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The aim:study of the effectiveness of environmentally safe disinfectants against P. aeruginosa and pathogens of the main bacteriosis of poultry at test facilities. Materials and methods.To study the antimicrobial action of the investigated disinfectants against a mixture of epizootic cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, isolated from poultry, bacteriological studies were carried out on test objects: galvanized iron, wooden bars (painted and unpainted), red brick, cutouts from plaster, size 10 × 10 cm. Results.The working solutions of the new disinfectant "Dezsan" were studied in comparison with the control agents: "Virocid" and "Bi-dez" at a concentration of 0.01; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1; 1.5 % in relation to suspension cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium. In this case, it was established, that the "Dezsan" agent showed an antimicrobial effect on rough test objects after exposure for 3 hours at a concentration of 0.1 %, and at a concentration of 0.25 % - for 1 hour. On smooth surfaces, the agent neutralized bacterial cultures at a concentration of 0.1 % after exposure for 1 hour. The preparation "Bi-dez" at a concentration of 0.25 % was effective on smooth surfaces after exposure for 1 hour, on rough surfaces (brick, plaster) - at a concentration of 0.5 % after exposure for 3 hours or more. The working solution of 1 % concentration neutralized bacterial cultures on all types of surfaces after exposure for 1 hour or more. "Virocid" agent after exposure for 1 hour neutralized bacterial cultures on smooth surfaces in concentrations of 0.25 % and higher; on rough surfaces, the growth of cultures was not detected when using a 0.5 % solution. Conclusions.Environmentally safe disinfectants "Dezsan" and "Shumerske sryblo" compared to the control ones ("Bi Dez" and "Virotsid") show an active antimicrobial effect at a concentration of 0.25 % and 3 %, respectively, against the suspension of epizootic cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. typhimurium on different types of production surfaces, which justifies the feasibility of their use based on the principle of rotation of disinfectants for the prevention of bacterial pseudomonosis of poultry

Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium, an intestinal pathogen that can cause intestinal inflammation. Antimicrobial peptides are a class of small molecule peptides, which has good antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria. In this regard, the authors aimed to study the effect of the antimicrobial peptide MPX, which was administered orally, on the intestinal wall of mice infected with the intestinal barrier function, which were infected with E. coli. Synthesis and purification of the antimicrobial peptide MPX (H-INWKGIAAMAKKLL-NH2) was performed by Jier Sheng Hua (Shanghai, China). Mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for this purpose. Escherichia Coli (O157: H7 ATCC43889) was isolated from human faeces in which haemolytic uremic syndrome was reported. Solid LB agar (Solarbio, China) was used to isolate enterohemorrhagic E. coli. The culture was obtained from the Chinese Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (Beijing, China). The results of necropsy found that using of an orally administered MPX could alleviate the damage of E. coli to the liver, spleen, and the lungs were less affected. According to H&E results in case of an orally administered MPX group considerably relieved duodenum and organs on day 7 and day 28. qRT-PCR results showed orally administered MPX could reduce the inflammation-related factors in the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 and TNF-α on day 7 and day 28. In addition, orally administered MPX could significantly increase them RNA expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and Zo-1 on day 7 and day 28. The results of immune histochemistry further showed that an orally administered MPX could increase the mRNA expression of MUC2 in jejunum. The above results showed that orally administered MPX could alleviate the attack of E. coli on the intestinal tract of mice, relieve intestinal inflammation, and improve the intestinal barrier function. This study lays a theoretical foundation for adding antimicrobial peptides to food. In orally administered MPX authors can see reducing the mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors, thereby alleviating the intestinal inflammation caused by E. coli infection in mice. Authors can add that orally administered MPX shows an increase in mRNA expression of tight junction protein in intestines and improves the intestinal barrier function. This study lays the foundation for adding antimicrobial peptides to food to relieve inflammation and improve barrier function in clinical practices

In Ukraine, in today’s conditions, snails, which are widely used for food in a number of European countries, are of increased interest. Over the past few years, this type of shellfish has been intensively harvested for processing and exporting abroad. However, there is not much data on the nutritional properties of snail meat, and there is practically no such information in Ukraine. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition (wet, dry matter, and energy value) of raw and cooked snail meat Helix aspersa maxima, Helix aspersa muller, Helix pomatia and conducting their comparative analysis among themselves with other types of meat. Indicators of nutritional properties were determined according to the following methods. The moisture and fat content was determined according to DSTU ISO 1442:2005; DSTU ISO 1443:2005, respectively. The mass fraction of dry matter, protein, ash, and caloric content of meat was determined by the methods described by P.V. Zhitenko and others. Comparative analysis of snail meat with other animal species was carried out based on literature sources. In the study, the authors found that on average in snails of the following species: Helix aspersa maxima, Helix aspersa muller, Helix pomatia it contains moisture – 72.03±0.29% and dry matter – 27.97±0.29%, of which: protein – 22.83±0.3%, fat – 0.23±0.03%, carbohydrates – 2.07±0.17%. It was determined that the indicators of moisture, dry matter, protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash and energy value in snails of all three species taken in the experiment did not differ significantly from each other. At the same time a sample of boiled snail meat Helix pomatia it has a higher chemical composition compared to the other two types of snails, namely: dry matter (28.5%), protein (23.4%), fat (0.3%) and energy value (103.9 kcal/100 g). Comparing the obtained data on the study of the chemical composition of raw and boiled meat of the same snail species, it was found that boiled meat is 14.2% more energetically valuable than raw, both in kCal/100 g and in kJ/100 g. We consider determining changes in organs at the cellular level, that is, conducting histological studies, taking into account different periods: hibernation, after hibernation and during the active period of their vital activity, to be a promising area of further research

Dairy cow mastitis is one of most seriously diseases affecting dairy herds. The prevention and treatment of this pathology is especially done through antimicrobials, but the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pathogens to this disease may affect the efficiency of conventional drugs. Plant extracts are increasingly being valued by livestock producers because of their wide sources, low toxic and side effects, and high environmental affinity. Thereby, a lot of research has been conducted on the control of dairy cow mastitis by plant-derived drugs in recent years. This review summarizes the current of the plant types, main active ingredients, and the mechanism of action of plant extracts for preventing and treating dairy cow mastitis. Finally, a review was carried out to prospect the future development of plant extracts in the treatment of dairy cow mastitis.

The article provides data on the isolation and identification of the pathogen S. Pullorum from pathological material of chickens. With further study of tinctorial, cultural-morphological and biological properties of the pathogen. The susceptibility of Salmonella pullorum to broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as cephalosporins and carbopenems was further studied to determine the drug of choice for improving treatment and prevention of avian bacterial diseases. In order to diagnose Salmonella pullorum (S. Pullorum) diarrhea accurately and analyze its drug resistance. In this study, the pathogen of a chicken suspected of S. Pullorum was isolation, PCR amplification and drug sensitivity analysis of the pathogen from in chicken farm in Xinxiang, north China. The results showed that the bacteria strain was diagnosed as S. Pullorum base on isolation and identification, Gram staining and biochemical identification of the bacteria. Antibacterial drugs sensitivity test confirmed that the bacteria was sensitive to ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, meropenem and kanamycin, and the effect of sensitive antibiotics was obvious in clinical treatment. Altogether, the present experiment revealed a detailed measure for S. Pullorum prevention and control and that achieved good clinical results, which laid a fundamental information for farmers and veterinary workers on eradication of S. Pullorum.

The mammary gland of the cow is particularly susceptible to infections of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins of these pathogenic bacteria include peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and they are the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce mastitis. Cow mastitis is a detrimental factor in dairy farming industry. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is the main component of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall and the key cytotoxic factor causing inflammation. The aims of our work was to establish inflammatory model of study procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Sumy National Agricultural University, Sumy, Ukraine, and the Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China, and performed in accordance with the animal welfare and ethics guidelines. The BMECs harvested from mid-lactation dairy cow milk were isolated by our laboratory. Briefly, the base medium for this cell is DMEM/F-12 (Gibco, USA, cat.12400-024). The complete growth medium included 10% fetal bovine serum (Biological Industries, Israel, cat.04-011-1A/B), DMEM/F-12, and 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (Sigma, USA, cat. E4127). Cells were maintained at 37℃in an incubator containing 5% CO2. When cells grew to 80% confluency, the cells were rinsed twice with PBS, and then the primary mammary epithelial cells were trypsinized with 0.25% trypsin plus 0.02% EDTA and passaged. In this study, one inflammatory bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) model was established by infecting the cells with LTA. The BMEC viability induced by LTA were evaluated. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were measured by ELISA and RT- qPCR. The results showed that the treatment of BMECs with LTA at 20 ng/μL for 24 h obviously improved TNF-α and IL-6 protein and gene expression levels. The establishment of the model will play an important role in the screening of anti-inflammatory drugs and the study of the mechanism of action in the future.

The article presents the results of the study of irritant and allergenic action of the disinfectant "Sukhodez" in the laboratory. As a result, we can say that the drug Sukhodez has a weak effect on the degree of response to irritation in mice and rabbits. However, the drug in a single treatment of the premises in the maximum allowable concentration of 60 mg / m3 has a moderately irritating effect on the mucous membranes of animals, which allows it to be classified as hazard class 3. The vast majority of powder disinfectants are of foreign origin. Therefore, the study and development of powder disinfectants for bedding in agriculture, in particular in poultry is currently quite relevant. According to the results of our study, there are currently no more than 9 manufacturers of disinfectants in agriculture in Ukraine. At the same time, representatives of disinfectants of foreign origin outnumber this number dozens of times. We studied the toxicity of Sukhodes with long-term oral administration to two groups of white rats selected according to the principle of analogues.We also studied the effect of the drug on the condition of internal organs, which was assessed by comparing their relative mass ratios. The ability of the drug to penetrate the skin was evaluated after the experiment. The clinical picture of animal intoxication and the effect on the central nervous system were taken into account. In addition, the method of "swimming" was used to assess the performance of mice. To do this, recorded the time during which the animal could stay on the surface of the water. We did research on the local irritant effect of "Sukhodez". Determined by the method of skin applications, which allows to detect the development of mice in non-allergic contact dermatitis depending on the dose of the substance used. The study of the toxicity of the drug "Sukhodes" with prolonged oral administration showed that the introduction of the drug at a dose of 2500 mg / kg body weight for 30 days did not affect the clinical condition and behavior of rats. No foreign or negative effects of Sukhodes were recorded throughout the experiment. Animals willingly consumed food and water, were mobile, responded adequately to sound and tactile stimuli.The studies revealed low toxicity of the drug. Based on the research, we concluded that the tool "Sukhodez" does not cause the death of experimental rats and mice and it can be classified as hazard class 4 according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76, or category 5 according to the International Global Classification Global Harmonized System, (GHS).

The results of the study of antimicrobial and fungicidal properties of the experimental preparation “Sukhodez” against microorganisms E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Candida albicans in the laboratory are presented. The aim of the research. To study the antimicrobial and fungicidal properties of powdered disinfectant and analyze the prospects for its further use in a set of anti-epizootic measures in particular in poultry farms. Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2021 at the Department of Veterinary Examination, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Animal Products of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. Evaluation of bactericidal properties of the experimental agent “Sukhodez” was determined on museum strains of E. coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, fungicidal properties were studied on fungi Candida albicans. All cultures were standardized to 109 CFU / cm3. Results. It is established that as a result of the conducted researches at studying preparation “Sukhodez” antimicrobic properties, it had high efficiency concerning action on strains of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It had a detrimental effect on bacteria when applied to concrete at an exposure of 1 hour with a rate of 75 mg per 1 m2, and had the same effect as when applied to a wooden surface, where it expressed antimicrobial action at a rate of 50 mg/m2 after 4 hours. When determining the fungicidal properties, it was found that when exposed to 5 hours, the preparation “Sukhodez” had an effect on study contaminated objects with a rate of 50 mg/m2, and with a rate of 75 mg/m2 inhibited the growth of fungi for 1 hour. Conclusions. It was found that the most sensitive to the preparation “Sukhodez” were the culture of Salmonella enteritidis – at a rate of 25 g / m2 and action on concrete and wooden surfaces, the disinfectant inhibited the growth of the culture when exposed to 5 hours, and at a rate of 50 g / m2 – for 2 years. Staphylococcus aureus was the most stable bacterial culture, so at a rate of 50 g / m2 on concrete and wood surfaces, bacterial growth was inhibited for 4 and 5 hours, respectively. At the same time, in the study of fungicidal properties, “Sukhodez” showed a fungicidal effect on Candida albicans when applied to a concrete surface at a rate of 50 mg / m2 for 3 hours, when applied to a wooden surface – for 4 hours. In general, at a rate of 75 g / m2, “Sukhodez” has an instant bactericidal and fungicidal effect on bacteria and fungi applied to concrete and wooden surfaces

An important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied.

Зажарський Володимир Володимирович https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-2494 Давиденко Павло Олександрович https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-3835 Кулішенко Олег Миколайович https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-2380 Зажарська Надія Миколаївна https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-6440 Боровик Ірина Володимирівна https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-8396

New S-substituted 4-alkyl-5-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives have been designed, synthesized and studied their antimicrobial activity on 11 standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganism strains. Their spectral and physicochemical parameters were established using modern comprehensive methods of analysis, including 1H NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS and elemental analysis.It has been found that compound 2a exhibits strong suppression of 5 test strains (MBC = 15.6 µg/mL). Compound 4a showed moderate inhibition of Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli O2, Salmonella enteritidis strains (MBC = 31.25 µg/mL) Compound 6a was sensitive toward ten tested bacteria at 31.25 µg/mL concentration.

Animal rights in recent years occupy a significant place among the themes of general national discourse in Ukraine. This year, under the pressure of the public in Ukraine, a law according to the humane attitude towards the "younger brothers" was adopted. But which rights do animals have? And what’s really going on? Legislation on animal protection is not executed even at the level where it is. How often do people who cause animal suffering in my country have the appropriate punishment? The report provides an analysis of the preconditions for reforming the attitude towards animals and their rights. The complexity of solving problem of humane attitude towards animals lies in the fact that it can not be regulated just based on the data of scientific experiments. Evaluation of the ability of animals to consciously feel pain, suffer, think, speak, understand themselves and the events around them is a difficult issue for many people. So, what is Animal Law? And what is Animal Ethic? Do we understand and recognize such concepts in my country?