate tracer uptake in the right lung mass and right groin on positron emission tomography imaging. Endobronchial ultrasound biopsy confirmed a histological diagnosis of EMC for which the patient underwent right upper lobe wedge resection. Pelvic MRI revealed a peripherally enhancing juxta-articular lesion within the region of the right obturator externus bursa, which was thought initially to represent either a ganglion or paralabral cyst. However, ultrasound-guided biopsy yielded identical histology to the resected lung mass leading to the diagnosis of primary EMC in the right groin with pulmonary metastases. The patient underwent surgical excision of the right groin mass with no local recurrence on the surveillance computed tomography at 5, 12, and 18 months but eventual disease recurrence in the right groin and further progression of the pulmonary metastases at 29 months. We emphasize that the contrast enhancement pattern of EMC can mimic a benign cystic lesion, in particular, when in a juxta-articular location, which has the potential to mislead radiologists and delay diagnosis and definitive treatment.

Background. Solving practical problems (design and operation of systems) implies the construction of mathematical models of systems. For mathematical modeling of systems of various physical and chemical natures, the authors proposed a method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes, based on modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics, mechanics and electrodynamics. The mentioned method provides adequate models of systems, i.e. that do not contradict general physical laws, as well as the peculiarities of processes in a particular system. However, to determine the controlled parameters of a system from its measured parameters from a system of differential equations obtained by the method of mathematical prototyping, it is necessary to solve the very labor-intensive task of identifying a large number of parameters of these equations. One of the ways to combat the complexity of the mentioned identification problems is the use of interpolation methods, which determines the relevance of the task of developing a methodology for constructing system models by mathematical prototyping of energy processes using interpolation methods. Matherials and methods. To synthesize equations for the dynamics of physical and chemical processes, the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes is used. In order to simplify the identification of the parameters of equations obtained by the method of mathematical prototyping, special methods for integrating systems of differential equations are used, reducing the integration of differential equations to solving algebraic equations. In order to simplify the solution of the resulting algebraic equations, interpolation methods are used. To determine the constant coefficients of the resulting model from experimental data, methods of identification theory are used. Results. The system model constructed by the methods proposed in this article is correct, i.e. does not contradict general physical laws and incorporates the peculiarities of the processes in a particular system. Also, model training is block-by-block and can be reduced to linear identification, which makes it possible to process experimental data as it arrives. Conclusions. The proposed architecture of transformed system models makes it possible to use the resulting models as part of the mathematical core of digital twins. The architectural features of the proposed models make it possible to passively identify them.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare and challenging type of stroke. Coexistence of subarachnoid hemorrhage adds complexity to the diagnostic process leading to a missed or delayed diagnosis. Isolated headaches can be the only presentation and urgent neuroimaging using CT or MR venogram plays a pivotal role in the workup of these cases. We report a rare case of 64-years-old patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage and underlying cerebral venous sinus thrombosis who was presented with isolated headache where the management is different from arterial subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The key issue of the article is to determine readiness of HEIs to implement artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies for personalization of students’ individual educational trajectories (hereinafter – IET). In case of compliance of HEIs with the proposed groups of factors, including developed information architecture, there is an opportunity to use multidimensional structured and unstructured data more technologically to improve various types of university activities. High-tech marketing analytical tools facilitate the collection of contextual data and insights into various processes within university, as well as in-depth analysis of learners’ digital footprints. Methods of machine learning, predictive analytics, and modern generative neural networks allow to create recommendation services, with the help of which individual educational trajectories are formed by machine intelligence, simultaneously considering hundreds of parameters. Beyond the tasks of IET formation, machine intelligence can successfully solve tasks for other stakeholders of the university such as professors, researchers, and administration.

Regional-scale localization conditions of the Kyzyk-Chadr molybdenum-copper porphyry ore field in the southern folded frame of the Siberian Platform are considered. The porphyry mineralization of the field formed at the Salairian (Early Caledonian) phase of development of the Altai-Sayan segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), in connection with small intrusions of the gabbro-diorite-granodiorite-granite Kyzykchadr Complex (Є2–3). The formation of the ore-bearing complex was associated with an accretional-collisional magmatic belt superimposed on a Vendian–Early Cambrian volcanic-sedimentary island-arc substrate. The complex is only known within the local Ozhu uplifted block with a “batholitic” massif of the gabbro-tonalite-plagiogranite Tannu-Ola Complex (Є2), but it is suggested that there could existed some analogous accretional-collisional Cambrian intrusions productive for Mo-Cu porphyry mineralization in some other areas, that were later overlapped by Ordovician–Silurian and Early Devonian volcanosedimentary deposits or broken by intrusive massifs of the Caledonian collisional volcano-plutonic belt. The rocks of the Salairian and Caledonian magmatic belts were deformed during subsequent geotectonic stages, primarily the Late Paleozoic collision, and overlain by younger sedimentary deposits. The position of economic-grade Mo and Mo-Cu porphyry deposits in the southern Altai-Sayan segment of the CAOB is assumed to be confined to areas of spatial superposition (overlapping) of magmatic belts of the three geotectonic stages: 1) island-arc volcanic belts (V–Є1), 2) “batholithic” intrusions and small intrusions of the magmatic belt of the accretional-collisional stage (Є2–3), 3) the collisional volcano-plutonic belt (O–D1).

Recently, there has been significant interest in applying machine-learning (ML) techniques to the automated analysis of X-ray scattering experiments, due to the increasing speed and size at which datasets are generated. ML-based analysis presents an important opportunity to establish a closed-loop feedback system, enabling monitoring and real-time decision-making based on online data analysis. In this study, the incorporation of a combined one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron that is trained to extract physical thin-film parameters (thickness, density, roughness) and capable of taking into account prior knowledge is described. ML-based online analysis results are processed in a closed-loop workflow for X-ray reflectometry (XRR), using the growth of organic thin films as an example. Our focus lies on the beamline integration of ML-based online data analysis and closed-loop feedback. Our data demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of ML methods for analyzing XRR curves and Bragg reflections and its autonomous control over a vacuum deposition setup.

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women in Russia and in most countries in the world (Lima et al. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38 100985). According to an analysis of the incidence and mortality from 36 cancers in 185 countries (Sung et al. CA Cancer J Clin 2021. 3 209-249) in 2020, 2261419 new cases of breast cancer were identified in the world in both sexes, which is accounted for 11.7% of the total cancer incidence. Mortality from breast cancer in 2020 amounted to 684996 cases. Patients with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders experience more severe symptoms, have longer recovery time, use more healthcare resources and have poorer outcome compare to those with cancer alone (Katon et al. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007; 2 147-155). Objectives Analytical review of data on the impact of depressive spectrum disorders as comorbid conditions on the survival of breast cancer patients and their quality of life. Methods The following databases were searched for publications: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Science Citation Index/Social Sciences Citation Index, Cochrane Evidence Based Medicine database. The searches were limited to English language and studies with more than 100 subjects with diagnosed breast cancer where this information was mentioned. The analyzed period is between 1977 and 2018. Results The reported prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients, according to researches, varies 4,5 to 38%. In patients with I-III stage breast cancer depression increased hazards of all-cause mortality by 50% compared to non-depressed patients. Stage-specific analyses demonstrated a 2–2.5 fold increase in breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in patients with stage I and II disease (Vodermaier et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 2 373-384.). Women with non-metastatic breast cancer who report mild to moderate depressive symptoms in the weeks after surgery have approximately 2.5 times greater risk of death 8–15 years later than women who report little or no depressive symptoms post-surgery (Antoni et al. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 44 16-21). Depression in advanced cancer not only reduces quality of life but is also an independent predictor of poorer survival (Lloyd-Williams et al. J Affect Disord 2009; 113 127-132.). Conclusions Depression and anxiety both have adverse effects on recurrence and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer. Untreated depression leads to significant increase in incidence and mortality. Depression can debut at any stage of cancer, including the stage of diagnosis. It proves the necessity for affective disorders screening in patients with cancer on the stage of diagnosis. Patients with diagnosed affective disorders should be observed not only by oncologist, but also by a psychotherapist in order to receive the necessary treatment to improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of mortality. Disclosure of Interest None Declared