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Aim: To analyse the risk factors and incidence of falls in geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China. Methods: From May 2020 to August 2022, 1712 geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China, were screened using a socio‐demographic questionnaire (e.g. gender, age, living arrangement, etc.) and assessment scales. The correlation between each factor and falls was preliminarily analysed by chi‐squared tests. Finally, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to further analyse the risk factors of falls. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study. Results: Of the 1712 geriatric outpatients recruited, 1626 participants (60–79 and ≥ 80 years old) with complete questionnaire and assessment data were included. The occurrence of falls for those in the 60–79 age group was 8.4%, and for those in the ≥80 age group it was 13.4%. Age (p =.007), use of a walking assistance device (p <.001), the Stay Independent Brochure Questionnaire (SIB) (OR = 7.751, 95% CI = 5.089–11.806, p <.001), living arrangement (p =.004), timed up and go test (TUGT) (p =.007) and three diseases or above (OR = 2.496, 95% CI = 1.358–11.4.586, p =.003) reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Older people have a high incidence of falls. In this study, age, disease history, SIB scores (≥4 points), living arrangement, TUGT and walking assistance device increased the probability of falls in older Chinese adults. Personalised interventions should be carried out according to the specific situation of older people to effectively reduce their incidence of falls and improve their quality of life. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The basic characteristics and fall risk factors of the older can help nurses identify fall risk, and early intervention by caregivers can reduce fall‐related injuries, which has practical significance for promoting healthy aging. Patient or Public Contribution: The subjects of this study were older patients ≥60 years old, and the demographic characteristics and fall‐related information of patients were obtained by questionnaire. The team worked closely with a team of experts in the field of health care. Some researchers collect data and rewrite them, while other researchers analyse the information and write a paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot deformation behavior and mechanism of Ti65 alloy with a bimodal microstructure were investigated by isothermal compression experiments conducted on the Thermecmastor-Z simulator equipment at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1110 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 s−1. The Arrhenius constitutive model, based on strain compensation, and Grey Wolf optimization-neural network with back propagation model (GWO–BP), were both established. The differences between the experimental and predicted value of flow stress were compared and analyzed using the two models. The results show that the prediction accuracy of GWO–BP in the two-phase region is higher than that of Arrhenius model. In the single-phase region, both methods demonstrated high prediction accuracy. Compared to the single-phase region, the flow stress of Ti65 alloy shows a higher degree of softening in the two-phase region. During deformation in the two-phase region, the initial lamellar α phase transformed from a kinked and elongated morphology to a globularized topography as the strain rate decreased. Boundary-splitting was the primary mechanism leading to the spheroidization process. The degree of recrystallization increased with the increase in strain rate during the deformation in the single-phase region, while dynamic recovery and strain-induced grain boundary migration were the main deformation mechanisms at a lower strain rate. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization may be the dominant recrystallization mechanism under a high strain rate of 10 s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion No Patient or Public Contribution What is already known What this paper adds Older hospitalised patients have low levels of physical activity and multiple impairing factors.To systematically evaluate the perceived barriers to physical activity among older patients during hospitalisation, and provide reference for future intervention programs.Following ENTREQ, do a systematic evaluation and synthesis of qualitative investigations.An exhaustive exploration was conducted across the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from their inception until August, 2023 to identify qualitative research on obstacles to physical activity among older hospital patients. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. Meta‐synthesis method was used to integrate the results.In total, 8 literatures were included, 43 themes were extracted, and analogous research results were amalgamated to generate 10 categories and 3 syntheses: individual level, interpersonal influencing factors and hospital environment and resources level.Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Medical staff should pay attention to changes in physical activity during hospitalisation, identify barriers to physical activity in older inpatients and provide references for promoting physical activity programs for the older.This study is a meta‐synthesis and does not require relevant contributions from patients or the public. Older patients are at low physical activity levels during hospitalisation. Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Factors of physical activity impairment in hospitalised older patients should be considered in the context of health status, psychological factors, motivation and social support. Disease‐induced psychological fallout has a greater impact on physical activity in the older. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diterpenes represent one of the most diverse and structurally complex families of natural products. Among the myriad of diterpenoids, grayanane diterpenes are particularly notable. These terpenes are characterized by their unique 5/7/6/5 tetracyclic system and are exclusive to the Ericaceae family of plants. Renowned for their complex structures and broad spectrum of bioactivities, grayanane diterpenes have become a primary focus in extensive phytochemical and pharmacological research. Recent studies, spanning from 2018 to January 2024, have reported a series of new grayanane diterpenes with unprecedented carbon skeletons. These compounds exhibit various biological properties, including analgesic, antifeedant, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). This paper delves into the discovery of 193 newly identified grayanoids, representing 15 distinct carbon skeletons within the Ericaceae family. The study of grayanane diterpenes is not only a deep dive into the complexities of natural product chemistry but also an investigation into potential therapeutic applications. Their unique structures and diverse biological actions make them promising candidates for drug discovery and medicinal applications. The review encompasses their occurrence, distribution, structural features, and biological activities, providing invaluable insights for future pharmacological explorations and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells usually show strong resistance to chemotherapy, which not only reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy but also increases the side effects. Regulation of autophagy plays an important role in tumor treatment. Cell senescence is also an important anti-cancer mechanism, which has become an important target for tumor treatment. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to find anti-HCC drugs that act through this new mechanism. Platycodin D2 (PD2) is a new saponin compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Platycodon grandiflorum. Purpose: Our study aimed to explore the effects of PD2 on HCC and identify the underlying mechanisms. Methods: First, the CCK8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of PD2 on HCC cells. Then, different pathways of programmed cell death and cell cycle regulators were measured. In addition, we assessed the effects of PD2 on the autophagy and senescence of HCC cells by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Finally, we studied the in vivo effect of PD2 on HCC cells by using a mouse tumor-bearing model. Results: Studies have shown that PD2 has a good anti-tumor effect, but the specific molecular mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, we found that PD2 has no obvious toxic effect on normal hepatocytes, but it can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells, induce mitochondrial dysfunction, enhance autophagy and cell senescence, upregulate NIX and P21, and downregulate CyclinA2. Gene silencing and overexpression indicated that PD2 induced mitophagy in HCC cells through NIX, thereby activating the P21/CyclinA2 pathway and promoting cell senescence. Conclusions: These results indicate that PD2 induces HCC cell death through autophagy and aging. Our findings provide a new strategy for treating HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative medicine in tissue engineering often relies on stem cells and specific growth factors at a supraphysiological dose. These approaches are costly and may cause severe side effects. Herein, therapeutic small extracellular vesicles (t‐sEVs) endogenously loaded with a cocktail of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) mRNAs within a customized injectable PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PEGS‐A) hydrogel for bone regeneration in rats with challenging femur critical‐size defects are introduced. Abundant t‐sEVs are produced by a facile cellular nanoelectroporation system based on a commercially available track‐etched membrane (TM‐nanoEP) to deliver plasmid DNAs to human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs). Upregulated microRNAs associated with the therapeutic mRNAs are enriched in t‐sEVs for enhanced angiogenic–osteogenic regeneration. Localized and controlled release of t‐sEVs within the PEGS‐A hydrogel leads to the retention of therapeutics in the defect site for highly efficient bone regeneration with minimal low accumulation in other organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first-principle pane wave pseudopotential method in GGA-PBE generalized gradient approximation is aphid to study the lattice parameters, electronic properties and mechanical properties of hydrogen storage alloy LaNi4Ge under different pressures. The results show that the lattice parameters of LaNi4Ge compound decrease with the increase of pressure, and is a-axles is more easily compressed than taxes. There are no signal cant trend changes in the total density of states, the Fermi energy level decreases with the increase of pressure, and is hardness increases with the increase of pressure. The elastic properties show that the material is decisive in the pressure range, and the elastic constant Cu and elastic modulus E increase further with the increase of pressure, and maintain the mechanical stability in a certain pressure range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms become new sources for fabricating intricate micro/nano structures via bottom‐up approaches. Produced from nature, microorganism biotemplates exhibit unique structural and material features over thousands of years of revolution. They are considerably superior and cost‐effective for fabricating complex and heterogeneous structures when compared to other micro/nanofabrication techniques. Herein, the recent advances in biologically driven micro/nanofabrication, assembly, and actuation based on microorganisms are consolidated. Detailed development and recent advances of micro/nanoparticle fabrication, their ordered assembly, and controlled actuation properties, as well as certain typical engineering application examples, are mainly involved. The developing perspectives and challenges of microorganism‐based micro/nanofabrication are also discussed, aiming to inspire the relevant researches and promote the development in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a critical role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune responses and various cancers via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Inhibition of JAK1 is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Recently, high-performance machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied in virtual screening to develop new kinase inhibitors. Our study aimed to develop a novel layered virtual screening method based on machine learning (ML) and pharmacophore models to identify the potential JAK1 inhibitors. Methods: Firstly, we constructed a high-quality dataset comprising 3834 JAK1 inhibitors and 12,230 decoys, followed by establishing a series of classification models based on a combination of three molecular descriptors and six ML algorithms. To further screen potential compounds, we constructed several pharmacophore models based on Hiphop and receptor-ligand algorithms. We then used molecular docking to filter the recognized compounds. Finally, the binding stability and enzyme inhibition activity of the identified compounds were assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in vitro enzyme activity tests. Results: The best performance ML model DNN-ECFP4 and two pharmacophore models Hiphop3 and 6TPF 08 were utilized to screen the ZINC database. A total of 13 potentially active compounds were screened and the MD results demonstrated that all of the above molecules could bind with JAK1 stably in dynamic conditions. Among the shortlisted compounds, the four purchasable compounds demonstrated significant kinase inhibition activity, with Z-10 being the most active (IC50 = 194.9 nM). Conclusion: The current study provides an efficient and accurate integrated model. The hit compounds were promising candidates for the further development of novel JAK1 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of home-based exercise interventions on pain, physical function and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection) were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to 2 August 2022. The Cochrane Collaboration's standards were followed for study selection, eligibility criteria, data extraction and statistics, using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and PEDro for quality assessment. A meta-analysis and subgroup analyses, stratified by control condition and intervention duration, were conducted using RevMan 5.4. The study was reported in compliance with the PRISMA statement. Results: A total of 12 independent RCTs with 1442 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that the home-based exercise interventions significantly reduced pain in individuals with KOA (SMD = − 0.32, 95% CI [− 0.41, − 0.22], p <.01) and improved physical function (SMD = − 0.25, 95% CI [− 0.47, − 0.02], p =.03) and quality of life (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI [0.41, 0.85], p <.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that home-based exercise interventions were superior to health education and no treatment, in terms of pain and physical function, and similar to clinic-based exercise and pharmacologic treatment. Conclusions: The effect of home-based exercise intervention is significantly better than health education and no treatment for reducing knee pain and improving physical function, and was able to achieve the effects of clinic-based exercise treatment and pharmacologic treatment. With regard to quality of life, the unsupervised home strength exercise intervention showed a significant effect compared with the health education control and combined with cognitive behavioural therapies may produce better results. Although home-based intervention provides effective treatment options for individuals with clinical treatment limitations, individual disease complications and the dosimetry of exercise need to be considered in practice. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the effectiveness of Tai Chi in the rehabilitation of KOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To provide a theory for guiding clinical treatment by comparing the clinical application value of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activating protein inhibitor) PET/MR in the diagnosis and evaluation of resectability of ovarian cancer. Methods: Thirty patients with high clinical suspicion of ovarian malignancies were enrolled from July 2021 to October 2022 and underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR within 5 days. Twenty patients underwent [18F]FDG PET/MR at once completing [18F]FDG PET/CT for consistency checking. Images were analysed for comparing SUVs and for judging incomplete resectability according to the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) and SUIDAN scoring system. The expression of FAP, HK2 and Ki67 was analysed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: There was no significant difference between PET/MR and PET/CT in SUVs-FDG at different locations (p > 0.05), and their diagnostic accuracies were similar. The diagnostic accuracy of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR had advantages for peritoneal metastasis since SUVsFAPI were higher (p < 0.01). The sensitivity of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR in the diagnosis of peridiaghragmatic metastases was higher because SUVmax in the liver was decreased (p < 0.001). [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR might have advantages in diagnosing gastrointestinal invasion. In PCI score analysis, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR could partially correct missing or underestimated scores by [18F]FDG PET/CT, but the matching probability between left peri-intestinal metastasis scores was low and easy to overestimate. Interestingly, diaphragmatic metastasis detected by [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR had the greatest correlation with the prediction of incomplete resectability (logistic regression p = 0.02). Through immunohistochemistry, the expression of FAP had a strong correlation with SUVmax-FAPI (p < 0.001), while the expression of HK2 was correlated with SUVmax-FDG (p < 0.01). In addition, SUVmax-FDG with Ki67 ≥ 20% was significantly higher than that with Ki67 < 20% (p < 0.05). Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR had obvious advantages for metastases diagnosis and could more accurately assess tumour load and predict incomplete resectability. SUVmax-FDG was conducive to evaluating the degree of tumour malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested whether a medicinal plant, Vasaka, typically consumed as a tea to treat respiratory malaise, could protect airway epithelial cells (AECs) from wood smoke particle-induced damage and prevent pathological mucus production. Wood/biomass smoke is a pneumotoxic air pollutant. Mucus normally protects the airways, but excessive production can obstruct airflow and cause respiratory distress. Vasaka tea pre- and co-treatment dose-dependently inhibited mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA induction by AECs treated with wood smoke particles. This correlated with transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) inhibition, an attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and AEC damage/death. Induction of mRNA for anterior gradient 2, an ER chaperone/disulfide isomerase required for MUC5AC production, and TRP vanilloid-3, a gene that suppresses ER stress and wood smoke particle-induced cell death, was also attenuated. Variable inhibition of TRPA1, ER stress, and MUC5AC mRNA induction was observed using selected chemicals identified in Vasaka tea including vasicine, vasicinone, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, 9-oxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME. Apigenin and 9,10-EpOME were the most cytoprotective and mucosuppressive. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA was also induced by Vasaka tea and wood smoke particles. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enhanced ER stress and MUC5AC mRNA expression, suggesting a possible role in producing protective oxylipins in stressed cells. The results provide mechanistic insights and support for the purported benefits of Vasaka tea in treating lung inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of further development as a preventative and/or restorative therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the feasibility of curcumin and docetaxel (DTX) combination therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Animal assay demonstrated DTX has certain limitations in improving immunosuppressive microenvironment. Treatment with curcumin overcame this inhibition and reduced tumor progression. Curcumin synergized DTX showed significantly greater reduction in tumor burden than either treatment alone via down-regulation of MDSCs, M2 macrophages and up-regulation of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, the secretion of CXCL1 was decreased in tumor. Conversely, the secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased. Our study provided a promising therapeutic strategy for HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the optimization needs of physical education curriculum resource allocation, the author proposes a deep belief-based physical education curriculum resource allocation technology. The efficient feature abstraction and feature extraction capabilities of deep belief technology fully explore the interests and preferences of learners on course resources. Because deep belief has strong capabilities in feature detection and feature extraction, it has unique and efficient feature abstraction capabilities for different dimensional attributes of input data; the author proposes a DBN-MCPR model optimization method based on deep belief classification in the MOOC environment. Experimental results show that when the number of iterations reaches about 80, the RMSE of DBN-MCPR trained with the training dataset without learner feature vector is 77.94%, while the RMSE of DBN-MCPR trained with the dataset with learner feature vector is 77.01; DBN-MCPR with full eigenvectors tends to converge after about 40 iterations, while DBN-MCPR without learner eigenvectors starts to converge after about 15 iterations; this result is in line with the characteristics of the internal network structure of DBN. Conclusion. This application proves that the technical research based on deep belief can effectively meet the needs of the optimization of physical education curriculum resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although several prognostic models have been developed for patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, their preoperative performance was insufficiently validated. We aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) for predicting postoperative outcomes following hip fracture surgery. Methods: This was a single‐center and retrospective analysis. A total of 702 elderly patients with hip fractures (age ≥ 65 years old) who received treatment in our hospital from June 2020 to August 2021 were selected as the research participants. They were divided into the survival group and the death group based on their survival 30 days after surgery. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors for the 30‐day mortality after surgery. The NHFS and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grades were used to construct these models, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to assess their diagnostic significance. A correlation analysis was performed between NHFS and length of hospitalization and mobility 3 months after surgery. Results: There were significant differences in the age, albumin level, NHFS, and ASA grade between both groups (p < 0.05). The length of hospitalization in the death group was longer than the survival group (p < 0.05). The perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative ICU transfer rates in the death group were higher than in the survival group (p < 0.05). The death group's incidence of pulmonary infections, urinary tract infections, cardiovascular events, pressure ulcers, stress ulcers with bleeding, and intestinal obstruction was higher than the survival group (p < 0.05). The NHFS and ASA III were independent risk factors for the 30‐day mortality after surgery, regardless of age and albumin level (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the NHFS and ASA grade for predicting the 30‐day mortality after surgery was 0.791 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.709–0.873, p < 0.05) and 0.621 (95% CI 0.477–0.764, p > 0.05), respectively. The NHFS positively correlated with hospitalization length and mobility grade 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The NHFS demonstrated a better predictive performance than the ASA score for the 30‐day mortality after surgery and positively correlated with the hospitalization length and postoperative activity limitation in elderly patients with hip fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Postoperative spindle cell nodule (PSCN) is a pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesion of unclear molecular genetic origins. Methods and results: We examined seven patients with PSCN, using routine haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) slide preparations and a series of immunostains. The latter targeted keratin, vimentin, α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK [D5F3]), and other proteins. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 6 (USP6) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements were also analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). There were histories of prior surgical intervention (n = 6) or trauma (n = 1) in all seven patients. All lesions were highly cellular and mitotically active spindle cell proliferations, with no cytologic atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, or aberrant mitoses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining disclosed focal, weak keratin positivity in two lesions, whereas vimentin (diffuse, strongly positive) and SMA (tram‐track pattern) were present in each instance, and ALK (D5F3) was entirely negative. FISH analysis confirmed USP6 gene rearrangements in all seven cases, showing no ALK gene rearrangements. RNA sequencing results showed an MYH9::USP6 gene fusion in only one lesion (No. 6). Conclusion: A subset of PSCN is marked by USP6 gene rearrangements, a genetic feature of nodular fasciitis (NF). Given its similarity to NF, a designation as USP6‐associated neoplasm (UAN) seems reasonable, signifying a transient clonal neoplastic lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(R)-4-Propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (R-PDFO) is the key chiral intermediate for the antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam. Lacking a simple and economical method to approaching R-PDFO, the production of R-PDFO also remains environmentally unfriendly. Here, we developed a straightforward bioreduction way from easily synthesized 4-propylfuran-2(5H)-one (PFO) using ene-reductases. After screened with 27 ene-reductases, E116 stood out with 25.7% yield and 97% ee (R) as the starting enzyme. To improve the catalytic efficiency of E116, several rounds of directed evolution were first carried out. Through rational design, alanine scanning and random mutagenesis, engineered ene-reductase E116-M3 was obtained, with a 2.63-fold improvement in yields over WT, a 12.6-fold improvement in kcat/Km over WT, and stereoselectivity increased to 99% (R). To further improve the yield of R-PDFO, the reaction conditions were then optimized. The catalytic activity of the optimized reaction system was increased again by 2.3 times and the turnover number (TON) of E116-M3 reached 705. Subsequently, whole cells harboring E116-M3 were also shown to have similar capabilities of synthesizing R-PDFO. Finally, E116-M3 was employed in the 50-mL-scale synthesis of R-PDFO under 20 mM of PFO loading to achieve 81% isolated yield and 99% ee. In conclusion, this new approach of engineered ene-reductase catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of PFO could be a green alternative for the efficient synthesis of R-PDFO. Key points: • An ene-reductase library was first used to screen the bioreduction of PFO. • Rational design contributed to the enhanced R-stereoselectivity of PFO reduction. • E116-M3 was obtained with high activity and stereoselectivity for R-PDFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐area polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) manufactured by printing are required for flat‐panel lighting and displays. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to fabricate large‐area and stable deep‐blue PLEDs with narrowband emission due to the difficulties in precisely tuning film uniformity and obtaining single‐exciton emission. Herein, efficient and stable large‐area deep‐blue PLEDs with narrowband emission are prepared from encapsulated polydiarylfluorene. Encapsulated polydiarylfluorenes presented an efficient and stable deep‐blue emission (peak: 439 nm; full width at half maximum (FWHM): 39 nm) in the solid state due to their single‐chain emission behavior without inter‐backbone chain aggregation. Large‐area uniform blade‐coated films (16 cm2) are also fabricated with excellent smoothness and morphology. Benefitting from efficient emission and excellent printed capacity, the blade‐coated PLEDs with a device area of 9 mm2 realized uniform deep‐blue emission (FWHM: 38 nm; CIE: 0.153, 0.067), with a corresponding maximum external quantum efficiency and the brightness comparable to those of devices based on spin‐coated films. Finally, considering the essential role of deep‐blue LEDs, a preliminary patterned PLED array with a pixel size of 800 × 1000 µm2 and a monochrome display is fabricated, highlighting potential full‐color display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability and instability of solutions to a variable coefficient logarithmic wave equation with nonlinear damping and memory term. Such model describes wave traveling through nonhomogeneous viscoelastic materials. By choosing appropriate multiplier and using weighted energy method, we prove the exponential decay of the energy. Moreover, we also obtain the instability of the solutions at the infinity in the presence of the nonlinear damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adenomatoid tumors (ATs) are benign tumors originating from the mesothelium. ATs of the ovary are rare, and can easily be confused with malignancy due to the histomorphological diversity. Thus, it is difficult in histopathological and differential diagnosis, especially during intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis, which directly affects the resection scope of surgery. Case presentation: In this study, we reported two patients (58 and 41 year old) with ovarian ATs. AT of patient 1 occurred in both ovaries at different time points and she had been diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AT of patient 2 occurred in right ovary. Intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis was performed in both cases and laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was undergone on the lesion side according to benign freezing diagnostic result. Ovarian ATs, the final diagnoses of the 2 cases were concluded after histological, extensive immunohistochemical (IHC), histochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Conclusions: Our results show that ovarian ATs may not be related to BAP1 or CDKN2A/p16 mutations. In addition, the case 1 suggests that ATs may be associated with immune dysregulation. When encountering such similar lessions, we recommend that a series of immunohistochemical, histochemical and molecular biological techniques should be used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis. Improving understanding of the rare ovarian ATs which mimic malignancy is necessary to prevent overresection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-Phenylglycine (NPG) has been used for many years as efficient biocompatible co-initiator in initiating radical photopolymerization. Apart of that, very few amino acid co-initiators have been proposed to exhibit the comparable ability with NPG. Unlike NPG with free carboxyl group, we found that several glycine derivatives with closed carboxyl groups as co-initiators could compete or even work better than NPG in initiating photopolymerization in the presence of camphorquinone, while the counterparts with free carboxyl groups were invalid. In this work, the performances of these glycine derivatives as co-initiators were evaluated by photopolymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate aqueous solution, and NPG was used as reference. The effects of pH values of formula on their co-initiation behaviors were investigated. Although the same photo-induced electron transfer pathway for radical generation, NPG underwent decarboxylation to produce radical species, while the investigated derivatives leaded to sterically hindered radicals only by hydrogen-abstraction on a-methylene, which were confirmed by 1H NMR spectra, ESR spectra and polymerization experiments. The derivatives combined with CQ could efficiently initiate photopolymerization of other monomers, indicating the wide substrate adaptability and being a class of robust co-initiators with potential application in the preparation of biohydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a tunable filter with cascaded compound gratings based on lithium niobate (LN). Herein, the reflectivity spectrum with a narrow-band and flat-top line shape can be obtained by using the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) and selecting the appropriate grating offset. Simultaneously, we apply a voltage on LN to modulate the refractive index to achieve wavelength tunability. The demonstrated structure is sensitive to the incident angle, which can be used for angle sensing. Interestingly, an accidental BIC occurs by varying the length of the Fabry–Perot cavity to achieve phase shift conditions between the two grating layers. The presented tunable flat-top filter structure has promising applications in integrated sensing and communication. • Breaking the symmetry of the structure obtains quasi-BIC and selecting an appropriate ridge offset D to obtain a flat-top. • The flat-top filter is achieved by applying a voltage to LN to change the refractive index to achieve tunability. • The interesting phenomenon is that accidental BICs occur when the F–P cavity length changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA interference (RNAi) has great potential in functional genomics research and pest control. Gene silencing and phenotypes ranging from appetite loss to death have been observed after larvae fed on leaves of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐expressing transgenic plants harbouring specific genes from the target insect. In this study, transgenic poplar plants expressing CYP6B53 dsRNA from Lymantria dispar were generated via Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation to control this pest. The CYP6B53 was successfully integrated into the poplar genome by reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) and dsCYP6B53 expression confirmation. Expression was significantly down‐regulated at the transcription level after L. dispar larvae feeding on leaves of the transgenic plants. Meanwhile, CYP6B53 transcription levels in the larvae decreased by 25.31–88.53% compared with those reared on transgenic poplar expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA. A bioassay further revealed that transgenic plants expressing dsCYP6B53 not only inhibited larval feeding but also delayed overall growth. In summary, Poplar plants harbouring CYP6B53 dsRNA resulted in suppression of CYP6B53 expression in L. dispar larvae, impairing development, and providing a novel alternative for pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic amines (HCA) are the main mutagenic factors in cooked meat products and are considered to be hazardous chemicals in the field of food safety. In this study, inspired by the "host–guest" interaction mechanism, a new technique for detecting 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was developed, taking advantage of the molecular cavities of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and the powerful guest recognition properties between CB[7] and PhIP. Based on this recognition mechanism, three steps were included in the detection procedure: firstly, regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane was oxidized by NaIO4 to generate aldehyde groups; secondly, the PhIP molecules to be detected were trapped by the aldehyde groups via amine–aldehyde conjugation chemistry; thirdly, the RC membrane with trapped PhIP was immersed into solutions of dansyl chloride-labelled CB[7] to allow the host–guest interaction to occur, so that PhIP could be quantified by fluorescence of the dansyl chloride dye. The limit of detection, linear range and recovery of this method were about 0.224 μg kg−1, 10–1000 nM and 89.0–96.4%, respectively. So far, most reported techniques for HCA detection are based on HPLC coupled with mass spectroscopy, and the method reported here might be the first quick measurement technique for HCA and may find wide application in food safety detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Early leaf senescence is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield and quality. To understand the molecular mechanism of early leaf senescence, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) premature leaf senescence mutant (GSm) and its wild type were employed in this study. We compared the physiological characteristics and transcriptome of wheat leaves between the wild type (WT) and the mutant at two-time points. Physiological characteristics and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed many genes and metabolic pathways that were closely related to senescence. These results will not only support further gene cloning and functional analysis of GSm, but also facilitate the study of leaf senescence in wheat. Premature leaf senescence has a profound influence on crop yield and quality. Here, a stable premature senescence mutant (GSm) was obtained from the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chang 6878 by mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The differences between the GSm mutant and its wild-type (WT) were analyzed in terms of yield characteristics, photosynthetic fluorescence indices, and senescence-related physiological parameters. RNA sequencing was used to reveal gene expression differences between GSm and WT. The results showed that the yield of GSm was considerably lower than that of WT. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, maximum quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching coefficient, photosynthetic electron transport rate, soluble protein, peroxidase activity, and catalase activity all remarkably decreased in flag leaves of GSm, whereas malondialdehyde content distinctively increased compared with those of WT. The analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated blockade of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, accelerated degradation of chlorophyll, and diminished photosynthetic capacity in mutant leaves; brassinolide might facilitate chlorophyll breakdown and consequently accelerate leaf senescence. NAC genes positively regulated the senescence process. Compared with NAC genes, expression of WRKY and MYB genes was induced earlier in the mutant possibly due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and plant hormones (e.g., brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid), thereby accelerating leaf senescence. Furthermore, the antioxidant system played a role in minimizing oxidative damage in the mutant. These results provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of premature leaf senescence in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: JAZF1 translocation is the most common genetic change in low‐grade (LG) endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), and YWHAE and BCOR translocations are common in high‐grade (HG) ESS. Primary extrauterine ESS is rare, and there are limited data on molecular alterations in these tumours. Methods and results: Cases of primary extrauterine ESS, comprising eight LG‐ESS cases and five HG‐ESS cases were collected. Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the histomorphology and analyse related protein expression. JAZF1, YWHAE and BCOR rearrangements were explored with fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH). In LG‐ESS, the tumour cells resembled normal proliferative‐phase endometrial stromal cells; CD10, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were expressed in all eight cases. In HG‐ESS, the tumour cells had uniform HG round and/or spindle morphology, sometimes with an LG component; CD10 was fully expressed in one case and focally expressed in four cases; BCOR was expressed in all five cases, and cyclin D1 in four of five cases. FISH analysis showed JAZF1 translocation in one of eight LG‐ESS cases (12.5%). YWHAE translocation occurred in four of five HG‐ESS cases, with a positivity rate of 80%. BCOR translocation was absent in all five cases. Conclusions: In extrauterine LG‐ESS, the rate of JAZF1 rearrangement was significantly lower than in uterine LG‐ESS. This result limited the value of JAZF1 translocation for diagnosis. YWHAE rearrangement is a common genetic change in extrauterine HG‐ESS. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, especially in LG‐ESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop special structure nanomaterials from nature with large specific surface areas and conduct appropriate doping may be effective ways to improve the performance of carbon-basing energy storage devices and mobile power supplies. Pure Gram-positive bacteria carbon material with dense microporous structure and properly self O, N-doping was developed towards highly performance supercapacitors for the first time. The structural characterization and electrochemial survey show that carbon derived from Gram-positive bacteria can bring unexpected material properties for its layered and nitrogen, oxygen containing peptidoglycan cell wall structure. Specifically, bifidobacterium yogurt starter powder as a representative of Gram-positive bacteria was employed and pre-carbonized at 450 °C, then re-carbonized at 700, 800 and 900 °C with KOH activated, respectively. The as-prepared Gram-positive bacteria carbons (GpBCs) have inherited the bacteria's cell wall structure to some extent, which makes the specific surface area as high as 2877 m2/g. When the mess ratio of the precursor to KOH was 1: 2 and re-carbonized at 800 °C, the sample named GpBC-800-2 exhibited a medium specific surface area (2436 m2/g), and possessed proper oxygen(11.20%) and nitrogen(0.56%) doping. For further electrochemial measurement, GpBC-800-2 delivered a specific capacitance of 220 F/g and a 94.5% retention after 10000 cycles in 6 M KOH at the current density of 1 A/g in three-electrode system. For further assessment on symmetry devices, 30 F/g specific capacitance was obtained and 97.8% retention after 10000 cycles were achieved in 6 M KOH at the current density of 1 A/g for symmetry devices. The constructed devices presented an energy density of 4.2 Wh/kg at the power density of 0.5 kW/kg, and still remained 3.19 Wh/kg at the power density of 5 kW/kg. Results of this work have given a first glance for pure Garm-positive bacteria carbon materials in supercapacitor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Approximately half of esophageal biopsies from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) contain inadequate lamina propria, making it impossible to determine the lamina propria fibrosis (LPF). This study aimed to develop and validate a web-based tool to predict LPF in esophageal biopsies with inadequate lamina propria. METHODS: Prospectively collected demographic and clinical data and scores for 7 relevant EoE histology scoring system epithelial features from patients with EoE participating in the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers observational study were used to build the models. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, variables strongly associated with LPF were identified. Logistic regression was used to develop models to predict grade and stage of LPF. The grade model was validated using an independent data set. RESULTS: Of 284 patients in the discovery data set, median age (quartiles) was 16 (8-31) years, 68.7% were male patients, and 93.4% were White. Age of the patient, basal zone hyperplasia, dyskeratotic epithelial cells, and surface epithelial alteration were associated with presence of LPF. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the grade model was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.89) and for stage model was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.84). Our grade model had 82% accuracy in predicting the presence of LPF in an external validation data set. DISCUSSION: We developed parsimonious models (grade and stage) to predict presence of LPF in esophageal biopsies with inadequate lamina propria and validated our grade model. Our predictive models can be easily used in the clinical setting to include LPF in clinical decisions and determine its effect on treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is an indispensable technology to achieve carbon neutrality in China, but confined by technology and economy, the offshore CCUS in China is still in the planning stage and has not yet reached the desired scale. Offshore source-sink matching and cost analysis of CCUS is the premise and basis of offshore CCUS deployment. Thus, based on the CO 2 storage potential of offshore sedimentary basins in China, this paper conducts the offshore source-sink matching and cost analysis of CCUS in China under different constraints. The result showed that: ⅰ) the CO 2 storage capacity of China's offshore sedimentary basins is estimated to be 767.3 Gt, which is enough to meet approximately 200 years of coal power CO 2 emissions in China. ⅱ) the CO 2 storage potential could reach 721.9 Mt/a by source-sink matching under different constraints. ⅲ) early opportunities for offshore CCUS would be in the Bohai Bay and Pearl River Mouth Basin, considering the compensation effect of CO 2 -EOR. ⅳ) combined with the CCUS cost and emission reduction in China under different time nodes, it is inferred that deploying offshore CCUS in China between 2030 and 2040 commercially will be advantageous. • The CO 2 storage potential in China's offshore sedimentary basin was evaluated. • The cost of offshore CCUS was analyzed under different technology combinations. • Bohai Bay and Pearl River Mouth Basin would be early opportunities for offshore CCUS. • 2030–2040 would be the favorable time to deploy the large-scale offshore CCUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a pure natural phytocannabinoid derived from cannabis that has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidative stress abilities. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported the regulatory effect of CBD on skeletal muscle injury induced by exercise, but its mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for the energy supply within eukaryotic cells, and their function has been closely linked to cellular health. Moderate exercise improves mitochondrial function, but the excessive exercise has a negative impact on mitochondria. Therefore, we speculate that CBD may promote exercise induced skeletal muscle cell damage by improving mitochondrial function. In this study, by establishing an animal model of exhaustive exercise training in rats, the protective effect of CBD on skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function was elaborated, and the possible molecular mechanism was discussed based on transcriptomics. Our results indicate that skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function were improved after CBD intervention. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that exhaustive exercise training induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is associated with excessive autophagy/mitophagy, the signaling pathways involved in FOXO3 and GABARAPL1 may play important roles. After CBD intervention, the protein expression of PINK1, PARKIN and BNIP3 was down-regulated, indicating that CBD may improve the mitochondrial function by inhibiting mitophagy through the PINK1/PARKIN and BNIP3 pathway. • Excessive autophagy/mitophagy is associated with exhaustive exercise induced skeletal muscles mitochondrial dysfunction. • CBD improves exhaustive exercise induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy/mitophagy. • During exhaustive exercise, CBD inhibits mitophagy through the PINK1/PARKIN and BNIP3 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exciton behavior is crucial for improving the optoelectronic property of a light‐emitting conjugated polymer. Herein, the photoexcitation dynamics of exciton migration and energy transfer in a self‐doped β‐conformation film of the polydiarylfluorenes (poly[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐co‐[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐ diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl], PODPF) are demonstrated. Compared to the first generation of the β‐conformation polyfluorene, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO), energy transfer occurs in PODPF β‐conformation films in a time period of ≈150 ps, much longer than those of the PFO ones (<5 ps), associated with the effective intrachain energy transfer (few hundred picoseconds), rather than interchain Förster energy transfer (a few picoseconds). Similar to PFO, the PODPF β‐conformation also displays well‐resolved vibronic emission peaks at 20 K, attributed to the planar and rigid conformation. Interestingly, a residual 0‐0 band emission of nonplanar conformation chain segments (435 nm, 2.85 eV) at 20 K also further confirms the exciton migration from the amorphous state to the β‐conformation domain in PODPF films. Therefore, the stable dual amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) behavior of the PODPF self‐doped films at 461 nm (2.69 eV) and 483 nm (2.57 eV), originates from the individual amorphous and β‐conformation domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Design, fabricate and evaluate all-solid-state wearable sensor systems that can monitor ion concentrations in human sweat to provide real time health analysis and disease diagnosis capabilities. Design/methodology/approach: A human health monitoring system includes disposable customized flexible electrode array and a compact signal transmission-processing electronic unit. Findings: Patterned rGO (reduced-graphene oxide) layers can replace traditional metal electrodes for the fabrication of free-standing all solid film sensors to provide improved flexibility, sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in ion concentration monitoring. Electrochemical measurements show the open circuit potential of current selective electrodes exhibit near Nernst responses versus Na+ and K+ ion concentration in sweat. These signals show great stability during a typical measurement period of 3 weeks. Sensor performances evaluated through real time measurements on human subjects show strong correlations between subject activity and sweating levels, confirming high degree of robustness, sensitivity, reliability and practicality of current sensor systems. Originality/value: In improving flexibility, stability and interfacial coherency of chemical sensor arrays, rGO films have been the developed as a high-performance alternative to conventional electrode with significant cost and processing complexity reduction. rGO supported solid state electrode arrays have been found to have linear potential response versus ion concentration, suitable for electrochemical sensing applications. Current sweat sensor system has a high degree of integration, including electrode arrays, signal processing circuits, and data visualization interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a novel photoinitiation system composed of photosensitizer and tyrosine-containing peptide, which could initiate radical photopolymerization of acrylamide in water in air. And, when the irradiation was extinguished, the formula with purged nitrogen kept polymerizing in the dark for a long time. The highlight of this system stems from the fact that after low-intensity irradiation as brief as 2 or 5 min, the generated radicals have long lifetime, allowing polymerization propagation in the dark to result in high molecular weight and high conversion. The dark polymerization might be ascribed to the protonation and the steric hindrance of polyacrylamide macroradicals, endowed by the tyrosine-containing peptide, preventing the biradical termination. And these behaviors of the investigated peptides were related to the location of the tyrosine residue on polypeptide chain. In addition, this novel photoinitiator can't initiate dark polymerization of other water-soluble monomers, but can initiate dark copolymerization of acrylamide with these monomers, further indicating that the hydrogen bonding between acrylamide and polypeptide might be the key factor for dark polymerization. This novel system has potential applications in the preparation of biohydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terpenoid alkaloids are recognized as a class of compounds with limited numbers but potent biological activities, primarily derived from plants, with a minor proportion originating from animals and microorganisms. These alkaloids are synthesized from the same prenyl unit that forms the terpene skeleton, with the nitrogen atom introduced through β-aminoethanol, ethylamine, or methylamine, leading to a range of complex and diverse structures. Based on their skeleton type, they can be categorized into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpene alkaloids. To date, 289 natural terpenoid alkaloids, excluding triterpene alkaloids, have been identified in studies published between 2019 and 2024. These compounds demonstrate a spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, and cardioprotective effects, making them promising candidates for further development. This review provides an overview of the sources, chemical structures, and biological activities of natural terpenoid alkaloids, serving as a reference for future research and applications in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference services have been developed in China for nearly a century; however literature shows that very little research has been done on users' perception of reference services in Chinese academic libraries. To fill the research gap, this study aims to examine how Chinese undergraduates perceive, understand and use the reference service. A survey was employed and conducted in a comprehensive Chinese university with about 19,000 undergraduate students. 433 valid questionnaires were received. ANOVA was adopted to examine overall reference service satisfaction variation among respondents in different programs. The study reveals that library resources and reference services have been improved in China during the past twenty years, especially with the great support of Project 211 and Project 985 by the Ministry of Education of China. However, there is still more to do to change libraries from book repositories to modern user-centered information services and to improve historically underdeveloped user services in Chinese libraries. Libraries and librarians in China need to more actively embrace the philosophy that library resources are to be used and librarians are there to serve, to thoroughly promote reference services and render them more visible, and to diligently learn, adopt and apply technology to provide quality reference services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The scaffold with dual-pore size bilayer structure is obtained via 3D printing. • A swelling-dependent lower layer hinders blood invasion from the bone marrow. • Sustained inhibitor delivery limits the fatty acid availability to BMSCs. • The scaffold is promising for clinical applications with microfracture surgery. Regeneration of articular cartilage remains a great challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and weak stability. The microfracture surgery (MF) can provide bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and is commonly used in clinical practice, but its therapeutic effect is still limited by the lack of effective adhesion matrix and the uncontrollable tendency to develop fibrosis and even mineralization. In this study, a small molecular drug-loaded viscoelastic hydrogel-based 3D printing bilayer scaffold with a swelling-dependent gate was successfully developed to address these limitations. The scaffold consisted of a lower layer with a smaller pore size and an upper matrix with larger pore size. The former acted as a swelling-dependent gate to switch pore size, which initially was on-state allowing the infiltration of BMSCs, and eventually transformed into off-state serving as a barrier blocking excessive blood support from the bone marrow after swelling-induced closure of pores. This barrier structure cooperated with fatty acid inhibitor-suppressed hypertrophy of neo-cartilage matrix. The latter provided a biocompatible and viscoelastic matrix to guide MSCs toward stable chondrogenic commitment. By integrating structural design with the inhibitor, the bilayer scaffold provides a promising platform for future clinical applications of MF surgery in cartilage regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MVPA levels were negatively associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. • Engaging in 4–7 h/week of MVPA was strongly associated with decreased subsequent depressive symptoms and lower new-onset depression risk. • However, exceeding 7 h of MVPA per week provided minimal additional benefits. • Only prolonged periods of LPA (>7 h/week) may be related to reduced subsequent depressive symptoms. • The association between MVPA and new-onset depression may be modified by drinking and screen time. It remains uncertain whether a protective association between physical activity and depression exists among adolescents and what the optimal level of physical activity might be. This study aimed to estimate the associations of physical activity levels with depressive symptoms and new-onset depression, while identifying potential modifying factors influencing the relationships. In this cohort study, we initially enrolled 1957 participants at baseline and followed up with 1738 of them after two years. Our analysis focused on data from 1482 students who provided complete information on both physical activity and depressive symptoms. Generalized linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed. Our adjusted models revealed that engaging in 4–7 h/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline was negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms and new-onset depression compared to the non-MVPA group. However, exceeding 7 h/week of MVPA did not provide substantial benefits. Furthermore, drinking and screen time potentially modified the relationship between MVPA and new-onset depression. Our findings suggest that 4–7 h of MVPA per week may be an appropriate level to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, individual behaviors (e.g., drinking and screen time) warrant heightened attention in interventions targeting the reduction of depression in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the limited ability for perfusion, traditional intramembranous ossification (IMO) often fails to recapitulate the natural regeneration process of most long bones and craniofacial bones. Alternatively, endochondral ossification (ECO) strategy has emerged and has been evidenced to circumvent the drawbacks in the routine application of IMO. Here, an injectable, poly(glycerol sebacate)‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol)/polyacrylic acid (PEGS/PAA) hydrogels are successfully developed to induce a hypoxia‐mimicking environment and subsequently recapitulate ECO via in situ iron chelation. With the incorporation of PAA, these hydrogels present remarkable viscoelasticity and high efficacy of iron ion‐chelating after injection, giving rise to the activation of HIF‐1α signaling pathway and suppression of inflammatory responses, and thereby improving chondrogenic differentiation in the early stage and facilitating vascularization in the later stage, which consequently trigger typical ECO. More importantly, through sustained and stable expression of HIF‐1α regulated by PEGS/PAA hydrogels throughout the regeneration, a harmonious chondrogenic/osteogenic balance can be struck and thereby accelerating the progress of ECO compared to the PEGS. The findings provide an efficient strategy to achieve in situ ECO via biomaterial‐based iron ion‐chelating and ensuing hypoxia‐mimicking, representing a novel and promising concept for future application in bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants possess a regeneration capacity that enables them to survive after wounding. For example, detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves are able to form adventitious roots from their cutting sites even in the absence of exogenous hormone supplements, as process termed de novo root regeneration (DNRR). Wounding rapidly induces auxin biosynthesis at the cutting sites and then elicits a signaling cascade to promote cell fate transitions and finally generate the adventitious roots. However, rooting rates in older plants are much lower than in younger leaf explants. In this review, we highlight the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of DNRR decay in older plants from at least two independent signaling routes: (i) via the accumulation of EIN3 protein in older plants, which directly suppresses expression of WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes to inhibit rooting; (ii) the miR156-SPLs-AP2/ERFs pathway, which modulates root regeneration by reducing auxin biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The four‐and‐a‐half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) plays a key role in multiple cancers. Here, we characterized its role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and incurable form of brain cancer. Overexpression of FHL1 promotes growth, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, FHL1 silencing by RNAi exhibits the opposite effects. FHL1 interacts with the transcription factor SP1 to upregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activate the downstream signaling cascades, including Src, Akt, Erk1/2, and Stat3, leading to GBM malignancy. FHL1 is highly expressed and positively correlated with EGFR levels in human GBM, particularly those of the classical subtype. Our results suggest that the FHL1‐SP1‐EGFR axis plays a tumor‐promoting role, and highlight the translational potential of inhibiting FHL1 for GBM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Sir, Mutations in SPG11 are the major causes of autosomal recessive (AR) hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). Lancet Neurol 2019;18:1136-46. 2 Patel S, Sethi PK, Anand I, Batra A, Gupta P. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum due to SPG11 mutation. His brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed a TCC accompanied by periventricular white matter abnormal changes. [Extracted from the article]

Aims. Obesity is highly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The TIM3/galectin-9 pathway plays an important role in immune tolerance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression of TIM3 and galectin-9 in peripheral blood and to evaluate their clinical significance in patients with obesity and obesity-related T2DM. Methods. We performed flow cytometry on peripheral blood samples from healthy donors (HC), patients with simple obesity (OB), and patients with obesity comorbid T2DM (OD). The expression of TIM3 on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was determined. The level of galectin-9 in plasma was detected by ELISA. Results. We demonstrated the enhancement of TIM3 on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in the OB group when compared with healthy controls, while it was decreased significantly in the OD group. The TIM3+CD8+ T cells of the OB group were positively correlated with risk factors including BMI, body fat rate, and hipline. The concentration of galectin-9 of the OD group in plasma was significantly higher than that of healthy donors and the OB group. Moreover, the level of galectin-9 of the OD group was positively correlated with fasting insulin and C-peptide, which were two clinical features that represented pancreatic islet function in T2DM. Conclusions. Our results suggested that TIM3 and galectin-9 may be potential biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of the polysaccharides derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GCPs) on aconitine (AC), hypaconitine (HA), and benzoylmesaconine (BMA) from Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and to explore potential interaction mechanisms. Biopharmaceutical properties in vitro including stability, aqueous solubility and permeability were determined by UPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Phase solubility analysis, UV–vis spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to explore potential interaction mechanisms. The results showed that GCPs could increase the stabilities of three alkaloids and solubilities of AC and HA, significantly decrease permeabilities of three alkaloids. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that, after combination with GCPs, AC exhibited a higher C max value, shorter t 0.5 , higher elimination rate and greater area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) value compared to free AC. GCPs also improved the C max , t 0.5, AUC (0–tn) and AUC (0–∞) values of HA to play a therapeutic role, and improved the t 0.5 and AUC (0–∞) values of BMA to prolong the pharmacological effect and increase bioavailability. In addition, the results for the apparent formation constants and DSC analysis showed that an inclusion complex could be formed between GCPs and AC, GCPs and HA, and GCPs and BMA. • The influences of GCPs on three alkaloids were investigated. • GCPs could increase the stability and solubility of AC, HA and BMA. • GCPs had a decreased effect on the permeability AC, HA and BMA. • GCPs could influence the pharmacological effects of AC, HA and BMA. • This study might promote the application of herbal polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On acid soils, the trivalent aluminium ion (Al3+) predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant species. For some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea (Camellia sinensis), Al3+ has been regarded as a beneficial mineral element. In this study, we discovered that Al3+ is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested varieties. Aluminum ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose‐dependent responses to Al3+ availability. In the absence of Al3+, the tea plants failed to generate new roots, and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al deprivation. Structural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and activity. In situ morin staining of Al3+ in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells, but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+ was subsequently withdrawn. This movement of Al3+ from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage, which suggests that the nuclear‐targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA integrity. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that Al3+ is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoisomerization of azobenzene spatially confined in silver nanoparticle (AgNP) aggregates and in ethanol solution was monitored by Raman spectroscopy inside optically clear colorimetric dishes. After ultraviolet irradiation, overall Raman intensity assigned to trans‐azobenzene of these two samples decreased, and notably, a cis peak appeared at 599 cm−1, assigned to C─N═N─C torsional mode. The Raman intensity at 1,007 cm−1, assigned to trans‐azobenzene, was recorded versus irradiation time for analyzing the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization quantum yield (PQY). By combining our theoretical derivation and standard curve of Raman spectra, the trans‐to‐cis PQY of azobenzene in AgNP aggregates was roughly calculated to be 79.0% higher than that in ethanol solution. The enhancement mechanism was discussed in terms of the competition between enhanced local optical field from surface plasmon resonance and the accelerated nonradiative decay of excited azobenzene molecules together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the improvement of a storage location strategy through the use of big data technology, including data collection, cluster analysis and association analysis, to improve order picking efficiency. A clustering algorithm is used to categorize the types of goods in orders. Classification is performed based on the turnover of goods, value, sales volume, favorable commodity ratings, whether free shipping is provided and whether cash on delivery is supported. An association algorithm is used to determine the relationships among goods by studying the habits of consumers who buy them. A method for improving the class-based storage strategy is proposed. The picking distance of the improved storage strategy is compared with that of the traditional strategy via simulation experiments. The picking efficiency is shown to be enhanced by the improved strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate with high sensitivity for the rapid determination of pesticide residues was developed by combining silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and a fibrous swab. The SERS substrate was prepared simply by forming a SERS-active area on the section of fibrous swab and centrifuge tube with a soak-absorb approach. Rhodamine 6 G (R6G), a common SERS probe molecule, was used for performance characterization of the prepared SERS substrate that was shown to have high sensitivity, good stability and good reproducibility. Due to its good flexibility, the prepared SERS substrate was used to wipe contaminated surfaces for residue extraction. High sensitivity for detecting trace-level pesticides was verified for thiram. The limits of detection (LODs) for thiram on apple, grape and eggplant epidermis were calculated to be as low as 0.5313, 0.5768, and 0.5495 ng·cm−2, respectively, nearly 2 orders of magnitude below the maximum residue limit (MRL) for pesticide in food issued by the National Food Safety Standard of China. In addition, there was a linear relationship between the SERS intensity and the concentration of thiram in these three samples, indicating the good potential of this substrate for quantitative SERS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest found in forests. In this study, the effects of Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HcNPV) infection on the transcription levels and activities of glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) in H. cunea were determined. In the present study, 18 GST family genes were identified from the H. cunea transcriptome dataset by using bioinformatic analyses. These GST genes were classified into cytosolic (15 genes) and microsomal (three genes) classes. The 15 cytosolic GST genes belonged to four different subclasses (epsilon, sigma and delta). The all GST genes, especially GSTe4 , showed high expression levels in egg and 1st~4th instar larval stage while their low expression levels in 5th~7th instar larvae using real-time quantitative PCR analysis. However, the expression levels of the 18 GST genes were varied after exposure to sublethal doses of HcNPV. The expression levels of most GSTs were downregulated and upregulated at low and high concentrations of HcNPV, respectively. The corresponding total GST activities also showed similar patterns. In H. cunea , changes in the expression levels and enzymatic activities of GSTs after exposure to HcNPV indicated that they may have important functions in the defense against HcNPV, and the stress, which may be reflected by the high GST enzymatic activities. The 18 GST family genes were firstly identified from H. cunea transcriptome dataset by bioinformatics analysis. The changes in H. cunea GSTs gene expression levels and enzymatic activity exposed to HcNPV contribute to understand HcNPV defense. Unlabelled Image • Eighteen GST family genes were identified from the H. cunea transcriptome dataset by using bioinformatic analyses. • The HcNPV causes variation of expression levels of GST genes along with total GST activities. • Changes in mRNA and activity of GSTs in H. cunea indicated important functions in the defense against HcNPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor solubility and stability are limitation factors of flavonoids application. Polysaccharides from herbs have been proven to be functional foods and potential promising natural supplements with large molecular weight and complex structures. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are the main components of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) and novel synergistic pharmacological effects between Astragalus polysaccharides and flavonoids have been reported. However, the general effects of polysaccharides when co-administered with flavonoids are currently unknown. Herein, the influences of APS on aqueous solubilities and stabilities of fifteen flavonoids were systematically investigated, and the mechanism of effects of polysaccharides on flavonoids was further considered. The results showed that APS could significantly enhance the solubilities and stabilities of the flavonoids, with solubilization effect improved by 68.88-fold for quercetin and negatively correlated with the aqueous solubility of the flavonoid itself. A phase solubility study and Differential scanning calorimetry characterization indicated that APS could form complexes with flavonoids at 1:1 ratio with K values ranging from 1491 to 55,395 L·mol−1, a tendency to improved solubilization at higher association constant values was also observed. Those findings could provide the basis for a new approach to solving the problems of poor solubility and stability of flavonoids through the application of natural macromolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]