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Nordic forests, such as those found in Canada were known to offer opportunities for large and relatively homogeneous harvesting blocks. Increased fragmentation of forests makes operation planning more difficult and affects costs of road building and machinery relocation. Currently, the diversity of systems used for forest operations in eastern Canada represents only a fraction of existing alternatives. It might be that at least one alternative outperforms the systems currently used in the fragmented boreal forest. Hence, a subset of potential systems was identified in a preliminary evaluation of harvest systems in fragmented operations. From this sample, the objective is to develop a mathematical model to identify the harvest system with the lowest wood procurement cost in fragmented boreal forests. The candidate systems were simulated and optimized using a static deterministic approach. According to our results, the best systems in fragmented forests involve fewer machines, hence a lower relocation cost. Two CTL systems outperformed all others. The system using removable crane self-loading trucks for transport and the one using the forwarder for loading both resulted in 4 $/m3 (USD) advantage over the third least expensive system in the most fragmented harvest sites. The proposed model can be directly applied to assess harvest systems in other parts of the world with similar forest fragmentation challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linkage mechanisms have a wide range of applications in truck-mounted cranes, folding mechanical arms of transport vehicles and so on due to their simple and effective design. Vibration problems in the linkage mechanisms seriously affect the stability and reliability of crane machines or transport vehicles. Therefore, in this study, an effective nonlinear dynamic model of a linkage mechanism with spring-damping systems is developed and experimentally validated to explore the nonlinear vibration properties. The geometric nonlinearity of the linkage mechanism is considered and the Lagrange equation is employed to establish the nonlinear dynamic equations. Based on the harmonic balance method (HBM), the nonlinear vibration properties of the structural system are analyzed. The nonlinear primary resonance response of the linkage mechanism calculated from the HBM is compared with those of the Runge–Kutta method and the experimental result, which validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed nonlinear dynamic model. The influences of some parameters, such as the spring stiffness, the lengths of connecting rods, and the installation positions of the spring-damping system, on the nonlinear vibration characteristic of the linkage mechanism are analyzed. Based on the numerical results, the folding mechanical arms or truck-mounted cranes can be conveniently designed to avoid irreparable damage to the structure caused by nonlinear primary resonance and instability phenomena, which provides new insight into the stability analysis and design of various linkage mechanisms required in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tower crane layout planning (TCLP) is key to ensure the safety and productivity of construction projects. Previous studies on TCLP mainly focused on the typical in situ construction method, however, overlooking modular integrated construction (MiC). This study aims to develop an integrated planning approach for optimizing the locations of tower cranes and trucks for MiC across the entire construction site. This approach consists of four objective components. First, identifying potential locations for cranes and trucks by adopting a gridding method and an intersection examination algorithm. Second, estimating the crane operation duration. Third, optimizing the crane and truck locations by developing an integer linear programming (ILP) model while considering various constraints, such as the demand fulfillment, the crane's lifting capacity, and the multiple truck parking areas. Lastly, optimizing the distance between cranes to avoid crane blocking on site. The proposed approach is validated via three high-rise residential MiC projects. The results achieve 19.4%–37.9% reductions in cranes' operation durations, as well as carbon emissions from the original plan. Compared with another existing TCLP method made from limited predefined layout plans, a 29.4% improvement is observed. Moreover, three aspects to extend the application of the approach are discussed: (1) the multiple tower crane layout scenario, (2) the impact of the number of truck points, and (3) the trade-offs between computing effectiveness and performance. The approach realizes the objective of TCLP decision-making for multi-crane multitruck MiC throughout the whole construction site. Construction practitioners can use this approach for decision-making which helps enhance the effectiveness of their tower crane layout designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the problem of a dynamic model of the truck crane considering the elasticity of the rope and the ground. The dynamic model of a truck crane in the vertical plane has been established. When considering the oscillation of a truck crane, it is a dynamic system with a large number of degrees of freedom. This model will allow us to evaluate the dynamic response of the machine, analyze the vibration of the heavy object being lifted and lowered, and subsequently study stability and control problems. In this paper, the dynamic models of the cranes in the working plane have been established, built by Lagrange's multiplier Equations, which are systems of differential-algebraic Equations with the generalized coordinates of the machine's motions and the elastic coordinates. The Lagrange Equation provides a simple method for solving dynamic problems. The advantage of this Equation is that the form and number of Equations do not depend on the number of objects in the investigated system, nor do they depend on the way the objects move. The number of Lagrange Equations depends only on the number of degrees of freedom of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truck cranes, which are crucial construction equipment, need to maintain good operational performance to ensure safe use. However, the complex and ever-changing working conditions they face often make it challenging to test their performance effectively. To address this issue, a multi-input and multi-output soft sensor technology model is suggested, utilizing a graph convolutional network and random forest to predict key performance indicators of crane operations such as luffing, telescoping, winching, and slewing under varying conditions. This method aims to streamline the process of testing and debugging truck cranes, ultimately reducing time and costs. Initially, the graph convolutional network model is employed to extract relevant feature information linked to the target variable. Subsequently, using this feature information and the RF model, multiple decision trees are constructed for regression prediction of the target variables. An operational dataset reflecting the crane's actual working conditions is then generated to assess the graph convolutional network and random forest model. The effectiveness of this approach is further confirmed through comparisons with other methods like gradient boosting trees, support vector regression, and multi-layer perceptron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The modular construction industry struggles to implement the modularization strategy appropriately due to a poor understanding of the differences between stick-built and modular construction methods and unique modular challenges. Among many modular challenges, transporting prefinished volumetric modules is one of the underinvestigated key challenges—the conventional methods for module transportation [e.g., truck, self-propelled modular transporter (SPMT), and so on), although fitting for projects comprising multiple modules, are not ideal for projects with fewer modules and limited jobsite space. This study investigates hydraulic jacks and trailer bogie as the potential alternative transporting and module lifting/offloading methods by examining how the prefinished volumetric housing module is affected during the lifting, transporting (on-road and jobsite), and offloading phases of transportation. A sensor was installed on the volumetric housing module to record transportation-induced shocks in front-to-back tilt and left-to-right roll, deformation, and impact. The peaks and lows recorded for tilt and roll during each transportation phase were 42, 57, 1, and 0, and 346, 70, 6, and 14, respectively. The results indicated that impacts to the module were more directly associated with left-to-right rolls than front-to-back tilt, because high rolls primarily reflected the module making wide turns, whereas no deformation or impact was recorded. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the hydraulic jack and trailer bogie as potential alternatives to the conventional crane and truck under certain conditions through the assessment of the transportation-induced impact on the prefinished volumetric housing module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container terminals are among the most critical parts of transportation systems. Reducing the ship turnaround time increases terminal efficiency and enhances global trade volumes. Such time reductions can be achieved by improving the operational efficiency of major resources at container terminals. Quay crane operating strategies are crucial for assessing the performance of container terminals. Simulation models are effective and reliable methods for interpreting and improving complex systems. This study proposes simulation models that include container loading and unloading tasks in marine container terminals implementing single-cycling and double-cycling strategies. Double-cycling is a quay crane operating strategy that attempts to improve container handling efficiency. The system was modeled using ARENA simulation software. The implementation results of the single-cycling and double-cycling strategies were compared in terms of the performance criteria, such as the utilization rates of the quay crane and yard trucks, ship turnaround time, and operating cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Telescopic truck crane is an under‐actuated mechanical system with three actuators controlling five outputs. Its complex structure, shape variation, uncertain parameters, elastic cables, and viscoelastic cylinders are great challenges in control design. This article proposes two adaptive robust controllers for such cranes. A control core assures robustness based on back‐stepping and Lyapunov stability. The adaptation is achieved by employing model‐reference adaptive and self‐tuning control approaches. Thus, the benefits of these adaptive techniques are introduced into the control systems. The application to a practical crane shows the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. The crane has robustness and adaptation despite the elasticity and friction of the load‐carrying cable, the viscoelasticity of the cylinders, the variation of crane parameters, and the presence of winds. Comprehensive comparison indicates the state of the art and the shortcomings of the control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four outstretched legs are commonly adopted in vehicle-borne platforms, e.g., high-performance truck cranes, to support their tires off the ground before executing tasks. However, the leveling control of a four-leg support platform is a statically indeterminate problem, whose solution has particularities of uncertainty and multiplicity. Prior art methods all require iterative measurement and actuation control, resulting in problems of severe oscillation, time-consuming, poor robustness, bad control of leg loads, even weak leg, and overloading will occur. In view of afore-mentioned deficiencies, this article provides a new leveling control method for the truck crane. The statically indeterminate problem is determinately processed by measuring the mass center position of the upper load, and by distinguishing active legs and the driven leg, the fast and high precision pre-leveling is achieved at first. The limited compensating actuation length of the driven leg is then calculated, and by compensating actuation, the leveling control is accomplished. A four-leg support electro-mechanical platform is built to carry out detailed experimental researches on this strategy. Results show that the speed, stability, security, robustness of the proposed strategy are superior to the traditional highest point chasing method, and fundamentally prevents the occurrence of weak leg and overturning risk, thus has application values in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In container terminals, optimizing the scheduling of external trucks and yard cranes is crucial as it directly impacts the truck turnaround time, which is one of the most critical performance measures. Furthermore, proper scheduling of external trucks contributes to reducing CO 2 emissions. Methods: This paper proposes a new approach based on a mixed integer programming model to schedule external trucks and yard cranes with the objective of minimizing CO 2 emissions and reducing truck turnaround time, the gap between trucking companies' preferred arrival time and appointed time, and the energy consumption of yard cranes. The proposed approach combines data analysis and operations research techniques. Specifically, it employs a K-means clustering algorithm to reduce the number of necessary truck trips for container handling. Additionally, a two-stage mathematical model is applied. The first stage employs a bi-objective mathematical model to plan the arrival of external trucks at the terminal gates. The second stage involves a mathematical model that schedules yard cranes' movements between different yard blocks. Results: The results show that implementing this methodology in a hypothetical case study may lead to a substantial daily reduction of approximately 31% in CO 2 emissions. Additionally, the results provide valuable insights into the trade-off between satisfying the trucking companies' preferred arrival time and the total turnaround time. Conclusions: The integration of data clustering with mathematical modeling demonstrates a notable reduction in emissions, underscoring the viability of this strategy in promoting sustainability in port-related activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the coating of a natural gas pipeline, all 14 bolts securing the pedestal of a crane boom to a truck bed failed, causing the boom to fall and strike a worker in the head. The bolts exhibited excessive corrosion indicative of exposure to a harsh corrosive environment prior to the failure. Review of provided documents revealed that the crane was kept in an uncovered yard for two years. Afterward, it was rented to petrochemical companies for use in heavy oil and gas industrial environments. The fracture surfaces of the bolts revealed signs of excessive fatigue, which were determined to be caused by loadings that the previous renters of the crane had subjected it to. Bolt fatigue drastically reduced their strength, allowing them to fail under loads well below the recommended load capacity of the crane. Maintenance records indicated that the lessor failed to perform adequate inspection of the crane, allowing bolt corrosion and fatigue to go unnoticed. Had proper inspections and maintenance instructions been provided and performed, the incident would not have occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truck cranes are indispensable heavy-duty loading and unloading equipment in industrial production. A boom is the key load-bearing component of a truck crane, and its health has a vital influence on a crane's lifting performance and safety in production. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a structural health monitoring (SHM) method for a boom structure. In this research, an improved intelligent defect location algorithm based on helical guided waves is applied to the defect detection of a U-shaped boom. The improved intelligent algorithm is a defect location algorithm based on the ellipse imaging principle, which combines an evolutionary algorithm with a K-means algorithm and can identify the location of defects through the distribution of individuals. According to the propagation characteristics of the helical guided waves in the structure of a U-shaped boom, an optimization scheme for the improved intelligent defect location algorithm is proposed that fully considers the fact that the group velocity of the helical guided waves varies with the wall thickness, and the corresponding group velocity is used to accurately calculate the arrival time of each initial individual to improve the accuracy of the defect location. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed improved intelligent defect location algorithm in the defect location algorithm. When only one group velocity is considered, the improved intelligent defect location algorithm is in good agreement with the elliptical imaging algorithm. When the group velocities for different wall thicknesses are fully considered, the detection results of the optimized intelligent defect location algorithm have a higher resolution. This optimization algorithm provides a tool for the SHM of a U-shaped boom based on guided waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydraulic manipulator has a wide range of engineering applications such as truck-mounted cranes, concrete pump trucks and other transportation equipments due to its high stiffness, high stability, lightweight and strong carrying capacity. It is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of the hydraulic manipulators since vibrations will affect the positioning accuracy and safety of the manipulators. Purpose: The nonlinear vibration characteristics of a hydraulic manipulator model which is modelled by a combined system of spring and damping are studied. Methods: Using the Lagrange equation, the nonlinear dynamic equation of the structural system is established. The approximate analytical solution of the system response is obtained by the harmonic balance method (HBM) and compared with the result obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration. The vibration experiment is conducted to measure the amplitude-frequency response of the hydraulic manipulator model and to validate the correctness of the approximate analytical solution. Results: The influences of the structural and material parameters on the nonlinear vibration responses of the hydraulic manipulator model are analyzed. The amplitude-frequency responses obtained by the HBM and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration are in good agreement. The primary resonant region of the experimental result coincides well with the theoretical one. Conclusions: The primary resonance peak can be suppressed and the stability of the hydraulic manipulator can be improved by appropriately designing the structural sizes and properly tuning the equivalent spring stiffness. The results of this study are helpful for the nonlinear vibration analysis and design of hydraulic manipulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although truck cranes commonly employ outriggers for the horizontal attitude adjustment prior to operation, the time-varying operation of the upper-structure, e.g., telescoping, pitching, rotating, loading and unloading, constantly influences the attitude stability of the chassis. In extreme operating conditions, a tiny attitude change can have disastrous consequences, resulting tip-over accidents. Although there are monitoring and warning systems of the chassis attitude in practice, the research on its active control is rarely seen. In response to this, a synchronous control theory of the upper operation and the chassis attitude maintenance were proposed. First, the expression of the center of mass of a typical truck crane was built according to its mechanism and motion parameters. Then, the quasi-static load bearing model of the outrigger system was built in combination with the deformation compatibility condition, by which the mathematical relationship between the upper operation and chassis attitude disturbance, i.e., the compensatory length of each outrigger that is required to maintain the attitude stationary of the chassis, can be determined. Based on the above models, the tip-over early warning model of truck cranes was deduced, and a synchronous control strategy of time-varying upper operation and chassis attitude maintenance was proposed and preliminarily verified by tests based on an electromechanical experimental platform. Results showed that the attitude stability of the chassis is improved by about 80% after control, which is beneficial to improve the safety of the truck crane, the operating efficiency, and reduce the operating burden of the driver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• An adaptive robust control system is proposed for telescopic boom cranes considering the shape variation of crane. • A telescopic boom crane is considered as an elastic multibody system in the face of uncertain parameters and faults. • Application to an industrial crane shows the effectiveness of the proposed control approach. A telescopic boom crane is a strictly underactuated system in which three actuators track five motions. The boom luffing and extension cause variations in the shape and structure of cranes. The dynamic reaction between payload and boom through a flexible rope and viscoelastic cylinders induces significant vibrations. Additionally, a crane contains many uncertain parameters, suffers wind disturbances and sometime encounters failure of actuators. On the basis of a complex model with five fully nonlinear differential equations, we construct an intelligent robust control system for such cranes, which integrates the benefits of advanced techniques. Fractional-order control combined with robust control produces a controller holding flexible derivative orders. A multilayer perceptron network provides a learning feature to the cranes, in which an adaptive mechanism estimates one equivalent component represented for individual influences. Simulation for a practical crane shows the effectiveness of the proposed control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new optimization method without establishing and solving mathematical models. • The presented method avoids checkerboard and gray-scale element problems. • The presented method combines load-transfer paths for optimal material distribution. • The presented method resolves the issue of non-smooth boundary. To address the challenge of establishing and solving mathematical models for engineering structural optimization, a new topological optimization method that integrates load-transfer path theory with the engulfment algorithm is presented in this paper. The presented method applies the load-transfer path theory to identify the main load-bearing areas of the structure and utilizes the principle of concentrating more materials in relatively high-stress regions and fewer materials in relatively low-stress regions. An engulfment algorithm is introduced to optimize the material distribution. A comparative analysis between the presented and variable-density methods revealed that the path-engulfment method enhances the structural stiffness and strength while reducing its mass, confirming its precision and efficacy in structural optimization. The path-engulfment method was implemented on a truck crane frame, resulting in an optimized structure with increased stiffness and strength and reduced mass compared to the original design. Furthermore, this method eliminates the need for establishing and solving complex mathematical models while addressing issues related to checkerboards and gray-scale elements. A smooth boundary approach was introduced by leveraging the engulfment algorithm, enabling the direct application of the optimized structure for manufacturing purposes, particularly in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often spoken and written about the use and benefits of BIM in the design, build, and exploitation phases. Based on an extensive analysis of scientific articles and practice, it has been noticed that, however, there is no comprehensive solution for the use of BIM at the stage of preparation for construction. And there is no relevant approach to the organization of construction though various software offers availability to calculate separate processes that are important for the organization of it. For example, based on the BIM model, determine the optimal place for the tower crane. But the problem is that such a local solution does not represent a comprehensive approach and does not represent apprehensive construction planning. It means, currently there is no method of planning, which will answer the questions: whether to choose a tower crane or a truck crane, where is the optimal place for unloading construction materials, considering the location of the crane, etc. Therefore, this article presents the vision and strategy of BIM development at the construction stage. The problem that should be solved now is the creation the strategy that will allow to improve the efficiency of construction works, adjusting them to the current situation in an optimal way. Therefore, the aim of the article is to combine separate ideas of BIM using in construction management as a whole and call scientists to discuss and supplement the topics of using BIM in construction management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Telescopic handler is combined of truck crane and forklift. Equipped with different accessories, the telescopic handler can achieve fork loading, lifting and other operations. Large amount of energy is needed to maintain lifting and lowering in large range with high frequency of the working device of telescopic handler. There is no energy recycling device for the working device that leads to the large dissipating of gravitational potential energy. In order to recycle the wasted energy, a three-chamber hydraulic cylinder boom system (TCCBS) is proposed. In this paper, the recycling principle is described. Then the energy consumption characteristics are analyzed. Further, the mode of TCCBS of telescopic handler is established and analyzed. Compared with the double chamber cylinder boom system (DCCBS), the single-action time of the boom is reduced 4.15 s. The velocity shock decrease from 0.12 m/s to 0.02 m/s at the beginning of the boom lowering process. The peak pressure decreased from 24 MPa to 21 MPa and the average pressure decreased from 17 MPa to 13 MPa during boom lifting process. The potential energy recycling of the working device is 139 kJ, which accounts for about 47.1 % of total potential energy. The cumulative output energy of TCCBS is 311 kJ, which is 92 kJ less than the DCCBS. The comprehensive energy saving efficiency is 22.3 %. The results show that the TCCBS can realize the potential energy recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) systems are widely used for monitoring slopes, especially in quarries and open pits. Unfortunately, the movement of the machinery (cranes, trucks, shovels, and excavators) in the radar field of view often prevents to correctly focus large circular sections of the radar images, producing a characteristic artifact, often named “blurring.” Therefore, the aim of this article is to propose both an acquisition modality and an image processing technique able to mitigate the blurring due to moving clutter. The proposed acquisition modality (named “free-running” or “on-the-fly”) allows to filter out the high-frequency clutter, which is often noticeable in GBSAR images, but it is not effective with low-frequency clutter caused by slow movement of machinery like heavy trucks or large cranes. For this reason, the authors propose even a suitable processing method that can be used in combination with high-frequency sampling. The application of these two methods has been proved to be very effective in realistic quarry scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterbalance valves (CBVs) are widely used in hydraulic machines handling gravitational loads. They are usually adopted in hydraulic circuits that set the flow to the actuator with either metering control strategies or primary control strategies. In these circuits, the CBV does not determine the actuator velocity, but it establishes a proper counterpressure that balances the actuator during overrunning loads. A well-known problem of CBVs is the excessive power consumption introduced into the circuit, which is due to an excessive pressurization of the flow supply. This paper presents a solution for using CBVs to control the actuator velocity while also reducing energy consumption. The method consists in controlling the pilot port of the CBV through an external pressure source (adjustable pilot). The solution is first studied analytically, considering all the possible loading conditions at the actuator. Two different control strategies are presented: the "Smart CBV," where the CBV does not control the actuator velocity but it minimizes the system pressure; and the "Smart System" that uses the CBV to efficiently control the actuator velocity during overrunning load conditions. An experimental validation of the proposed solutions is also provided, taking as reference a truck-mounted hydraulic crane. The results of the proposed solutions are compared to those achieved by the traditional circuit of the reference hydraulic crane which uses standard CBVs. For both cases of smart CBV and smart system, a remarkable power saving, respectively, up to 75% and up to 90% is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates an integrated optimization problem concerning berth allocation, quay crane assignment, and truck deployment in container terminals, with a specific focus on incorporating quay crane maintenance into the integrated models. A nonlinear integer programming model is proposed, and then a number of equivalent or relaxed models are developed to ease the model. To solve the model on large-scale instances, a SWO-GA is developed to provide a solution. Finally, a set of test instances are randomly generated to access the applicability of the proposed models and the efficiency of the algorithm. The results show that the SWO-GA can obtain a good solution with a small gap within a much shorter computation time than that of CPLEX. Quay crane maintenance significantly affects the operation plans and increases costs. The maintenance time step and the number of berths required for quay crane have a proportional impact on the total cost. It is also found that quay crane maintenance is of great concern for large-sized container terminals. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper provide important insights for operation managers. • An integrated berth allocation, quay crane assignment and truck deployment problem with quay crane maintenance is considered. • We establish a nonlinear integer programming model and its equivalent for the studied problem. • We integrate the squeaky wheel optimization with genetic algorithm for good solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]