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Parents of children and youth with disabilities (CYD) have expressed unique physical activity (PA) information needs. Community-based organizations (CBOs) require assistance to meet these needs. Guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II, this project established evidence-informed recommendations for developing PA information targeting families of CYD. This process involved a systematic scoping review to inform draft recommendations (k = 23), which were revised via a consensus meeting with researchers, knowledge users from CBOs, and families of CYD. Broader consultation with CBO knowledge users informed the final recommendations (k = 5) that fit within the following categories: (a) language and definitions, (b) program information, (c) benefits of PA, (d) barriers to PA, and (e) PA ideas and self-regulation tools. CBOs are encouraged to consider these recommendations when developing PA information for families of CYD. Future research will focus on the development of knowledge products to disseminate the recommendations to CBOs and support implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents a comprehensive summary and critical evaluation of intention-to-treat analysis, with a particular focus on its application to randomized controlled trials within the field of rehabilitation. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a methodological review that encompassed electronic and manual search strategies to identify relevant studies. Our selection process involved two independent reviewers who initially screened titles and abstracts and subsequently performed full-text screening based on established eligibility criteria. In addition, we included studies from manual searches that were already cataloged within the first author's personal database. The findings are synthesized through a narrative approach, covering fundamental aspects of intention to treat, including its definition, common misconceptions, advantages, disadvantages, and key recommendations. Notably, the health literature offers a variety of definitions for intention to treat, which can lead to misinterpretations and inappropriate application when analyzing randomized controlled trial results, potentially resulting in misleading findings with significant implications for healthcare decision making. Authors should clearly report the specific intention-to-treat definition used in their analysis, provide details on participant dropouts, and explain upon their approach to managing missing data. Adherence to reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for randomized controlled trials, is essential to standardize intention-to-treat information, ensuring the delivery of accurate and informative results for healthcare decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medical errors are among the most important factors that threaten patient safety. Therefore, nurses' perspectives and experiences about medical errors are important for this manner. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine in depth the perspectives and experiences of nurses related to how they define medical error, as well as its causes, management and reporting. Design: This descriptive, exploratory study involved a qualitative design. Methods: A total of 15 clinical nurses from eleven provinces were reached by snowball sampling method. In the study, nurses' perspectives on medical errors were obtained through semistructured in‐depth online interviews conducted based on phenomenological methods. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. The research was conducted following the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative checklist. Results: The resulting 26 codes were categorized under seven themes: "Definition of medical error", "Experience of medical errors", "Frequency of medical errors", "Causes of medical errors", "Reporting of medical errors", "Medical error approach" and "Prevention of medical errors". Conclusions: The results show that it is still necessary to increase the awareness of nurses about medical errors and the importance of error reporting. In addition, it reveals the need for leadership to eliminate the negative approach to medical errors and shows that nurse managers should be empowered accordingly. Implications for Nursing Practice and Policy: It is the first step of quality and safe care to reveal nurses' perspectives on medical errors, their thoughts about medical errors and their experiences about errors in their institutions. In this study, nurses' knowledge, opinions and experiences regarding medical errors were revealed in this qualitative study. Therefore, this study offers important clues to nursing services, hospital managers and policy makers for clinical and institutional arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the association between smoking and diabetes, as well as the effects of gender differences and hidden smoking among females on this association using nationally representative data. Analyzing data from 44,049 individuals aged 19 and older, we utilized multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Subgroup analysis based on smoking status determined factors associated with diabetes. To better our understanding of the smoking-diabetes relationship, we introduced a new variable, survey-cotinine verified smoking status (SCS). This study provides valuable insight by exploring the correlation between smoking and diabetes using different definitions of smoking status. Both male and female smokers showed correlations with diabetes according to cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 1.22 and 1.48, respectively). According to smoking amount, cotinine-verified heavy smokers correlated with diabetes in males (OR: 1.37), while light smokers exhibited a negative correlation with diabetes in females for both cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 0.60) and survey-cotinine verified status (OR: 0.58) Smoking was associated with diabetes in the overall population, with gender differences observed. When evaluating this association, we should consider variables of smoking amount, passive and intermittent smoking, and specifically, account for the influence of hidden smoking among females, particularly when utilizing self-reported questionnaires in Korea. Summary: This study examines the association between smoking status and diabetes, focusing on gender-specific patterns, using a nationally representative sample. To increase the accuracy of smoking assessments, a new variable based on cotinine-determined smoking status is used. The study sheds light on the prevalence of under-reporting among female smokers in the Korean population, revealing important insights for future research and public health interventions. These findings underscore the importance of considering hidden smoking among women when investigating the relationship between smoking and diabetes, particularly when using self-reported questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This article explored the publication impact of evidence‐based healthcare terminology to determine usage and discuss options for low usage terms. Background: A plethora of terms describe the scholarship of evidence‐based healthcare. Several terms are synonyms, creating redundancy and confusion. The abundance and overlap of terms may impede the discovery of evidence. Design: This discursive article explored and discussed publication impact of evidence‐based healthcare terms. Methods: Evidence‐based healthcare terms were identified, and their 10‐year (2013–2022) publication impact was assessed in the CINAHL and Medline databases. A card sort method was also used to identify terms with low usage. Results: A total of 18/32 terms were included in the review. The terms evidence‐based practice, quality improvement, research and translational research were the most highly published terms. Publication data were presented yearly over a 10‐year period. Most terms increased in publication use over time, except for three terms whose use decreased. Several terms related to translational research have multiple synonyms. It remains unknown whether these terms are interchangeable and possibly redundant, or if there are nuanced differences between terms. Conclusion: We suggest a follow‐up review in 3–5 years to identify publication trends to assess context and terms with continued low publication usage. Terms with persistent low usage should be considered for retirement in the reporting of scholarly activities. Additionally, terms with increasing publication trends should be treated as emerging terms that contribute to evidence‐based healthcare terminology. Implications for Nursing: Confusion about the use of appropriate terminology may hinder progress in the scholarship of evidence‐based healthcare. We encourage scholars to be aware of publication impact as it relates to the use of specific terminology and be purposeful in the selection of terms used in scholarly projects and publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin anatomical terminology has been codified since 1895. However, the situation is different for national anatomical terminologies. There are countries that have standardized anatomical terminology in their language, e.g., Poland, Slovenia, Japan, Spain, Hungary, others, such as the Czech Republic or Slovakia, are still lacking their own standardized and official terminology. In the Bohemian Lands, the first terms describing parts of the human body appeared as early as the ninth century in works written in Cyrillic script. The first comprehensive references to Czech anatomical terminology appeared in the fourteenth century. From the Baroque period, anatomical terms were preserved in the educational works of the Teacher of Nations Jan Amos Comenius' Janua linguarum reserata and Orbis sensualium pictus. Many of these terms have remained almost unchanged to this day, but some of them have acquired a pejorative meaning over time. We present here an overview of the history and examples of these terms describing parts of the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the authors perspectives of the terminology developed by the Gross and Clinical Anatomy Working Group for Terminologica Anatomica2. Terminologica Anatomica2 represents a great deal of work by the Gross and Clinical Anatomy Working Group of the Federative International Program for Anatomical Terminology. Listing of synonyms and eponyms can be of great utility in terms of historical translation. However, the initial goal of achieving an international standard for anatomical terminology derived through a scholarly, consensus based process has been lost in Terminologica Anatomica2 as it provides a variety of choices that can be used to name a particular structure, in contrast to Terminologica Anatomica1 where preferred terminology is explicitly stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately, the long-awaited revision of the official anatomical nomenclature, the Terminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2), which was issued in 2019 and after a referendum among the Member Societies officially approved by the General Assembly of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 2020, is built on a new version of the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules. This breaks with many traditional views of terminology. These changes in the Terminologia Anatomica of 1998 (TA98) met great resistance within many European Anatomical Societies and their members are not willing to use terms following the RAT rules. European anatomy teachers and scientists using traditional Latin in their teaching, textbooks and atlases will keep using the TA98. The German Anatomical Society (Anatomische Gesellschaft) recently announced the usage of the TA2023AG in curricular anatomical media such as textbooks and atlases, based on the TA98 and the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). We are preparing a more extensive improvement of the TA98, called Terminologia Anatomica Humana (TAH). This project is fully based on the noncontroversial terms of TA98, incorporating the recent digital version (2022) of the TNA from 2017. Further, it is completed with many new terms, including those in TA2, along with their definitions and relevant references, clinical terms, and correcting inconsistencies in the TA98. The TAH is still in process, but many chapters are already freely available at the IFAA Website in Fribourg (https://ifaa.unifr.ch) as is the digital version of the TNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we establish the existence of a new type of rigidity of symplectic embeddings coming from obligatory intersections with symplectic planes. In particular, we prove that if a Euclidean ball is symplectically embedded in the Euclidean unit ball, then it must intersect a sufficiently fine grid of two-codimensional pairwise disjoint symplectic planes. Inspired by analogous terminology for Lagrangian submanifolds, we refer to these obstructions as symplectic barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive biotechnologies can separate concepts of parenthood into genetic, gestational and social dimensions, often leading to a fragmentation of heteronormative kinship models and posing a challenge to historical methods of establishing legal and/or moral parenthood. Using fictional cases, this article will demonstrate that the issues surrounding the intersection of current and emerging reproductive biotechnologies with definitions of parenthood are already leading to confusion regarding social and legal family ties for offspring, which is only expected to increase as new technologies develop. Rather than opposing these new technologies to reassert traditional concepts of the family, however, this article will explore the opportunities that these technologies represent for re‐imagining various culturally cherished values of family‐making in a way that is inclusive of diverse genders, sexualities and cultures. It will consider IVF, gametogenesis, mitochondrial donation, surrogacy, artificial gestation, CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing, foster care and adoption as some of many possible pathways to parenthood, including for members of the LGBTIAUQ+ community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, over one thousand papers were published on "Susceptible- Exposed-Infectious-Removed" (SEIR) epidemic computational models. The English word "exposed" in its vernacular and public health usage means a state of having been in contact with an infectious individual, but not necessarily infected. In contrast, the term "exposed" in SEIR modeling usage typically stands for a state of already being infected but not yet being infectious to others, a state more properly termed "latently infected." In public health language, "exposed" means possibly infected, yet in SEIR modeling language, "exposed" means already infected. This paper retraces the conceptual and mathematical origins of this terminological disconnect and concludes that epidemic modelers should consider using the "SLIR" notational short-hand (L for Latent) instead of SEIR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically identify knowledge patterns and gaps in the appropriateness of nursing home (NH) to emergency department (ED) transitional care for older adults with dementia. Method: A systematic search of multiple information sources was performed from July to August 2023 using predesigned search strategies. Results: From 13 articles, 54 identified pieces of specific care evidence were grouped into six major care domains: (1) Resource Support for Assessing Transfer Needs and Patient Status; (2) Resource Support, Shared Decision Making, and Early Advance Care Planning; (3) Standardized Multimodal Information Transfer; (4) Designated ED and NH Transition Coordinators; (5) Enhanced Interfacility Collaboration; and (6) Appropriate Transitional Care Education, Research, and Policy Beyond the Transfer Interface. Conclusion: A comprehensive, consensus-based body of evidence is lacking. Despite person-centered, standardized, and professional resources supporting transitional care, reorienting NH cultural models remains unclear. Gaps include evidence tailored to diverse participants and contexts. Thus, a focus on policies, education, and research is required. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(9), 37–45.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deterrence is a subject of discussion across the disciplines of criminology and Security Studies. However, scholars in the latter discipline have access to a far richer relevant terminology. The terminology of deterrence in Security Studies has particularly grown in relation to terrorism. This paper seeks to use that terminology as an aid to the detailed examination of an approach to crime reduction: Focused Deterrence. Use of Focused Deterrence has delivered promising results, but mechanistic explanation of such outcomes has been found wanting. It is hoped that access to a more detailed terminology will assist those seeking to identify causal mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On three occasions Aristotle judges explanations by earlier thinkers to be simply 'beyond us' (ὑðὲñ ἡìᾶò), namely, at Meta. iii 4, GA i 18, and GA ii 8. What failure is Aristotle charging earlier scientists with when he says this? I argue that the phrase 'beyond us' introduces a carefully considered charge (as opposed to an empty dismissal): an explanation of fact p is 'beyond us' when and only when it posits an explainer q that is (i) empirically unverifiable and (ii) will explain only this one fact p and no other facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drill-and-practice flashcard interventions are often used when students display delays in sight word recognition and word reading fluency. Sight-phrase interventions connect two to three words together to teach connected text instead of words in isolation. Although studies have shown that students can learn to read sight phrases through a tablet-based intervention, there have been no studies comparing a tablet-based drill-and-practice sight-phrase intervention with a similar paper-based intervention. The current study used a multiple-baseline design across three students and implemented a sight-phrase intervention both using traditional flashcards and using an iPad app. Students were prompted to see the phrase, attempt to read the phrase, hear the phrase read, and then say the phrase again before moving to the next phrase. Results showed that all students quickly acquired all unknown phrases within two to five sessions. There was no difference in acquisition rate between the paper and iPad modalities. Discussion focuses on the applicability of the iPad intervention to increase efficiency in flashcard intervention delivery given that the intervention can increase student sight-phrase acquisition at a similar rate as traditional flashcard interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gastrocnemius contracture is a common problem that results in decreased ankle dorsiflexion that contributes to an array of foot and ankle ailments. A common surgical treatment for this condition is a gastrocnemius recession (GR). Many adaptations of the original procedure have been described. Misinterpretations of proper GR procedures have potentially caused confusion when selecting a treatment. This paper proposes to identify errors between the use of GR and gastrocnemius-soleus recession (GSR) procedure techniques in the current literature. A systematic literature review was performed in June 2021, using the PubMed database and select orthopedic texts. Only studies that met the established criteria and either correctly or incorrectly described a GR or GSR procedure were included. After applying exclusion criteria, 108 publications were included. These articles and texts were reviewed for surgical technique and terminology errors in accordance with established parameters. The articles were classified as either: "Correct" or "Incorrect." Of the 108 publications and texts included, 18 articles incorrectly described either a GR or a GSR (16.67%). Ninety articles correctly described either a GR or a GSR (83.33%). The literature supports the use of a GR to treat a gastrocnemius contracture. Inaccurate articles create confusion as to what exactly a GR entails. Sources of ambiguity included terminology, inconsistent anatomical zone definition, and technique selection. Due to this confusion, it is suspected that patient outcomes can be impacted. Postoperative outcomes of GSR patients are worse than GR patients. Further investigation is necessary to determine if performing the incorrect procedure negatively affects patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem in making sense of Mitsein as an aspect of Dasein in Being and Time concerns the sense in which individual Dasein is an ‘I’, given that it can be either an ‘anyone-self’ or an ‘authentic self’. Though it is clear that the anyone-self relates directly to das Man, the relation of the authentic self to others is debatable. In this paper, I reexamine the relations between self and others by making sense of the referent of each mode of selfhood, with special attention to the problem of explaining the relations between the two. The problem, I claim, can be solved by bringing into relief a certain conception of mereology (theory of parthood relations) that underlies Heidegger’s arguments. As I will demonstrate, Heidegger uses a mereological terminology that appropriates Husserl’s logic of parts and wholes from the Logical Investigations. In view of this, I suggest understanding individual Dasein, both qua anyone-self and qua authentic self, as a moment, i.e. a dependent part of an open-ended whole. The apparent gap between anyone-self and authentic self can be better understood as a shift of focus between two different aspects of being the same type of dependent part of a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust finding in psycholinguistics is that prior language experience influences subsequent language processing. This phenomenon is known as syntactic priming. Most of the empirical support for L2 syntactic priming comes from lab-based experiments. However, this evidence might not reflect how priming occurs in typical language activities in the L2 classroom. As such, we conducted a classroom-based priming study. Using a between-subject design, 52 L2 Arabic speakers read and listened to eight story-reading sessions over two weeks that either included a high proportion of the fronted temporal phrase (TP) structure (experimental group) or included no fronted TPs (controls). The effect of L2 proficiency was also investigated. Results revealed that the experimental group did not significantly increase their use of fronted TPs in the immediate posttest or the one-week delayed posttest relative to the baseline. A null effect of Arabic L2 proficiency was also observed. We discuss our findings in light of related priming theories and previous findings. This study highlights the need for more research on syntactic priming via common language tasks in the L2 classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although a variety of drug delivery devices have been launched in recent years, few studies have comprehensively investigated the market trends of combination drugs and medical devices approved or certified in Japan and the regulatory challenges related to their approval. Among the drug delivery devices, autoinjectors are more convenient than traditional prefilled syringes and are designed with safety features to prevent needlestick accidents, allowing self-injection by patients. Therefore, autoinjectors have been incorporated into the treatment of various diseases and have shown significant growth among drug delivery devices. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the market trends of combination drugs approved in Japan, especially those with autoinjector formulations, and to explore the challenges in the regulatory aspects of combination drugs. Methods: Information on the number of marketed drugs and medical devices was obtained from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) database using specific definitions. We looked at the annual changes in the number of drug delivery devices approved and certified as combination drugs or medical devices and the number of canceled certifications. We also examined the classification and main certification criteria for Japanese medical device nomenclature. Results: The study suggested that the number of combination drugs with autoinjector formulations is increasing, replacing previously approved or certified pen-type medication injectors. Moreover, 53% of all drug products were approved for autoinjector formulations after the initial authorization approval in Japan, and more than half of them obtained approval for additional formulations for autoinjectors within five years of the initial authorization approval, with the largest number of cases obtaining approval for additional formulations two years later. Conclusion: The lack of clear regulatory requirements for autoinjectors may lead to confusion among applicants. Furthermore, there are challenges in filing regulatory applications, thus hindering the rapid launch of combination drugutilizing devices with superior usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prosodic focus marking in Seoul Korean is known to be achieved primarily through prosodic phrasing, different from the use of prosody for this purpose in many other languages. This study investigates how children use prosodic phrasing for focus-marking purposes in Seoul Korean, compared to adults. Methods: Using a picture-matching game, we elicited semi-spontaneous production of SOV sentences in various focus conditions from monolingual Seoul Korean-speaking children aged 4 to 11 years. Results: We found that the children varied prosodic boundaries to distinguish narrow focus from pre-focus and broad focus in a largely adult-like manner at the age of 4 to 5; at this age, they did not distinguish narrow focus from post- focus or contrastive focus using prosodic boundaries, similar to the adults. Their use of the prosodic boundaries in distinguishing the focus conditions was not fully adult-like in terms of frequency until the age of 10 to 11. Discussion: In conjunction with the findings of previous studies on the acquisition of focus marking in Germanic languages, performed using a similar experimental method, our findings suggest that Seoul Korean-speaking children acquire the use of prosodic phrasing earlier than Dutch-speaking children acquiring the use of pitch accent but slightly later than Stockholm Swedish-speaking children acquiring the use of a prominence-marking high tone. These findings imply that the rate of focus-marking acquisition depends on the transparency of the form-meaning mapping between the phonological cue and focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operational steganalysis contends with a major problem referred to as the cover-source mismatch (CSM), which is essentially a difference in distribution caused by different parameters and settings over training and test data. Despite it being of fundamental importance in an operational context, the CSM problem is often overlooked in the literature. With the goal to increase the visibility of this problem and attract the interest of the community, the present paper proposes a systematic review of the literature. It summarizes gathered knowledge and major open questions over the last 20 years of active research on CSM: terminology, methods of measurement, known causes, and mitigation strategies. Over 100 papers exploring, mitigating, assessing, or discussing steganalysis under train-test mismatch were collected by sampling scholar databases, and tracing references, cited and generated. For image steganalysis, the literature provided enough evidence to quantify the impact of causes, and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper stresses the importance of identifying the nature of an author's conception of logic when using terms from modern logic in order to avoid, as far as possible, injecting our own conception of logic in the author's texts. Sundholm (2012. “‘Inference versus consequence” revisited: Inference, conditional, implication’, Synthese, 187, 943–956) points out that inferences are staged at the epistemic level and are made out of judgments, not propositions. Since it is now standard to read Aristotelian sullogismoi as inferences, I have taken Alexander of Aphrodisias's commentaries to Aristotle's logical treatises as a basis for arguing that the premises and conclusions should be read as judgments rather than as propositions. Under this reading, when Alexander speaks of protaseis, we should not read the modern notion of proposition, but rather what we now call judgments. The point is not just a matter of terminology, it is about the conception of logic this terminology conveys. In this regard, insisting on judgments rather than on propositions helps bring to light Alexander's epistemic conception of logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Significance Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is increasingly utilized worldwide in epilepsy surgery planning. International guidelines for SEEG terminology and interpretation are yet to be proposed. There are worldwide differences in SEEG definitions, application of features in epilepsy surgery planning, and interpretation of surgical outcomes. This hinders the clinical interpretation of SEEG findings and collaborative research. We aimed to assess the global perspectives on SEEG terminology, differences in the application of presurgical features, and variability in the interpretation of surgery outcome scores, and analyze how clinical expert demographics influenced these opinions.We assessed the practices and opinions of epileptologists with specialized training in SEEG using a survey. Data were qualitatively analyzed, and subgroups were examined based on geographical regions and years of experience. Primary outcomes included opinions on SEEG terminology, features used for epilepsy surgery, and interpretation of outcome scores. Additionally, we conducted a multilevel regression and poststratification analysis to characterize the nonresponders.A total of 321 expert responses from 39 countries were analyzed. We observed substantial differences in terminology, practices, and use of presurgical features across geographical regions and SEEG expertise levels. The majority of experts (220, 68.5%) favored the Lüders epileptogenic zone definition. Experts were divided regarding the seizure onset zone definition, with 179 (55.8%) favoring onset alone and 135 (42.1%) supporting onset and early propagation. In terms of presurgical SEEG features, a clear preference was found for ictal features over interictal features. Seizure onset patterns were identified as the most important features by 265 experts (82.5%). We found similar trends after correcting for nonresponders using regression analysis.This study underscores the need for standardized terminology, interpretation, and outcome assessment in SEEG‐informed epilepsy surgery. By highlighting the diverse perspectives and practices in SEEG, this research lays a solid foundation for developing globally accepted terminology and guidelines, advancing the field toward improved communication and standardization in epilepsy surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meditation, psychedelics, and other similar practices or induction methods that can modulate conscious experience, are becoming increasingly popular in clinical and non-clinical settings. The phenomenology associated with such practices or modalities is vast. Many similar effects and experiences are also reported to occur spontaneously. We argue that this experiential range is still not fully described or understood in the contemporary literature, and that there is an ethical mandate to research it more extensively, starting with comprehensive documentation and definition. We review 50 recent clinical or scientific publications to assess the range of phenomena, experiences, effects, after-effects, and impacts associated with a broad variety of psychoactive compounds, meditative practices, and other modalities or events. This results in a large inventory synthesizing the reports of over 30,000 individual subjects. We then critically discuss various terms and concepts that have been used in recent literature to designate all or parts of the range this inventory covers. We make the case that specialized terminologies are needed to ground the nascent research field that is forming around this experiential domain. As a step in this direction, we propose the notion of “emergence” and some of its derivatives, such as “emergent phenomenology,” as possibly foundational candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory experience pertaining to any of the recognized senses can manifest as a form of intangible cultural heritage, therefore having considerable value for society. Heritage research into multiple sensory components needs to consider not simply the social experience of each of the individual modalities, but how these sensory components combine or integrate to form an all‐encompassing multisensory experience. Clear terminologies are needed to accurately identify and describe such complex processes. We put forward a distinct lexicon in this perspective, building on conventional terms "multisensory perception" and "multisensory integration" and advancing the definitions "multisensory experience" and "multisensory heritage." Practical applications: This perspective serves to delineate the extension of the term multisensory into the social science discipline. The sharing of a common nomenclature will allow a more unified development and scientific rigor moving forward and allows us to recognize, identify, and describe complex processes of multisensory experience and multisensory heritage. It allows us to understand that the human emotional response to multisensory experience is culturally enshrined, being recognized as a form of multisensory heritage following attribution of societal values. Finally, it recognizes the experiential response to multisensory heritage is unique, being significantly different than those of individual sensory experiences, presenting opportunities and challenges in heritage management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The problem of transcoding is recurrent when researchers wish to link occupational data from cohorts to Job-Exposure Matrices (JEMs) which were not set up in the same classifications. The Occupational Asthma-specific JEM (OAsJEM) is a JEM developed for assessing exposure to agents known at risk for asthma for jobs coded with ISCO88 occupation classification. To apply the OAsJEM in the CONSTANCES cohort, in which jobs and industries were coded with French PCS2003 and NAF2008 classifications respectively, we developed a crosswalk to convert jobs from PCS2003 into ISCO88 classification. Methods This work was carried out by 2 skilled coders and 1 novice coder who have worked independently by using different tools and transcoding strategies defined a priori. Consensus meetings were organized with skilled coders to define the final crosswalk. This work was elaborated in 2 steps: (i) for 38 ISCO88 codes classified as potentially exposed to cleaning and disinfection products by the OAsJEM, and (ii) for all jobs from the ISCO88 classification. A comparison between the 3 initial coder's crosswalk proposals and the final crosswalk was made for the 38 ISCO codes in step (i). Results The final crosswalk provided 998 matches between the 482 4-digit PCS2003 codes, 308 4-digit ISCO88 codes, and 31 3-digit ISCO88 codes. Information regarding the NAF2008 industry classification was also used in some cases to improve the final crosswalk. For the selected 38 ISCO88 codes, the final crosswalk provided 110 combinations, but the number of proposed ISCO88–PCS2003 couples by each of the 3 coders varied greatly from 68 to 153. In addition, an important variability between the 3 coders were observed among the number of common combinations between the initial coder's proposals and the final crosswalk (from 47% to 78%). Discussion We have developed a crosswalk specifically for an application of the OAsJEM in population-based surveys using the PCS2003 occupation classification. The development of this crosswalk is of great interest for the use of OAsJEM on the data of the CONSTANCES cohort and on any other survey with occupational data coded according to the French classifications. This OAsJEM crosswalk could be used by other teams to evaluate occupational exposures known to be at risk of asthma from occupational calendars coded with French classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) is to detect and classify relation sense between two text segments without an explicit connective. Existing neural network models learn a semantic representation for each argument from its compositional words and classify discourse relation by the interactive semantic representation of an argument pair. As the basic English unit, a word only carries a simple and limited meaning that may be incorrectly interpreted in an argument without considering its syntactic context. This motivates us to explore whether we can learn an argument's semantic representation from another language unit phrase which usually contains full contextual meaning. We also argue that some semantic connection in between phrase pairs can be further exploited to infer the discourse relation between arguments. In this paper, we propose an Attentive Phrase Interaction Learning (APIL) model to parse and encode the interactive phrase structure for the IDRR task. In APIL, we propose a minimum subtree algorithm to obtain the phrase sequence of input arguments from its constituency syntax tree. We also design an Attentive Matching Network to learn the representation for each phrase from both arguments' semantic context and words' linguistic evidence. Furthermore, we propose a Phrase Inference Network to encode the linguistic relations of phrase pairs as semantic connections for relation inference. Experiments on the PDTB corpus show that our APIL model outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines various forms of deviation from the apparent meaning in Surah Al-Imran, employing a rhetorical analysis. The study delves into the phenomenon of speech deviation from the apparent meaning, analyzing its manifestations, and exploring the rhetorical devices employed, such as diversion, manifestation, ellipsis, expressing the past through future terminology, and vice versa. The research aims to uncover the rhetorical secrets behind these linguistic deviations. At the conclusion of the study, the researcher arrived at several key findings, notably that the examination of this linguistic phenomenon revealed some artistic techniques that justify the transition from implicit to explicit and vice versa. The study also highlights the significance of various forms of speech deviation, such as diversion and expressing the past through future terminology, as important rhetorical methods discussed by scholars of rhetoric and interpretation. These methods play a crucial role in conveying meanings to the reader more clearly. Furthermore, the research establishes the uniqueness of the Quranic text by showcasing a set of stylistic deviations from the apparent meaning in Surah Al-Imran. It solidifies the strong roots of Quranic rhetoric in the field of rhetorical Quranic studies, emphasizing that the Quranic text remains an eternal miracle across ages and times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives This study explores the narrated experiences of individuals with advanced stages of late-onset dementia, focusing on their diagnosis awareness. Such framing is motivated by 2 reasons. Firstly, there is a lack of consensus regarding the prevalence of anosognosia among people with dementia. Secondly, research on anosognosia often neglects to address the important issues of shame and stigma associated with receiving a dementia diagnosis. Research Design and Methods For this qualitative study, a total of 27 participants ranging in age from 66 to 94 were involved. The data collected were analyzed using textual-oriented discourse analysis. Results Our findings indicated that individuals with dementia struggled to comprehend the medical terminology used to describe their experiences within biomedical standards. The interviewees utilized 5 negative discourses on dementia, which shaped their attitudes toward the condition and people diagnosed with it. These discourses depicted dementia as an illness, negative aging, a devaluation, a burden, and a life tragedy. Moreover, study participants did not outright reject the diagnosis but rather negotiated its acceptance within the context of shame associated with dementia. Discussion and Implications The concept of anosognosia can serve as a mechanism of social control and stigmatization of people with dementia within the dominant biomedical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--: Urinary and Male Genital Tumours is the 8th volume of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours series, 5th edition. Released in hard copy in September 2022, it presents an update to the classification of male genital and urinary tumors in the molecular age. Building upon previous volumes in this series, significant effort has been made to harmonize terminology across organ systems for biologically similar tumors (eg, neuroendocrine tumors). Genomic terminology has been standardized and genetic syndromes covered more comprehensively. This review presents a concise summary of this volume, highlighting new entities, notable modifications relative to the 4th edition, and elements of relevance to routine clinical practice. Objective.--: To provide a comprehensive update on the World Health Organization classification of urinary and male genital tumors, highlighting updated diagnostic criteria and terminology. Data sources.--: The 4th and 5th editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Urinary and Male Genital Tumours. Conclusions.--: The World Health Organization has made several changes in the 5th edition of the update on urinary and male genital tumors that pathologists need to be aware of for up-to-date clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to describe and compare the proportion of patients classified as an emergency department (ED) mental health presentation under different definitions, including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) definition. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled all patients that presented to the EDs of a multi-centre Victorian health service between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2023. Varying definitions of a mental health presentation were applied to each ED attendance, applying the current AIHW definition (using selected diagnosis codes), broader diagnosis-based coding, the presenting complaint recorded at triage and whether the patient was seen by or referred to the emergency psychiatric service (EPS). The proportion of all ED presentations meeting each definition and any overlap between definitions were calculated. The agreement between each definition and the AIHW definition was evaluated using Kappa's coefficient. Results: There were 813,078 presentations to ED of which 34,248 (4.2%) met the AIHW definition for a mental health presentation. Throughout the study, 45,376 (5.6%) patients were seen and/or referred to EPS, and 36,160 (4.4%) patients were allocated a mental health presenting complaint by triage staff. There was moderate interrater agreement between these definitions, with a kappa statistic (95% confidence interval) between the AIHW definition and a mental health presenting complaint recorded at triage of 0.58 (0.58–0.59) and between the AIHW definition and review by EPS of 0.58 (0.57–0.58). Conclusions: The AIHW definition is a conservative measure of ED mental health presentations and may underestimate emergency psychiatry workload in Australian EDs. What is known about this topic? It is unknown whether the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) definition of an emergency department (ED) mental health presentation definition accurately reflects ED mental health workload. What does this paper add? The AIHW definition appears to underestimate the clinical workload related to ED mental health presentations. There is moderate agreement between the AIHW definition and mental health presentations classified according to complaint recorded at triage, or whether the patient is reviewed by psychiatry services. What are the implications for practitioners? Accurate measurement of emergency psychiatry workload should not rely on the AIHW definition alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the quality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) documentation practices of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) by medical providers. A retrospective chart review study of 99 patient encounter notes within the University of Minnesota health system (inclusive of 40 hospitals and clinics) was conducted. Extracted data included but was not limited to patient demographics, reason for patient visit, ICD code used in note, and provider description of FGC anatomy. Data was entered into REDCAP and categorized according to descriptive statistics. Out of 99 encounters, 45% used the unspecified code for FGC. The most common reason for patient visits was sexual pain, though many notes contained several reasons for the visit regarding reproductive, urological, or sexual concerns. 56% of visits discussed deinfibulation. 11 different terms for FGC were used, with "female circumcision" being the most common. 14 different terms for deinfibulation were found within 64 notes. 42% of encounters included a description of introitus size in the anatomical description, and only 38% of these provided a metric measurement. This study found significant variation in the quality of FGC documentation practices. Medical providers often used the unspecified FGC code, subjective and/or seemingly inaccurate descriptions of FGC/anatomy, and several different terms for both FGC and deinfibulation. Clearly, more education is needed in clinical training programs to (1) identify FGC type, (2) use the corresponding ICD code, and (3) use specific, objective descriptions (including presence/absence of structures and infibulation status). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, increased attention has been given to using deep learning (DL) of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare to address nursing challenges. The adoption of new technologies in nursing needs to be improved, and AI in nursing is still in its early stages. However, the current literature needs more clarity, which affects clinical practice, research, and theory development. This study aimed to clarify the meaning of deep learning and identify the defining attributes of artificial intelligence within nursing. Methods: We conducted a concept analysis of the deep learning of AI in nursing care using Walker and Avant's 8-step approach. Our search strategy employed Boolean techniques and MeSH terms across databases, including BMC, CINAHL, ClinicalKey for Nursing, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, SpringerLink and Spinger Nature, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science. By focusing on relevant keywords in titles and abstracts from articles published between 2018 and 2024, we initially found 571 sources. Results: Thirty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in this study. The attributes of evidence included four themes: focus and immersion, coding and understanding, arranging layers and algorithms, and implementing within the process of use cases to modify recommendations. Antecedents, unclear systems and communication, insufficient data management knowledge and support, and compound challenges can lead to suffering and risky caregiving tasks. Applying deep learning techniques enables nurses to simulate scenarios, predict outcomes, and plan care more precisely. Embracing deep learning equipment allows nurses to make better decisions. It empowers them with enhanced knowledge while ensuring adequate support and resources essential for caregiver and patient well-being. Access to necessary equipment is vital for high-quality home healthcare. Conclusion: This study provides a clearer understanding of the use of deep learning in nursing and its implications for nursing practice. Future research should focus on exploring the impact of deep learning on healthcare operations management through quantitative and qualitative studies. Additionally, developing a framework to guide the integration of deep learning into nursing practice is recommended to facilitate its adoption and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living organisms use substrate-borne vibrations for interacting with their environment, where vibrational signals and cues can evoke a diverse range of responses, leading to benefits or detriments for the sender and/or receiver based on the context. Vibrational signals mediate a variety of animal behaviors, and, notably, plants can gain crucial information by detecting vibrations caused by herbivores, sometimes resulting in the establishment of mutualistic interactions with insects. Drawing inspiration from the terminology established in chemical ecology, we propose the introduction of the terms 'pherodones' for intraspecific interactions and 'allelodones' for interspecific interactions. Living organisms use both chemical and mechanical stimuli to survive in their environment. Substrate-borne vibrations play a significant role in mediating behaviors in animals and inducing physiological responses in plants, leading to the emergence of the discipline of biotremology. Biotremology is experiencing rapid growth both in fundamental research and in applications like pest control, drawing attention from diverse audiences. As parallels with concepts and approaches in chemical ecology emerge, there is a pressing need for a shared standardized vocabulary in the area of overlap for mutual understanding. In this article, we propose an updated set of terms in biotremology rooted in chemical ecology, using the suffix '-done' derived from the classic Greek word 'δονέω' (pronounced 'doneo'), meaning 'to shake'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To enhance your understanding of the drinking patterns of older adults and what influences them • To gauge how to approach the subject of alcohol misuse with older adults in your care • To contribute towards revalidation as part of your 35 hours of CPD (UK readers) • To contribute towards your professional development and local registration renewal requirements (non-UK readers). Older adulthood is a unique time of transition often referred to as the ‘golden years’. It is characterised by positive life experiences such as retirement but also by a loss of routine, identity and meaning. The literature identifies alcohol misuse as a growing issue in this population. However, the stigma, perceptions and patterns of drinking associated with alcohol misuse among older people can be a barrier to individuals seeking health advice. This article identifies that older adulthood is a period when nurses can offer health education and support using their unique relationships with patients to encourage healthy drinking behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Maternal health literacy (MHL) plays a vital role in pregnancy outcomes, healthcare researchers should further analyze, refine, and develop this concept. This study aims to clarify the definition of MHL in pregnant women through a analysis of the concept. Methods: Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of MHL. A search of the literature was completed using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science (WOS), and the Science and Technology Index (SINTA) for years 2001–2021; literature search included grey literature, publications from the government and academic institutions, and available both in English and Indonesia. A total of 12 articles were reviewed. Results: MHL is a multifaceted and comprehensive concept. This study presents a working definition of MHL during pregnancy as the skills enabling women to access, comprehend, evaluate, and apply health information related to pregnancy, which are necessary for making decisions for improving and maintaining both maternal and fetal health. Guided by Walker and Avant's method, the major attributes and outcomes are determined in this study. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals can utilize this analysis to familiarize their institutions with the MHL concept, emphasize its importance, and apply it to practice. This contributes to enhancing the body of knowledge on MHL and potentially improving maternal health outcomes. Significance: What is Already Known on this Study: Enhancing MHL in pregnant women is an effective strategy for healthcare providers aiming to achieve improved maternal outcomes. What this Study adds: As MHL plays a vital role in pregnancy outcomes, healthcare researchers should further analyze, refine, and develop this concept. Healthcare professionals can utilize this analysis to familiarize their institutions with the MHL concept, emphasize its importance, and apply it to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surgical management of macular holes is undergoing continuous evolution, with recent focus on the utilization of platelet concentrates as a promising adjunctive intervention. Currently, they present a valid surgical approach for achieving anatomical and functional success with a non-inferiority comparably to the alternative surgical techniques. Nonetheless, the utilization of varied platelet concentrates terminologies, coupled with the lack of standardization in their preparation methodologies, engenders both lexical confusion and challenges in comparing scientific studies published up until now. In this review, we summarized the published evidence concerning the application of platelet concentrates in macular holes surgery, aiming to clarify the terminology and methodologies employed and to establish a common consensus facilitating further development and diffusion of this promising technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an essay about how poems end, particularly how they end their thought processes. Looking at examples ranging from Emily Dickinson to Simonides, Shakespeare, and Herder, it demonstrates how poetic thinking proceeds by interrupting itself even as it reaches for a fitting last word or phrase to close analytical loops and scratch cognitive itches. It presents poetry as an art and act of settling the mind amid intellectual desire's unrest. Learning how to end, it ultimately suggests, is the poet's and poem's art of calibrating mind and world, through the membrane of the difference between words and things, thinking and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore adult inpatients' perceptions, understanding and preferences regarding the term 'malnutrition' and to identify the terms that adult inpatients report are used by themselves and health workers to describe malnutrition. Design: This qualitative study was conducted using data collected for a separate qualitative study that investigated factors that influence the dietary intake of long‐stay, acute adult inpatients. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of current inpatients. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results: Nineteen interviews were included (mean age 64 years (standard deviation ±17), 10 female (53%), 12 malnourished (63%)). Four categories were identified. 'Variation in patients' recognition of malnutrition' represents the differing abilities of patients to understand and identify with the term 'malnutrition'. 'Recognising individuals' needs and preferences' highlights patients' varying beliefs regarding whether 'malnutrition' is or is not an appropriate term and participants' suggestion that health workers should tailor the term used to each patient. 'Inconsistencies in health workers' and patients' practice regarding malnutrition terminology' encapsulates the multiple terms that were used to describe malnutrition by health workers and patients. 'Importance of malnutrition education' summarises patients' views that health workers should provide patient education on malnutrition prevention, management and complications. Conclusion: Findings highlight variations in patients' perceptions and understanding of the term 'malnutrition' and differences in the terms used by patients and health workers to describe malnutrition. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: The terminology used by health workers to describe malnutrition risk or malnutrition to their patients can influence patients' recognition of their nutritional status and thus the multidisciplinary management of the condition. To ensure that patients receive information about their malnutrition risk or diagnosis in a way that meets their needs, health workers' practices must be revised. To do this, it is imperative to conduct further collaborative research with patients and health workers to identify optimum terms for 'malnutrition' and how health workers should communicate this to patients. Impact: There is a disparity in patients' perceptions, understanding and preferences for the term 'malnutrition' and there are inconsistencies in how health workers communicate malnutrition to patients.To support patients' recognition and understanding of their nutritional status, it is imperative for health workers to consider how they discuss malnutrition with patients. Reporting Method: Adheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (Tong et al., 2007). Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science – a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline – the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non‐native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non‐indigenous', 'naturalised', 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non‐native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non‐native', i.e. those non‐native species that have established self‐sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non‐native' – populations of established non‐native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non‐native species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dental behaviour support (DBS) describes all specific techniques practiced to support patients in their experience of professional oral healthcare. DBS is roughly synonymous with behaviour management, which is an outdated concept. There is no agreed terminology to specify the techniques used to support patients who receive dental care. This lack of specificity may lead to imprecision in describing, understanding, teaching, evaluating and implementing behaviour support techniques in dentistry. Therefore, this e‐Delphi study aimed to develop a list of agreed labels and descriptions of DBS techniques used in dentistry and sort them according to underlying principles of behaviour. Methods: Following a registered protocol, a modified e‐Delphi study was applied over two rounds with a final consensus meeting. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Agreed techniques were then categorized by four coders, according to behavioural learning theory, to sort techniques according to their mechanism of action. Results: The panel (n = 35) agreed on 42 DBS techniques from a total of 63 candidate labels and descriptions. Complete agreement was achieved regarding all labels and descriptions, while agreement was not achieved regarding distinctiveness for 17 techniques. In exploring underlying principles of learning, it became clear that multiple and differing principles may apply depending on the specific context and procedure in which the technique may be applied. Discussion: Experts agreed on what each DBS technique is, what label to use, and their description, but were less likely to agree on what distinguishes one technique from another. All techniques were describable but not comprehensively categorizable according to principles of learning. While objective consistency was not attained, greater clarity and consistency now exists. The resulting list of agreed terminology marks a significant foundation for future efforts towards understanding DBS techniques in research, education and clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of our research is to advance the understanding of behavioral responses to a system's error. By examining trust as a dynamic variable and drawing from attribution theory, we explain the underlying mechanism and suggest how terminology can be used to mitigate the so-called algorithm aversion. In this way, we show that the use of different terms may shape consumers' perceptions and provide guidance on how these differences can be mitigated. Background: Previous research has interchangeably used various terms to refer to a system and results regarding trust in systems have been ambiguous. Methods: Across three studies, we examine the effect of different system terminology on consumer behavior following a system failure. Results: Our results show that terminology crucially affects user behavior. Describing a system as "AI" (i.e., self-learning and perceived as more complex) instead of as "algorithmic" (i.e., a less complex rule-based system) leads to more favorable behavioral responses by users when a system error occurs. Conclusion: We suggest that in cases when a system's characteristics do not allow for it to be called "AI," users should be provided with an explanation of why the system's error occurred, and task complexity should be pointed out. We highlight the importance of terminology, as this can unintentionally impact the robustness and replicability of research findings. Application: This research offers insights for industries utilizing AI and algorithmic systems, highlighting how strategic terminology use can shape user trust and response to errors, thereby enhancing system acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the motivations, beliefs, and attitudes toward death-related names in some onomastic traditions in Nigeria: Ibibio, Igbo (south-east), and Owe (mid-west). The study is anchored theoretically on the ethnopragmatic framework which accounts for the locally interpretable meaning of discourse practices in terms of values and beliefs within particular cultural contexts. Drawing on ethnographic qualitative data sourced through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 30 participants, I argue that death-related names are based on varied cultural scripts that communicate many nuances of meaning grounded in lived experiences of name-givers. The article concludes that death-related names have cultural semantics that are shared cross-linguistically: to acknowledge the inevitability and unpredictability of death; to admit the existence of superior forces that control the affairs of human beings and to question the temporality of life. These names, therefore, serve as consolatory sites for the expression of grief, tension, and the rebuilding of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess cleft rhinoplasty terminology across phases of growth. Design/Setting: A systematic review was performed on cleft rhinoplasty publications over 20 years. Interventions: Studies were categorized by age at surgical intervention: infant (<1 year); immature (1 to 14 years); mature (>15 years). Main Outcome Measures: Collected data included terminology used and surgical techniques. Results: The 288 studies included demonstrated a wide range of terminology. In the infant group, 51/54 studies used the term "primary." In the immature group, 7/18 studies used the term "primary," 3/18 used "secondary." In the mature group, 2/33 studies used the term "primary," 16/33 used "secondary," 2/33 used "definitive," 5/33 used terms such as "mature," "adult," and "late," and 8/33 did not use terminology. Surgical technique assessment demonstrated: cleft rhinoplasty at infancy used nostril rim or no nasal incision, immature rhinoplasty used closed and open rhinoplasty incisions; and mature rhinoplasty used a majority of open rhinoplasty. Infant and immature cleft rhinoplasty incorporated septal harvest or spur removal in <10% of cases, whereas these procedures were common in mature rhinoplasty. No studies in infants or immature patients used osteotomies or septal grafts, common techniques in mature rhinoplasty. Conclusions: Current terminology for cleft rhinoplasty is varied and inconsistently applied across stages of facial development. However, cleft rhinoplasty performed at infancy, childhood, and facial maturity are surgically distinct procedures. The authors recommend the terminology "infant," "immature," and "mature" cleft rhinoplasty to accurately describe this procedure within the context of skeletal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document has been developed to provide a guide for basic and advanced reporting in paediatric echocardiography. Furthermore, it aims to help clinicians in the interpretation of echocardiographic measurements and functional data for estimating the severity of disease in different paediatric age groups. The following topics will be reviewed and discussed in the present document: (i) the general principle in constructing a paediatric echocardiographic report, (ii) the basic elements to be included, and (iii) the potential and limitation of currently employed tools used for disease severity quantification during paediatric reporting. A guide for the interpretation of Z-scores will be provided. Use and interpretation of parameters employed for quantification of ventricular systolic function will be discussed. Difficulties in the adoption of adult parameters for the study of diastolic function and valve defects at different ages and pressure and loading conditions will be outlined, with pitfalls for the assessment listed. A guide for careful use of prediction scores for complex congenital heart disease will be provided. Examples of basic and advanced (disease-specific) formats for reporting in paediatric echocardiography will be provided. This document should serve as a comprehensive guide to (i) structure a comprehensive paediatric echocardiographic report; (ii) identify the basic morphological details, measures, and functional parameters to be included during echocardiographic reporting; and (iii) correctly interpret measurements and functional data for estimating disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Collocational priming is a priming effect induced by collocationally related words; it has been taken to explain the cognitive reality of collocation. Collocational priming has largely been observed in first language (L1) speakers, whereas work on the representation of collocation in a second language (L2) is still limited. In the present study, we sought to investigate this phenomenon in L1 and L2 speakers of Italian. We used a lexical decision task to explore collocational priming in verb–noun and noun–adjective collocations differing in frequency and collocational strength. Both L1 and L2 speakers were found sensitive to the frequency of collocations. Importantly, exposure to L2 Italian was found to play a role. The results suggest that collocational priming occurs both in L1 and L2 speakers, and that the mechanisms associated with collocation processing and representation in L1 and L2 speakers may be comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]