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Here we report a novel ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunosensor based on the flower-like gold nanoparticles (AuNFs) and magnetic bead separation for homogeneous detection of amantadine (AMD) in chicken just by one-step. The 5, 5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoicacid) (DTNB) modified AuNFs and N-(1-adamantyl) ethylenediamine (AEDA) conjugated denatured BSA (AEDA-dBSA) was used as the SERS nanoprobe. And the capture probe was anti-AMD monoclonal antibody (mAbs)-functionalized magnetic beads (MNBs-mAbs). An immunoreaction occurred between free AMD and SERS nanoprobe for competing limited binding sites of MNBs-mAbs. This work combined inherent sensitive property of SERS with antibody-antigen highly specificity recognition for the AMD detection. The analytical results showed that the SERS-based immunosensor was sensitive, simple and reliable with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ng/mL for AMD, which were 2 orders of magnitude better than an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the same immunoreagents. Analysis of AMD-spiked chicken samples revealed that the developed immunosensor provided accepted recoveries ranging from 74.76%-89.34% with coefficient of variation less than 15.04%. This strategy represents a simple, reliable, and universal approach for detection of chemical contaminants in food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactants that are organized self-assembly to form micelles have been widely utilized for detection of several analytes. However, the surfactants only provide a hydrophobic space, which does not involve the molecular recognition process. Here, we report a surfactant-involved colorimetric assay for visual and sensitive detection of fentanyl (FTN), a third-generation new psychoactive substance. It is found that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) simultaneously enhance the halogen-bonding interaction between Rose Bengal (RB) as the probe and FTN as well as stabilize the RB-FTN complex. This molecular recognition induces the intermolecular charge transfer, generating a significant redshift in the absorption band of RB and accompanying a distinct color change from red to purple. This assay possesses an ultrahigh response speed (within 1 min), and the limit of detection is calculated to be as low as 0.1 mg·L−1. It also shows good selectivity and application potential. The recovery rates of real samples are between 92.5% and 110%, suggesting that it is suitable for rapid and accurate analysis of food samples such as mineral water, orange juice and cocktail. The current strategy can be further exploited in surfactant enhanced detection applications for other substances. • A new surfactant-involved colorimetric detection strategy is proposed for visual detection of fentanyl (FTN). • The limit of detection of this assay for FTN is down to 0.1 mg·L−1. • This assay allows for accurate analysis of FTN in food samples within 1 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okadaic acid (OA) is a major marine toxin that can cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Because of food safety concerns, simple and reliable field assays are in high demand. Herein, a highly sensitive fluorescent assay for OA in seafood was reported. For this purpose, a duplexed aptamer (DA) based on a conformational change upon binding OA was designed and immobilized on the surface of streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads (SMBs). With the addition of OA, the DAs melted, and ss-aptamers were released into the solution. After magnetic separation, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated isothermal amplification system was formed via a free ss-aptamer acting as a template. This product with a poly(thymine) tail was directly added to a fluorescent copper nanoparticle (CuNP) formation system, and the ultralong consecutive T-rich sequence provided deposition sites for copper. Finally, the OA concentration was determined by recording fluorescence spectra and calculating the intensity change. This duplexed aptamer-isothermal amplification-based nucleic acid CuNP (DAIA-CuNP) sensor can achieve ultrahigh-sensitivity detection of OA compared to LC-MS and electrochemical methods. This DAIA-CuNP sensor can detect OA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 ng/L and a good linear range from 1.0 ng/L to 50.0 μg/L in shellfish extract. Additionally, this method is expected to be compatible with a handheld fluorescence reader and can meet field detection needs. • A simple, sensitive, and novel DAIA-CuNPs sensor was firstly proposed for specifically detecting OA in seafood. • A specific duplexed aptamer based on conformational change for OA was designed. • Single stranded T-rich nucleic acid CuNPs signal output system based on the TdT amplification to improve detection sensitivity. • DAIA-CuNPs sensor had a low LOD and wide linear range for OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA) has been developed as a useful scaffold for appending multiple oligonucleotides (ODNs), and the resulted novel dBSA-ODNs covalent hybrid can be self-assembled to the surface of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) via complexation with unoccupied coordination metal sites on QDs'' surface. The formed QDs/dBSA-ODNs bioconjugate could keep a long-term stability in aqueous solution while maintaining its fluorescence quantum yield and spectral properties. Furthermore, the QDs/dBSA-ODNs also can be readily hybridized with an anti-rHuEPO-α aptamers linked AuNPs (Apt-AuNPs) to form a fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based nano-biosensing system for highly sensitive and selective detection of rHuEPO-α protein lowered to 53.6pM in a rapid, simple manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Here, a simple label-free colorimetric sensing method for organophosphate (OP) nerve agents and pesticide based on catalytic reaction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and the aggregation of lipoic acid (LA) capped AuNPs has been established, which is highly sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) lowered to pM level. In this method, only the AChE hydrolysis product of acetylthiocholine (ATCh), i.e., cationic thiocholine (TCh) can induce the aggregation of LA capped AuNPs along with a distinct color change from red to steel-blue. When OPs as enzyme inhibitors exist, the generation of TCh can be suppressed and the color change of LA capped AuNPs is gradually diminished according to different concentrations of OPs. The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated by sensitive measurement of OP nerve agents and pesticide in a spiked fruit sample with reliable results. This distinct and rapid colorimetric response enables us to readily probe OPs without more technical demand. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fabrication of robust, sensitive and selective biosensors holds much promise, but still facing challenges. Currently, functional polymers have demonstrated their outstanding properties for constructing high performed analysis by integrating with various inorganic nanomaterials. In this review, we start from briefly introducing the typical characters of functional polymers as ligands, and then the commonly used synthesis strategies are summarized to offer valuable guides for constructing polymer/inorganic nanohybrids. Subsequently, we provided some representative polymer/inorganic nano-biosensors with outstanding capacities for in analytical applications and further emphasize the influence of the structures and properties of polymer grafted nanohybrids. Finally, a perspective on the future developments of polymer/inorganic nanohybrid based assays would be proposed, which outline possible direction to be pursued for causing disruptive improvements. We hope this review could help researchers become acclimated with the current status of this field, and inspire more design and construction of assays to satisfy ever increasing real demands. • Functional polymers offer attractive alternatives to engineer nano-sensing interfaces. • Common kinds and integration strategies of polymer on inorganic nanoparticles have been briefly classified and presented. • Current innovations of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids in analytical and sensing are comprehensively introduced. • Research prospects and directions of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids in analytical field are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A sensitive and novel mDAIA-NFF sensor was first proposed for OA detection. • A mismatched duplexed aptamer based on conformational change for OA was designed. • A label-free RCA coupled with ThT can further enhance the detection sensitivity. • This sensor detected OA with a LOD of 3.1 ng/L and showed a good linear range. • The method is compatible with handheld fluorimeters for further great promise. We developed a highly sensitive fluorescent assay to detect okadaic acid (OA), a prevalent aquatic toxin posing serious health risks. Our approach uses a mismatched duplexed aptamer (DA) immobilized on streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads (SMBs) to create a DA@SMB complex. In the presence of OA, the cDNA unwinds, hybridizes with a G-rich segment pre-encoding circular template (CT), and undergoes rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce G-quadruplexes, which are detected using the fluorescent dye thioflavine T (ThT). The method has a LOD of 3.1 × 10-3 ng/mL, a linear range of 0.1 ∼ 1.0 × 103 ng/mL, and was successfully applied to shellfish samples with spiked recoveries of 85.9% ∼ 102.2% and RSD less than 13%. Furthermore, instrumental analysis confirmed the accuracy and reliability of this rapid detection method. Overall, this work represents a significant advancement in the field of rapid aquatic toxin detection and has important implications for public health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Electrostatic self-assembly of CDs@MnO 2 is used to develop a new fluorescent immunoassay. • The fluorescent immunoassay has significantly high sensitivity for the detection of amantadine in chicken.. • The alkaline phosphatase-dependent fluorescent immunoassay has a great potential in food analysis. Abstract Fluorescence immunoassays are rapid, convenient and cost-effective for the sensitive quantitation of chemical contaminants in foodstuff. In this study, a competitive fluorescence ELISA was developed for the sensitive detection of amantadine (AMD) based on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-triggered fluorescence "turn-on" signals. As a fluorescence substrate, carbon dots (CDs) were adsorbed onto the surface of the MnO 2 nanosheets (NSs) and formed a nanoassembly of p-CDs@MnO 2 NSs which results in the fluorescence quench of CDs. The ALP labelled on antibody could catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2-phosphoascorbic acid into ascorbic acid. The latter could then reduce and decompose the MnO 2 NSs, which was accompanied by the release of CDs from the surface of MnO 2 NSs and led to the fluorescence recovery of CDs. The change of the fluorescence intensity is related to the concentration of AMD in solution and thus could be applied to detect AMD in an ALP-based ELISA system. The fluorescent ELISA showed a linear detection for AMD in the range of 0.048 ng mL−1 to 1.1 ng mL−1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.035 ng mL−1. The novel fluorescent ELISA shows potential for the highly sensitive detection of AMD and other analytes in food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of colorimetric chromogenic substrates such as 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), diazoaminobenzene (DAB), and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) have been employed for developing chromogenic reactions. In the present work, we develop a series of chemically initiated electron exchange chromogenic (CIEEC) reaction systems, in which TCPO is oxidized by H 2 O 2 to produce biradical intermediate that further oxidizes chromogenic substrates such as TMB, OPD, DAB, or ABTS in an ethanol-water mixture, inducing an optical absorption and color change. We present a visual colorimetric assay based on the TCPO-H 2 O 2 -TMB CIEEC reaction for detection of hydrophobic fentanyl (FTN) and norfentanyl (NFTN) that are new psychoactive substances and illicit drugs. [Display omitted] • A series of chemically initiated electron exchange chromogenic (CIEEC) reaction systems are proposed. • The CIEEC reaction systems are applied for visual detection of fentanyl (FTN) and norfentanyl (NFTN). • The limit of detection of this assay for FTN and NFTN is down to 2.7 and 2.3 μM. • This assay allows for accurate analysis of FTN and NFTN in human urine samples. Bioenzymes or nanoenzymes-involved aqueous chromogenic systems play a central role in colorimetric analysis. A lack of high and general chromogenic reactions that work in a hydrophobic medium has hampered the development of colorimetric methods for the detection of many hydrophobic analytes. To address this challenge, a series of chemically initiated electron exchange chromogenic (CIEEC) reaction systems are presented that functions in an ethanol–water mixture solvent. The resulting CIEEC systems are based on the oxidation capacity of biradical intermediate produced by the reaction between bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) and H 2 O 2 , and it oxidizes various chromogenic substrates such as 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), o-phenylenediamine, diazoaminobenzene, and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) to create colored products. Taking advantage of the catalytic effect of fentanyl (FTN) and norfentanyl (NFTN), we fabricate a visual colorimetric assay based on the TCPO-H 2 O 2 -TMB CIEEC reaction system, and the resulting sensitivity is comparable to that of the reported colorimetric assays for FTN. Moreover, the present assay is capable of detecting both FTN and NFTN in human urine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early noninvasive screening and regression therapy for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques remain challenging. In this study, it is aimed to develop a new approach for the active targeting of atherosclerotic plaques with nano‐agents to aid imaging and treatment. Biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA)‐guided cerasomes are generated to selectively target CD44‐positive cells within the plaque in in vitro studies and in vivo testing in Apoe−/− mice. Rosuvastatin (RST) is encapsulated in the HA‐guided cerasome nano‐formulation to produce HA‐CC‐RST, which results in significant plaque regression as compared to treatment with the free drug. Moreover, gadodiamide‐loaded HA‐CC enhances magnetic resonance images of vulnerable plaques, thereby attaining the goal of improved simultaneous treatment and imaging. Transcriptomic analysis confirms plaque regression with HA‐CC–RST treatment, which potentially benefits from the anti‐inflammatory effect of RST. In summary, a safe and efficient nano‐formulation for the targeted delivery of active agents to atherosclerotic plaques is developed and may be applicable to other diagnostic and therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer is a porous inorganic material with a three-dimensional mesh structure, good mechanical properties, a simple preparation process (no sintering) and a low economic cost, and it is environmentally friendly. Geopolymer concrete has been widely used in the construction field, and many other studies have revealed that geopolymer will become one of the most promising inorganic materials with unique structure and properties. This paper provides a review of the development and current status of geopolymers and briefly explains the effects of material proportioning, experimental factors and activators on geopolymer performance. Because of the advantages of high specific surface area and high porosity, geopolymers could be used as adsorbent materials. This paper summarizes the research progresses of the adsorption of metal cations, anions, dyes, and gases by geopolymers, which emphasizes the geopolymer membranes in adsorption, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for the development of more efficient, sustainable and practical adsorption protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar membranes, a new type of composite ion exchange membrane, contain an anion exchange layer, a cation exchange layer and an interface layer. The interface layer or junction is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers. Water is dissociated into protons and hydroxide ions at the junction, which provides solutions to many challenges in the chemical, environmental and energy fields. By combining bipolar membranes with electrodialysis technology, acids and bases could be produced with low cost and high efficiency. The interface layer or junction of bipolar membranes (BPMs) is the connection between the anion and cation exchange layers, which the membrane and interface layer modification are vital for improving the performance of BPMs. This paper reviews the effect of modification of a bipolar membrane interface layer on water dissociation efficiency and voltage across the membrane, which divides into three aspects: organic materials, inorganic materials and newly designed materials with multiple components. The structure of the interface layer is also introduced on the performance of bipolar membranes. In addition, the remainder of this review discusses the challenges and opportunities for the development of more efficient, sustainable and practical bipolar membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel IFN-γ aptamers were identified by highly efficient and convenient CE-SELEX within only three rounds. • A cost-effective and practical truncated aptamer was obtained with the aid of molecular simulations. • The developed fiber-optic evanescent wave aptasensor provides a novel methodology for detecting IFN-γ. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a critical indicator of the immune response to many infections and diseases. Identifying excellent IFN-γ recognition molecules is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, anti-IFN-γ aptamers were selected based on capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX) and their affinities were characterized by the biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. A rational molecular docking strategy was utilized to predict precisely the binding behavior between aptamer and IFN-γ and remove redundant bases of original sequence. Therefore, aptamer IFNG-8 with the highest affinity can be efficiently identified within only three rounds and the truncated aptamer IFNG-8 T with comparable affinity is eventually obtained. With IFNG-8 T as the detection probe, a fiber-optic evanescent wave aptasensor is constructed for the detection of IFN-γ, which shows a wide linear range from 0.1 to 10000 pM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0718 pM. The developed aptasensor exhibits high selectivity and can be utilized for IFN-γ detection in human serum samples with good recoveries. In summary, the truncated aptamer can serve as a novel optional transducing element and the developed aptasensor provides an innovative methodology for detection of IFN-γ in trace amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterial with morin modified alumina core and silica shell was prepared. Samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscope. TEM results indicated that this material could be synthesized in nanometer range. PL spectra suggested that this new synthesized material was photostable and it showed nearly no dye leakage. This was because the dye molecules could form stable complex with the reactive aluminum cations on the surfaces of the alumina particles. The excitation and emission maxima of this new luminescent material were located at 420 and 493nm, respectively. This new kind of luminescent nanomaterial was prepared by morin, AlCl3 and tetraethyl orthosilicate, which was very important for the large-scale and economic preparation luminescent nanoparticles because these precursors were inexpensive and the preparation process was convenient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fe 2 O 3 with high theoretical capacity, low cost, and environmental friendliness has been attracted great attention in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which however is limited by low rate capability and fast capacity fading owing to low electronic conductivity, self-aggregation, and sever volume expansion. CNTs with excellent conductivity and unique 3D interconnected network are ideal matrices for composite electrochemical materials, but it is difficult to meet the demand of high capacity. Here, uniform α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles with narrow gap (~1.4 nm) were immobilized on CNTs through N-doped carbon (α-Fe 2 O 3 /CNTs-NC) that can address these issues. As an advanced LIBs anode, the electrode displays unprecedented specific capacity (1173 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g) and outstanding rate behavior (716.4 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g after 1200 cycles), which are even superior to the theoretical capacity (1007 mAh/g) and the performance of most reported Fe 2 O 3 -based anodes. Homogeneous nano-sized α-Fe 2 O 3 with a narrow gap highly shortens the diffusion path for Li+ transport, exposes quite sufficient active sites, and prevents the volume change. Moreover, the 3D backbone of CNTs with a more homogeneously distributed electric field can enhance conductivity, and tightly contact with α-Fe 2 O 3 by NC, then obtain robust structural stability, which boosts LIBs in storage capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon dots-encapsulated calcium carbonate nanospheres are facilely synthesized. • Hapten-labeled MNPs are prepared and used as the nano-carrier for the immunoassay. • Fluorescent immunoassay takes a short assay time and has satisfactory performance. Analytical methods with high sensitivities and short assay times are urgently required for the screening of "zero tolerance" hazardous substances in food. Herein, we propose a fluorescent immunoassay for the highly sensitive and rapid analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) based on carbon dots (CDs)-encapsulated CaCO 3 nanospheres and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The fluorescent immunoprobes were prepared by coupling the anti-CAP antibodies to carboxymethyl cellulose-functional CDs@CaCO 3 nanospheres. Chitosan-modified MNPs with "core–shell" structures were prepared and then conjugated to the CAP hapten, acting as the nano-carrier and interface for the immunoreaction. With the assistance of MNPs, the established fluorescent immunoassay achieved the sensitive detection of CAP in chicken with a limit of detection of 0.03 μg kg−1 and recoveries ranging from 83.7%–105.0%. The analysis results of the fluorescent immunoassay were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, having a correlation coefficient of 0.981. Our work provides a rapid, facile, and reliable strategy for the highly sensitive analysis of food contaminants based on "green" fluorescent nanoprobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Duplex FRET-based immunassay is developed using the CDs and WS 2 nanosheets. • Polyamine coated blue/green emissive CDs are prepared and coupled with the haptens. • The immunoassay achieves the simultaneous detection of AMD and CAP residues. Herein, we proposed a duplex and homogeneous fluorescent immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of amantadine (AMD) and chloramphenicol (CAP) residue in chicken breast with both high sensitivity and short assay time. The immunoassay was based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between hapten-labeled carbon dots (CDs) and antibody-modified WS 2 nanosheets. To achieve the duplex FRET, polyethyleneimine-functionalized blue and green emissive CDs with separated emission were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method and directly coupled with the haptens of AMD and CAP, serving as the energy donors. The antibodies were modified on the surface of WS 2 nanosheets with high quenching efficiency to construct the energy acceptor. The specific immunoreaction could trigger the efficient FRET between the donors and the acceptors, causing the fluorescence quenching of CDs. The developed immunoassay was applied to simultaneously detect AMD and CAP, having the detection limit of 0.10 ng g−1 and 0.06 ng g−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag, surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs), and Bi2MoO6 (BMO) material were rationally combined to construct new oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Ag/Bi2MoO6 (A/BMO‐SOVs) photocatalysts. Their synergistic effect on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4‐nitrophenol under visible‐light irradiation (λ≥420 nm) was also investigated. TEM, EPR, and Raman spectra demonstrate the co‐existence of metallic Ag nanoparticles, surface oxygen vacancies, and Bi2MoO6 due to a controlled calcination process. The experimental results disclose that the 2 %A/BMO‐SOVs‐375 sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of both phenol and 4‐nitrophenol under visible‐light irradiation, achieving nearly 100 and 80 % removal efficiency, respectively, and demonstrated the apparent reaction rate constants (kapp) 183 and 26.5 times, respectively, higher than that of pure Bi2MoO6. The remarkable photodegradation performance of A/BMO‐SOVs for organic substances is attributed to the synergistic effect between the surface oxygen vacancies, metallic Ag nanoparticles, and Bi2MoO6, which not only improves the visible‐light response ability, but also facilitates charge separation. Thus, this work provides an effective strategy for the design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts through integrating surface oxygen vacancies and the surface plasmon resonance effect of nanoparticles, which has the potential for both water treatment and air purification. Let's work together! A new oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Ag/Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was fabricated by a reliable solvothermal process combined with an impregnation–calcination approach. The photocatalyst exhibited excellent visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performances for both phenol and 4‐nitrophenol degradation because of a synergistic effect stemming from the integration of the individual advantages of surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs), metallic Ag nanoparticles, and Bi2MoO6 (BMO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful biological tools for research, diagnostics, and pharmaceuticals. Here, we proposed a new mAb discovery platform named the two-step cell selection method (TCSM) for mAbs production of some small molecule haptens as antibiotic, toxins, and pesticides. The first step was performed by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter to enrich the hapten-specific B cells, the second step was an image-based precise pick of single hapten-specific hybridoma cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In this study, we used tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) as a model analyte, which is a highly lethal neurotoxic rodenticide. The TETS-specific hybridoma cells selection was completed within 10 days by the TCSM, compared with at least 40 days in the traditional hybridoma method (THM). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of the best mAb 1G6 for TETS in the TCSM was 1.98 ng mL-1, and that of mAb 2B6 in the THM was 11.49 ng mL-1. Antibody-TETS recognition also showed more interactions in mAb 1G6 than in mAb 2B6. Then, the mAb 1G6 was then successfully applied to develop an icELISA for TETS in biological samples with satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The results demonstrated that the TCSM was a feasible and efficient method for mAb discovering of poisonous hapten molecules. [Display omitted] • A precise and efficient two-step cell selection method (TCSM) for mAb production was proposed. • A high affinity tetramethylenedisulfotetramine-specific mAb was successfully produced. • MAb has been successfully applied to an immunoassay for detecting TETS in biological samples. • The TCSM is a feasible and efficient method for rare mAb production, especially of toxic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swab sampling for the trace surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of an aromatic dye (e.g., malachite green, MG) residue in fruits as well as fingerprints is promising due to its practical utility and efficiency in food security and forensic science. However, the durability and recyclability of the SERS substrates pose an enormous challenge. In this study, a novel flexible film was constructed by embedding a commercial Ag nanowire suspension into a polydimethylsiloxane film (Ag NWs@PDMS), which simultaneously exhibits SERS activity, durability and recyclability. High SERS performance was still maintained, even against 20 times stretchability, corrosion by HNO 3 , destruction by ultrasonication and a broad working temperature of −20 ℃ to 80 ℃. Excellent recyclability for MG sensing was achieved in ten cycles. Ag NWs@PDMS was successfully used for the quantitative detection of MG in juices of fruits (such as apple and pear) by drop dripping, with a limit of detection of 10 nM and good anti-interference. Meanwhile, the sensitive detection of the MG residue (only 3 ng/cm2) on fruits was enabled by the on-site surface swabbing by recycling for five cycles. Portable detection of the MG residue was further achieved from the 10th fingerprint after successively touching a dye drop onto the functional film combined with a portable Raman spectrometer. [Display omitted] • Ag nanowires were embedded into PDMS as a flexible and durable SERS substrate. • The prominent SERS performance included recyclability, stretchability and anti-corrosion. • The substrate was applied for surface swabbing detection of malachite green residue on fruit. • Portable SERS detection of MG residue was achieved in successive 10 fingerprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precious metal intermetallic nanoclusters (IMNCs) are promising nanocatalysts for practical industrial applications. However, to date, the preparation of these nanoclusters has been restricted to harsh conditions, and only succeeds for a limited number of elements. This study developed a simple and efficient strategy that enables the synthesis of supported IMNCs under ambient conditions via inorganometallic coordination chemistry, specifically, by donating the Cl− ligand, a noble metal chloride (MClab−) forms a heterobimetallic ion (MxFeyClzn−) with the coordination‐unsaturated FeCl3. Upon reduction, the ordered heterobimetallic ions are simultaneously transformed into IMNCs and embedded into γ‐Fe2O3 nanosheets, which form from excess FeCl3. In addition to providing convincing spectral evidence for the structure of the heterobimetallic ions, magnetic measurements, atomic‐resolution electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO collectively confirm the successful preparation of the L10‐phased Pd3Fe IMNCs. Furthermore, this versatile method can be extended to synthesize other IMNCs, such as AuFe and PtFe, and seems to be applicable to IrFe, RhFe, RuFe, and MCo. When utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst in a Heck coupling reaction, the prepared Pd3Fe IMNCs display satisfactory activity and stability, highlighting their potential applications as advantageous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dithiocarbamate-grafted polyurethane (PU) composites were synthesized by anchoring dithiocarbamate (DTC) as a chelating agent to the polyethyleneimine-polydopamine (PE-DA)-functionalized graphene-based PU matrix (PE-DA@GB@PU), as a new adsorbent material for the recovery of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ from industrial effluents. After leaching with acidic media to recover Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, dithiocarbamate-grafted PE-DA@GB@PU (DTC-g-PE-DA@GB@PU) was decomposed and PE-DA@GP was regenerated. The latter was used to recover Pd2+, Pt4+, and Au3+ from the copper leaching residue and anode slime. The present DTC-g-PE-DA@GB@PU and PE-DA@GB@PU composites show high adsorption performance, effective separation, and quick adsorption of the target ions. The morphologies of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and their structures were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of pH values, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration conditions were also studied. An adsorption mechanism was proposed and discussed in terms of the FT-IR results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a reliable solvothermal process combined with an impregnation–calcination approach, an oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Ag/Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was fabricated that was active for both phenol and 4‐nitrophenol degradation. This work provides an effective strategy for the design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts through integrating surface oxygen vacancies and surface plasmon resonance effect of nanoparticles and the potential to water treatment and air purification. For more information, see the Full Paper by F. Fu, D. J. Wang, B. Shao, J. W. Tang et al. on page 18463 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]