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A 89m-long spiral trench in 4” Si wafer is fabricated as the coil mold for the compact superconducting magnetic energy storage. Seven parallel 3-stepped micro-trench can reduce the disconnection risk caused by defects being the safety each other.

The microscopic theory of superconductivity in a magnetic field has been studied for many years since the development of Gor’kov theory for a weak magnetic field. Theoretical predictions that the critical temperature in strong magnetic fields may be higher than that in zero magnetic fields has stimulated intensive theoretical study of superconductivity behavior in high magnetic fields. In the present paper, Gor’kov theory is reformulated in terms of the exact Green function in a magnetic field (i.e., the Kummer function). The linearized gap equation is solved graphically for a two-dimensional system and a critical line in the magnetic field–temperature plane is obtained. We find that a superconducting domain exists on the higher field side of the domain according to the parabolic law.

The influence of segregated sulfur on palladium permeability was investigated using deuterium permeation through palladium membrane, which was pretreated by annealing in vacuum and/or in air. It has been found that the palladium membrane is almost impermeable after vacuum annealing, while it is permeable after air annealing. A combination of vacuum annealing of a Pd membrane followed by annealing in air leads to better and more stable D2 permeation because S has been depleted from the Pd bulk. In fact, cleaning S from Pd in spell out (UHV) normally proceeds via cycles of high T annealing to drive S to the surface, followed by burning off the S as SO2 by heating in an O2 environment. The results in this study well demonstrate the influence of sulfur on the deuterium-permeation rate and on the behavior of sulfur segregation from Pd bulk to the surface.

We have developed a 3D player using a high density optical disc (CD-ROM) as the storage medium. Two video channels are compressed by MPEG2 technology while the audio signal is compressed by MPEG1 technology. The player is controlled by our newly developed real time OS. This OS allows the video and audio MPEG streams to be synchronized during playback. The 2 channels video data and audio data are interleaved during recording on the disc. We also have developed a unique disc recording format. The 3D data recorded with this format are exactly synchronized during playback. >

We examined a long-play video disc for Hi-Vision baseband video. The Hi-Vision video signal is divided into two TCl signals and recorded on both sides of a disc without bandwidth compression. For playback, two pick-ups using visible laser diode (wavelength:675 nm) read the signals on both sides of a disc simultaneously. We realized a double-density Hi-Vision video disc with 60 minutes' playback time on one disc. >

1H- and 3H-Cyclopent[a]azulenes having an electron withdrawing group, such as a methoxycarbonyl or a cyano group, at the 9-position were synthesized from their dihydro compounds by means of bromination with NBS and succeeding dehydrobromination by refluxing in chloroform. Base-catalyzed condensation of these cyclopent[a]azulenes with carbonyl compounds afforded 1-methylene-1H- and 3-methylene-3H-cyclopent[a]azulene derivatives having an electron withdrawing group at the 9-position. The physical properties of these methylenecyclopent[a]azulenes are also discussed.

1H- and 3H-Cyclopent[a]azulenes having an electron withdrawing group, such as a methoxycarbonyl or a cyano group, at the 9-position were synthesized from their dihydro compounds by means of bromination with NBS and succeeding dehydrobromination by refluxing in chloroform. Base-catalyzed condensation of these cyclopent[a]azulenes with carbonyl compounds afforded 1-methylene-1H- and 3-methylene-3H-cyclopent[a]azulene derivatives having an electron withdrawing group at the 9-position. The physical properties of these methylenecyclopent[a]azulenes are also discussed.

The effects of the oxygen deficiency on the electrical and magnetic properties of Sr 2 VO 4− δ were investigated. Single-phase samples of polycrystalline Sr 2 VO 4− δ with δ =0.18, 0.29 and 0.38 were synthesized by the solid state reaction in flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The crystal structure was determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data. All the samples were tetragonal at 298 K. With increase of δ, the lattice constant ‘a’ decreased and the lattice constant ‘c’ increased. Electrical resistivity measurements showed that all the samples were semiconductive with resistivity of about 1Ωcm at 298 K. Magnetic measurements showed that the magnetic properties of Sr 2 VO 4− δ system were strongly dependent on the oxygen deficiency δ. It was suggested that the non oxygen-deficient compound Sr 2 VO 4 ( δ =0) had no magnetic long-range order. As δ was increased, spin-glass-like behavior became evident at low temperatures and was overlapped by a long-range magnetic order with a transition temperature of ∼ 35 K for δ ≧ ∼ 0.2 . It was suggested that the long-range magnetic order was a canted antiferromagnetism with a small net magnetization.

A single crystal of sapphire was implanted with 100-keV57Fe to a dose of 3.4×1015 ions/cm2. The charge states of iron ions were investigated with the CEMS technique at low temperatures. The formation of the observed charge states Fe2+(1) and Fe2+(2) were elucidated in terms of crystal structure.

A new tricyclic π-conjugated system, cyclopent[a]azulen-3(H)-one, was prepared by flash vacuum pyrolysis on the final step. All proton signals of this molecule were observed at higher magnetic resonance field than expected in terms of induced paramagnetic ring current in the periphery of this molecule.

A layered perovskite compound Sr3V2O7.01 was synthesized by heating mixtures of the constituent oxides at 1110°C in flowing hydrogen atmosphere. Rietveld analysis based on powder X-ray diffraction data shows that the compound has a tetragonal structure (I4/mmm) with a = 3.8331(7) A and c = 20.2459(6) A . The resistivity of the compound is 4.8 mΩ· cm at room temperature (300 K) and decreases with decreasing temperature down to 2 K. The magnetic susceptibility can be represented by a summation of temperature-independent and Curie-Weiss terms. The effective number of Bohr magnetons per vanadium atom is 0.37, which is considerably smaller than the free-ion value of 1.73 for V4+.

A new compound Sr4V3O9.60±0.01 has been synthesized by solid state reaction in flowing hydrogen atmosphere. Rietveld analysis based on X-ray diffraction data shows that it has a tetragonal structure (I4/mmm) with a = 3.8457(1) A and c = 27.9017(3) A . The resistivity of the compound is 1.4 mΩ · cm at room temperature (300 K) and decreases with decreasing temperature down to about 100 K followed by a slight increase with a further decrease of temperature. The magnetic susceptibility can be represented by a summation of temperature-independent and Curie-Weiss terms. The effective number of Bohr magnetons per vanadium atom is 0.37, which is considerably smaller than the free-ion values of 2.83 for V3+ and 1.73 for V4+. These results suggest that electron-electron interactions among the narrow π∗ band (t2g symmetry) electrons are important in this compound.

A hi-vision three-dimensional system with two MUSE videodisc players and a 6-tube-type projector called hi-vision, has been developed. Using the hi-vision picture, excellent three-dimensional video pictures can be presented on large-scale screens. The two videodisc players enable synchronized replaying to reproduce three-dimensional images. A 6-tube-type projector with two-way RGB input is adopted for display. By using laser discs, long-time consecutive video replay is possible. In case of replaying without three-dimensional characteristics, long-term replay or repeated replay of two different hi-vision programs can be presented by operating the two players alternately. >

In many cases, control system synthesis is formulated as minimization of prescribed closed loop performance reflecting control requirements. Since the closed loop performance is a function of a controlled plant and a controller, a model identification and a controller design must interact with each other. This motivates us to consider the model identification and the controller design simultaneously. However, most of the previous joint design methods are not applicable to unstable plants because the identified plant model is usually used as the design parameter. On the other hand, we have analyzed the internal structure of 2DOF control system using a coprime factorization on RH/sub /spl infin// and shown that two free parameters, K and Q RH/sub /spl infin//, specify the tracking performance and the feedback performance, respectively. Also Tay et.al have proposed a parameterization of the plant dynamics by switching the role of the controlled plant and the controller, and introduced a free parameter R RH/sub /spl infin//. In this paper, we propose a new joint design strategy based on the identification of R and the design of Q. Since the identified plant parameter R is always stable, the proposed joint design strategy can be applied to a wider class than the conventional joint design method.

It is generally believed that the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x constantly increases as x increases up to 7. On the contrary, measurements of electric properties for epitaxially-grown thin films show that the T c is reduced near x =7. This reduction in T c reminds one of the property of La 2− y Sr y CuO 4 for high hole concentration, that is, the T c is reduced by excess hole doping. This over-hole-doping state may be an intrinsic feature of YBa 2 Cu 3 O ≈7 .

Detection of circulating cancer cells in peripheral blood may improve cancer staging and monitoring. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical implications of detection of circulating cancer cells in renal cancer patients. Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) mRNA was amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the peripheral blood of 33 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with renal cell carcinoma. The detection limit of the method was 10 cancer cells in 10(7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The positive detection rate was 47% for renal cancer patients and 9% for healthy volunteers. The number of patients expressing CK19 mRNA in each clinical stage was 0 out of 3 patients in stage 1; 2 out of 8 (25%) in stage 2; 3 out of 4 (75%) in stage 3; 4 out 4 (100%) in stage 4. A significant correlation was seen between CK19 mRNA expression and clinical stage (p = 0.0023). This method may be useful for early detection of micrometastasis, and facilitate the design of better therapeutic strategies for the treatment of renal cancer patients.

Pamidronate is a second generation bisphosphonate used for treating tumor-induced hypercalcemia and for preventing the development of new bone metastasis. A 47-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma was admitted in our institution because of hypercalcemia with multiple metastasis in bone, lung and lymph nodes. After embolization of the right renal artery, the patient was treated with pamidronate and interferon-alpha. Intravenous pamidronate significantly reduced bone pain and normalized the serum calcium level. The pulmonary metastasis responded to interferon therapy after 2 months of therapy. Radical nephrectomy was then carried out. Paraaortic lymph nodes were found to be necrosed completely. Ossification of osteolytic lesions was observed after two months of therapy and metastatic lesions in the lung showed complete remission (CR) after six months of therapy.

A 65-year old man, who had had resection of a right ureter tumor two years earlier, was hospitalized with complaints of lower abdominal discomfort and hematuria. Pathological diagnosis of the ureteral tumor was grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large tumor in the retrovesical space and recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma was suggested. Total pelvic exenteration was performed and pathological diagnosis of the tumor was undifferentiated carcinoma simulating malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed no antigens specific for the lymphoid cells or epithelial cells on the specimen. This tumor consisting of undifferentiated carcinoma was considered to be recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma with the diffuse pattern simulating malignant lymphoma proposed by Zukerberg et al.

We studied the dietary habits of 113 upper urinary tract stone formers and 24-h urine specimens before and after dietary control. Protein intake was decreased in male patients after dietary control but urinary risk factors were not changed significantly. The excretion of urinary risk factors (calcium, uric acid and oxalate) was decreased in the patients who had calcium excretion of more than 250 mg per day or uric acid excretion more than 650 mg per day or oxalate excretion more than 45 mg per day before the control. The daily protein intake was significantly correlated to urinary uric acid, calcium, and phosphate excretion and the daily vitamin C intake to urinary citrate excretion. There was a negative correlation between the daily calcium intake and urinary oxalate. The mean stone episode rate of these patients was significantly decreased from 0.174 to 0.059 stones per year by dietary control (p0.005).

Phase II clinical study of mercaptoacetylglycyl-glycylglycinate (99mTc) technetium (99mTc-MAG3), a new scintigraphic and renographic agent, was performed to evaluate its safety, clinical usefulness and optimal dosage at 5 institutions in total 88 patients with mild renal or urinary disorders. There was no case showed adverse reaction in patients studied and the administration of the agent was proved to be safe. The effectiveness of the agent was evaluated and revealed to be effective in all cases analyzed. A range of dosage 200-400 MBq was found to be optimal, from image quality and clinical information obtained. It is concluded that 99mTc-MAG3 is a safe and useful radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of renal dynamic function.

A new tricyclic π-conjugated system, cyclopent[a]azulen-3(H)-one, was prepared by flash vacuum pyrolysis on the final step. All proton signals of this molecule were observed at higher magnetic resonance field than expected in terms of induced paramagnetic ring current in the periphery of this molecule.

A retrospective study was carried out on 95 patients affected with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) between January 1973 and December 1988. Male to female ratio was 3 to 1 and the average age was 61 years. Hematuria was the most common initial symptom (44 patients, 46.3%), followed by incidental findings (18 patients, 18.9%). Five- and 10-year survival rates for all patients with RCC were 51.9 and 37.1%, respectively. Five-year survival rates for stage I, II, III, and IV were 82.7 54.7, 20.0, and 4.7%, respectively. Statistical analyses identified variables that significantly influenced survival, including lymph node metastasis (p less than 0.01) and distant metastasis (p less than 0.01). Cell type and renal vein involvement did not influence survival significantly. The three different forms of therapy (mitomycin therapy vincristine therapy and immunological therapy) did not influence survival significantly, but the beneficial effect of VBL therapy was obtained.

The 60 cases of primary renal pelvic and ureteral tumors treated at Mie University hospitals between January 1977 and December 1987 were reviewed and factors predicting the prognosis were investigated. The patients consisted of 47 men and 13 women (3.6: 1.0). Their ages ranged from 38 to 82 years with a mean of 65.2 years. According to Akaza's category classification of the ureteropelvic tumor, 42 cases were classified to category A, 15 cases category B and 1 case was classified to category C. Histologically, 59 transitional cell carcinomas and 1 squamous cell carcinoma were found. As to grading, 5 was G1, 31 G2, 21 G3 and 2 GX. As to staging, 20 were pT1, 10 pT2, 21 pT3, 3 pT4 and 6 pTX. Staging was correlated well with grading. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed on 39 patients and the other surgical treatments were done on 15 patients. Recurrence of the bladder tumor was found in 22.4%. The 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier's method) was 47.8% for all of the patients. Among the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rate was 100% for G1, 57.6% for G2 and 28.6% for G3. As to staging the 5-year survival rate was 90.0% for below pT1, 20.0% for pT2 and 41.1% for pT3. The results from the present study suggest the prognosis is decided by grade and stage in pelvic and ureteral tumors, and it is wanted to develop a system of postoperative adjuvant therapy.

To evaluate the correlation between the histological grade and the prognosis, we reviewed 100 cases of prostatic cancer according to the Japanese General Rules of Prostatic Cancer (JGRPC) and Gleason grading system. The study led to the following results: (1) There was a close relation between the JGRPC grade and Gleason score (GS). (2) The JGRPC grade and Gleason score were equally concerned with the clinical stage. (3) There were significant differences in survival rate between well and moderately, well and poorly differentiated groups by the JGRPC grading system, and between GS 2-4 and GS 5-7, GS 2-4 and GS 8-10 groups by Gleason score. (4) In proportion to the JGRPC grade, the cancer death rate increased linearly in each stage. (5) When the patients were grouped according to their JGRPC grades of main lesion and accompanied lesion, the cancer death rate increased in the cases with lower differentiated elements. We conclude that the JGRPC grading system is easily comprehensible, and equal with the Gleason grading system to predict the prognosis of prostatic cancer.

A case of renal cell carcinoma and bladder carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease is reported. A 31-year-old female was referred to the Department of Urology for further examination of right renal mass which was incidentally found on abdominal computed tomography (CT). The patient was operated on spinal hemangioma in May 19 and July 8, 1975, on cerebellar hemangioblastoma in July, 1976 and June 10, 1981 and on cerebellar cyst in June 20, 1988. Angiography revealed three hypervascular renal tumors in the right kidney. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary bladder tumor (TCC Grade 1). Transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma was performed on July 28, 1988. Right radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed on August 2, 1988. Histopathologically, the tumor was renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type (Grade 1). Postoperative course was uneventful and the residual kidney is being followed up in the outpatient clinic.

The effect of intravesical combination chemotherapy on superficial bladder tumors was analyzed. Seventy-two patients were treated with intravesical instillation of the following anticancer drugs. MMC group: Mitomycin C (MMC) 10 mg and cytosine arabinoside (CA) 300 mg. ADM group: Adriamycin (ADM) 30 mg and CA 300 mg. PEP group: Peplomycin (PEP) 30 mg and CA 300 mg. MAC group: MMC 10 mg, ADM 30 mg and CA 300 mg. Antitumor effects in the MMC, ADM, PEP and MAC groups were evaluated in 16, 18, 17 and 21 patients and objective response (CR + PR) of tumor was observed in 87.5%, 50.0%, 35.3% and 28.6% of these patients. The papillary tumors, small tumors and low grade tumors responded better to these intravesical chemotherapies than the non-papillary tumors, the middle grade tumors and the high grade tumors. The recurrence rate in 72 patients was 6.9, 14.6 and 26.8% within 1, 2 and 3 years. No significant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between the MMC, ADM, PEP and MAC group, but the MMC group tended to have a lower recurrence rate than the other groups. The recurrence rate for the low grade tumors and the middle grade tumors was significantly lower than that for the high grade tumors and the small tumors. The major side effect of instillation therapy with these drugs was bladder irritation which appeared in 16.7% of all the patients (78 cases). In conclusion, intravesical chemotherapy is a useful approach for controlling superficial urinary bladder tumors, especially the combination of MMC and CA.

The behaviour of deuterium implanted in Al was studied by the D(3He,p)4He and the D(d,p)T nuclear reactions. Changes of the depth profiles on the deuterium after heat treatments indicated that the implanted deuterium was trapped by the defect produced during the deuterium implantation and the release probability of the trapped deuterium increased as the specimen temperature was raised. Assuming a thermal equilibrium locally in the region of high defect concentration, the trapping energy of deuterium in Al was determined to be 0.12 eV. Since the release probability for the single crystal was considerably larger than that for the polycrystal specimens, the deuterium was considered to be strongly trapped in the grain boundaries. Distributions of displaced Al atoms and the recovery of the lattice damage by annealing were measured by the channelling technique.

The formats of the four signals recorded on the high definition optical video disk system are discussed. The first signal is a video carrier FM-modulated with a bandwidth-compressed signal for use in HDTV broadcasting through a satellite. The second is a pilot signal for turntable motor control and jitter compensation. The other two consist of PCM stereo sound, one using time-division and the other frequency-division multiplexing. The resulting disk offers high-definition pictures and high-fidelity sound, and has a playing time of 60 minutes (total for both sides). >

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of 45Sc and electrical and thermal resistivities in an itinerant electron ferromagnet Sc3In were measured in both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states as a function of magnetic field strength. The observed magnetic field dependence of (T1T)-1 and negative magnetoresistivities in both states are explained very well by the self-consistently renormalized spin fluctuation theory in which the effect of magnetic field was taken into account. These experimental results support the spin fluctuation theory and suggest the importance of the effect of magnetic field on spin fluctuations.

Crotonothioamide, sorbothioamide, and cinnamothioamide undergo a threo selective aldol condensation via their enolates generated by a Michael addition of organometallics.

A 49-year-old women who presented with right upper abdominal mass and back pain had a nephroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, in the right kidney. After radical nephrectomy the patient was treated with chemotherapy in the form of actinomycin D and vincristine. Despite the intensive chemotherapy, the patient died of respiratory failure by multiple metastasis at chest wall and lung. The pathology and treatment of adult Wilms' tumor were discussed.

Medium chain triglyceride emulsion (MCT) which is composed of 10% emulsion of tricaprylin (C8) or long chain triglyceride emulsion (LCT, 10% Intralipos) was infused intravenously to 20 rabbits for a period of 180 min (n = 10; MCT, n = 10; LCT). Five rabbits of each group were also given lipopolysaccharide (LPS B, E. Coli 055: B5, Difco Laboratories, Detroit Michigan, U.S.A.) at a rate of 0.3mg/kg/hr to a total dose of 0.9 mg/kg. The production of ketone-bodies (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) was quantified. MCT was more easily oxidized than LCT, regardless of the administration of LPS. Oxidation of LCT was suppressed by the administration of LPS, while that of MCT was not suppressed. In the presence of LPS, MCT caused a more pronounced decrease in the arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) than LCT. These results indicate that MCT seems to be a better energy source than LCT under the condition where the transport of fatty acid across the mitochondrial membrane was impaired by the administration of LPS.