Search

Background/Aim: The updated version of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines was published online in May 2020 in the form of four papers. They are extensively used in dental trauma education in textbooks, undergraduate and postgraduate programs, and clinical workshops. Hence, this study aimed to assess the impact, global scientific reach, and utilization of these guidelines through altmetric and citation analysis. Material and Methods: The protocol was prepared after an expert group discussion. Dimensions database was used to derive the altmetric and citation data on April 10th, 2023. The data was extracted by using a self‐designed pre‐piloted form by two authors independently. The citing articles were further categorized into the type of study and the domains and subdomains of dental traumatology. The VOSviewer program was utilized to explore the correlation between the subdomains and the overlap of citations was assessed by creating a citation matrix. Results: A total of 552 citations had been collectively received by the four papers. The highest was seen for the guidelines for fracture and luxation in permanent teeth (FL), avulsion in permanent teeth (AV), general introduction (GI), and primary teeth (PT). Dental Traumatology had the maximum number of citing papers for each guideline. They were from 52 countries with English being the commonest language. Overall, the maximum number of citations had been received in narrative reviews (n = 104) and the majority of cited papers were categorized in the therapeutic domains. The most common subdomain for the papers that cited GI, FL, and AV was "treatment protocols in permanent teeth", while it was "awareness of prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries" for the papers that had cited PT. Conclusions: This analysis highlighted that the IADT 2020 guidelines are globally popular resources, which are widely used by the researchers across specialities and are intended towards clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane‐handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre‐defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self‐harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The recommended treatment for uncomplicated crown fractures is bonding the fractured fragment or the fragment reattachment. A paucity was identified regarding the studies comparing the efficacy of micro‐hybrid and nanohybrid composites in fragment reattachment. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare three materials for bonding of fragments rehydrated by humidification in teeth with uncomplicated crown fractures. Material and Methods: Eighty mandibular bovine incisors with similar dimensions and free of any structural deformities were fractured similar to the technique followed in previous studies. Fracture was simulated, fragments, and stumps were coded, stumps were stored in artificial saliva and the fragments were dehydrated at room temperature and pressure. They were randomly assigned to Group‐1 (no rehydration), Group‐2 (rehydrated and bonded by flowable nanohybrid composite—3M Filtek Supreme Syringe Flowable Composite Resin—A2, Sao Paulo, Brazil), Group‐3 (rehydrated and bonded by flowable micro‐hybrid composite‐ Ruby Flow, InciDental, England, United Kingdom), and Group‐4 (rehydrated and bonded by light‐cured Glass‐Ionomer‐Cement—Voco Ionoseal, Cuxhaven, Germany). The samples were subjected to a universal testing machine to evaluate the force required to fracture the bonded fragments. Results: The highest median value of the force required to fracture was recorded for Group 2 (208.4 N) followed by Group 3 (195.2). The force required to fracture the bonded fragments was lowest in Group 4 (67.2 N) which was lower than the negative control (131.4 N). The differences between the observations in Groups 2 and 3 were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The nano and micro‐hybrid composites showed greater force required to fracture than fragments bonded by LC‐GIC. Dehydrated fragments bonded using nanocomposites performed better than rehydrated fragments bonded by using LC‐GIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is vital for understanding dental traumatology (DT) biomechanics, aiding diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction. This review explores FEA applications in DT research, evaluates their quality and outcomes, and assesses methodological aspects. Accordingly, recommendations for future researchers are provided. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and registered in Open Science framework. A comprehensive search using relevant text‐words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed all Finite element analysis (FEA)‐based Dental traumatology (DT) studies without language or publication year restrictions. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of bias tool for the use of finite element analysis in dentistry (ROBFEAD) tool. Forty‐six studies published from 2001 to 2023 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were categorized into five domains and six subdomains based on objectives. Maxillary central incisors and surrounding structures were commonly modelled (n = 27). Most studies utilized Computed tomography (CT), Cone Beam CT, or micro CT. Traumatic injury forces ranged from 100 N to 2000 N, and occlusal forces ranged from 150 N to 350 N. All studies were rated as high risk of bias. Fory‐six studies were categorized, with most focusing on stress distribution and fracture patterns in dento‐alveolar structures under various conditions, while few assessed displacements. Methodological quality lacked robustness in model development and substructure properties. Future studies should address these limitations and enhance reporting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Management of cleft lip and palate is interdisciplinary. An evidence-mapping approach was envisaged to highlight the existing gaps in this field, using only the highest level of evidence. Objectives: To conduct evidence mapping and quality analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to any aspect of cleft lip and palate. Search Methods: The cleft lip and palate field was divided into 9 domains and 50 subdomains and a method of categorization of systematic reviews was established. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out in seven databases along with the search of gray literature and references of included articles. Selection criteria: Systematic reviews related to any aspect of cleft lip and palate, conducted by a minimum of two reviewers, with a comprehensive search strategy and adequate quality analysis were included. Data collection and analysis: A self-designed, pre-piloted data-extraction sheet was used to collect information that was analyzed through an expert group discussion. Quality analysis was performed using ROBIS-I, AMSTAR 2, and the PRISMA checklist. Results: A total of 144 systematic reviews published between 2008 and 2022 were included. The largest number of these could be categorized in the therapeutic domain (n = 58). A total of 27% of the studies were categorized as inconclusive, 40% as partially conclusive, and 33% as conclusive. As per ROBIS-I, 77% of reviews had high risk of bias while 58% were graded as critically low in quality as per AMSTAR 2. The majority of systematic reviews showed low reporting errors. Conclusions: The majority of systematic reviews related to cleft lip and palate relate to therapeutic and prognostic domains and show high risk of bias and critically low quality regardless of the source journal. The results of this paper might serve as a starting point encouraging authors to carry out high-quality research where evidence is lacking. Registration: A multidisciplinary expert-group formulated an a priori protocol, registered in Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NQDV2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) and external replacement root resorption (ERRR) are the most common adverse outcomes after luxation injuries or dental injuries. They are usually detected radiographically after considerable progression. It can be envisaged that evaluation of inflammatory mediators might serve as an objective and reliable method of predicting the risk of resorption. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence regarding the risk of resorption and to provide future research directions. Methods: An a priori protocol was prepared by a multidisciplinary expert group, as per the Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines. The systematic search was conducted in six databases and grey‐literature sources. Scrutiny of titles and abstracts, and later full‐text articles was performed, and data were extracted. Risk of bias analysis was done by using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross‐sectional and cohort studies. Results: Eight studies were included in the systematic review and could be categorized as per the source of biomarkers, namely epithelial cells from mucosa, gingival crevicular fluid and extracted teeth. The studies utilizing epithelial cells had been conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Brazil and did not find any correlation with EIRR. Two of the studies with extracted teeth found differences in the immunologic profiles of teeth with resorption. Three studies evaluating gingival crevicular fluid found increased levels of dentine sialoprotein and Interleukin‐1‐α. Conclusion: Among the three sources, the inflammatory gingival crevicular fluid appeared to be the most non‐invasive source of biomarkers for predicting trauma‐induced root resorption, although the evidence about this came from two studies with moderate and one study with high risk of bias. The primary studies in this systematic review showed variability in terms of the sample sizes, age of the patients, the grading/classification of trauma‐induced resorption and the evaluation methods which must be addressed by future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fragment reattachment is the recommended treatment modality in uncomplicated crown fractures. There is a paucity of literature regarding the mechanisms responsible for increased resistance to fracture after fragment rehydration in such cases. Hence, the aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to decipher the microscopic changes in the penetration characteristics of resin in tooth fragments after different rehydration protocols. Material and Methods: Sixty bovine incisors free of structural deformities were fractured as per a standard protocol and the fragments were stored in saline at 4°C. They were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20)—Group 1: negative‐control, no‐rehydration, Group 2: rehydration by immersion in distilled water for 15 min, Group 3: rehydration by humidification for 15 min. They were subjected to the "experimental bonding protocol" using an eighth‐generation bonding agent mixed with rhodamine‐B dye. The samples were subjected to decalcification and sectioned into cubical blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm3). They were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned by an ultramicrotome and evaluated by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The depths and width of the resin tags were assessed by image analysis software, and the number of tags was counted manually by blinded evaluators. Statistical analysis was done with Stata‐14. Results: The depth of penetration of the resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (927.81 ± 280.38 μm) followed by Group 3 (902.03 ± 371.85 μm) and Group 1 (287.74 ± 124.80 μm). Similarly, the width of the penetrated resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (58.29 ± 21.15), followed by Group 3 (35.53 ± 22.15) and Group 1 (23.89 ± 6.88). The number of resin tags in the majority of the samples in Group 1 had less than 25 tags (65%), whereas there were more than 25 tags in Group 2 (70%) and Group 3 (75%). These differences were statistically significant (p <.05). Conclusion: The resin penetration, as observed by the number of tags and their depth and width, was significantly affected by the rehydration of the fragments. The fragments rehydrated in the distilled water had greater penetration of resin tags than those rehydrated in a humidification chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increased number of questionnaire-based knowledge, attitude, practice and other types of studies, there is a need to perform evidence-based research in such designs as well. The systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) of the questionnaire-based studies are difficult to conduct and summarise due to the wide variations in the questions included in each of them. The presentation of these reviews often leads to ambiguous conclusions, and meta-analysis is not possible due to wide heterogeneity. This paper aims to highlight a method known as the 'Knowledge-Attitude-Practice' or 'KAP' Heat Map, which was developed and validated for the effective presentation of the outcomes of varied questionnaires in systematic reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of orthodontic treatment in preventing traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The article highlights that certain malocclusions, such as increased overjet and lip incompetence, can increase the risk of TDI, particularly in young boys and girls. Early orthodontic intervention through the use of braces or removable appliances can help reposition the teeth and reduce the likelihood of dental injuries. Scientific reviews support the effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment in reducing the incidence of dental trauma. However, other factors should also be considered when deciding whether to initiate orthodontic treatment at a young age. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the role of dental professionals in the prevention and management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The primary prevention of TDIs involves educating individuals participating in sports or other activities at risk of injury, as well as parents, coaches, and administrators. Dentists can provide preventive care by recognizing risks, offering guidance on protective devices, and providing education through various channels. Secondary prevention relies on dental professionals being knowledgeable about the latest guidelines for TDI management and being available for consultations. The article also highlights the unique challenges of managing trauma in children under 6 years old and emphasizes the importance of instilling a positive attitude in injured children. [Extracted from the article]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of the protocols used for the management of dental trauma (DT) in the eighteenth and early nineteenth‐century is largely unknown. The end of World War II saw a tremendous resurgence of high quality research and the development of codes of ethics and publishing. The aim of this scoping review was to analyse articles related to aspects of DT published before 1945 in the English language. An expert group discussion was done to create an a priori protocol based on the PRISMA‐2020‐guidelines' extension for scoping reviews. A systematic search strategy based upon the Population (P), Exposure (E), Comparator (C), Outcome (O) and Time (T) was performed in five databases on 10 February 2022. Filters were used to identify the literature until 1945, and duplicates were removed. The scrutiny of the titles and abstracts and later the full texts was performed as per the pre‐defined eligibility criteria. The grey literature and archives of the English language dentistry literature were searched, and a reference search was also performed. A total of 13 studies were selected from the databases and 20 from the reference searching. The first reported article was from the year 1872. Two other case reports had been published by 1899 and three more before World War I (1914). The majority of the studies originated from the United States of America. Nineteen were case reports, five were original research articles, two were classifications and guidelines papers, and one was a review. During the period before 1945, 33 articles were published regarding DT. The articles were mostly related to the description of cases, although there were a few original research papers. A significant observation, contrary to popular belief, was the presence of articles related to conservative management of injuries to tooth roots and the dental pulp. A progression in terms of the quality of protocols over time was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: A crown‐root fracture is a fracture of both the crown and the root of a tooth. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (2020) guidelines recommended fragment reattachment and stabilization of loose fragments as an immediate management protocol for uncomplicated crown‐root fractures. However, the lack of evidence and unpredictability make it a less popular treatment option. The aim of this study was to compare three protocols of fragment reattachment for the management of teeth with crown‐root fractures. Methodology: Eighty mandibular bovine incisors with similar dimensions and no structural deformities were selected and randomized into four groups: Group I (Control/sound teeth); Group II (no rehydration); Group III (rehydration in distilled water for 15 min) and Group IV (rehydration in a humidification chamber for 15 min). A fracture was simulated to extend from the labial side of the middle‐third of the crown to the palatal side of the cervical‐third of the root. Fragments were exposed to the environment under normal temperature and pressure. Fragments were later reattached as per the standard protocol following the rehydration as specified for each group. Samples were subjected to thermocycling, and the force required to fracture them was evaluated by using a universal testing machine. Results: The highest mean force required to fracture was seen in Group IV (208.27 ± 75.99 N) followed by Group III (182.01 ± 90.13 N) and Group II (158.85 ± 68.04 N). These differences were statistically significant. Comparison of the mean difference of force required to fracture between pairs of groups revealed statistically significant mean differences only between the controls and each experimental group. Conclusion: The force required to fracture the reattached fragments in teeth with crown‐root fractures was affected by rehydration of the fragments. The force was higher in fragments reattached after rehydration, and the highest force was required in the teeth that had been rehydrated in a humidification chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The journal Dental Traumatology (DT) is one of the best resources in the field of dental traumatology. It has always encouraged publication of case reports of good quality. The CARE statement (2011) was developed for uniform and transparent reporting of cases in medical sciences. Since case reports are inseparable from the DT literature, the aim of this bibliometric‐analysis was to evaluate the case reports published in the DT in the last two decades (2001–2021) and assess their compliance regarding CARE guidelines for elucidating the trends in DT and the reporting quality of these papers. Methodology: Two authors independently observed the tables of contents in all issues of DT from 2002–2021 and identified case reports. Selected articles were scrutinized to determine their eligibility. Data extraction was performed, case reports were segregated into domains, and their CARE compliance was evaluated by using a self‐designed‐validated method. Differences between the case reports published in two decades (2002–2011 and 2012–2021) were analysed with the Chi‐square test. Results: A total of 1612 articles published between February 2002 and October 2021 were scrutinized to identify 357 case reports with 277 from the period of 2002–2011 and 80 between 2012 and 2021. The highest number of case reports originated from Asia (2002–2011:135, 2012–2021:28). The CARE compliances of the majority of reports in the decade of 2002–2011 were between 75 and 85% (good) while the CARE compliances of the majority of reports from 2012–2021 were between 85 and 95% (very good) or >95% (excellent). These differences were statistically significant (p <.005). Conclusions: The number of case reports published in the decade of 2002–2011 were more than three times the number of case reports published in the decade of 2012–2021. The highest number of reports in both decades were from Asia and belonged to the therapeutic and prognostic domains. The CARE compliances of the reports in the decade of 2012–2021 were better than those from 2002–2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crown fractures restored by fragment reattachment are liable to re‐fracture, which may cause fragment dislodgement. There is a paucity of literature regarding management of fragment reattachment cases following a further fracture. Hence the aim of the present in‐vitro study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three different management protocols for such scenarios. Methodology: Eighty maxillary bovine incisors without structural deformity and with similar dimensions were fractured as per the standard protocol. They were subjected to drying for 24 hours and the fragments were rehydrated by placing them in a humidification chamber for 15 minutes. They were then reattached by using flowable light‐cured composite resin. The teeth (n=20) were fractured again by fixing them in a mechanical frame and using a mallet. They were randomly allocated to three experimental groups. (Group I mechanical abrasion and fragment reattachment, Group II mechanical abrasion, humidification and reattachment, Group III mechanical abrasion and composite restoration, and Group IV positive control with no re‐fracture). The samples were thermocycled and the force required to fracture was tested by using a universal testing machine (Instron‐3360, USA). This was done by applying a tangential load with a speed of 1 mm/min to the teeth with a 500‐kg load cell. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA and the independent t‐test. Results: The highest force required to fracture was reported in Group IV (333.26 ± 66.69N) while the lowest was in Group II (254.86 ± 105.23N). The forces in Group I and Group II were 258.36 ± 65.78N and 298.02 ± 97.94N, respectively (p=0.016, F=3.68). The independent t‐test between the groups revealed a significant difference between Group I and Group IV (p= 0.001) and Group II and Group IV (p=0.009). Conclusion: The force required to fracture was significantly lower in the groups involving attachment of the re‐fractured fragments. Among the experimental groups, the group with composite restoration required the highest force to fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This Systematic Review was conducted to evaluate the global status of the knowledge of prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among non-dental healthcare professionals (NDHCP).Methods: The protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020192381). A broad-based search using text-words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a predefined strategy without any distinction of language and year of publication. Studies without details of the questionnaire, knowledge score, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed and risk of bias assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool and a meta-analysis was performed.Results: The qualitative synthesis included 14 studies between 2009-2020 with nine of them from Asia. Majority of the studies had low risk of bias and reported poor overall level of knowledge. Less than 40% of the NDHCP had received a dental trauma first aid training in six of the 10 studies and majority of the participants (>50%) believed that dental trauma training was required in five studies. Less than 36% of the participants were adequately aware of the correct approach towards management of avulsed permanent tooth in five studies.Conclusion: The knowledge of non-dental health care professionals regarding the emergency management of traumatic dental injuries was insufficient or low in the majority of studies and the knowledge about prevention was not evaluated. There was a paucity of studies from the countries of Europe and Australia, with wide variability in the study methods, categories of the participants and questionnaire characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical photographic documentation is recommended as part of the standardized clinical evaluation of traumatized patients according to the most current International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), published in 2020. The use of current technology such as mobile smartphones and the emergence of teledentistry for direct communication between dentists and with patients have increased the need to improve the knowledge and skills for contemporary clinical photographic documentation procedures at the dental office as well as at the accident site. The purpose of this review is to include findings from the available literature and discuss modern techniques, contemporary equipment, accessories and developments that can be used by both patients and dental professionals for proper clinical documentation after TDIs. Emphasis is given on the positioning and patient management based on the type and severity of the injury, and the selection of the appropriate technique. Moreover, the number and type of clinical photographs for each dental trauma scenario, the suggested timeline for optimal photographic documentation as well as legal considerations involved are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Sports‐related dental injuries can cause pain, disfigurement, and broken teeth which may affect the athlete's well‐being and psychological status. Such injuries may also lead to the fear of re‐injury and other problems. Since a delay in adequate emergency treatment can have adverse effects, it is imperative that athletes and coaches have sufficient awareness of emergency treatment options. Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the global status of knowledge among athletes and coaches regarding the prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries. Methods: The protocol was designed using the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020184956). A broad‐based search using text words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases according to a predefined strategy without any distinction of language and year of publication. Studies without details of the questionnaire, knowledge score, validity, and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed and risk‐of‐bias assessment was done by means of the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Results: Nine studies published between 2005 and 2020 were included for qualitative synthesis. They were primarily from Asia with none from North America and Australia. Most of them were cross‐sectional, used convenience sampling, and were interview‐based. Less than 10% of the participants in two studies had adequate knowledge of the immediate emergency management of tooth avulsion, while only 2.4% of basketball players and coaches knew that it was necessary to collect the avulsed tooth or broken tooth fragments. The overall level of knowledge was reported as poor or insufficient in all studies, with moderate or high risk‐of‐bias in six studies. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding emergency management of TDI was found to be low globally. Along with the choice of the sport, there was a high level of variability in the study design and sampling characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental professionals are the primary care providers for traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The dental traumatology literature has a number of studies evaluating the knowledge of dental professionals from different parts of the world but its global status is unknown. Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the global status of knowledge for the prevention and emergency management of TDI in dental professionals and to provide recommendations for future research. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed as per the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020192381). A broad‐based search using text words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a pre‐defined strategy without any distinction of language and year of publication. Studies without details of the questionnaire, knowledge score, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed, risk of bias assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed. Results: Sixteen studies, which had been published between 2008 and 2020, were included for qualitative synthesis. Most of them were cross‐sectional, used convenience sampling and evaluated knowledge for avulsion. Previous dental trauma training was undertaken by <50% of the participants of five studies, <50% knew about the correct approach in management of complicated crown fractures in three studies and ≤60% in four studies knew the critical time for replantation. There was insufficient level of knowledge in >50% of the included studies. High risk of bias was found in three studies. Conclusion: The knowledge level in several areas of the world was unknown. The studies lacked uniformity in methods and well‐designed questionnaires and they revealed insufficient levels of knowledge among dental professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Evidence mapping of systematic reviews (SRs) systematically and comprehensively identifies, organizes, and summarizes the distribution of scientific evidence in a field. The aims of this study were to delineate domains in dental traumatology (DT), evaluate the existing SRs within the domains, and identify the paucity of evidence for future research.Methods: Domains and sub-domains of DT were established according to the methods of qualitative research. The protocol for evidence mapping was prepared as per the guidelines of GEM and PRISMA. The search strategy was formulated using words and MeSH terms in eight databases without restriction of languages and year of publication. Gray literature, protocol registries, and references of selected articles were also searched. Duplicates were removed, and the final selection of SRs was completed. Data extraction and quality analysis using the ROBIS tool and the PRISMA checklist were performed.Results: The overall search resulted in 64 SRs from 1999 to 2020 with 44 published in last six years. The highest number of SRs had been performed in the Prognostic domain (n = 19) followed by the domains of Epidemiology (n = 15), Therapeutics (n = 10), Oral Biology (n = 7), Diagnostics (n = 6), Preventive (n = 5), and Research Methods (n = 2). Within each domain, there were variabilities in the number of reviewers, a priori protocols, search limitations, risk of bias methods, and meta-analysis. Of the SRs, including 4 Cochrane reviews, 28.4% were inconclusive. A low risk of bias was found in 48.4% of the SRs. Among the registered and ongoing SRs, six were from the domain of epidemiology, two in the domain of therapeutics, five from prognostics, and one each in the domains of prevention and research methods.Conclusion: The SRs in DT could be mapped in seven domains with variabilities in the methods. The majority had an a priori registered protocol and a low risk of reporting errors. Within the Epidemiology and Preventive domains, SRs were present in all the sub-domains with the majority demonstrating low-risk of bias (ROB). The domain of prognosis had SRs in most sub-domains but with a high ROB. Insufficient numbers of SRs were present in most sub-domains of the Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Research Methods and Oral Biology domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The majority of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in childhood and adolescence occur in schools. Since school teachers are often the first responders, their knowledge about the emergency management of TDI needs to be adequate. The aim of this systematic review was to assess and analyse the global status of this knowledge as reported in previous studies and to provide recommendations for future research. Methods: The protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. A broad‐based search using text‐words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a predefined strategy. Cohort‐studies, cross‐sectional, case‐control studies and randomized/non‐randomized trials without any distinction of language and year of publication were included while those without details of sampling strategy, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed, risk of bias assessment was done by the Joanna‐Briggs‐Institute's critical appraisal checklist and meta‐analysis was performed for four question stems using a random effects model. Results: Twenty‐three studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies had been conducted in Asia from 2009 to 2019. Ten studies used case‐based questionnaires, mostly adapted from previous studies. Moderate to high risk of bias was observed in 14 studies. Less than 50% of teachers had witnessed a TDI in 8 studies and >75% desired to know more about TDI management in most studies. Less than 50% of teachers in 5 out of 6 studies knew about immediate replantation of avulsed permanent teeth, <25% knew about storage of an avulsed tooth in 16 studies and <50% knew about cleaning of a dirty avulsed tooth in 8 studies. Meta‐analysis revealed I2 values of >95% with 17% of teachers having previous dental‐trauma first‐aid training and 38% knowing about replantation within 30 minutes. Conclusion: The awareness level in several areas of the world is unknown. Studies lacked well‐designed questionnaires and teachers exhibited low self‐belief and knowledge level in the majority of studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Uncomplicated crown fracture is the most common traumatic dental injury. The International Association of Dental Traumatology has recommended fragment reattachment as the best method for restoring uncomplicated crown fractures of permanent teeth. Dehydration can affect fracture resistance after reattachment. However, a standard protocol for rehydration is still lacking. Hence, the aim of this study was to design a humidification chamber and assess its efficacy for improving the rehydration of tooth fragments and increasing fracture resistance after reattachment. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular bovine incisors with similar dimensions and free of any structural deformities were fractured and randomized into five groups: Group I, Control Group (sound teeth); Group II (dehydrated for 24 hours); Group III (rehydrated in distilled water for 15 minutes); Group IV (rehydrated in a humidification chamber for 15 minutes); and Group V (restored with composite). A humidification chamber was designed and used for rehydration for 15 minutes in Group IV. Fragments in Group III were immersed in distilled water for 15 minutes. Reattachment procedures and materials remained the same in all groups. Fracture resistance was tested in a universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was done by Stata‐14. Results: The Control Group with sound teeth (Group I) exhibited a maximum value of 282 ± 10.32 N, while Group II (fragment reattached without rehydration) had the least fracture resistance, 49.75 ± 5.2 N. Rehydration by means of the humidification chamber protocol (Group IV) resulted in significantly higher fracture resistance (150.54 ± 6.49 N) than in Group III (rehydration by means of immersion). Conclusions: Fracture resistance after fragment reattachment was significantly affected by the rehydration of fragments for 15 minutes in the humidification chamber. Fragment reattachment after rehydration showed better fracture resistance than the composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tongue is a muscular organ with a rich blood supply and acts as an immune defence mechanism. The occurrence of a tongue abscess without immune deficiency is rare. The purpose of this report is to present the case of an eight-year-old boy with a spherical, pinkish-yellow, fluctuant, nontender swelling measuring two cm in diameter on the right anterolateral border of the tongue, causing difficulty in swallowing and speaking. Ultrasonography was performed, followed by a 940-nm diode laser-assisted incision and drainage under local anesthesia. Healing was uneventful, with no recurrence for two years now. A tongue abscess can be life-threatening due to its ability to cause respiratory obstruction. The diode laser can be a safe and effective tool for its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims Material and Methods Results Conclusion The recommendations for splinting are well established for the injuries of permanent dentition; however, ambiguity still exists for the injuries in primary dentition. Hence, this study aimed to determine the most appropriate dimensions of stainless steel wire and its extent, for achieving the physiologic mobility in primary dentition.This study was designed as an in vitro experiment by using a typodont model of primary dentition. The baseline mobility of primary maxillary incisors was calibrated to the physiologic mobility of natural primary incisors by using a Teflon tape wrapped around the roots of resin teeth. Splinting was done using a stainless steel wire of 0.2 mm (Group I), 0.3 mm (Group II), and 0.4 mm (Group III). These groups were subdivided (a, b, and c) on the basis of the extent of the splint, and pre splint mobility (Pre‐PV) and post‐splint mobility (Post‐PV) were tested by Periotest M. The splint effect was calculated by subtracting Post‐PVs and Pre‐PVs.The normal values of mobility in healthy human volunteers ranged from 10.5 to 13. The overall splint effect was higher in Group III irrespective of the extent of the splint, whereas it was found to be the lowest in Group I (b and c). The splint effect increased with the extent of the splint in all the groups. Among all the groups, the splint effect on the anchor teeth was observed to increase with the extent of the splint and the diameter of the wire.The mobility of the injured and anchor teeth splinted with 0.2‐mm stainless steel wire was similar to the pre‐splint and physiologic mobility. The most favorable extension was one tooth adjacent to the injured tooth on each side for both 0.2‐ and 0.3‐mm wires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) have emerged as a significant global public health concern. One major problem which is developing and yet unreported is the incidence of traumatic dental injuries and soft tissue facial trauma due to the inadvertent falling of smartphones on to the face during their use in rest time. This is related to the weight of the smartphones and their excessive use in all parts of the world. This paper aims to highlight this phenomenon as an emerging aetiological factor for dental and facial injuries in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Traumatic dental injuries of the primary dentition (TDI-p) have a global prevalence of approximately 11%-47%. They have immediate and long-term effects. Original research analysing the long-term sequelae of TDI-p on permanent dentition (LSP) are few in number. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between age of TDI-p, type of TDI-p and LSP.Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient data from 2008-2017, reporting with LSP due to TDI-p, was performed. Uniform protocols and complete radiographic-photographic records were analysed. There were 638 LSP reported with 596 teeth having complete records.Results: There were 286 children with 153 males (53.5%) and 133 females (46.5%). Mean age of TDI-p causing LSP was 36.57 ± 11.51 months, with severity increasing in the younger age group. The highest number of LSP was associated with avulsion injuries (218, 36.58%), and the odds ratio of the type of TDI-p affect the severity of LSP was 2.0163. Mean age of reporting was 8.54 ± 2.19 years and was lowest for enamel discolorations. Most LSP were not associated with any associated feature (AF), although impaction was highest among all AF (63, 10.57%).Conclusion: Age and type of TDI-p affect LSP, with the former being the stronger determinant of its severity. Mean age of reporting of LSP is dependent upon both type of LSP and AF. LSP due to TDI-p can further be graded in terms of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the administration of high or low concentrations of NaF has various functions in different tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of the different effects of NaF will help to optimize its use in clinical applications. Studies of NaF and epithelial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and periodontal cells have suggested the significant roles of fluoride treatment. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the biphasic functions of NaF that are related to both soft and hard periodontal tissues, multiple diseases, and clinical dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpus alienum or foreign body on hard palate is a rare presentation and often associated with a scare secondary to misdiagnosis. The potential dangers of respiratory obstruction, mucosal tear, nasopharyngeal inflammation and gastro-intestinal bleeding make these non-invasive foreign bodies, life threatening. A case report of a three year old girl with a 2.5 cm × 2 cm plastic sticker lodged on hard palate for four months and misdiagnosed as salivary gland tumor has been reported along with a literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term 'double tooth' is used to describe two developmental dental anomalies of shape: gemination and fusion. Traumatic episodes involving a fused or geminated primary tooth are rare. This report describes an unusual case of crown root fracture in a primary double tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traumatic injury to primary teeth has been associated with diverse consequences in permanent dentition. The root abnormalities in permanent teeth are relatively rare. An unusual and rare case of sequelae to primary tooth trauma has been presented here. The complexity of the impact which occurred at the age of 4 years and 8 months resulted in root hypoplasia in 11, 21, root duplication in 12 and avulsion of 22 tooth bud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate the efficacy of modified coronally advanced flap (mCAF) on clinical and patient-reported outcomes in the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (MAGRs). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-series and prospective clinical studies on treatment of Miller class I/II or RT1 MAGRs with ≥ 6 months follow-up were identified from the electronic databases and hand-searched journals. Complete root coverage (CRC) was the primary outcome variable. To evaluate treatment effects, meta-analysis was conducted, wherever appropriate. A total of 1395 recessions in 408 patients were evaluated in SR and meta-analysis was performed for four RCTs. Overall CRC achieved with mCAF was 70% and mean root coverage (MRC) ranged from 51.58 to 97.27%. Meta-analysis showed that combination of mCAF with connective tissue graft (CTG) or collagen matrix (CM) demonstrated significantly higher CRC% and recession reduction than mCAF alone. Limited evidence is available to support the use of platelet rich fibrin or enamel matrix derivative or acellular dermal matrix graft along with mCAF to further enhance its efficacy. mCAF is an effective procedure for treating MAGRs and in terms of achieving CRC and MRC. Additional use of CTG or CM further enhances treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Uncomplicated crown fracture is the most common traumatic dental injury. The International Association of Dental Traumatology has recommended fragment reattachment as the best method for restoring uncomplicated crown fractures of permanent teeth. Dehydration can affect fracture resistance after reattachment. However, a standard protocol for rehydration is still lacking. Hence, the aim of this study was to design a humidification chamber and assess its efficacy for improving the rehydration of tooth fragments and increasing fracture resistance after reattachment.Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular bovine incisors with similar dimensions and free of any structural deformities were fractured and randomized into five groups: Group I, Control Group (sound teeth); Group II (dehydrated for 24 hours); Group III (rehydrated in distilled water for 15 minutes); Group IV (rehydrated in a humidification chamber for 15 minutes); and Group V (restored with composite). A humidification chamber was designed and used for rehydration for 15 minutes in Group IV. Fragments in Group III were immersed in distilled water for 15 minutes. Reattachment procedures and materials remained the same in all groups. Fracture resistance was tested in a universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was done by Stata-14.Results: The Control Group with sound teeth (Group I) exhibited a maximum value of 282 ± 10.32 N, while Group II (fragment reattached without rehydration) had the least fracture resistance, 49.75 ± 5.2 N. Rehydration by means of the humidification chamber protocol (Group IV) resulted in significantly higher fracture resistance (150.54 ± 6.49 N) than in Group III (rehydration by means of immersion).Conclusions: Fracture resistance after fragment reattachment was significantly affected by the rehydration of fragments for 15 minutes in the humidification chamber. Fragment reattachment after rehydration showed better fracture resistance than the composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a systematic review of studies that used FEA in dental sciences, but no adequate risk of bias (RoB) analysis technique has been developed. Therefore, the development and validation process of RoB in studies using the finite element analysis in dentistry (ROBFEAD) tool is described. In the first phase of development, the scope of the tool and possible modifications were covered, and validation was done in the second phase. The developed tool comprised 6 domains and a total of 22 guiding questions in these domains. This article proposes the development and validation of ROBFEAD, a tool for measuring RoB in finite element research in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health mobile application on the oral health knowledge, behavior, and practices (KBP) of child-parent dyads. Methods: This was a pre-post, single-arm, hospital-based pilot study. Fifty-two dyads were assessed for KBP using a selfstructured questionnaire. The oral hygiene of children was evaluated using the plaque index (PI). The Healthy-Smile Swasth-Muskaan mobile application was installed on the phones of participants, and they were encouraged to use the application regularly. After one month of the app instalation, post-KBP and PI were assessed. Results: A significant improvement was seen in the parents' total knowledge, behavior, and oral hygiene practices of the children (P<0.001). A significant reduction was observed in the mean plaque scores of the children (P<0.001). Conclusions: The Healthy-Smile Swasth-Muskaan mobile app is associated with improved oral health knowledge and behavior of the child-parent dyads and improved oral hygiene of children. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the impact of mobile apps on the oral health knowledge, behavior, and practices of parents and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of gingival recession (GR) in the general population. Materials and Methods: Population‐based observational studies reporting the prevalence of GR and published from 1991 to 2021 were identified from five electronic databases and manual searches. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. The pooled prevalence of GR was calculated by using a random‐effect model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the overall certainty of evidence. Results: A total of 15 studies involving 37,460 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence was 78.16% at the minimal reported threshold values and 84.92% at ≥1 mm "cut‐off" with high heterogeneity among studies. A separate analysis for the buccal GR revealed a pooled prevalence of 75.42%. The risk of bias was found to be high for 10 and low for 5 studies. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low. Conclusion: More than two‐thirds of the population worldwide was found to be affected by GR. Studies with standard case definition and less heterogeneity are required to accurately estimate the prevalence of GR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the characteristics of dental hard and soft tissue structures of prematurely erupted teeth in newborns. Methods: Extracted natal and neonatal teeth were assessed in ground sections for evaluation of enamel, dentin, dentino-enamel junction and cementoenamel junction. Soft tissue harvested was histologically analyzed for cellularity, vascularity and other characteristics of the dental pulp. Results: This study included 15 teeth from nine neonates, of which seven erupted at birth, eight erupted within the first month of birth. All erupted in the mandibular anterior region. The demineralized ground section revealed enamel cracks, a straight dentinoenamel junction, and S-shaped dentinal tubules along with the enamel lamellae, and enamel spindle. None of the samples showed enamel tuft or cementum. Histology of soft tissue revealed enhanced cellularity, vascularity without any fibrosis, calcification and inflammation when compared with the young healthy pulp in permanent teeth. Conclusion: The prematurely erupted teeth in newborns were almost exclusively rootless and exhibited the characteristic anatomical findings pertaining to enamel, dentin, dentinoenamel junction and cementoenamel junction. The histology of their dental pulp was characterized by increased cellularity and vascularity compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of applying silver diamine fluoride (SDF) followed by a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) on the microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of composite resin to the natural carious dentin of primary molars. Methods: Sixty-nine extracted carious primary molars were randomly allocated to one of the three groups, where the prepared affected dentin was treated with: (1) group A-SDF/SSKI; (2) group B-SDF alone; and (3) group C-deionized water. After restoration with composite resin restorative material, specimens were prepared and tested for µTBS in the universal testing machine. Median bond strengths were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The median (range) values of µTBS in groups A, B, and C were 16.99 (6.55 to 95.60), 17.71 (4.93 to 101.1), and 24.60 (5.29 to 91.7) MPa, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the microtensile bond strength among the three groups (P=0.94). Conclusion: The application of either silver diamine fluoride along with a saturated solution of potassium iodide or SDF alone does not have a significant inhibitory effect on the bond strength of the composite resin to carious dentin in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Mucosal fenestrations are infrequent and often challenging to treat depending on the extent of soft and hard tissue destruction. This article presents the successful management of a relatively larger mucosal fenestration associated with complete absence of buccal bone plate in a mandibular incisor secondary to trauma‐induced periapical pathosis. Clinical considerations: After non‐surgical endodontic therapy, surgery was performed for debridement of the osseous defect, root resection/shaping, connective tissue graft (CTG) placement on the affected root surface and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in periapical osseous defect rather than use of bone graft and/or barrier membrane. Healing was uneventful, however, a small mucosal defect remained at 2 weeks follow‐up. After 3 months of primary surgery, a corrective surgery was performed utilizing an "incision‐free" approach i.e. tunnel technique with CTG in contrast to the contemporary flap approach. At 18 months follow‐up, complete closure of the mucosal defect with a thick gingival biotype, normal sulcus depth, and good esthetic outcome were achieved. No recurrence and any clinical signs of infection or inflammation were observed. Conclusions: Based on the outcomes of present case, an early intervention utilizing the minimally invasive surgical therapy and autologous biomaterials may be considered a viable approach to treat such complex lesions. Clinical significance: Endodontic therapy in combination with PRF and CTG appears to provide successful outcomes in treatment of a large mucosal fenestration with periapical osseous defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transcriptional regulation of autophagy depends on the transcription factors coordinated inflammatory feedback mechanism. Here, we provide a comprehensive functional characterization of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aiming to reveal previously unappreciated biological changes and to investigate how a transcription factor differentiated embryonic chondrocytes 2 (Dec2)‐deficient environment influences the function of autophagy in nflamed human PDLFs. Methods: A Dec2‐deficient (Dec2KO) experimental periodontal inflammation mouse model and treatment with P. gingivalis LPS were employed to examine the role of autophagy in PDLFs using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry in vivo. A Dec2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to modulate autophagy, and the effect of autophagy on the Dec2 pathway was explored using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in vitro. Results: LPS‐treated human PDLFs (HPDLFs) induced autophagy, as demonstrated by the enhanced levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐II (LC3‐II) and the induction of ATG5, Beclin1, and Dec2. Compared with a scrambled siRNA, a Dec2 siRNA triggered the detrimental influences of LPS and markedly enhanced autophagy expression in inflamed HPDLFs. The expression of phosphorylated ERK was increased and levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were decreased after exposure to LPS in Dec2 siRNA transfected HPDLFs. The Dec2KO model exhibited that P. gingivalis in Dec2 deficient conditions increases the inflammation of PDLFs by regulating autophagy. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a Dec2 deficiency can alleviate LPS‐induced inflammation via the ERK/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating autophagy, conceivably delivering a novel approach for the detection of periodontal treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracellular signaling complexes of the innate immune system orchestrate the development of inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a commensal bacterium that induces periodontal pyroptosis. The transcription factor Dec1 can regulate the expression of inflammatory molecules. In this study, we investigated whether a deficiency of Dec1 activates/represses Caspase-1 and/or Gasdermin-D in periodontal pyroptosis, resulting in the release of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin-1β. Dec1 expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) treated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed and pyroptosis activation was determined by microscopy, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Moreover, a siRNA targeting Dec1 was introduced into HPDLFs to determine the function of Dec1 in periodontal pyroptosis and a Dec1-deficient experimental mouse model of periodontitis was used. Treatment of HPDLFs with P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated levels of cleaved-Caspase-1 and cleaved-GSDMD and increased levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and interleukin-1β. In contrast, Dec1 knockdown maintained cellular homeostasis with low levels of pyroptosis. Treatment with P. gingivalis alleviated periodontal pyroptosis in PDLFs of wild-type mice and a Dec1 deficiency subsequently repressed the inflammatory effect of P. gingivalis. These results reveal for the first time the novel function of Dec1 in periodontal pyroptosis, suggesting that Dec1 is a crucial target to prevent periodontal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]