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The amygdala complex has a significant impact on many parameters of the activity of the cardiovascular system: blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, and others. Since the amygdala is one of the links of the extrahypothalamic system of corticoliberin, the structure affects stress-dependent behavior in animals, plays an important role in initiating an emotionally motivated response. The study of the role of the central divisions of the amygdala complex in the regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular system was carried out on intact and subjected to electrolytic destruction of the central nucleus of the amygdala. Based on the data obtained in the study, it was revealed that when hydrocortisone is administered, the pressure parameters change, and the values of the heart rate change slightly throughout the experiment, it can be assumed that the central nucleus of the amygdala increases the tone of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, thereby increasing its effect on the tone of blood vessels. In our opinion, this influence of the amygdala is realized primarily through the hypothalamic pathway, and not by means of connections with the medulla oblongata.

A unique integrated investigation on the effect of meal on neurohumoral mechanisms and blood flow redistribution of the mesenteric circulation during orthostasis was investigated. Food ingestion results in cardiovascular hyperdynamism, reduction in cardiac vagal tone, and baroreflex sensitivity and causes a decrease in α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness only in the venous intrahepatic sinusoids. About 500-mL blood shifts from the mesenteric to the systemic circulation during orthostasis. Accordingly, the orthostatic homeostatic mechanisms are better understood.

Aim. To investigate the state of systemic hemodynamics (SHD) in young people to assess the potential impact of its disorders in the formation of arterial hypertension (AH) and to carry out preventive measures.Methods. A random sample of 91 young people from 17 to 25 years old was examined; 27 of them were men (average age 23.7±1.6 years) and 64 women (average age 20.4±1.1 years). The study involved clinical residents and students who, according to preliminary and periodic medical examinations, excluded the presence of cardiovascular diseases. The indicators of SHD were investigated by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry using a portable automated software and hardware complex for non-invasive research of central hemodynamics (Device “CAP TsG osm-“Globus”).Results. AH was detected in 4.4%; “white coat” AH in 8.79%; arterial hypotension – in 5.49%. In individuals with normal blood pressure (BP) (75 people), an increase in specific peripheral vascular resistance was most often revealed in 30.6%. An unchanged hemodynamic profile in the group with a normal BP level was recorded only in 28.0% of the examinees.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that even among “healthy” young people aged 18- 25 years with a normal BP level, the proportion of people with impaired SHD values is 72%. People with hypertension and with altered SHD indicators should be included in the regular medical check-up observation group.

Fenoldopam, a vasodilating agent, may represent a potential therapeutic opportunity to increase renal perfusion in those conditions where renal hemodynamics are severely impaired by vascular sub-occlusion, as, indeed, is the case in thrombotic microangiopathies. The renal resistance index (RRI) was measured, on and off fenoldopam, in 27 children with STEC-HUS. A 12% decrease in RRI was observed on fenoldopam compared to off treatment without changes in the systemic hemodynamics and with no side effects. If confirmed in larger series, fenoldopam may become an important addition to supportive care to reduce ischemic damage in STEC-HUS and improve long-term outcomes.

General anesthesia for a surgical correction of congenital malformations in children is accompanied, in particular, by the disorders of systemic hemodynamics. In order to assess the impact of different types of combined anesthesia on the state of systemic hemodynamics in surgical correction of congenital malformations, a retrospective study of the treatment of 150 newborns and infants was conducted. These were children with various congenital malformations, but the most common were intestinal obstruction and abdominal tumors. Three groups of patients were formed depending on the type of combined anesthesia during surgical correction of abnormalities: I − inhalation (sevorane) + regional anesthesia; II − inhalation (sevorane) + intravenous anesthesia (fentanyl); III − total intravenous anesthesia with two drugs: analgesic (fentanyl) and drug sleep on the background of intravenous injection of hypnotics (20 % sodium oxybutyrate). There were preformed the surgeries: thoracic, urological, abdominal. The study was retrospectively evaluated in five stages. The analysis of systemic hemodynamics showed a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in children treated with anesthesia with two intravenous drugs (hypnotic and fentanyl), during all observation stages and a significant decrease in this index at the most painful and traumatic period. At the time of induction of anesthesia in children there was a decrease in heart rate. According to the research results, it is concluded that when using the pre−hypnotics as part of combined anesthesia in children with congenital malformations during surgery there is a risk of complications from central hemodynamics in the form of vasodilation, which leads to a drop in blood pressure and increases compensatively the heart contractions. Key words: infants, congenital malformations, anesthesia, hemodynamics.

The role played by the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has long been underestimated in clinical practice. Recent findings are progressively confirming that when the RV efficiency deteriorates both the right and the left circulation is (significantly) affected, but studies dedicated to a detailed description of RV hemodynamic role still lack. In response to such a gap in knowledge, this work proposes a numerical model that for the first time evaluates the effect of isolated RV dysfunction on the whole circulation. Lumped parameter modelling was applied to represent the physio-pathological hemodynamics. Different grades of impairment were simulated for three dysfunctions i.e., systolic, diastolic, and combined systolic and diastolic. Hemodynamic alterations (i.e., of blood pressure, flow, global hemodynamic parameters), arising from the dysfunctions, are calculated and analysed. Results well accord with clinical observations, showing that RV dysfunction significantly affects both the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Successful verification against in vivo data proved the clinical potentiality of the model i.e., the capability of identifying the degree of RV impairment for given hemodynamic conditions. This study aims at contributing to the improvement of RV dysfunction recognition and treatment, and to the development of tools for the clinical management of pathologies involving the right heart.

Background: Aging and frailty make the elderly patients susceptible to hypotension following spinal anesthesia. The systemic hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia are not well known. In this study, we examine the systemic hemodynamic effects of fractional spinal anesthesia following intermittent microdosing of a local anesthetic and an opioid.Methods: We included 15 patients aged over 65 with considerable comorbidities, planned for emergency hip fracture repair. Patients received a spinal catheter and cardiac output monitoring using the LiDCOplus system. Invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, heart rate and stroke volume index were registered. Two doses of bupivacaine 2.25 mg and fentanyl 15µg were administered with 25 minutes in between. Hypotension was defined as a fall in MAP by >30% or a MAP Results: The incidence of hypotension was 30%. Hypotensive patients (n=5) were treated with low doses of norepinephrine (0.003-0.12 µg/kg/min). MAP showed a maximum reduction of 17% at 10 minutes after the first dose. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and stroke volume index decreased by 10%, 6%, and 7%, respectively, while heart rate was unchanged over time. After the first dose, none of the systemic haemodynamic variables were affected.Conclusion: Fractional spinal anesthesia causes a low incidence of hypotension, induced mainly by a systemic venodilation, causing a decrease in venous return and fall in cardiac output. Our results show that fractional spinal anesthesia is a safe technique from a hemodynamic point of view and is probably underutilized in high-risk, elderly hip fracture patients

After a year of fellowship in liver disease with Dr. Zimmerman at the Boston VA Hospital (1968-1969) he returned to Washington as a Research Fellow and Instructor in Medicine, Georgetown University, to work with Dr. Cohn (1969-1971). Dr. Cohn was a cardiologist, who was interested in systemic hemodynamics. It is here that Dr. Groszmann recognized that hemodynamic alterations were fundmental to the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. These seminal observations that the splanchnic circulation was hyperdynamic, rather than congestive, gave rise to his paradigm changing publications and set the ground work for subsequenet use of beta-blockers and splanchnic vasoconstrictor therapy leading to his becoming the father of the syndrome of Portal Hypertension (PH).

This study demonstrates that 10 days of exercise heat acclimation has minimal effects on left ventricular volumes, intrinsic cardiac function, and systemic hemodynamics during prolonged, repeated semirecumbent exercise in moderate heat, where heart rate and blood volume are similar to preacclimation levels. However, progressive dehydration is consistently associated with similar degrees of hyperthermia and tachycardia and reductions in blood volume, diastolic filling of the left ventricle, stroke volume, and cardiac output, regardless of acclimation state.

To study whether systemic hemodynamics, especially systemic vascular resistance, predicts the development of hypertension and improves the risk prediction of incident hypertension beyond common risk factors in the risk models in young adults.Typical risk factors for hypertension in the risk prediction models (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, parental history of hypertension, age, sex, body-mass index, smoking), laboratory values (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) calculated by whole-body impedance cardiography were evaluated in 2007 and blood pressure in 2011 in 1293 Finnish adults (aged 30-45 years; females 56%;Of hemodynamic variables, SVRI and HR evaluated in 2007 were independently associated with systolic blood pressure (These findings suggest that systemic vascular resistance index predicts the incidence of hypertension in young adults and that the evaluation of systemic hemodynamics could provide an additional tool for hypertension risk prediction.

This article presents a clinical and laboratory assessment of the effectiveness of the author’s method for pharmacological correction of hypoxic changes at acute pneumoperitoneum (PP) in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) (Patent of Ukraine No. 119602). The application of the developed technique allows leveling of ischemic and reperfusion changes that occur during LCE in ACC patients by protectively affecting blood lactate level, statistically significantly reducing it after desufflation. The proposed method reduces the number of cardiovascular complications provoked by ischemic disorders on the background of PP by 3.79 times (P

Objective: Heightened nocturnal blood pressure (BP) may be attributed to the disruption of sleep, a condition worsened by alcohol ingestion. This study investigated the effects of acute alcohol ing...

Massage is commonly used as a complementary therapy for many different conditions. Demonstration of its physiological impact and understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms is still insufficient and often inconclusive. This study aims to characterize the physiological effects of effleurage, one of the most popular techniques, on human in vivo microcirculation and its impact on cardiovascular function. Two differently oriented variations of the technique, referred to influence physiological outcomes, were applied to 32 young (mean 19.8 ± 1.6 yr old) healthy volunteers of both sexes in a single, randomly chosen limb after informed written consent. Each protocol included a 10-min baseline (

The aimof the study was to investigate vegetative maintenance of the activity and state of systemic hemodynamics in patients with a first time, non-traumatic epileptic seizure during a tilt table test (TTT).Materials and methods. TTT was performed in 42 patients with absence of seizures and 78 patients having experienced unprovoked seizures. A control group included 70 patients with non-epileptic seizures with transient loss of consciousness (TLC), defined as syncope. The control group included 38 people without episodes of loss of consciousness in their medical history. The parameters of hemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) were investigated at all stages of the test.Results. In patients with absence of seizures, initial sympathicotonia was recorded along with a decrease in ergotropic activation in orthostasis. In patients with unprovoked seizures, a hypersympathicotonic response to the orthostatic test was detected in combination with impaired vagal overshoot in the clinostatic phase of the test. In patients with TLC, evidence of vegetative insufficiency in the vertical position was identified, with the indicators going back to the background values in the horizontal position.Conclusion. The revealed features of vegetative regulation in patients with absence of seizures and unprovoked seizures will allow to differentiate the mechanism of the first-time epileptic seizure more accurately.

Objective. To elaborate the intensive therapy tactic in patients, suffering ischemic cerebral insult (ICI) depending on changes in the systemic hemodynamics indices and the oxygen-transportation status.Маterials and methods. In 42 patients, suffering the ICI of middle severity, ageing 45 - 88 years old, the integrative monitoring of the neurological state severity, systemic hemodynamics indices and the oxygen-transportation status on background of targeted intensive therapy was conducted. Results. In the patients, suffering initial hypoxemia, a hypokinetic heart index (HI) - (2,0±0,1) l×min-1×m-2 and the lowered systemic delivery of oxygen (DO2) - (356±21) ml×min-1×m-2were revealed. Prophylactic oxygenation is needed if the value of the oxygen content in arterial blood (SаO2) exceeds 95% and DO2 is lesser than 520 ml×min-1×m-2. Aiming the achievement of eukinetic values of the HI, correction of vascular spasm and antihypertensive therapy was conducted, using alpha-adrenoblocking agent (urapydil) up to stabilization of the DO2 indices on the level of 520-600 ml×min-1×m-2. In hyperoxidal state a hyperkinetic HI - (3.6±0.1) l×min-1×m-2 and a raised DO2 - (699±14) ml×min-1×m-2 were revealed. Prophylactic oxygenation is not indicated if the value of the SаO2 index exceeds 95% and DO2 exceeds 600 ml×min-1×m-2. Aiming to achieve eukinetic values of HI it is mandatory to conduct antihypertensive therapy, using therapy with аlpha-beta-аdrenoblocking agent (labetalol). Conclusion. Targeted intensive therapy, oriented towards balance with general oxygenation of the organism tissues, normalizes the oxygen-transport homeostasis in shortest terms, what impacts the results of treatment in patients, suffering ICI, immediately.

This review is focused on the problem of the hemodynamics in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The article describes a structural features of the pulmonary venous return depending on the anatomical type, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, origin and effect of the pulmonary venous return obstruction on the hemodynamics. We presented basic diagnostic problems and principles, including prenatal level, and discussed trends, results and unsolved questions of the surgical treatment of the patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, improves pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. The kidney might benefit from this effect. However, staged BPA therapy comes along with repetitive administration of contrast agent. This study examined the overall effect of BPA therapy on renal function. This study included consecutive patients who underwent BPA treatment and completed a 6-month follow-up between March 2014 and March 2017. Biomarker-based evaluation of renal function was performed at baseline, consecutively prior to and after each BPA and at 6-month follow-up. The 51 patients underwent an average of 5 (±2) BPA sessions. In this course, patients received 133 (±48; 21-300) mL of contrast agent per session and 691 (±24; 240-1410) mL during the whole sequence. Acute kidney injury occurred after 6 (2.3%) procedures. The creatinine [80.1 (IQR 67.8-96.8) µmol/L vs. 77.4 (IQR 66.9-91.5) µmol/L, p = .02] and urea level [13.7 (IQR10.7-16.6) mmol/L vs. 12.5 (IQR 10.0-15.5) mmol/L, p = .02] decreased from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [79 (IQR 59-94) mL/min/m

The purpose of the study: to study hemodynamic parameters and the degree of its orthostatic stability during verticalization in patients with long-term impairment of consciousness in post-comatose period of brain damage.Materials and methods. This study included 30 patients with long-term impairment of consciousness caused by severe brain damage (Group 1), 10 of whom were in a vegetative state (VS) and 20 patients had a minimally conscious state (MCS). A severe traumatic brain injury was the most frequent cause of long-term disorders of consciousness (53.3%), other causes were associated with severe disorders of cerebral circulation (13.4%) and following consequences: rupture of cerebral aneurysms (10%), or post-hypoxic brain damage (10%), or removal of brain tumors (13.3%). The second group was comprised of 24 patients with local neurological symptoms after cerebral circulation disorders. The third group included 40 healthy volunteers. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were monitored using a multifunctional monitor TFM 3040i (CNSystem Austria) . Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured in real time. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica-10 software package.Results. 26 patients of the first group (86%) demonstrated satisfactory hemodynamic stability in the tilt test at 30° and 60°; 3 patients of this group presented signs of orthostatic hypotension and 1 patient developed postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (SPOT) when tilted by 30°. A comparative analysis of hemodynamic parameters in patients of the first and second groups did not demonstrate significant differences, except for significantly higher HR values and lower SV values in the first group. Parameters of systemic hemodynamics in the horizontal position were significantly different in healthy volunteers, and were characterized by higher SV and CO values and lower BP, HR and TPR values as compared to patients of groups 1 and 2.Conclusion. This study demonstrated a hypokinetic type of blood circulation in all patients with brain lesions; it was more severe in patients with long-term impaired consciousness after severe brain damage. The majority of patients in this group presented satisfactory orthostatic hemodynamic stability; different types of orthostatic disorders were found in 14% of cases. A passive orthostatic test (0—30—60°) applied in this study allowed to diagnose orthostatic disorders at a slight tilt up to the onset of clinical symptoms of brain hypoperfusion. This indicates the need for hemodynamic monitoring in the early stages of patients' verticalization.

Transient cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses within the first minute of active standing provide the means to assess autonomic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation using a real-world everyday stimulus. Traditionally, these responses have been used to detect autonomic dysfunction, and to identify the hemodynamic correlates of patient symptoms and attributable causes of (pre)syncope and falls. This review addresses the physiology of systemic and cerebrovascular adjustment within the first 60 s after active standing. Mechanical factors induced by standing up cause a temporal mismatch between cardiac output and vascular conductance which leads to an initial blood pressure drops with a nadir around 10 s. The arterial baroreflex counteracts these initial blood pressure drops, but needs 2-3 s to be initiated with a maximal effect occurring at 10 s after standing while, in parallel, cerebral autoregulation buffers these changes within 10 s to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion. Interestingly, both the magnitude of the initial drop and these compensatory mechanisms are thought to be quite well-preserved in healthy aging. It is hoped that the present review serves as a reference for future pathophysiological investigations and epidemiological studies. Further experimental research is needed to unravel the causal mechanisms underlying the emergence of symptoms and relationship with aging and adverse outcomes in variants of orthostatic hypotension.

Transient cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses within the first minute of active standing provide the means to assess autonomic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation using a real-world everyday stimulus. Traditionally, these responses have been used to detect autonomic dysfunction, and to identify the hemodynamic correlates of patient symptoms and attributable causes of (pre)syncope and falls. This review addresses the physiology of systemic and cerebrovascular adjustment within the first 60 s after active standing. Mechanical factors induced by standing up cause a temporal mismatch between cardiac output and vascular conductance which leads to an initial blood pressure drops with a nadir around 10 s. The arterial baroreflex counteracts these initial blood pressure drops, but needs 2–3 s to be initiated with a maximal effect occurring at 10 s after standing while, in parallel, cerebral autoregulation buffers these changes within 10 s to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion. Interestingly, both the magnitude of the initial drop and these compensatory mechanisms are thought to be quite well-preserved in healthy aging. It is hoped that the present review serves as a reference for future pathophysiological investigations and epidemiological studies. Further experimental research is needed to unravel the causal mechanisms underlying the emergence of symptoms and relationship with aging and adverse outcomes in variants of orthostatic hypotension.

Цель исследования заключается в изучении особенностей влияния гормона мелатонина (препарат «Мелаксен») на изменения параметров системной гемодинамики и перекисного окисления липидов при сочетанном и изолированном введении солей кобальта и цинка в разных дозировках. Мелатонин вводился ежедневно однократно в дозе 10 мг/кг. Хлорид кобальта (4 мг/кг) и цинка (20 мг/кг и 1 мг/кг) вводили внутрижелудочно с помощью зонда, ежедневно на протяжении одного месяца. По истечении времени эксперимента исследовали функциональное состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы. Определяли основные параметры системной гемодинамики: артериальное давление – инвазивно, путём введения в бедренную артерию катетера; минутный объём крови регистрировали с помощью термодилюции, для чего через левую общую сонную артерию в дугу аорты вводился термистор. Рассчитывали по специальным формулам среднее артериальное давление, сердечный индекс, ударный индекс и удельное периферическое сосудистое сопротивление. Так же исследовали показатели перекисного окисления липидов. Исследования показали, что избыточное поступление токсических доз хлорида кобальта и цинка в организм вызывает артериальную гипертензию гипокинетического типа. При месячном внутрижелудочном профилактическом введении мелатонина и малых доз цинка (1 мг/кг) отмечается протекторное влияние на развитие гемодинамических проявлений интоксикации металлами. Под влиянием хлорида цинка в малой дозе и мелаксена происходит снижение уровня показателей перекисного окисления липидов и активация ферментов антиоксидантной защиты, что проявляется в наибольшей степени при их сочетании в условиях действия кобальта. Отмеченные активация процессов пероксидации липидов и гемодинамические нарушения при действии металлов, равно как и их ослабление при действии антиоксидантов мелатонина и малых доз цинка, позволяют полагать наличие между ними причинно-следственной связи., The aim of the study is to examine the characteristics of the effect of melatonin ("Melaxen") on changes in the parameters of systemic hemodynamics and lipid peroxidation with combined and isolated administration of cobalt and zinc salts in various dosages. Melatonin was administered once daily at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Cobalt chloride (4 mg/kg) and zinc chloride (20 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically using a probe. This procedure was conducted daily in the course of one month. At the end of the experiment, the authors investigated the functional state of the cardiovascular system. The study defines the main parameters of systemic hemodynamics: blood pressure was determined invasively by inserting a catheter into the femoral artery; cardiac output per minute was recorded using thermodilution. For this purpose, a thermistor was inserted into the aortic arch through the left common carotid artery. The average blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, and specific peripheral vascular resistance were calculated using special formulas. The parameters of lipid peroxidation were also studied. The research demonstrates that excessive intake of toxic doses of cobalt and zinc chloride causes hypokinetic hypertension. With monthly intragastric prophylactic administration of melatonin and small doses of zinc (1 mg/kg), the study notes a protective effect on the development of hemodynamic manifestations of metal intoxication. Under the influence of zinc chloride in a small dose and melaxen, the level of lipid peroxidation indicators decreases and the activation of antioxidant defense enzymes occurs, which is most evident when they are combined in the conditions of the action of cobalt. The observed activation of lipid peroxidation processes and hemodynamic disturbances due to the action of metals as well as their weakening with the effect of the melatonin antioxidants and low doses of zinc suggest that there is a causal relationship between them., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 3 (105) 2021, Pages 92-97

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) одна из актуальных значимых медико-социальных проблем, поскольку занимают первое место в структуре заболеваемости и смертности. На современном этапе развития клинической фармакологии усилилось внимание к поиску новых кардиопротекторных препаратов, а глобальной задачей лечения ССЗ является улучшение прогноза заболевания, предупреждение развития осложнений, увеличение продолжительности жизни и улучшение ее качества. Известно, что производные бензимидазола обладают кардиотропной активностью [1], [2]. Следовательно поиск потенциальных кардиопротекторных средств среди производных бензимидазола является целесообразной и актуальной задачей клинической фармакологии на современной этапе. Известно о значительном влиянии ремоделирования сердца на становление, развитие и прогрессирование ССЗ и их осложнений, в том числе смертности. Известные свойства производных бензимидазола влиять на такие клеточные мишени, как трансмембранные ионные токи и Na+ /H + -обменник, активность фосфодиэстеразы (ФДЭ), подтверждают целесообразность проведения направленного поиска кардиопротекторов среди соединений данного класса с последующим экспериментальным изучением их фармакологического потенциала [3]., Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most relevant significant medical and social problems since they occupy the leading place in the structure of morbidity and mortality. At the present stage of the development of clinical pharmacology, there has been an increased attetion towards the search for new cardioprotective drugs, while the global task of treating CVD is to improve the prognosis of the disease, prevent the development of complications, increase life expectancy and improve its quality. It is known that benzimidazole derivatives have cardiotropic activity [1], [2]. Therefore, the search for potential cardioprotective agents among benzimidazole derivatives is an appropriate and urgent task of clinical pharmacology at the current time. The significant impact of heart remodeling on the formation, development and progression of CVD and their complications, including mortality is a known fact. The known properties of benzimidazole derivatives to influence such cellular targets as transmembrane ion currents and the Na+ /H + exchanger, the activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE), confirm the expediency of conducting a directed search for cardioprotectors among compounds of this class with subsequent experimental study of their pharmacological potential [3]., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 7 (109) 2021, Pages 176-179

Introduction: Penetrating arteries supplying the basal ganglia and the brain stem are often affected by chronic hypertension whereas distal branching arteries supplying the brain convexity and corona radiata may be injured by hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that under equal systemic flow dynamics, distal branching brain arteries will have a lower pressure peak than penetrating arteries. Methods: We used an Anatomically Detailed Arterial Network (ADAN) model to predict pressure waveforms for brain and systemic arteries. The anatomical details were obtained from published literature and match for an average man, height of 170 cms and body surface area of 1.65 m2. Arterial length and radius were obtained from published literature for each organ. Standard governing equations for the flow of an incompressible fluid in compliant pipes are considered in each arterial segment. Proper coupling conditions at junctions are also postulated, as well as terminal Windkessel models. Results: Compared to systemic arteries, brain arteries have an early peak in flow and pressure, followed by a gradual decline in flow and pressure over time (figure 1). The posterior parietal artery has the lowest MAP and pulse pressure of the four brain arteries tested, even if the pulsatility and resistance indices remained relatively the same. Consequently, the pressure pulse peak for the posterior parietal artery hovers around 80 mmhg compared with approximately 110 mmHg for the lenticulostriate arteries and the middle cerebral and basilar arteries. Lenticulostriate arteries had similar hemodynamic profiles to the large artery branches of the circle of Willis. Conclusion: Penetrating brain arteries are susceptible to high pressure remodeling because of their immediate branching from a large artery, while distal cortical arteries are more susceptible to hypoperfusion. These regional susceptibilities to systemic hemodynamic may influence brain health and contribute to neurodegeneration.

The study of systemic hemodynamics has been conducted in individuals who suffer from arterial hypertension. Regularities of formation of the personal profiles of the systemic hemodynamics have been determined in this category of patients. A fresh method of antihypertensive therapy is offered which is based on establishment of relationship between the personal profile of the systemic hemodynamics and the hemodynamic drug effect. The clinical effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven., CARDIOMETRY, Выпуск 16 2020, Pages 35-41

Цель: оценить и сравнить показатели регионального кислородного статуса и системной гемодинамики у доношенных и недоношенных новорожденных с респираторными расстройствами в динамике раннего неонатального периода. Материалы и методы: в исследование были включены 41 доношенный и 37 недоношенных новорожденных детей с клинико-лабораторными проявлениями респираторного расстройства. На протяжении раннего неонатального периода расширенный гемодинамический мониторинг включал в себя прямое измерение артериального давления, параллельный мониторинг церебральной (crSO2) и абдоминальной (abdSO2) оксигенации с использованием тканевого оксиметра INVOS 5100C (Medtronic/Covidien, MI, США). Результаты: уровень crSO2 в группе доношенных новорожденных составлял 80 (73; 88) % и 83 (77; 89) % в группе недоношенных, p=0,0127. Коэффициент cFTOE в группе доношенных новорожденных – 0,18 (0,08; 0,24) – был значимо выше, чем в группе недоношенных – 0,14 (0,08; 0,20), p=0,0213. Величина SCOR в группе доношенных пациентов составила 0,86 (0,64; 1,00) против 0,72 (0,54; 0,89) в группе недоношенных, p=0,0005. По уровню ΔcrSO2 (11 (7; 16) у доношенных против 10 (6; 15) у недоношенных) исследуемые группы значимо не различались, p=0,2348. Установлено, что уровень ΔabdSO2 в обеих группах значимо превосходил уровень ΔcrSO2: 25 (12; 46) против 11 (7; 16), p, Objective: to evaluate and compare regional oxygen status and systemic hemodynamics in term and preterm neonates with respiratory disorders during early neonatal period. Methods: the study included 41 term and 37 preterm neonates with clinical and laboratory signs of respiratory disorder. Comprehensive hemodynamic monitoring included direct measurement of blood pressure, parallel monitoring of cerebral (crSO2) and abdominal (abdSO2) oxygenation using an INVOS 5100C tissue oximeter (Medtronic / Covidien, MI, USA) during the early neonatal period. Results: the crSO2 in the term group was 80 (73; 88) % and 83 (77; 89) % in the preterm group, p=0.0127. The cFTOE in the term group 0.18 (0.08; 0.24) was significantly higher than that in the preterm group 0.14 (0.08; 0.20), p=0.0213. The SCOR value in the term group was 0.86 (0.64; 1.00) versus 0.72 (0.54; 0.89) in the preterm group, p=0.0005. In terms of ΔcrSO2 (11 (7; 16) in term versus 10 (6; 15) in preterm), the studied groups did not significantly differ, p=0.2348. It was found that ΔabdSO2 in both groups was significantly higher than ΔcrSO2: 25 (12; 46) versus 11 (7; 16), p, Репродуктивное здоровье. Восточная Европа, Выпуск 3 2020

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866045.]., (Copyright © 2022 Palombo, Kozakova, Morizzo, Losso, Pagani, Salvi, Parker and Hughes.)

The aim of the study was to study a vascular reaction to a test with reactive hyperemia in young women with idiopathic arterial hypotension. 72 women with hypotension (SBP 98 mmHg or less) and 37 women with SBP 120-129 mmHg were examined. A comparative analysis of the response of systemic and peripheral hemodynamics to a test with reactive hyperemia by Celermajer D. In hypotension, occlusion was characterized by an increase in SBP, a change in the diameter and velocity of peripheral arterial and venous blood flow. Thus, the pathological reaction of systemic and peripheral hemodynamics in reactive hyperemia in women with hypotension is a sign of remodeling of the cardiovascular system.

Цель исследования определить значимость параметров центральной гемодинамики для коллате- ральной компенсации нарушенного магистрального кровотока головного мозга при выполнении опе- рации каротидной эндартерэктомии (КЭАЭ). Материал и методы. Были обследованы 100 больных, которым выполнена операция КЭАЭ. Для за- щиты головного мозга от ишемии применяли системную артериальную гипертензию. Для оценки це- ребральной перфузии во время пережатия внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА) использовали измере- ние ретроградного давления в ВСА. В период пережатия прецеребральных сосудов осуществляли параллельный инвазивный контроль артериального и ретроградного давления. Рассчитывали индекс ретроградного давления. По величине индекса больные были разделены на три группы. Проведен анализ корреляции системного и ретроградного давления. Результаты. У 61 (61) пациента отмечена высокая связь между показателями ретроградного и си- стемного давления (степень корреляции 0,9830,995). У остальных 39 (39) больных была выявлена сниженная корреляция, тем не менее остававшаяся в пределах высокой степени зависимости (сте- пень корреляции 0,6730,886). При этом установлено достоверное различие значений системного артериального давления в группах с различным индексом ретроградного давления (р0,05). Выде- ленные группы достоверно различались по уровню ретроградного давления в ВСА (р0,05). Выводы. 1. Ретроградное давление в ВСА зависит от уровня системного АД, зависимость эта прямо пропорциональная и может быть высокой, средней и низкой. 2. При выполнении операции КЭАЭ уро- вень систолического ретроградного давления выше 40 мм рт. ст. может быть обеспечен посредством коррекции центральной гемодинамики на этапе пережатия внутренней сонной артерии.

Background Whether right and left heart hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not known. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of subjects who had right heart catheterization within the ALVEOLI trial and Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial. Myocardial injury was assessed using a highly sensitive troponin assay (hsTn; Abbot ARCHITECT). Hemodynamic variables included right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac index and stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial compliance, and pulmonary effective arterial elastance. We performed linear, logistic, and Cox regression to determine the association of hemodynamic variables with myocardial injury and to determine if hemodynamics mediated the association between myocardial injury and death. Results Among 252 ARDS patients, median day 0 troponin was 65.4 (13.8–397.8) ng/L. Lower cardiac index (β −0.23 SE 0.10; P

Objective: The primary goal of fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients is to improve oxygen delivery to ensure adequate organ perfusion. Little evidence is known about renal response to fluids in the acute phase, so renal monitoring after the fluid challenge is fundamental during critical care stay. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the renal resistive index (RRI) and to compare these changes with hemodynamic parameters after fluid challenge in fluid responsive critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients older than 18 years who underwent sedation and received mechanical ventilation were prospectively studied. Twenty patients were fluid responsive and were included in the study. An increase of cardiac output (CO) by 10% or more after PLR measured by ultrasonic CO monitor suspected fluid responsiveness. 500 mL of isotonic solution was administered intravenously for 30 minutes. CO measurements were performed at 0, 1 and 30 minutes. RRI and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured by Doppler ultrasonography at 0 and 30 minutes. Repeated measures ANOVA method was used for statistical analysis and p