49 results on '"Sven Stringer"'
Search Results
2. Item-level analyses reveal genetic heterogeneity in neuroticism
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Mats Nagel, Kyoko Watanabe, Sven Stringer, Danielle Posthuma, and Sophie van der Sluis
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Science - Abstract
Neuroticism can be assessed as a composite score of individual items. Here, Nagel et al. perform genetic association studies for 12 neuroticism items and the sum-score and demonstrate genetic heterogeneity at the item-level.
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- 2018
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3. Genetically-Informed Patient Selection for iPSC Studies of Complex Diseases May Aid in Reducing Cellular Heterogeneity
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Stephanie D. Hoekstra, Sven Stringer, Vivi M. Heine, and Danielle Posthuma
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IPSC ,schizophrenia ,variability ,disease models ,genetics ,psychiatric diseases ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is more and more used for the study of genetically complex human disease but is challenged by variability, sample size and polygenicity. We discuss studies involving iPSC-derived neurons from patients with Schizophrenia (SCZ), to exemplify that heterogeneity in sampling strategy complicate the detection of disease mechanisms. We offer a solution to controlling variability within and between iPSC studies by using specific patient selection strategies.
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- 2017
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4. Assumptions and properties of limiting pathway models for analysis of epistasis in complex traits.
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Sven Stringer, Eske M Derks, René S Kahn, William G Hill, and Naomi R Wray
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
For most complex traits, results from genome-wide association studies show that the proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to the additive effects of individual SNPs, that is, the heritability explained by the SNPs, is substantially less than the estimate of heritability obtained by standard methods using correlations between relatives. This difference has been called the "missing heritability". One explanation is that heritability estimates from family (including twin) studies are biased upwards. Zuk et al. revisited overestimation of narrow sense heritability from twin studies as a result of confounding with non-additive genetic variance. They propose a limiting pathway (LP) model that generates significant epistatic variation and its simple parametrization provides a convenient way to explore implications of epistasis. They conclude that over-estimation of narrow sense heritability from family data ('phantom heritability') may explain an important proportion of missing heritability. We show that for highly heritable quantitative traits large phantom heritability estimates from twin studies are possible only if a large contribution of common environment is assumed. The LP model is underpinned by strong assumptions that are unlikely to hold, including that all contributing pathways have the same mean and variance and are uncorrelated. Here, we relax the assumptions that underlie the LP model to be more biologically plausible. Together with theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic arguments we conclude that in outbred populations the contribution of additive genetic variance is likely to be much more important than the contribution of non-additive variance.
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- 2013
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5. Underestimated effect sizes in GWAS: fundamental limitations of single SNP analysis for dichotomous phenotypes.
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Sven Stringer, Naomi R Wray, René S Kahn, and Eske M Derks
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Complex diseases are often highly heritable. However, for many complex traits only a small proportion of the heritability can be explained by observed genetic variants in traditional genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Moreover, for some of those traits few significant SNPs have been identified. Single SNP association methods test for association at a single SNP, ignoring the effect of other SNPs. We show using a simple multi-locus odds model of complex disease that moderate to large effect sizes of causal variants may be estimated as relatively small effect sizes in single SNP association testing. This underestimation effect is most severe for diseases influenced by numerous risk variants. We relate the underestimation effect to the concept of non-collapsibility found in the statistics literature. As described, continuous phenotypes generated with linear genetic models are not affected by this underestimation effect. Since many GWA studies apply single SNP analysis to dichotomous phenotypes, previously reported results potentially underestimate true effect sizes, thereby impeding identification of true effect SNPs. Therefore, when a multi-locus model of disease risk is assumed, a multi SNP analysis may be more appropriate.
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- 2011
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6. A global overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture in complex traits
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Christiaan de Leeuw, Kyoko Watanabe, Sophie van der Sluis, Benjamin M. Neale, Ole A. Andreassen, Oleksandr Frei, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Danielle Posthuma, Sven Stringer, Maša Umićević Mirkov, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Human genetics, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D)
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Population ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Genome-wide association study ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetic variation ,Genetic Pleiotropy ,Genetics ,Humans ,Polymorphism ,education ,Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Single Nucleotide ,Genetic architecture ,Human genetics ,Genetics, Population ,Phenotype ,Evolutionary biology ,Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
After a decade of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), fundamental questions in human genetics, such as the extent of pleiotropy across the genome and variation in genetic architecture across traits, are still unanswered. The current availability of hundreds of GWASs provides a unique opportunity to address these questions. We systematically analyzed 4,155 publicly available GWASs. For a subset of well-powered GWASs on 558 traits, we provide an extensive overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture. We show that trait-associated loci cover more than half of the genome, and 90% of these overlap with loci from multiple traits. We find that potential causal variants are enriched in coding and flanking regions, as well as in regulatory elements, and show variation in polygenicity and discoverability of traits. Our results provide insights into how genetic variation contributes to trait variation. All GWAS results can be queried and visualized at the GWAS ATLAS resource ( https://atlas.ctglab.nl ).
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- 2019
7. Combined cellomics and proteomics analysis reveals shared neuronal morphology and molecular pathway phenotypes for multiple schizophrenia risk genes
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Ka Wan Li, Iryna Paliukhovich, Titia Gebuis, Patrick F. Sullivan, Danielle Posthuma, Martina Rosato, Ronald E. van Kesteren, Sven Stringer, August B. Smit, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Complex Trait Genetics, AIMMS, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research
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0301 basic medicine ,Proteomics ,Cell biology ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Genome-wide association study ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Animals ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Gene ,Neurons ,Gene knockdown ,Phenotype ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Schizophrenia ,TBR1 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
An enigma in studies of neuropsychiatric disorders is how to translate polygenic risk into disease biology. For schizophrenia, where > 145 significant GWAS loci have been identified and only a few genes directly implicated, addressing this issue is a particular challenge. We used a combined cellomics and proteomics approach to show that polygenic risk can be disentangled by searching for shared neuronal morphology and cellular pathway phenotypes of candidate schizophrenia risk genes. We first performed an automated high-content cellular screen to characterize neuronal morphology phenotypes of 41 candidate schizophrenia risk genes. The transcription factors Tcf4 and Tbr1 and the RNA topoisomerase Top3b shared a neuronal phenotype marked by an early and progressive reduction in synapse numbers upon knockdown in mouse primary neuronal cultures. Proteomics analysis subsequently showed that these three genes converge onto the syntaxin-mediated neurotransmitter release pathway, which was previously implicated in schizophrenia, but for which genetic evidence was weak. We show that dysregulation of multiple proteins in this pathway may be due to the combined effects of schizophrenia risk genes Tcf4, Tbr1, and Top3b. Together, our data provide new biological functions for schizophrenia risk genes and support the idea that polygenic risk is the result of multiple small impacts on common neuronal signaling pathways.
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- 2019
8. Correction to: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: Genetic overlap and causality
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María Soler Artigas, Anders D. Børglum, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Benjamin M. Neale, Iris Garcia-Martínez, Marta Ribasés, Vanesa Richarte, Paula Rovira, Mireia Pagerols, Barbara Franke, Ditte Demontis, Miguel Casas, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Jacqueline M. Vink, Stephen V. Faraone, and Sven Stringer
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine ,MEDLINE ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Cannabis use ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Developmental Psychopathology ,Molecular Biology ,Causality - Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01049-6.
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- 2021
9. Degree of genetic liability for Alzheimer's disease associated with specific proteomic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid
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Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Lianne M. Reus, Betty M. Tijms, Pieter Jelle Visser, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg, Danielle Posthuma, Sven Stringer, Philip Scheltens, Neurology, Human genetics, Clinical chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, and Complex Trait Genetics
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Male ,Proteomics ,Risk ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,tau Proteins ,Disease ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Neuroimaging ,Alzheimer Disease ,Normal cognition ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 ,Cognitive impairment ,Genetic Association Studies ,CSF albumin ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ,Cell adhesion molecules ,Cell adhesion molecule ,General Neuroscience ,Complement cascades ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities ,medicine.disease ,Polygenic risk scores (PGRS) ,Peptide Fragments ,030104 developmental biology ,Alzheimer's disease (AD) ,alpha-Synuclein ,Cytokines ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Genetic factors play a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but biological mechanisms through which these factors contribute to AD remain elusive. Using a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic approach, we examined associations between polygenic risk scores for AD (PGRS) and CSF proteomic profiles in 250 individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and AD-type dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Out of 412 proteins, 201 were associated with PGRS. Hierarchical clustering analysis on proteins associated with PGRS at different single-nucleotide polymorphism p-value inclusion thresholds identified 3 clusters: (1) a protein cluster correlated with highly significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms, associated with amyloid-beta pathology and complement cascades; (2) a protein cluster associated with PGRS additionally including variants contributing to modest risk, involved in neural injury; (3) a protein cluster that also included less strongly associated variants, enriched with cytokine-cytokine interactions and cell adhesion molecules. These findings suggest that CSF protein levels reflect varying degrees of genetic liability for AD and may serve as a tool to investigate biological mechanisms in AD.
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- 2020
10. Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence
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Dan Rujescu, Vidar M. Steen, Eva Krapohl, Aarno Palotie, Elisabeth Widen, Ingrid Melle, Patrick Sullivan, Katrina L. Grasby, Stephan Ripke, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Christiaan de Leeuw, Panos Bitsios, Nikos C. Stefanis, Tonya White, Gail Davies, Ahmad R. Hariri, Philip R. Jansen, Peter B. Barr, John M. Starr, Max Lam, Ian J. Deary, Sara Hägg, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Bettina Konte, Anil K. Malhotra, Delilah Zabaneh, Kjetil Sundet, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Jakob Kaminski, Danielle M. Dick, Andrea Christoforou, Jin Yu, Gunter Schumann, Matthew A. Scult, Anna C. Need, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Kenneth S. Kendler, Todd Lencz, Dwight Dickinson, Bradley T. Webb, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Stephanie Le Hellard, Gerome Breen, Astri J. Lundervold, Hannah Young, Erin Burke Quinlan, William Ollier, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Emily Drabant Conley, Danielle Posthuma, Sten Linnarsson, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Edythe D. London, Pamela DeRosse, Russell A. Poldrack, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Jeanne E. Savage, Sarah E. Medland, Ana B. Muñoz-Manchado, Richard E. Straub, Robert Plomin, Ida K. Karlsson, Nathan G. Skene, Dan E. Arking, Birgit Debrabant, Joey W. Trampush, Matthew C. Keller, Mats Nagel, Gary Donohoe, Chandra A. Reynolds, Panos Roussos, Lene Christiansen, Ivar Reinvang, Ole A. Andreassen, Antony Payton, Robert Karlsson, Margaret J. Wright, Deborah C. Koltai, Jari Lahti, Andreas Heinz, Tyrone D. Cannon, Eliza Congdon, Olav B. Smeland, Stella G. Giakoumaki, Marianne Nygaard, Julien Bryois, M. Arfan Ikram, Nancy L. Pedersen, Katri Räikkönen, Daniel R. Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Swapnil Awasthi, Sven Stringer, Nelson A. Freimer, Aiden Corvin, Kyoko Watanabe, David C. Glahn, Henning Tiemeier, Grant W. Montgomery, Narelle K. Hansell, Robert M. Bilder, Katherine E. Burdick, Srdjan Djurovic, David C. Liewald, Sophie van der Sluis, Thomas Espeseth, Scott I. Vrieze, Fred W. Sabb, Nicholas G. Martin, Michael Gill, Emma Knowles, Derek W. Morris, Alex Hatzimanolis, Ina Giegling, Johan G. Eriksson, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Epidemiology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Functional Genomics, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D)
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0301 basic medicine ,Nonsynonymous substitution ,Male ,GENERAL COGNITIVE FUNCTION ,Intelligence ,LOCI ,Genome-wide association study ,ANNOTATION ,0302 clinical medicine ,GWAS ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Genetics & Heredity ,RISK ,HERITABILITY ,Brain ,Mendelian Randomization Analysis ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Schizophrenia ,Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,TRAITS ,Adolescent ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Quantitative trait locus ,Brain/physiology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Gene ,Genetic association ,EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT ,Science & Technology ,TEST BATTERIES ,CONSORTIUM ,Intelligence/genetics ,06 Biological Sciences ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Expression quantitative trait loci ,3111 Biomedicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Intelligence is highly heritable 1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being 2 . Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence 3-7 , but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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- 2018
11. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence
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Gerome Breen, Suzanne Sniekers, Neil Pendleton, Robert Plomin, Antony Payton, Magnus Johannesson, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Sven Stringer, Philipp Koellinger, Matt McGue, David Cesarini, Najaf Amin, Christopher F. Chabris, Delilah Zabaneh, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Aysu Okbay, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Michael B. Miller, Danielle Posthuma, Eva Krapohl, Erdogan Taskesen, William G. Iacono, Kyoko Watanabe, Philip R. Jansen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, William E R Ollier, James J. Lee, Henning Tiemeier, M. Arfan Ikram, Neurology, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Applied Economics, Epidemiology, Psychiatry, Mathematics, Complex Trait Genetics, Tinbergen Institute, Graduate School, and Human Genetics
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Adolescent ,European Continental Ancestry Group ,Intelligence ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Biology ,Genetic correlation ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,White People ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,Journal Article ,Brain/metabolism ,Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ,Humans ,Polymorphism ,Child ,Preschool ,Gene ,Aged ,Human intelligence ,Research ,Intelligence/genetics ,Brain ,Infant ,Single Nucleotide ,Heritability ,Middle Aged ,Genetic architecture ,030104 developmental biology ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,White People/genetics ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Intelligence is associated with important economic and health-related life outcomes. Despite intelligence having substantial heritability (0.54) and a confirmed polygenic nature, initial genetic studies were mostly underpowered. Here we report a meta- A nalysis for intelligence of 78,308 individuals. We identify 336 associated SNPs (METAL P < 5 × 10-8) in 18 genomic loci, of which 15 are new. Around half of the SNPs are located inside a gene, implicating 22 genes, of which 11 are new findings. Gene-based analyses identified an additional 30 genes (MAGMA P < 2.73 × 10-6), of which all but one had not been implicated previously. We show that the identified genes are predominantly expressed in brain tissue, and pathway analysis indicates the involvement of genes regulating cell development (MAGMA competitive P = 3.5 × 10-6). Despite the well-known difference in twin-based heritability for intelligence in childhood (0.45) and adulthood (0.80), we show substantial genetic correlation (rg = 0.89, LD score regression P = 5.4 × 10-29). These findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of intelligence.
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- 2017
12. O5‐02‐02: DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF POLYGENIC RISK IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PROTEOMIC MEASURES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
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Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg, Betty M. Tijms, Philip Scheltens, Danielle Posthuma, Sven Stringer, Lianne M. Reus, Pieter Jelle Visser, and Charlotte E. Teunissen
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Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Disease ,Bioinformatics ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Polygenic risk score ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Differential expression ,business - Published
- 2019
13. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new loci and functional pathways influencing Alzheimer’s disease risk
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Julia Sealock, Linda R. White, John Hardy, Geir Bråthen, Danielle Posthuma, Christiaan de Leeuw, Ingvild Saltvedt, Julien Bryois, Lea K. Davis, Timothy J. Hohman, Logan Dumitrescu, Nancy L. Pedersen, Petroula Proitsi, Francesco Bettella, Eystein Stordal, Dylan M. Williams, Sigrid Botne Sando, Sven Stringer, Stacy Steinberg, Jon Snaedal, Steven J. Kiddle, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Fred Andersen, Ida K. Karlsson, Yunpeng Wang, Palmi V. Jonsson, Nicola Voyle, Jeanne E. Savage, Ingun Ulstein, Stephan Ripke, Richard Dobson, Anne Brækhus, Arvid Rongve, Sverre Bergh, Hreinn Stefansson, Dag Aarsland, Kyoko Watanabe, Patrick F. Sullivan, Maryam Shoai, Geir Selbæk, Sigurbjorn Bjornsson, Rahul S. Desikan, Srdjan Djurovic, Ina S. Almdahl, Sara Hägg, Kari Stefansson, Lavinia Athanasiu, Nathan G. Skene, Aree Witoelar, Iris E. Jansen, Ole A. Andreassen, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Tormod Fladby, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Methodology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Complex Trait Genetics, Theoretical Computer Science, Functional Genomics, Jansen, Iris E [0000-0003-1901-8131], Savage, Jeanne E [0000-0002-2034-8341], Steinberg, Stacy [0000-0001-7726-5152], Hägg, Sara [0000-0002-2452-1500], Proitsi, Petroula [0000-0002-2553-6974], Stringer, Sven [0000-0003-3115-8532], Almdahl, Ina S [0000-0001-6070-4921], Bråthen, Geir [0000-0003-3224-7983], de Leeuw, Christiaan [0000-0003-1076-9828], Djurovic, Srdjan [0000-0002-8140-8061], Hohman, Timothy J [0000-0002-3377-7014], Kiddle, Steven J [0000-0003-4350-7437], Skene, Nathan G [0000-0002-6807-3180], Stordal, Eystein [0000-0002-2443-7923], Hjerling-Leffler, Jens [0000-0002-4539-1776], Dobson, Richard [0000-0003-4224-9245], Davis, Lea K [0000-0001-5143-2282], Stefansson, Kari [0000-0003-1676-864X], Andreassen, Ole A [0000-0002-4461-3568], Posthuma, Danielle [0000-0001-7582-2365], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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MISSENSE MUTATIONS ,Male ,Genome-wide association study ,Disease ,VARIANTS ,ANNOTATION ,0302 clinical medicine ,RARE ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,POLYGENIC RISK ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,GENE-EXPRESSION ,Genetics ,Genetics & Heredity ,0303 health sciences ,DEMENTIA ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Geriatrics: 778 ,COGNITIVE RESERVE ,ASSOCIATION ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Alzheimer's disease ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adult ,Risk ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Medisinsk genetikk: 714 ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Biology ,Quantitative trait locus ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710::Medical genetics: 714 ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Alzheimer Disease ,Genetic variation ,Mendelian randomization ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,030304 developmental biology ,Science & Technology ,Case-control study ,06 Biological Sciences ,medicine.disease ,DISCOVERY ,Case-Control Studies ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Geriatri: 778 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly heritable and recent studies have identified over 20 disease-associated genomic loci. Yet these only explain a small proportion of the genetic variance, indicating that undiscovered loci remain. Here, we performed a large genome-wide association study of clinically diagnosed AD and AD-by-proxy (71,880 cases, 383,378 controls). AD-by-proxy, based on parental diagnoses, showed strong genetic correlation with AD (rg = 0.81). Meta-analysis identified 29 risk loci, implicating 215 potential causative genes. Associated genes are strongly expressed in immune-related tissues and cell types (spleen, liver, and microglia). Gene-set analyses indicate biological mechanisms involved in lipid-related processes and degradation of amyloid precursor proteins. We show strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization results suggest a protective effect of cognitive ability on AD risk. These results are a step forward in identifying the genetic factors that contribute to AD risk and add novel insights into the neurobiology of AD. © 2019. This is the authors' accepted and refereed manuscript to the chapter. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0311-9
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- 2019
14. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and lifetime cannabis use: genetic overlap and causality
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Iris Garcia-Martínez, Marta Ribasés, Stephen V. Faraone, Mireia Pagerols, María Soler Artigas, Ditte Demontis, Jacqueline M. Vink, Paula Rovira, Benjamin M. Neale, Sven Stringer, Vanesa Richarte, Anders D. Børglum, Barbara Franke, Miguel Casas, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, and Complex Trait Genetics
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0301 basic medicine ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Context (language use) ,Genome-wide association study ,Marijuana Smoking ,CHILDHOOD ADHD ,SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ,Article ,SUBTYPES ,MOLECULAR-GENETICS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurodevelopmental disorder ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ,Mendelian randomization ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,Molecular Biology ,Genetic association ,Cannabis ,RISK ,Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7] ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Heritability ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ,TRAJECTORIES ,business ,Developmental Psychopathology ,TRAITS ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 219447.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severely impairing neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 5% in children and adolescents and of 2.5% in adults. Comorbid conditions in ADHD play a key role in symptom progression, disorder course and outcome. ADHD is associated with a significantly increased risk for substance use, abuse and dependence. ADHD and cannabis use are partly determined by genetic factors; the heritability of ADHD is estimated at 70-80% and of cannabis use initiation at 40-48%. In this study, we used summary statistics from the largest available meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD (n = 53,293) and lifetime cannabis use (n = 32,330) to gain insights into the genetic overlap and causal relationship of these two traits. We estimated their genetic correlation to be r2 = 0.29 (P = 1.63 x 10-5) and identified four new genome-wide significant loci in a cross-trait analysis: two in a single variant association analysis (rs145108385, P = 3.30 x 10-8 and rs4259397, P = 4.52 x 10-8) and two in a gene-based association analysis (WDPCP, P = 9.67 x 10-7 and ZNF251, P = 1.62 x 10-6). Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach we found support that ADHD is causal for lifetime cannabis use, with an odds ratio of 7.9 for cannabis use in individuals with ADHD in comparison to individuals without ADHD (95% CI (3.72, 15.51), P = 5.88 x 10-5). These results substantiate the temporal relationship between ADHD and future cannabis use and reinforce the need to consider substance misuse in the context of ADHD in clinical interventions. 11 p.
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- 2019
15. Author correction: GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia liability
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Matthijs D. van der Zee, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Jue-Sheng Ong, Bart M. L. Baselmans, Dorret I. Boomsma, Jordana T. Bell, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andrew C. Heath, Jaakko Kaprio, Zdenka Pausova, Nicholas G. Martin, Hill F. Ip, Karin J. H. Verweij, Michel G. Nivard, Jaime Derringer, Sarah L. Elson, Marco P. Boks, Marta Ribasés, Tim D. Spector, John R. B. Perry, Pamela A. F. Madden, Catharina A. Hartman, Felix R. Day, Jacqueline M. Vink, Abraham A. Palmer, Susan Branje, Pol A. C. van Lier, Tomáš Paus, Pierre Fontanillas, Wim Meeus, Reedik Mägi, Grant W. Montgomery, Joëlle A. Pasman, Joel Gelernter, Lea K. Davis, Sven Stringer, James MacKillop, Meike Bartels, Nathan A. Gillespie, Danielle Posthuma, Eske M. Derks, Jorien L. Treur, Stuart MacGregor, Harriet de Wit, Zachary Gerring, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Abdel Abdellaoui, and Marcus R. Munafò
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Genome-wide association study ,23andMe Research Team ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Substance Misuse ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,Genetics ,medicine ,International Cannabis Consortium ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Psychology ,Aetiology ,Psychiatry ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,General Neuroscience ,Human Genome ,Liability ,Causal effect ,Neurosciences ,Cannabis use ,Serious Mental Illness ,Brain Disorders ,Mental Health ,030104 developmental biology ,Schizophrenia ,Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ,Cognitive Sciences ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Developmental Psychopathology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Several occurrences of the word 'schizophrenia' have been re-worded as 'liability to schizophrenia' or 'schizophrenia risk', including in the title, which should have been "GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability", as well as in Supplementary Figures 1-10 and Supplementary Tables 7-10, to more accurately reflect the findings of the work. 1 p.
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- 2019
16. A combined cellomics and proteomics approach to uncover neuronal pathways to psychiatric disorder
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Patrick F. Sullivan, Martina Rosato, August B. Smit, Titia Gebuis, Sven Stringer, Iryna Paliukhovich, Ronald E. van Kesteren, Li, Ka Wan, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms
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Proteomics ,High-content screening ,Proteome ,Context (language use) ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Psychiatric disorders ,Neuronal pathway ,Interactome ,Gene ,Cellomics - Abstract
Studying biological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders is highly challenging as many risk genes are associated with these disorders. This complexity requires research approaches to reliably dissect the cell biology of the risk genes involved. Here, we describe a combined cellomics–proteomics approach that allows (a) medium-throughput functional screening and unbiased selection of important risk genes, and (b) discovery of common functional pathways and interactome connections of selected risk genes. The overlay of pathway and proteome data from selected genes in a biological context can be used to formulate new testable hypothesis of both the genetics and the biology of the disorders.
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- 2019
17. Author Correction: Majority of human traits do not show evidence for sex-specific genetic and environmental effects
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Tinca J. C. Polderman, Sven Stringer, and Danielle Posthuma
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Published Erratum ,lcsh:R ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Biology ,Sex specific ,03 medical and health sciences ,Text mining ,Evolutionary biology ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,business - Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
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- 2018
18. A global overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture in complex traits
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Kyoko Watanabe, Sven Stringer, Maša Umićević Mirkov, Danielle Posthuma, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Oleksandr Frei, Ole A. Andreassen, Sophie van der Sluis, and Benjamin M. Neale
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0303 health sciences ,Genetic variants ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,Genome ,Human genetics ,Genetic architecture ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetic variation ,Trait ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association - Abstract
After a decade of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), fundamental questions in human genetics are still unanswered, such as the extent of pleiotropy across the genome, the nature of trait-associated genetic variants and the disparate genetic architecture across human traits. The current availability of hundreds of GWAS results provide the unique opportunity to gain insight into these questions. In this study, we harmonized and systematically analysed 4,155 publicly available GWASs. For a subset of well-powered GWAS on 558 unique traits, we provide an extensive overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture. We show that trait associated loci cover more than half of the genome, and 90% of those loci are associated with multiple trait domains. We further show that potential causal genetic variants are enriched in coding and flanking regions, as well as in regulatory elements, and how trait-polygenicity is related to an estimate of the required sample size to detect 90% of causal genetic variants. Our results provide novel insights into how genetic variation contributes to trait variation. All GWAS results can be queried and visualized at the GWAS ATLAS resource (http://atlas.ctglab.nl).
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
19. Author Correction: Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new loci and functional pathways influencing Alzheimer’s disease risk
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Sverre Bergh, Yunpeng Wang, Geir Selbæk, Kyoko Watanabe, Patrick F. Sullivan, John Hardy, Stacy Steinberg, Sara Hägg, Jeanne E. Savage, Julia Sealock, Kari Stefansson, Linda R. White, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Geir Bråthen, Ina S. Almdahl, Tormod Fladby, Steven J. Kiddle, Srdjan Djurovic, Nathan G. Skene, Sigrid Botne Sando, Danielle Posthuma, Rahul S. Desikan, Christiaan de Leeuw, Dag Aarsland, Nicola Voyle, Iris E. Jansen, Ole A. Andreassen, Francesco Bettella, Hreinn Stefansson, Aree Witoelar, Fred Andersen, Ingvild Saltvedt, Petroula Proitsi, Sigurbjorn Bjornsson, Ingun Ulstein, Jon Snaedal, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Arvid Rongve, Logan Dumitrescu, Sven Stringer, Palmi V. Jonsson, Timothy J. Hohman, Richard Dobson, Eystein Stordal, Lavinia Athanasiu, Maryam Shoai, Julien Bryois, Lea K. Davis, Nancy L. Pedersen, Ida K. Karlsson, Anne Brækhus, Dylan M. Williams, Stephan Ripke, Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics
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0303 health sciences ,MEDLINE ,Genome-wide association study ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities ,Biology ,Biobank ,Summary statistics ,Genome ,Decimal ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Meta-analysis ,Statistics ,Genetics ,Disease risk ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly heritable and recent studies have identified over 20 disease-associated genomic loci. Yet these only explain a small proportion of the genetic variance, indicating that undiscovered loci remain. Here, we performed a large genome-wide association study of clinically diagnosed AD and AD-by-proxy (71,880 cases, 383,378 controls). AD-by-proxy, based on parental diagnoses, showed strong genetic correlation with AD (r(g)=0.81). Meta-analysis identified 29 risk loci, implicating 215 potential causative genes. Associated genes are strongly expressed in immune-related tissues and cell types (spleen, liver and microglia). Gene-set analyses indicate biological mechanisms involved in lipid-related processes and degradation of amyloid precursor proteins. We show strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomisation results suggest a protective effect of cognitive ability on AD risk. These results are a step forward in identifying the genetic factors that contribute to AD risk and add novel insights into the neurobiology of AD.
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- 2020
20. Author Correction: A global overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture in complex traits
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Ole A. Andreassen, Oleksandr Frei, Danielle Posthuma, Kyoko Watanabe, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Maša Umićević Mirkov, Christiaan de Leeuw, Sven Stringer, Sophie van der Sluis, Benjamin M. Neale, Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics
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0303 health sciences ,Published Erratum ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,MEDLINE ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Genetic architecture ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pleiotropy (drugs) ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Genetics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
In the version of this article originally published, the captions of Fig. 1e,f were incorrectly swapped. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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- 2020
21. A tutorial on conducting genome-wide association studies: Quality control and statistical analysis
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Eske M. Derks, Andries T. Marees, Hilde de Kluiver, Cynthia Marie-Claire, Florence Vorspan, Sven Stringer, Emmanuel Curis, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris (UPD5 Pharmacie), Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-CHU Saint Louis [APHP], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Variabilité de réponse aux Psychotropes (VariaPsy - U1144), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), APH - Mental Health, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Graduate School, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, and Biological Psychology
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0301 basic medicine ,Quality Control ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Computer science ,polygenic risk score (PRS) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,Genome-wide association study ,Guidelines as Topic ,computer.software_genre ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Risk Assessment ,Field (computer science) ,GitHub ,03 medical and health sciences ,tutorial ,Software ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Humans ,PLINK ,Statistical analysis ,Quality (business) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Genetic association ,media_common ,business.industry ,genome-wide association study (GWAS) ,Data science ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Scripting language ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,business ,computer ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Objectives: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become increasingly popular to identify associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypic traits. The GWAS method is commonly applied within the social sciences. However, statistical analyses will need to be carefully conducted and the use of dedicated genetics software will be required. This tutorial aims to provide a guideline for conducting genetic analyses. Methods: We discuss and explain key concepts and illustrate how to conduct GWAS using example scripts provided through GitHub (https://github.com/MareesAT/GWA_tutorial/). In addition to the illustration of standard GWAS, we will also show how to apply polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. PRS does not aim to identify individual SNPs but aggregates information from SNPs across the genome in order to provide individual-level scores of genetic risk. Results: The simulated data and scripts that will be illustrated in the current tutorial provide hands-on practice with genetic analyses. The scripts are based on PLINK, PRSice, and R, which are commonly used, freely available software tools that are accessible for novice users. Conclusions: By providing theoretical background and hands-on experience, we aim to make GWAS more accessible to researchers without formal training in the field.
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- 2018
22. Item-level analyses reveal genetic heterogeneity in neuroticism
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Sophie van der Sluis, Sven Stringer, Mats Nagel, Danielle Posthuma, Kyoko Watanabe, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, Human genetics, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D)
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0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,Quantitative trait locus ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Genetic Heterogeneity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,10. No inequality ,lcsh:Science ,Behavioural genetics ,Genetic association ,media_common ,Neuroticism ,Multidisciplinary ,Genetic heterogeneity ,food and beverages ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,General Chemistry ,Hierarchical clustering ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Q ,Worry ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychological traits are generally conducted on (dichotomized) sums of items or symptoms (e.g., case-control status), and not on the individual items or symptoms themselves. We conduct large-scale GWAS on 12 neuroticism items and observe notable and replicable variation in genetic signal between items. Within samples, genetic correlations among the items range between 0.38 and 0.91 (mean rg = .63), indicating genetic heterogeneity in the full item set. Meta-analyzing the two samples, we identify 255 genome-wide significant independent genomic regions, of which 138 are item-specific. Genetic analyses and genetic correlations with 33 external traits support genetic differences between the items. Hierarchical clustering analysis identifies two genetically homogeneous item clusters denoted depressed affect and worry. We conclude that the items used to measure neuroticism are genetically heterogeneous, and that biological understanding can be gained by studying them in genetically more homogeneous clusters., Neuroticism can be assessed as a composite score of individual items. Here, Nagel et al. perform genetic association studies for 12 neuroticism items and the sum-score and demonstrate genetic heterogeneity at the item-level.
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- 2018
23. Genetic meta-analysis identifies 9 novel loci and functional pathways for Alzheimer’s disease risk
- Author
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Stephan Ripke, Dag Aarsland, Sverre Bergh, Eystein Stordal, Ida K. Karlsson, Christiaan de Leeuw, Anne Brækhus, Petroula Proitsi, Jon Snaedal, Sven Stringer, Dylan M. Williams, Rahul S. Desikan, Sigrid Botne Sando, Palmi V. Jonsson, Francesco Bettella, Wiesje M. van der Flier, K Arvid Rongve, Fred Andersen, Nicola Voyle, Julien Bryois, Lea K. Davis, Logan Dumitrescu, Kari Stefansson, Nancy L. Pedersen, Tormod Fladby, Sigurbjorn Bjornsson, Ingun Ulstein, Geir Selbæk, Steven J. Kiddle, Sara Hägg, Danielle Posthuma, Nathan Skenne, Timothy Homan, Lavinia Athanasiu, Aree Witoelar, Kyoko Watanabe, Patrick F. Sullivan, Yunpeng Wang, Stacy Steinberg, Ina S. Almdahl, Hreinn Stefansson, Jeanne E. Savage, Julia Sealock, Linda R. White, Iris E. Jansen, Geir Bråthen, Ole A. Andreassen, Ingvild Saltvedt, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Srdjan Djurovic, and Richard Dobson
- Subjects
Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Disease ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Genetic correlation ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug development ,Meta-analysis ,Genetic variation ,Mendelian inheritance ,symbols ,medicine ,Dementia ,Gene ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with more than 35 million people affected worldwide, and no curative treatment available. AD is highly heritable and recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified over 20 genomic loci associated with AD, yet only explaining a small proportion of the genetic variance indicating that undiscovered loci exist. Here, we performed the largest genome-wide association study of clinically diagnosed AD and AD-by-proxy (71,880 AD cases, 383,378 controls). AD-by-proxy status is based on parental AD diagnosis, and showed strong genetic correlation with AD (rg=0.81). Genetic meta analysis identified 29 risk loci, of which 9 are novel, and implicating 215 potential causative genes. Independent replication further supports these novel loci in AD. Associated genes are strongly expressed in immune-related tissues and cell types (spleen, liver and microglia). Furthermore, gene-set analyses indicate the genetic contribution of biological mechanisms involved in lipid-related processes and degradation of amyloid precursor proteins. We show strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomisation results suggest a protective effect of cognitive ability on AD risk. These results are a step forward in identifying more of the genetic factors that contribute to AD risk and add novel insights into the neurobiology of AD to guide new drug development.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Genome-wide Analysis of Insomnia (N=1,331,010) Identifies Novel Loci and Functional Pathways
- Author
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Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Kyoko Watanabe, van der Sluis S, Jeanne E. Savage, Van Someren Ej, Henning Tiemeier, Sven Stringer, David A. Hinds, Julien Bryois, de Leeuw Ca, Jeroen S. Benjamins, Vacic, Danielle Posthuma, Mats Nagel, Joyce Y. Tung, Ana B. Muñoz-Manchado, Tonya White, August B. Smit, Philip R. Jansen, P.F. Sullivan, and Nathan G. Skene
- Subjects
Genetics ,Cell type ,Expression quantitative trait loci ,Mendelian randomization ,Biology ,Medium spiny neuron ,Gene ,Genetic association ,Arousal ,Chromatin - Abstract
Insomnia is the second-most prevalent mental disorder, with no sufficient treatment available. Despite a substantial role of genetic factors, only a handful of genes have been implicated and insight into the associated neurobiological pathways remains limited. Here, we use an unprecedented large genetic association sample (N=1,331,010) to allow detection of a substantial number of genetic variants and gain insight into biological functions, cell types and tissues involved in insomnia complaints. We identify 202 genome-wide significant loci implicating 956 genes through positional, eQTL and chromatin interaction mapping. We show involvement of the axonal part of neurons, of specific cortical and subcortical tissues, and of two specific cell-types in insomnia: striatal medium spiny neurons and hypothalamic neurons. These cell-types have been implicated previously in the regulation of reward processing, sleep and arousal in animal studies, but have never been genetically linked to insomnia in humans. We found weak genetic correlations with other sleep-related traits, but strong genetic correlations with psychiatric and metabolic traits. Mendelian randomization identified causal effects of insomnia on specific psychiatric and metabolic traits. Our findings reveal key brain areas and cells implicated in the neurobiology of insomnia and its related disorders, and provide novel targets for treatment.
- Published
- 2018
25. Genome-wide association analysis of lifetime cannabis use (N=184,765) identifies new risk loci, genetic overlap with mental health, and a causal influence of schizophrenia on cannabis use
- Author
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Lea K. Davis, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Joëlle A. Pasman, James MacKillop, Grant W. Montgomery, Sarah L. Elson, Jordana T. Bell, Karin J. H. Verweij, Marta Ribasés, Jaakko Kaprio, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Zdenka Pausova, Jue-Sheng Ong, Nathan A. Gillespie, Marco P. Boks, Bart M. L. Baselmans, Harriet de Wit, Nicholas G. Martin, Jaime Derringer, John R. B. Perry, Stuart MacGregor, Zachary Gerring, Andrew C. Heath, Joel Gelernter, Pamela A. F. Madden, Michel G. Nivard, Abraham A. Palmer, Felix R. Day, Jorien L. Treur, Catharina A. Hartman, Pierre Fontanillas, Jacqueline M. Vink, Matthijs D. van der Zee, Wim Meeus, Danielle Posthuma, Sven Stringer, Abdel Abdellaoui, Thomas Paus, Marcus R. Munafò, Pol A. C. van Lier, Eske M. Derks, Meike Bartels, Hill F. Ip, Reedik Mägi, Dorret I. Boomsma, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Susan Branje, and Tim D. Spector
- Subjects
Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Genome-wide association study ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,Schizophrenia ,Trait ,Mendelian inheritance ,symbols ,medicine ,SNP ,Bipolar disorder ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Cannabis use is a heritable trait [1] that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. To identify risk variants and improve our knowledge of the genetic etiology of cannabis use, we performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for lifetime cannabis use (N=184,765) to date. We identified 4 independent loci containing genome-wide significant SNP associations. Gene-based tests revealed 29 genome-wide significant genes located in these 4 loci and 8 additional regions. All SNPs combined explained 10% of the variance in lifetime cannabis use. The most significantly associated gene, CADM2, has previously been associated with substance use and risk-taking phenotypes [2–4]. We used S-PrediXcan to explore gene expression levels and found 11 unique eGenes. LD-score regression uncovered genetic correlations with smoking, alcohol use and mental health outcomes, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mendelian randomisation analysis provided evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on lifetime cannabis use.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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26. Conditional and interaction gene-set analysis reveals novel functional pathways for blood pressure
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Ilona A. Dekkers, Danielle Posthuma, Sven Stringer, Tom Heskes, Christiaan de Leeuw, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Human genetics, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D)
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0301 basic medicine ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Blood Pressure ,Computational biology ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Biological property ,Gene set analysis ,medicine ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Models, Statistical ,Multidisciplinary ,Data Science ,Confounding ,Computational Biology ,General Chemistry ,Biobank ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Q ,Blood vessel - Abstract
Gene-set analysis provides insight into which functional and biological properties of genes are aetiologically relevant for a particular phenotype. But genes have multiple properties, and these properties are often correlated across genes. This can cause confounding in a gene-set analysis, because one property may be statistically associated even if biologically irrelevant to the phenotype, by being correlated with gene properties that are relevant. To address this issue we present a novel conditional and interaction gene-set analysis approach, which attains considerable functional refinement of its conclusions compared to traditional gene-set analysis. We applied our approach to blood pressure phenotypes in the UK Biobank data (N = 360,243), the results of which we report here. We confirm and further refine several associations with multiple processes involved in heart and blood vessel formation but also identify novel interactions, among others with cardiovascular tissues involved in regulatory pathways of blood pressure homoeostasis.
- Published
- 2018
27. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia
- Author
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Joëlle A. Pasman, Karin J. H. Verweij, Zachary Gerring, Sven Stringer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Jorien L. Treur, Abdel Abdellaoui, Michel G. Nivard, Bart M. L. Baselmans, Jue-Sheng Ong, Hill F. Ip, Matthijs D. van der Zee, Meike Bartels, Felix R. Day, Pierre Fontanillas, Sarah L. Elson, Harriet de Wit, Lea K. Davis, James MacKillop, Jaime L. Derringer, Susan J. T. Branje, Catharina A. Hartman, Andre
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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28. 65GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF INSOMNIA AND SLEEP-RELATED TRAITS IN OVER 1 MILLION INDIVIDUALS IDENTIFIES NOVEL GENES AND PATHWAYS
- Author
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Julien Bryois, Vladimir Vacic, August B. Smit, Patrick Sullivan, Philip R. Jansen, Eus J.W. Van Someren, Sven Stringer, David A. Hinds, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Nathan G. Skene, Danielle Posthuma, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Joyce Y. Tung, Ana B. Muñoz-Manchado, and Kyoko Watanabe
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Novel gene ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Insomnia ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Biological Psychiatry - Published
- 2019
29. Genome-wide association analysis of insomnia complaints identifies risk genes and genetic overlap with psychiatric and metabolic traits
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Christiaan de Leeuw, Thorarinn Gislason, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Tessa F. Blanken, Bart H W Te Lindert, Kari Stefansson, Kim Dekker, Hreinn Stefansson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Juliane Winkelmann, Klaus Berger, Kyoko Watanabe, Erdogan Taskesen, Danielle Posthuma, Barbara Schormair, Eus J.W. Van Someren, Juergen Wellmann, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Rick Wassing, Konrad Oexle, Sven Stringer, Suzanne Sniekers, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Mathematics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Integrative Neurophysiology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Neurology, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, and Human genetics
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Gene Expression ,Genome-wide association study ,Type D Personality ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene Frequency ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Protein Interaction Mapping ,Insomnia ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein ,Genetics ,Genome ,Chromosome Mapping ,Single Nucleotide ,3. Good health ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Educational Status ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Human ,Adult ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Genetic correlation ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,Restless Legs Syndrome ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Polymorphism ,Allele frequency ,Alleles ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Genome, Human ,Type D personality ,Genetic architecture ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetic Loci ,Quality of Life ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Persistent insomnia is among the most frequent complaints in general practice. To identify genetic factors for insomnia complaints, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a genome-wide gene-based association study (GWGAS) in 113,006 individuals. We identify three loci and seven genes associated with insomnia complaints, with the associations for one locus and five genes supported by joint analysis with an independent sample (n = 7,565). Our top association (MEIS1, P < 5 × 10 -8) has previously been implicated in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Additional analyses favor the hypothesis that MEIS1 exhibits pleiotropy for insomnia and RLS and show that the observed association with insomnia complaints cannot be explained only by the presence of an RLS subgroup within the cases. Sex-specific analyses suggest that there are different genetic architectures between the sexes in addition to shared genetic factors. We show substantial positive genetic correlation of insomnia complaints with internalizing personality traits and metabolic traits and negative correlation with subjective well-being and educational attainment. These findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of insomnia.
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- 2017
30. A guide on gene prioritization in studies of psychiatric disorders
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Wim van den Brink, Julia F. van den Berg, Eske M. Derks, Kim C Cerrone, Sven Stringer, René S. Kahn, and Damiaan Denys
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sample size determination ,medicine ,Identification (biology) ,Genome-wide association study ,Cognition ,Introduction to genetics ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Association (psychology) ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Genetic association - Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in the identification of genetic variants causing individual differences in human behavior. Psychiatrists have contributed to the genetics field by defining the most important behavioral characteristics and by studying the association between genetic variants and behavioral differences within phenotypically well-characterized samples in which detailed assessments have been collected (e.g. neuroimaging). These samples are typically limited in size and are therefore not suitable for a genome-wide association analysis. Instead, gene association studies conducted in such samples typically focus on a few genes of interest, allowing smaller sample sizes. However, the selection of high-priority genes is not always straightforward and psychiatrists will usually have a limited background in genetics. We aim to fill this gap by (i) providing a basic introduction to genetics; (ii) showing how the selection of genes of interest can be optimized by the use of two web tools: Polysearch and Gene Prospector; (iii) illustrating how statistical power analyses can be performed and discussing the importance of sufficiently powered studies. This guide can help psychiatrists with limited experience in genetics in designing genetic studies that allow identification of specific behavioral, cognitive, or neural correlates of genetic risk variants, while avoiding common pitfalls. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- 2015
31. Genetic liability for schizophrenia predicts risk of immune disorders
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Lot de Witte, Sven Stringer, Eske M. Derks, Roel A. Ophoff, René S. Kahn, Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, and Adult Psychiatry
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Male ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Genetic overlap ,Type 2 diabetes ,Review ,medicine.disease_cause ,Risk Factors ,Medicine ,Non-U.S. Gov't ,Human leukocyte antigen system ,education.field_of_study ,Principal Component Analysis ,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ,Single Nucleotide ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Immune System Diseases ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Research Support ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,N.I.H ,Polygenic risk score ,Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Polymorphism ,education ,Biological Psychiatry ,Type 1 diabetes ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Extramural ,Immune dysregulation ,medicine.disease ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Immune disorder ,business ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia patients and their parents have an increased risk of immune disorders compared to population controls and their parents. This may be explained by genetic overlap in the pathogenesis of both types of disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic overlap between schizophrenia and three immune disorders and to compare with the overlap between schizophrenia and two disorders not primarily characterized by immune dysregulation: bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes.METHODS: We performed a polygenic risk score analysis using results from the schizophrenia Psychiatric GWAS consortium (PGC) (8922 cases and 9528 controls) and five Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) case samples as target cases: bipolar disorder (n=1998), type 1 diabetes (n=2000), Crohn's diseases (n=2005), rheumatoid arthritis (n=1999), and type 2 diabetes (n=1999). The WTCCC British Birth Cohort and National Blood Service samples (n=3004) were used as target controls. Additionally, we tested whether schizophrenia polygenic risk scores significantly differed between patients with immune disorder, bipolar disorder, and type 2 diabetes respectively.RESULTS: Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia significantly predicted disease status in all three immune disorder samples (Nagelkerke-R(2) 1.1%-1.3%; pCONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic factors are shared between schizophrenia and immune disorders. This contributes to an accumulating body of evidence that immune processes may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia.
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- 2014
32. Erratum: Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence
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Suzanne Sniekers, Sven Stringer, Kyoko Watanabe, Philip R Jansen, Jonathan R I Coleman, Eva Krapohl, Erdogan Taskesen, Anke R Hammerschlag, Aysu Okbay, Delilah Zabaneh, Najaf Amin, Gerome Breen, David Cesarini, Christopher F Chabris, William G Iacono, M Arfan Ikram, Magnus Johannesson, Philipp Koellinger, James J Lee, Patrik K E Magnusson, Matt McGue, Mike B Miller, William E R Ollier, Antony Payton, Neil Pendleton, Robert Plomin, Cornelius A Rietveld, Henning Tiemeier, Cornelia M van Duijn, Danielle Posthuma, Clinical genetics, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, and Psychiatry
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,Journal Article ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Published
- 2017
33. GWAS meta-analysis (N=279,930) identifies new genes and functional links to intelligence
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Lene Christiansen, Robert M. Bilder, Katherine E. Burdick, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Ana B. Muñoz-Manchado, Gary Donohoe, Matthew C. Keller, Stephan Ripke, Anil K. Malhotra, Delilah Zabaneh, Andrea Christoforou, Matthew A. Scult, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Scott I. Vrieze, Fred W. Sabb, Stella G. Giakoumaki, Nathan G. Skene, Ole A. Andreassen, Nicholas G. Martin, Jari Lahti, Anna C. Need, Philip R. Jansen, Todd Lencz, Emma Knowles, Peter B. Barr, Pamela DeRosse, Russell A. Poldrack, Henning Tiemeier, Sten Linnarsson, Hannah Young, Emily Drabant Conley, Dan E. Arking, Jin Yu, Grant W. Montgomery, Danielle Posthuma, Dwight Dickinson, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Gerome Breen, Gunter Schumann, Michael Gill, Erin Burke Quinlan, Robert Plomin, Kyoko Watanabe, Joey W. Trampush, John M. Starr, Katri Räikkönen, Narelle K. Hansell, Eliza Congdon, Olav B. Smeland, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Richard E. Straub, Aiden Corvin, Chandra A. Reynolds, Astri J. Lundervold, Bradley T. Webb, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Srdjan Djurovic, Margaret J. Wright, Kjetil Sundet, Ivar Reinvang, Robert Karlsson, Deborah C. Koltai, Ina Giegling, Alex Hatzimanolis, David C. Liewald, William Ollier, Sophie van der Sluis, Edythe D. London, Tyrone D. Cannon, Thomas Espeseth, M. Arfan Ikram, Ian J. Deary, Christiaan de Leeuw, Daniel R. Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Jakob Kaminski, Danielle M. Dick, Panos Bitsios, Nikos C. Stefanis, Tonya White, Bettina Konte, Ida K. Karlsson, Mats Nagel, Derek W. Morris, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Swapnil Awasthi, Antony Payton, Julien Bryois, Nelson A. Freimer, Nancy L. Pedersen, Panos Roussos, Andreas Heinz, Johan G. Eriksson, Marianne Nygaard, Birgit Debrabant, Aarno Palotie, Elisabeth Widen, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Patrick Sullivan, Ingrid Melle, Dan Rujescu, Vidar M. Steen, Eva Krapohl, Katrina L. Grasby, Max Lam, Stephanie Le Hellard, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jeanne E. Savage, Sarah E. Medland, Sven Stringer, David C. Glahn, Gail Davies, Ahmad R. Hariri, Sara Hägg, and Dimitrios Avramopoulos
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Genetics ,Nonsynonymous substitution ,0303 health sciences ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pleiotropy ,Mendelian randomization ,Expression quantitative trait loci ,Neuron differentiation ,Gene ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association - Abstract
Intelligence is highly heritable1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being2. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to intelligence3–7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present the largest genetic association study of intelligence to date (N=279,930), identifying 206 genomic loci (191 novel) and implicating 1,041 genes (963 novel) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and identify 89 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain and specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene-set analyses implicate pathways related to neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with several neuropsychiatric disorders, and Mendelian Randomization results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer’s dementia and ADHD, and bidirectional causation with strong pleiotropy for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of intelligence as well as genetically associated neuropsychiatric traits.
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- 2017
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34. GWAS Meta-Analysis of Neuroticism (N=449,484) Identifies Novel Genetic Loci and Pathways
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Philip R. Jansen, Jeanne E. Savage, Ana B. Muñoz-Manchado, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Kyoko Watanabe, Danielle Posthuma, Patrick F. Sullivan, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Tonya White, Nathan G. Skene, Sven Stringer, Sophie van der Sluis, Henning Tiemeier, Christiaan de Leeuw, Sten Linnarsson, Julien Bryois, and Mats Nagel
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Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Neurogenesis ,Dopaminergic ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Serotonergic ,Medium spiny neuron ,Neuroticism ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Schizophrenia ,medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association - Abstract
Neuroticism is an important risk factor for psychiatric traits including depression1, anxiety2,3, and schizophrenia4–6. Previous genome-wide association studies7–12 (GWAS) reported 16 genomic loci10–12. Here we report the largest neuroticism GWAS meta-analysis to date (N=449,484), and identify 136 independent genome-wide significant loci (124 novel), implicating 599 genes. Extensive functional follow-up analyses show enrichment in several brain regions and involvement of specific cell-types, including dopaminergic neuroblasts (P=3×10-8), medium spiny neurons (P=4×10-8) and serotonergic neurons (P=1×10-7). Gene-set analyses implicate three specific pathways: neurogenesis (P=4.4×10-9), behavioural response to cocaine processes (P=1.84×10-7), and axon part (P=5.26×10-8). We show that neuroticism’s genetic signal partly originates in two genetically distinguishable subclusters13 (depressed affect and worry, the former being genetically strongly related to depression, rg=0.84), suggesting distinct causal mechanisms for subtypes of individuals. These results vastly enhance our neurobiological understanding of neuroticism, and provide specific leads for functional follow-up experiments.
- Published
- 2017
35. Majority of human traits do not show evidence for sex-specific genetic and environmental effects
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Sven Stringer, Danielle Posthuma, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), and Complex Trait Genetics
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,SDG 5 - Gender Equality ,lcsh:R ,Genetic variants ,lcsh:Medicine ,Sex specific ,Article ,Clinical Practice ,Sexual dimorphism ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Variation (linguistics) ,Trait ,Etiology ,Same sex ,Journal Article ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,Author Correction ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Sex differences in the etiology of human trait variation are a major topic of interest in the social and medical sciences given its far-reaching implications. For example, in genetic research, the presence of sex-specific effects would require sex-stratified analysis, and in clinical practice sex-specific treatments would be warranted. Here, we present a study of 2,335,920 twin pairs, in which we tested sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to variation in 2,608 reported human traits, clustered in 50 trait categories. Monozygotic and dizygotic male and female twin correlations were used to test whether the amount of genetic and environmental influences was equal between the sexes. By comparing dizygotic opposite sex twin correlations with dizygotic same sex twin correlations we could also test whether sex-specific genetic or environmental factors were involved. We observed for only 3% of all trait categories sex differences in the amount of etiological influences. Sex-specific genetic factors were observed for 25% of trait categories, often involving obviously sex-dependent trait categories such as puberty-related disorders. Our findings show that for most traits the number of sex-specific genetic variants will be small. For those traits where we do report sexual dimorphism, sex-specific approaches may aid in future gene-finding efforts.
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- 2017
36. 61ITEM-LEVEL STUDY OF NEUROTICISM REVEALS GENETIC HETEROGENEITY
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Danielle Posthuma, Sophie van der Sluis, Kyoko Watanabe, Sven Stringer, and Mats Nagel
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Pharmacology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Genetic heterogeneity ,Evolutionary biology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biology ,Neuroticism ,Biological Psychiatry - Published
- 2019
37. SU27A GLOBAL VIEW OF GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AND PLEIOTROPY IN HUMAN COMPLEX TRAITS
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Sven Stringer, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Kyoko Watanabe, and Danielle Posthuma
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Pharmacology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Pleiotropy ,Evolutionary biology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biology ,Biological Psychiatry ,Genetic architecture - Published
- 2019
38. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION META-ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES NEW LOCI AND GENES INFLUENCING HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
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Suzanne Sniekers, Kyoko Watanabe, Henning Tiemeier, Sven Stringer, Jeanne E. Savage, Neil Pendleton, Philip R. Jansen, Danielle Posthuma, A Payton, Gerome Breen, Robert Plomin, and Cornelia M. van Duijn
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Pharmacology ,Genetics ,Human intelligence ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,Population stratification ,Genetic architecture ,Minor allele frequency ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biological Psychiatry ,Imputation (genetics) ,Genetic association - Abstract
Background Intelligence is associated with important economic and health-related life outcomes. Despite substantial heritability (0.54) and confirmed polygenic nature, initial genetic studies were mostly underpowered. We recently conducted a meta-analysis for intelligence of 78,308 individuals, and report 18 genomic loci, of which 15 are novel and 52 genes, of which 40 are novel. We expect to have increased this sample size further by October 2017. Methods The combined data currently available data yielded GWAS information for intelligence for 78,308 unrelated individuals from 13 cohorts. All association studies were performed on individuals of European descent; standard quality-control procedures included correcting for population stratification and filtering on minor allele frequency and imputation quality. As eight out of the 13 cohorts consisted of children (aged Results We identify 336 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (METAL P Discussion Of all 52 genes that were implicated, 35 were reported in the GWAS catalog for a previous association with at least one of 67 distinct traits. Nine genes (ATP2A1, NEGR1, SKAP1, FOXO3, COL16A1, YIPF7, DCC, SH2B1 and TUFM) were previously implicated with body mass index, seven (CYP2D6, NAGA, NDUFA6, TCF20 and SEPT3, FAM109B and MEF2C) with schizophrenia0 and four (NEGR1, SH2B1, DCC and WNT4) with obesity. EXOC4 and MEF2C have been associated previously with Alzheimer's disease. This is the largest GWAS for intelligence so far and for the first time shows multiple robust associations for intelligence, suggesting several functional mechanisms, such as neuronal development and regulation of cell death. These findings provide novel insight into the genetic architecture of intelligence, which may also be important to various psychiatric traits such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
- Published
- 2019
39. A systems medicine research approach for studying alcohol addiction
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Anita C. Hansson, Uli S Zimmermann, Valentina Vengeliene, Michael N. Smolka, Eske M. Derks, Henrik Walter, Yannick Smits, Gunter Schumann, Franziska Matthäus, Wolfgang H. Sommer, Marcella Rietschel, Falk Kiefer, Patrick Schloss, Markus M. Nöthen, Henrike Scholz, Daniel Durstewitz, Georg Köhr, Wolfgang Wurst, Hamid R. Noori, Rainer Spanagel, Klaus Obermayer, Andreas Heinz, and Sven Stringer
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Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Binge drinking ,Precision medicine ,Relapse prevention ,Clinical trial ,Systems medicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Intervention (counseling) ,Health care ,medicine ,business ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about 2 billion people drink alcohol. Excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcohol addiction, which is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases afflicting our society today. Prevention and intervention of alcohol binging in adolescents and treatment of alcoholism are major unmet challenges affecting our health-care system and society alike. Our newly formed German SysMedAlcoholism consortium is using a new systems medicine approach and intends (1) to define individual neurobehavioral risk profiles in adolescents that are predictive of alcohol use disorders later in life and (2) to identify new pharmacological targets and molecules for the treatment of alcoholism. To achieve these goals, we will use omics-information from epigenomics, genetics transcriptomics, neurodynamics, global neurochemical connectomes and neuroimaging (IMAGEN; Schumann et al. ) to feed mathematical prediction modules provided by two Bernstein Centers for Computational Neurosciences (Berlin and Heidelberg/Mannheim), the results of which will subsequently be functionally validated in independent clinical samples and appropriate animal models. This approach will lead to new early intervention strategies and identify innovative molecules for relapse prevention that will be tested in experimental human studies. This research program will ultimately help in consolidating addiction research clusters in Germany that can effectively conduct large clinical trials, implement early intervention strategies and impact political and healthcare decision makers.
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- 2013
40. Happiness, health, and mortality
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Sven Stringer, Coosje Lisabet Sterre Veldkamp, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Department of Methodology and Statistics
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Warrant ,Letter ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Happiness ,Comment ,MEDLINE ,050109 social psychology ,General Medicine ,Affect (psychology) ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Contradiction ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Female ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
26 www.thelancet.com Vol 388 July 2, 2016 disappears. However, if unhappiness were to affect mortality, it would probably do so by fi rst aff ecting health. As the authors discuss, health and happiness are strongly correlated. Since the two variables were measured at the same timepoint, what drives this strong correlation is impossible to tell from the reported data. In other words, are unhealthy people unhappy because they are unhealthy or can unhappiness also decrease health? Adjustment for health does not answer this fundamental question. For example, health has a decreased effect on mortality after correction for happiness. This result simply reflects the strong correlation between health and happiness and would not warrant the conclusion that the eff ect of health on mortality is smaller than what was previously thought. To answer this question, health and happiness should be recorded at several timepoints and whether or not unhappy people tend to become unhealthy after adjustment for unhealthy behaviour should be tested. Therefore, to interpret the interesting results of Liu and colleagues as a defi nitive contradiction of previous results, suggesting that happiness can affect health and mortality, would be premature.
- Published
- 2016
41. Connecting the dots, genome-wide association studies in substance use
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Jaakko Kaprio, Sven Stringer, Iris Garcia Martínez, Eske Derks, Michel Nivard, Penelope A. Lind, Tellervo Korhonen, Camelia Minica, Hamdi Mbarek, Anu-Maria Loukola, Pediatric surgery, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Biological Psychology, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, and Adult Psychiatry
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0301 basic medicine ,Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Substance-Related Disorders ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Genome-wide association study ,ALCOHOL ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Genetic correlation ,Nicotine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene Frequency ,Genetic model ,Humans ,Medicine ,Psychiatry ,Molecular Biology ,Genetic association ,biology ,business.industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic architecture ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Smoking cessation ,Cannabis ,business ,Developmental Psychopathology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Demography ,medicine.drug - Abstract
partly overlapping individuals were genotyped, phenotyped and their data analyzed in genetic association studies, reflecting a huge communal effort by the substance use/addiction genetics community. These genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts considered different stages of substance use: lifetime use (ever versus never use) was analyzed for cannabis and smoking, quantity of use (in users) was analyzed for coffee, alcohol, and smoking and age of initiation and cessation were analyzed for smoking. There are other GWA efforts and publications in the realm of addiction (see ref. 5), but here we limit ourselves to the largest meta-analyses per substance in order to maximize power. The GWA meta-analyses of substance-related traits identified many substance-specific genetic variants of moderate to small effect, which provided insight in the genetic etiology of substance use and its comorbidities. There are substantial phenotypic correlations among use of different substances, and both twin and polygenic risk prediction studies have shown that these phenotypic correlations are partly due to common genetic influences. 6, 7 Here we estimate genetic correlations (rg) between substance use-related variables based on the GWA summary statistics. These estimates of rg are based on all polygenic effects captured by single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used the recently developed linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression method to estimate the proportion of covariance between traits that is due to single nucleotide polymorphisms, based on the expected relationship between LD and strength of association under a polygenic model. 8,9 The genetic correlation matrix revealed important information about common versus substance-specific genetic effects as well as specific patterns of cross-substance comorbidity (Figure 1). The substantial negative correlation between smoking cessation and smoking initiation reveals that the genes that predispose to initiation are negative predictors of success at cessation. Likewise, the genes that predispose individuals to smoke more cigarettes per day are negative predictors of successful cessation. Age at first cigarette is only associated with smoking initiation, not with cigarettes per day or smoking cessation. Interestingly, high genetic correlations are also observed across substance, between cannabis initiation and smoking initiation (rg=0.83, se=0.148), but also between quantity of nicotine consumption (cigarettes per day) and quantity of coffee consumed (cups per day) (rg=0.44, se=0.151), between coffee consumed and nicotine consumption (rg=0.38, se=0.16), and between alcohol consumption (alcohol per week) and cigarettes per day (rg=0.44, se=0.17). Most significant cross-substance correlations reflect genetic correlations within stage. However, both coffee per day and cigarettes per day are negatively associated with successful smoking cessation, indicating that frequent use, irrespective of substance, is genetically related to more problematic use of a different substance. The pattern of correlations observed implies a genetic model for substance use where both substance-specific and stagespecific genetic effects play a role. GWA meta-analyses of smoking, alcohol, cannabis and coffee use have shed light on the specific genetic effects for each substance. Here we show substance- and stage-specific GWAS results can be leveraged to elucidate the genetic architecture of substance use vulnerability in general. The next generation of large well-powered substance use GWA studies should systematically target all stages of use, for a broad spectrum of substances (e.g., cocaine and sugar rich foods) or addictive behavior (e.g., gambling, gaming and compulsive Internet use). Such an effort can aid in distinguishing between genes that are substance specific from genes that contribute to a specific stage of use, irrespective of substance or addictive behavior.
- Published
- 2016
42. What Cure Models Can Teach us About Genome-Wide Survival Analysis
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René S. Kahn, Damiaan Denys, Eske M. Derks, Sven Stringer, Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Adult Psychiatry, and Amsterdam Public Health
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Simulation study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Logistic regression ,Genome-wide association study ,Proportional hazards model ,Accelerated failure time model ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Genetics(clinical) ,Genetics (clinical) ,Survival analysis ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Original Research ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Models, Genetic ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Odds ratio ,Survival Analysis ,Logistic Models ,030104 developmental biology ,Age of onset ,business ,Cox regression ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
The aim of logistic regression is to estimate genetic effects on disease risk, while survival analysis aims to determine effects on age of onset. In practice, genetic variants may affect both types of outcomes. A cure survival model analyzes logistic and survival effects simultaneously. The aim of this simulation study is to assess the performance of logistic regression and traditional survival analysis under a cure model and to investigate the benefits of cure survival analysis. We simulated data under a cure model and varied the percentage of subjects at risk for disease (cure fraction), the logistic and survival effect sizes, and the contribution of genetic background risk factors. We then computed the error rates and estimation bias of logistic, Cox proportional hazards (PH), and cure PH analysis, respectively. The power of logistic and Cox PH analysis is sensitive to the cure fraction and background heritability. Our results show that traditional Cox PH analysis may erroneously detect age of onset effects if no such effects are present in the data. In the presence of genetic background risk even the cure model results in biased estimates of both the odds ratio and the hazard ratio. Cure survival analysis takes cure fractions into account and can be used to simultaneously estimate the effect of genetic variants on disease risk and age of onset. Since genome-wide cure survival analysis is not computationally feasible, we recommend this analysis for genetic variants that are significant in a traditional survival analysis.
- Published
- 2016
43. The International Cannabis Consortium: What Did We Learn About The Genetics Of Cannabis Use
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Nicholas G. Martin, Michel G. Nivard, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Camelia C. Minică, Abdel Abdellaoui, Peter J. van der Most, Dorret I. Boomsma, Nathan A. Gillespie, Eske M. Derks, Sven Stringer, Hamdi Mbarek, Jacqueline M. Vink, Karin J. H. Verweij, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Personalized Medicine, and APH - Methodology
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Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,Candidate gene ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Genetics ,medicine ,GWAS ,International Cannabis Consortium ,SNP ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Cannabis ,Genetic association ,Pharmacology ,biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Conduct disorder ,Schizophrenia ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Developmental Psychopathology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Background: Cannabis is the most frequently used and abused illicit drug worldwide and cannabis (ab)use is associated with social, physical, and psychological problems. Twin and family studies have shown that cannabis use and abuse are heritable traits. The International Cannabis Consortium was initiated with the aim of identifying genetic risk variants for cannabis use phenotypes by meta-analysing data from many contributing cohorts. The (partly preliminary) results of the International Cannabis Consortium will be presented: genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analyses on lifetime cannabis use and age at initiation of use. Additionally, findings from several follow-up studies will be presented, including the genetic association of cannabis use with use of other substances, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder. Methods: GWA analyses of lifetime cannabis use were performed by each contributing group independently (13 groups, total N=32,330) and were subsequently meta-analysed. We tested for replication, and the SNP results were used to perform a gene-based test of association. We also estimated the total SNP-based heritability and the genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and cigarette use based on LD-score regression analysis. Secondly, we meta-analysed GWA results of age at initiation of cannabis use from 8 groups (N=24,222) using a survival analysis. Again SNP results are followed up by a gene-based test of association and an estimate of SNP-based heritability. In follow-up projects, LD-score regression analyses were used to determine the genetic correlation of cannabis use with nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine use, as well as schizophrenia and conduct disorder. We also created polygenic risk scores for cannabis use in an independent target sample and determined to what extent these polygenic scores predicted conduct symptoms. Results: Although none of the SNPs were significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use, the gene-based analysis identified 4 significantly associated genes, including NCAM1, CADM2, SCOC and KCNT2. Interestingly, NCAM1 was previously reported to be associated with nicotine and other substance use. All SNPs combined explained 20% of the liability of lifetime cannabis use. For age at initiation of cannabis use, we identified five SNPs (in high linkage-disequilibrium) that were genome-wide significant. Results of the gene-based test and SNP-based heritability are not available yet. Follow-up studies show a significant genetic correlation of cannabis use with smoking initiation, alcohol use per week, as well as with schizophrenia. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores for cannabis use were significantly associated with symptoms of conduct disorder. Discussion: The findings of the two largest meta-analyses of GWA studies of cannabis use phenotypes are presented. Several interesting genetic loci were identified, revealing important new candidate genes for cannabis use. Future functional studies should explore the impact of the identified genes on the biological mechanisms of cannabis use. We also show that genes underlying cannabis use are in part overlapping with genes underlying use of other substances and mental health phenotypes, including nicotine and alcohol use, schizophrenia, and symptoms of conduct disorder. 2 p.
- Published
- 2017
44. A guide on gene prioritization in studies of psychiatric disorders
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Sven, Stringer, Kim C, Cerrone, Wim, van den Brink, Julia F, van den Berg, Damiaan, Denys, Rene S, Kahn, and Eske M, Derks
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Mental Disorders ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Neuroimaging ,Original Articles ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in the identification of genetic variants causing individual differences in human behavior. Psychiatrists have contributed to the genetics field by defining the most important behavioral characteristics and by studying the association between genetic variants and behavioral differences within phenotypically well‐characterized samples in which detailed assessments have been collected (e.g. neuroimaging). These samples are typically limited in size and are therefore not suitable for a genome‐wide association analysis. Instead, gene association studies conducted in such samples typically focus on a few genes of interest, allowing smaller sample sizes. However, the selection of high‐priority genes is not always straightforward and psychiatrists will usually have a limited background in genetics. We aim to fill this gap by (i) providing a basic introduction to genetics; (ii) showing how the selection of genes of interest can be optimized by the use of two web tools: Polysearch and Gene Prospector; (iii) illustrating how statistical power analyses can be performed and discussing the importance of sufficiently powered studies. This guide can help psychiatrists with limited experience in genetics in designing genetic studies that allow identification of specific behavioral, cognitive, or neural correlates of genetic risk variants, while avoiding common pitfalls. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2015
45. Future Directions in Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders
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Bryan J. Mowry, Enda M. Byrne, Sven Stringer, and Naomi R. Wray
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Genetics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Data collection ,Genomics ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Response to treatment ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Statistical genetics ,Genotype ,medicine ,Genetic risk ,Psychiatry ,Genotyping - Abstract
From the view of statistical genetics, we explore four future directions in the genetics of psychiatric disorders with the overall goal of application to genomic medicine. The themes are (1) defining genomic variation, (2) response to treatment genomics, (3) genetic risk prediction and (4) data collection for individuals measured for phenotype, genotype and environment. We conclude that genotyping technology is no longer a limiting step and that full progression of applications of genomic medicine in psychiatry is dependent on the availability of suitable individual level data and will ultimately depend on integration of genomic information as part of accessible electronic health records.
- Published
- 2014
46. Assumptions and properties of limiting pathway models for analysis of epistasis in complex traits
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William G. Hill, René S. Kahn, Eske M. Derks, Naomi R. Wray, Sven Stringer, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, and Adult Psychiatry
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Evolutionary Genetics ,Male ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Heredity ,Twins ,Population Modeling ,medicine.disease_cause ,0302 clinical medicine ,Models ,Missing heritability problem ,Statistics ,Non-U.S. Gov't ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ,Variance (accounting) ,Phenotypes ,Phenotype ,Medicine ,Female ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Research Support ,Genetic correlation ,Quantitative Trait ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Genetic ,medicine ,Genetics ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Heritable ,030304 developmental biology ,Evolutionary Biology ,Quantitative Traits ,Population Biology ,Models, Genetic ,Computational Biology ,Genetic Variation ,Epistasis, Genetic ,Heritability ,Twin study ,Evolutionary biology ,Epistasis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Population Genetics ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
For most complex traits, results from genome-wide association studies show that the proportion of the phenotypic variance attributable to the additive effects of individual SNPs, that is, the heritability explained by the SNPs, is substantially less than the estimate of heritability obtained by standard methods using correlations between relatives. This difference has been called the "missing heritability". One explanation is that heritability estimates from family (including twin) studies are biased upwards. Zuk et al. revisited overestimation of narrow sense heritability from twin studies as a result of confounding with non-additive genetic variance. They propose a limiting pathway (LP) model that generates significant epistatic variation and its simple parametrization provides a convenient way to explore implications of epistasis. They conclude that over-estimation of narrow sense heritability from family data ('phantom heritability') may explain an important proportion of missing heritability. We show that for highly heritable quantitative traits large phantom heritability estimates from twin studies are possible only if a large contribution of common environment is assumed. The LP model is underpinned by strong assumptions that are unlikely to hold, including that all contributing pathways have the same mean and variance and are uncorrelated. Here, we relax the assumptions that underlie the LP model to be more biologically plausible. Together with theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic arguments we conclude that in outbred populations the contribution of additive genetic variance is likely to be much more important than the contribution of non-additive variance.
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- 2013
47. Bayesian inference for the information gain model
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Sven Stringer, Denny Borsboom, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG)
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Computer science ,Logic ,Bayesian probability ,Decision Making ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Probabilistic reasoning ,Models, Psychological ,Research Support ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Bayesian inference ,Article ,Task (project management) ,Bayes' theorem ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Goodness of fit ,Models ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Selection (linguistics) ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Bayesian parameter estimation ,Non-U.S. Gov't ,General Psychology ,Optimal data selection ,Problem Solving ,Probability ,business.industry ,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ,Probabilistic logic ,Bayes Theorem ,Maximum likelihood estimation ,Wason selection task ,Wason card selection task ,Psychological ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Artificial intelligence ,Data mining ,business ,computer - Abstract
One of the most popular paradigms to use for studying human reasoning involves the Wason card selection task. In this task, the participant is presented with four cards and a conditional rule (e.g., “If there is an A on one side of the card, there is always a 2 on the other side”). Participants are asked which cards should be turned to verify whether or not the rule holds. In this simple task, participants consistently provide answers that are incorrect according to formal logic. To account for these errors, several models have been proposed, one of the most prominent being the information gain model (Oaksford & Chater, Psychological Review, 101, 608–631, 1994). This model is based on the assumption that people independently select cards based on the expected information gain of turning a particular card. In this article, we present two estimation methods to fit the information gain model: a maximum likelihood procedure (programmed in R) and a Bayesian procedure (programmed in WinBUGS). We compare the two procedures and illustrate the flexibility of the Bayesian hierarchical procedure by applying it to data from a meta-analysis of the Wason task (Oaksford & Chater, Psychological Review, 101, 608–631, 1994). We also show that the goodness of fit of the information gain model can be assessed by inspecting the posterior predictives of the model. These Bayesian procedures make it easy to apply the information gain model to empirical data. Supplemental materials may be downloaded along with this article from www.springerlink.com. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.3758/s13428-010-0057-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2011
48. Emotionele arbeid en psychologisch welzijn van docenten
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Anja Cheriakova, Pascale M. Le Blanc, Else Ouweneel, Sven Stringer, and Jolien Smulders
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,School teachers ,Emotional labor ,Social Psychology ,Negative relationship ,Strategy and Management ,Work engagement ,Cognitive dissonance ,Emotional exhaustion ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
Emotional labour and psychological well-being in teachers Emotional labour and psychological well-being in teachers S. Stringer, E. Ouweneel, P. Le Blanc, A. Cheriakova & J. Smulders, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, September 2009, nr. 3, pp. 214-231 Emotional labour could have negative as well as positive effects on the employees' psychological well-being. In this cross-sectional study among 149 high school teachers, the relationship between emotional labour – in this study conceptualized as emotional demands – and emotional exhaustion and work engagement respectively was studied. First of all, it was examined whether emotional dissonance mediates the relationship between emotional demands and both emotional exhaustion and work engagement. Next, the possible moderating effect of two emotion regulation strategies, surface acting and deep acting, on the relationship between emotional dissonance and the two outcome variables was studied. The results showed that emotional dissonance partially mediated the relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, it was found that deep acting had a buffer effect on the negative relationship between emotional dissonance and work engagement. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed and suggestions for further research are mentioned.
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- 2009
49. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability
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Tomáš Paus, Pierre Fontanillas, Pol A. C. van Lier, Lea K. Davis, John R. B. Perry, James MacKillop, Susan Branje, Jue-Sheng Ong, Jordana T. Bell, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Sven Stringer, Zdenka Pausova, Andrew C. Heath, Joel Gelernter, Bart M. L. Baselmans, Harriet de Wit, Jaime Derringer, Stuart MacGregor, Karin J. H. Verweij, Felix R. Day, Abdel Abdellaoui, Jacqueline M. Vink, Marcus R. Munafò, Sarah L. Elson, Jorien L. Treur, Nicholas G. Martin, Catharina A. Hartman, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Meike Bartels, Dorret I. Boomsma, Michel G. Nivard, Matthijs D. van der Zee, Marco P. Boks, Grant W. Montgomery, Eske M. Derks, Reedik Mägi, Abraham A. Palmer, Wim Meeus, Jaakko Kaprio, Hill F. Ip, Joëlle A. Pasman, Tim D. Spector, Nathan A. Gillespie, Marta Ribasés, Danielle Posthuma, Pamela A. F. Madden, and Zachary Gerring
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0301 basic medicine ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Mendelian Randomization Analysis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Mental health ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Schizophrenia ,Mendelian randomization ,Trait ,medicine ,Cannabis ,Developmental Psychopathology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 195179.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Cannabis use is a heritable trait that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. In the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for lifetime cannabis use to date (N = 184,765), we identified eight genome-wide significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in six regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions, and S-PrediXcan analyses showed that 21 genes had different expression levels for cannabis users versus nonusers. The strongest finding across the different analyses was CADM2, which has been associated with substance use and risk-taking. Significant genetic correlations were found with 14 of 25 tested substance use and mental health–related traits, including smoking, alcohol use, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Mendelian randomization analysis showed evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on cannabis use. Overall, our study provides new insights into the etiology of cannabis use and its relation with mental health. 10 p.
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