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1. Adrenomedullin-CALCRL axis controls relapse-initiating drug tolerant acute myeloid leukemia cells

Author: Clément Larrue, Nathan Guiraud, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Marine Dubois, Thomas Farge, Mathilde Gotanègre, Claudie Bosc, Estelle Saland, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Marie Sabatier, Nizar Serhan, Ambrine Sahal, Emeline Boet, Sarah Mouche, Quentin Heydt, Nesrine Aroua, Lucille Stuani, Tony Kaoma, Linus Angenendt, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Christoph Schliemann, François Vergez, Jérôme Tamburini, Christian Récher, and Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Leukemic stem cells which are resistant to chemotherapy are proposed as relapse-initiating cells (RICs). Here, the authors show that targeting the adrenomedullin-calcitonin receptor-like receptor decreases RICs frequency improving chemotherapy response in AML preclinical models.
Published: 2021
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2. Autophagy regulates fatty acid availability for oxidative phosphorylation through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites

Author: Claudie Bosc, Nicolas Broin, Marjorie Fanjul, Estelle Saland, Thomas Farge, Charly Courdy, Aurélie Batut, Rawand Masoud, Clément Larrue, Sarah Skuli, Nicolas Espagnolle, Jean-Christophe Pagès, Alice Carrier, Frédéric Bost, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Jérôme Tamburini, Christian Récher, Sarah Bertoli, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Stéphane Manenti, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, and Carine Joffre
Subjects: Science
Abstract: How autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is not fully clear. Here, the authors show that autophagy regulates lipid availability to support mitochondrial oxidative metabolism through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, necessary for cell proliferation in AML.
Published: 2020
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3. Inflammation regulates long non-coding RNA-PTTG1-1:1 in myeloid leukemia

Author: Sébastien Chateauvieux, Anthoula Gaigneaux, Déborah Gérard, Marion Orsini, Franck Morceau, Barbora Orlikova-Boyer, Thomas Farge, Christian Récher, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Mario Dicato, and Marc Diederich
Subjects: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Published: 2020
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4. Mesenchymal stromal cells confer chemoresistance to myeloid leukemia blasts through Side Population functionality and ABC transporter activation

Author: Laetitia Boutin, Pierre Arnautou, Aurélie Trignol, Amandine Ségot, Thomas Farge, Christophe Desterke, Sabrina Soave, Denis Clay, Emmanuel Raffoux, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Jean-Valère Malfuson, Jean-Jacques Lataillade, Marie-Caroline Le Bousse-Kerdilès, and Adrienne Anginot
Subjects: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract: Targeting chemoresistant malignant cells is one of the current major challenges in oncology. Therefore, it is mandatory to refine the characteristics of these cells to monitor their survival and develop adapted therapies. This is of particular interest in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), for which the 5-year survival rate only reaches 30%, regardless of the prognosis. The role of the microenvironment is increasingly reported to be a key regulator for blast survival. In this context, we demonstrate that contact with mesenchymal stromal cells promotes a better survival of blasts in culture in the presence of anthracycline through the activation of ABC transporters. Stroma-dependent ABC transporter activation leads to the induction of a Side Population (SP) phenotype in a subpopulation of primary leukemia blasts through alpha (α)4 engagement. The stroma-promoting effect is reversible and is observed with stromal cells isolated from either healthy donors or leukemia patients. Blasts expressing an SP phenotype are mostly quiescent and are chemoresistant in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft mouse models. At the transcriptomic level, blasts from the SP are specifically enriched in the drug metabolism program. This detoxification signature engaged in contact with mesenchymal stromal cells represents promising ways to target stroma-induced chemoresistance of AML cells.
Published: 2020
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5. C/EBPα Confers Dependence to Fatty Acid Anabolic Pathways and Vulnerability to Lipid Oxidative Stress–Induced Ferroptosis in FLT3 -Mutant Leukemia

Author: Marie Sabatier, Rudy Birsen, Laura Lauture, Sarah Mouche, Paolo Angelino, Jonas Dehairs, Lea Goupille, Ismael Boussaid, Mael Heiblig, Emeline Boet, Ambrine Sahal, Estelle Saland, Juliana C. Santos, Marc Armengol, Miranda Fernandez-Serrano, Thomas Farge, Guillaume Cognet, Federico Simonetta, Corentin Pignon, Antoine Graffeuil, Celine Mazzotti, Herve Avet-Loiseau, Oceane Delos, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Amelie Chedru, Vilma Dembitz, Paolo Gallipoli, Natasha S. Anstee, Sun Loo, Andrew H. Wei, Martin Carroll, Armelle Goubard, Remy Castellano, Yves Collette, Francois Vergez, Veronique Mansat-De Mas, Sarah Bertoli, Suzanne Tavitian, Muriel Picard, Christian Recher, Nathalie Bourges-Abella, Fanny Granat, Olivier Kosmider, Pierre Sujobert, Benoit Colsch, Carine Joffre, Lucille Stuani, Johannes V. Swinnen, Herve Guillou, Gael Roue, Nawad Hakim, Anne S. Dejean, Petros Tsantoulis, Clement Larrue, Didier Bouscary, Jerome Tamburini, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Faculté de médecine [Genève], Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Leuven Cancer Institute [Leuven, Belgium] (LKI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and 2018/Ligue Nationale de Lutte contre le Cancer C57799/A27964/Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Institut National Du Cancer (INCa)
Subjects: Oncology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Although transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is critical for normal and leukemic differentiation, its role in cell and metabolic homeostasis is largely unknown in cancer. Here, multiomics analyses uncovered a coordinated activation of C/EBPα and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) that increased lipid anabolism in vivo and in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mechanistically, C/EBPα regulated the fatty acid synthase (FASN)–stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) axis to promote fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and desaturation. We further demonstrated that FLT3 or C/EBPα inactivation decreased monounsaturated FA incorporation to membrane phospholipids through SCD downregulation. Consequently, SCD inhibition enhanced susceptibility to lipid redox stress that was exploited by combining FLT3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition to trigger lipid oxidative stress, enhancing ferroptotic death of FLT3-mutant AML cells. Altogether, our study reveals a C/EBPα function in lipid homeostasis and adaptation to redox stress, and a previously unreported vulnerability of FLT3-mutant AML to ferroptosis with promising therapeutic application. Significance: FLT3 mutations are found in 30% of AML cases and are actionable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we discovered that C/EBPα regulates FA biosynthesis and protection from lipid redox stress downstream mutant-FLT3 signaling, which confers a vulnerability to ferroptosis upon FLT3 inhibition with therapeutic potential in AML. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501
Published: 2023

6. Supplementary Table S3 from Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, François Vergez, Christian Récher, Jérome Tamburini, Carine Joffre, Tony Kaoma, Francisco Azuaje, Nathalie Nicot, Jean-Charles Portais, Floriant Bellvert, Nathalie Bonnefoy, Mathilde Gotanègre, Camille Laurent, Charlotte Syrykh, Muriel Picard, Massimiliano Bardotti, Sarah Gandarillas, Latifa Jarrou, Clément Larrue, Fetta Mazed, Marie Sabatier, Lucille Stuani, Claudie Bosc, Thomas Farge, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Mohsen Hosseini, Fabienne de Toni, Ryan Gwilliam, Estelle Saland, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Margherita Ghisi, Emeline Boet, and Nesrine Aroua
Abstract: Table S3
Published: 2023

7. Supplementary Table S6 from Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Récher, Martin Carroll, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Mary Selak, François Vergez, Jean-Charles Portais, Barbara H. Garmy-Susini, François Delhommeau, Lara Gales, Tony Palama, Pierre Hirsch, Yara Barreira, Olivier Duchamp, Yves Collette, Emmanuel Griessinger, Rémy Castellano, Camille Montersino, Laetitia K. Linares, Jason Iacovoni, Laurent Vallar, Tony Kaoma, Suzanne Tavitian, Audrey Sarry, Nizar Serhan, Marion David, Nicolas Broin, Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Virginie Féliu, Héléna Boutzen, Clément Larrue, Sarah Scotland, Marine Fraisse, Lucille Stuani, Mayumi Sugita, Claudie Bosc, Robin Perry, Mohsen Hosseini, Nesrine Aroua, Fabienne de Toni, Estelle Saland, and Thomas Farge
Abstract: HIGH CD36 gene signature generated from upregulated genes in AML patients that express the most CD36 mRNA compared to that of the lowest expression of CD36 in TCGA cohort.
Published: 2023

8. Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Figures 1 through 18 from Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Récher, Martin Carroll, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Mary Selak, François Vergez, Jean-Charles Portais, Barbara H. Garmy-Susini, François Delhommeau, Lara Gales, Tony Palama, Pierre Hirsch, Yara Barreira, Olivier Duchamp, Yves Collette, Emmanuel Griessinger, Rémy Castellano, Camille Montersino, Laetitia K. Linares, Jason Iacovoni, Laurent Vallar, Tony Kaoma, Suzanne Tavitian, Audrey Sarry, Nizar Serhan, Marion David, Nicolas Broin, Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Virginie Féliu, Héléna Boutzen, Clément Larrue, Sarah Scotland, Marine Fraisse, Lucille Stuani, Mayumi Sugita, Claudie Bosc, Robin Perry, Mohsen Hosseini, Nesrine Aroua, Fabienne de Toni, Estelle Saland, and Thomas Farge
Abstract: Supplementary Methods. Supplementary Figure S1. Clinical distributions of AML patients from TUH and 3 independent patient cohorts. Supplementary Figure S2. In vivo treatment with 60 mg/kg/d of cytarabine (AraC) given daily for 5 days induces a significant reduction of the total cell tumor burden in AML-engrafted mice. Supplementary Figure S3. In vivo cytarabine (AraC) treatment induces significant but heterogeneous response in bone marrow and spleen of AML-xenografted NSG mice. Supplementary Figure S4. Comparative analysis of the in vivo response to cytarabine (AraC) with clinicobiological data of AML patients. Supplementary Figure S5. In vivo cytarabine (AraC) treatment induces changes in CD34+/-CD38+/- phenotypes in AML-engrafted mice. Supplementary Figure S6. In vivo cytarabine (AraC) chemotherapy treatment leads to reduction of the absolute number of human CD34+CD38+/- populations in AML. Supplementary figure S7. No enrichment in G0 quiescent cells was observed in mice treated with sublethal dose of cytarabine (AraC) for 5 days in vivo. Supplementary figure S8. Mitochondrial and energetic features of LOW (KG1, KG1a, U937) and HIGH (MOLM14, MV4-11, HL60) OXPHOS AML cell lines. Supplementary figure S9. Functional analysis of the transcriptomes of LOW (KG1a, U937) versus HIGH (MOLM14, HL60) OXPHOS AML cell lines untreated or treated with metformin. Supplementary figure S10. AML cells surviving after cytarabine (AraC) treatment are resistant to chemotherapies and are pre-existing CD36+CD44+ phenotype with an increased oxidative metabolism. Supplementary figure S11. Culture in galactose induces energetic shift of LOW OXPHOS AML U937 cells toward HIGH OXPHOS state, leading to cytarabine (AraC) resistance in AML. Supplementary figure S12. Energetic shift of mtDNA-depleted Rho0 MOLM14 cells toward LOW OXPHOS state induces AraC sensitivity. Supplementary figure S13. Electron Transfer Chain Complex I inhibition by Phenformin (Phenf) induces energetic shift toward LOW OXPHOS state and increases cytarabine (AraC) sensitivity in MOLM14 cells. Supplementary figure S14. Electron Transfer Chain Complex I inhibition by Metformin (Met) induces energetic shift toward LOW OXPHOS state and increases cytarabine (AraC) sensitivity in MOLM14 cells. Supplementary figure S15. Electron Transfer Chain Complex I inhibition by Rotenone (Rot) induces energetic shift toward LOW OXPHOS state and increases cytarabine (AraC) sensitivity in MOLM14 cells. Supplementary figure S16. Electron Transfer Chain Complex III inhibition by Antimycin A (AntiA) induces energetic shift toward LOW OXPHOS state and increases cytarabine (AraC) sensitivity in MOLM14 cells. Supplementary figure S17. Electron Transfer Chain Complex III inhibition by Atovaquone (ATQ) induces energetic shift toward LOW OXPHOS state and increases cytarabine (AraC) sensitivity in MOLM14 cells. Supplementary figure S18. Working model of the resistance to AraC in vivo.
Published: 2023

9. Supplementary Data from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Récher, Guillaume Bossis, Marc Piechaczyk, Mathilde Gotanègre, Pierre Luc Mouchel, Marie Sabatier, Clément Larrue, Latifa Jarrou, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Véronique Guyonnet-Dupérat, Estelle Saland, Thomas Farge, Claudie Bosc, Nesrine Aroua, Hamid Reza Rezvani, and Mohsen Hosseini
Abstract: Supplementary Table 1 Clinical and mutational features of AML patient samples used in this study
Published: 2023

10. Supplementary Figures from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Récher, Guillaume Bossis, Marc Piechaczyk, Mathilde Gotanègre, Pierre Luc Mouchel, Marie Sabatier, Clément Larrue, Latifa Jarrou, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Véronique Guyonnet-Dupérat, Estelle Saland, Thomas Farge, Claudie Bosc, Nesrine Aroua, Hamid Reza Rezvani, and Mohsen Hosseini
Abstract: Supplementary Figures 1-7
Published: 2023

11. Supplementary Methods from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Récher, Guillaume Bossis, Marc Piechaczyk, Mathilde Gotanègre, Pierre Luc Mouchel, Marie Sabatier, Clément Larrue, Latifa Jarrou, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Véronique Guyonnet-Dupérat, Estelle Saland, Thomas Farge, Claudie Bosc, Nesrine Aroua, Hamid Reza Rezvani, and Mohsen Hosseini
Abstract: Supplementary Methods
Published: 2023

12. In vivo metabolomic study uncovers distinct metabolic phenotypes of host tissues and predicts oxidative state of acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Guillaume Cognet, Lucille Stuani, Thomas Farge, Mathilde Gotanègre, Maud Heuillet, Lara Gales, Amandine Rocher, Nina Lager-Lachaud, Claudie Bosc, Marie Sabatier, Estelle Saland, Ambrine Sahal, Laura Poillet-Perez, Francois Vergez, Véronique de Mas, Christian Récher, Jean-Charles Portais, Floriant Bellvert, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: in vivo metabolomics, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, leukemia, prediction, metabolic niche, OxPHOS state
Abstract: Background Metabolic adaptation is a hallmark of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Tumor microenvironment is also described as an essential support of leukemic metabolism. We explored how systemic and tissue metabolism was rewired in leukemia-bearing mice and upon chemotherapy. Methods Using AML cell line- and primary patient-derived xenograft models, we developed in vivo metabolomics to uncover the metabolic pattern of 10 tissues including plasma, bone marrow, spleen, liver, adipose tissue, lung, pancreas, kidney, heart and muscle. Results In vivo targeted mass spectrometry allowed metabolic characterization of tissues from naïve and AML-xenografted immunocompromised mice. AML xenotransplantation and cytarabine treatment induced AML cell type-dependent global changes in tissue metabolomes. Infiltration of high OxPHOS MOLM14 cells that are intrinsically chemoresistant, induced minor changes in tissue metabolomes. In contrast, low OxPHOS U937 xenograft led to major reprogramming of metabolic tissue niches for survival upon chemotherapy. Interestingly, plasma metabolite signatures could predict the oxidative phenotype of leukemic cells. Conclusion Major metabolic changes in host tissues play a crucial role in tumor xenotransplantation and define their OxPHOS state in AML. Since mitochondrial phenotype is an essential determinant of drug response in AML, plasma metabolite signatures might be novel biomarkers for patient stratification.
Published: 2022

13. C/EBPα confers dependence to fatty acid anabolic pathways and vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress in FLT3-mutant leukemia

Author: Marie Sabatier, Rudy Birsen, Laura Lauture, Jonas Dehairs, Paolo Angelino, Sarah Mouche, Maël Heiblig, Emeline Boet, Ambrine Sahal, Estelle Saland, Thomas Farge, Guillaume Cognet, Federico Simonetta, Corentin Pignon, Antoine Graffeuil, Céline Mazzotti, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Océane Delos, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Amélie Chedru, François Vergez, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Sarah Bertoli, Suzanne Tavitian, Muriel Picard, Christian Récher, Olivier Kosmider, Pierre Sujobert, Benoit Colsch, Carine Joffre, Lucille Stuani, Johannes V. Swinnen, Hervé Guillou, Petros Tsantoulis, Clément Larrue, Didier Bouscary, Jérôme Tamburini, and Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
Subjects: hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract: While transcription factor C/AAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is critical for normal and leukemic differentiation, its role on cell and metabolic homeostasis is largely unknown in cancer. Here, multi-omics analyses uncovered a coordinated activation of C/EBPα and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) that increased lipid anabolism in vivo and in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mechanistically, C/EBPα regulated FASN-SCD axis to promote fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and desaturation. We further demonstrated that FLT3 or C/EBPα inactivation decreased mono-unsaturated FAs incorporation to membrane phospholipids through SCD downregulation. Consequently, SCD inhibition enhanced susceptibility to lipid redox stress. Moreover, this C/EBPα-dependent adaptation of FA homeostasis was exploited by combining FLT3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition to trigger lipid oxidative stress, enhancing ferroptotic death of FLT3-mutant AML cells. Altogether, our study reveals a C/EBPα function in lipid homeostasis and adaptation to redox stress, and a previously unreported vulnerability of FLT3-mutant AML with promising therapeutic application.SIGNIFICANCEThe transcription factor C/EBPα is as a master regulator of normal and leukemic myeloid differentiation. Here, we discovered that C/EBPα regulates fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic adaptation to redox imbalance in leukemic cells. This confers a vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress to FLT3-mutant cells and supports novel therapeutic opportunities for patients.
Published: 2022

14. Mitochondrial inhibitors circumvent adaptive resistance to venetoclax and cytarabine combination therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Thomas Farge, Eléonore Kaphan, Emeline Boet, Francois Vergez, Marie Sabatier, Jérôme Kluza, Nathalie Nicot, Yujue Wang, Andrew H. Wei, Aurélie Bousard, Noémie Gadaud, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Ambrine Sahal, Nesrine Aroua, Ing Soo Tiong, Nathaniel Polley, Lucille Stuani, Mathilde Gotanègre, Quentin Fovez, Tony Kaoma, Laura Poillet-Perez, Claudie Bosc, Estelle Saland, Marie Tosolini, Guillaume Cognet, Rafael J. Argüello, Florian Rambow, Jean-Jacques Fournié, Christian Recher, Carine Joffre, Clément Larrue, Xiaoyang Su, Jean-Christophe Marine, Jerome Tamburini, Céline Mazzotti, Muriel Picard, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Florence Cabon, Latifa Jarrou, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LabEx Toucan, LabEx Toucan - Toulouse, Leuven Center for Cancer Biology (VIB-KU-CCB), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier - Faculté de médecine Purpan (UTPS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU de Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Rutgers cancer institute of New Jersey [Newark, NJ], Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR 9020 - U 1277 (CANTHER), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and The Alfred Hospital and Monash University - Department of Clinical Haematology - Melbourne
Subjects: Cancer Research, Combination therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Oxidative phosphorylation, chemistry.chemical_compound, In vivo, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Medicine, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sulfonamides, business.industry, Venetoclax, Cytarabine, Myeloid leukemia, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, carbohydrates (lipids), Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, chemistry, Cancer research, Azacitidine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Therapy resistance represents a major clinical challenge in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we define a ‘MitoScore’ signature, which identifies high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in vivo and in patients with AML. Primary AML cells with cytarabine (AraC) resistance and a high MitoScore relied on mitochondrial Bcl2 and were highly sensitive to venetoclax (VEN) + AraC (but not to VEN + azacytidine). Single-cell transcriptomics of VEN + AraC-residual cell populations revealed adaptive resistance associated with changes in oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain complex and the TP53 pathway. Accordingly, treatment of VEN + AraC-resistant AML cells with electron transport chain complex inhibitors, pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitors or mitochondrial ClpP protease agonists substantially delayed relapse following VEN + AraC. These findings highlight the central role of mitochondrial adaptation during AML therapy and provide a scientific rationale for alternating VEN + azacytidine with VEN + AraC in patients with a high MitoScore and to target mitochondrial metabolism to enhance the sensitivity of AML cells to currently approved therapies. Sarry and colleagues demonstrate that adaptive resistance to venetoclax + cytarabine therapy in acute myeloid leukemia relies on mitochondrial respiration and show that combination with electron transport chain complex inhibitors delays relapse in patient-derived xenograft models in vivo.
Published: 2021

15. Activation of Vitamin D Receptor Pathway Enhances Differentiating Capacity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations

Author: Pierre Bories, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Florence Castelli, Héléna Boutzen, Alexis Hucteau, Sarah Bertoli, Marie Sabatier, Ambrine Sahal, Laura Lauture, Thomas Farge, Vera Pancaldi, Emeline Chu-Van, Lucille Stuani, Emeline Boet, Nathaniel Polley, Christian Récher, Nathan Guiraud, Guillaume Cognet, Estelle Saland, and Véronique Mansat-De Mas
Subjects: IDH, business.industry, Mutant, CEBPα, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Myeloid leukemia, vitamin D, biology_other, differentiation, Calcitriol receptor, Article, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, AML, Cell culture, hemic and lymphatic diseases, CEBPA, Vitamin D and neurology, Cancer research, Medicine, Stem cell, ATRA, business, neoplasms, RC254-282, VDR
Abstract: Simple Summary Around 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harbor mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH), which lead to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Inhibitors of mutant IDH enzymes and their 2-HG production have been approved by the FDA to be used in patients. However, 60% of IDH mutant AML patients do not respond to these inhibitors or develop mechanisms of resistance, leading to relapse. Among these mechanisms, some produce a 2-HG rebound. Alternative therapies exploiting the 2-HG-dependent molecular effects could therefore be of clinical interest. In this study, we demonstrate that 2-HG specifically activates vitamin D receptor (VDR) in IDH mutant AML cells leading to increased sensitivity to the combination of vitamin D (or VDR agonist) and all-trans retinoic acid and revealing a new therapeutic approach that can be readily applied to AML patients in this subgroup. Abstract Relapses and resistance to therapeutic agents are major barriers in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. These unfavorable outcomes emphasize the need for new strategies targeting drug-resistant cells. As IDH mutations are present in the preleukemic stem cells and systematically conserved at relapse, targeting IDH mutant cells could be essential to achieve a long-term remission in the IDH mutant AML subgroup. Here, using a panel of human AML cell lines and primary AML patient specimens harboring IDH mutations, we showed that the production of an oncometabolite (R)-2-HG by IDH mutant enzymes induces vitamin D receptor-related transcriptional changes, priming these AML cells to differentiate with pharmacological doses of ATRA and/or VD. This activation occurs in a CEBPα-dependent manner. Accordingly, our findings illuminate potent and cooperative effects of IDH mutations and the vitamin D receptor pathway on differentiation in AML, revealing a novel therapeutic approach easily transferable/immediately applicable to this subgroup of AML patients.
Published: 2021
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16. Mesenchymal stromal cells confer chemoresistance to myeloid leukemia blasts through Side Population functionality and ABC transporter activation

Author: Thomas Farge, Denis Clay, Jean-Valère Malfuson, Adrienne Anginot, Christophe Desterke, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Emmanuel Raffoux, Marie-Caroline Le Bousse-Kerdilès, Laetitia Boutin, Jean-Jacques Lataillade, Sabrina Soave, Pierre Arnautou, Amandine Segot, and Aurélie Trignol
Subjects: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Stromal cell, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Context (language use), Biology, Article, Transcriptome, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Side population, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Tumor Microenvironment, medicine, Animals, Humans, Mesenchymal stem cell, Myeloid leukemia, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hematology, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cancer research, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Stromal Cells, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Targeting chemoresistant malignant cells is one of the current major challenges in oncology. Therefore, it is mandatory to refine the characteristics of these cells to monitor their survival and develop adapted therapies. This is of particular interest in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), for which the 5-year survival rate only reaches 30%, regardless of the prognosis. The role of the microenvironment is increasingly reported to be a key regulator for blast survival. In this context, we demonstrate that contact with mesenchymal stromal cells promotes a better survival of blasts in culture in the presence of anthracycline through the activation of ABC transporters. Stroma-dependent ABC transporter activation leads to the induction of a Side Population (SP) phenotype in a subpopulation of primary leukemia blasts through alpha (α)4 engagement. The stroma-promoting effect is reversible and is observed with stromal cells isolated from either healthy donors or leukemia patients. Blasts expressing an SP phenotype are mostly quiescent and are chemoresistant in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft mouse models. At the transcriptomic level, blasts from the SP are specifically enriched in the drug metabolism program. This detoxification signature engaged in contact with mesenchymal stromal cells represents promising ways to target stroma-induced chemoresistance of AML cells.
Published: 2019

17. Ferritin heavy/light chain (FTH1/FTL) expression, serum ferritin levels, and their functional as well as prognostic roles in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Thomas Farge, Marie-Virginie Larcher, Françoise Huguet, Estelle Saland, Suzanne Tavitian, Emilie Bérard, Audrey Sarry, Mauricette Michallet, François Vergez, Sarah Bertoli, Claudie Bosc, Etienne Paubelle, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Eric Delabesse, Xavier Thomas, Christian Recher, and Clément Larrue
Subjects: Adult, Male, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Odds Ratio, Humans, Medicine, FTH1, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Induction chemotherapy, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Gene signature, Prognosis, Combined Modality Therapy, Ferritin, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Haematopoiesis, Treatment Outcome, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Apoferritins, Ferritins, biology.protein, Cancer research, Cytarabine, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Stem cell, Oxidoreductases, business, Biomarkers, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives We previously reported the prognostic value of serum ferritin in younger patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aims of this study were to confirm this finding in a larger cohort regardless of age and prognostic subgroups, to explore the expression and functional role of ferritin in AML cells as well as the regulation of serum ferritin levels in AML patients. Patients/materials/methods Serum ferritin levels at diagnosis were collected in a cohort of 525 patients treated by intensive chemotherapy. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses were conducted to assess the pattern of expression and functional role of FTH1 and FTL in AML. Results We confirmed the independent prognostic value of serum ferritin. In transcriptomic databases, FTH1 and FTL were overexpressed in AML and leukemic stem cells compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells. The gene signature designed from AML patients overexpressing FTH1 revealed a significant enrichment in genes of the immune and inflammatory response including Nf-KB pathway, oxidative stress, or iron pathways. This gene signature was enriched in cytarabine-resistant AML cells in a patient-derived xenograft model. FTH1 protein was also overexpressed in patient's samples and correlated with the in vitro cytotoxic activity of cytarabine. Lastly, we demonstrated that chemotherapy induced an inflammatory response including a significant increase in serum ferritin levels between day 1 and 8 of induction chemotherapy that was blocked by dexamethasone. Conclusion Ferritin is deregulated in most AML patients likely through inflammation, associated with chemoresistance, and could represent a new therapeutic target.
Published: 2018

18. Mitochondrial metabolism supports resistance to IDH mutant inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Lara Gales, Camille Montersino, Marc Conti, Pierre Bories, Courtney D. DiNardo, Brandon Nicolay, Fabien Jourdan, Nicolas Broin, Mohsen Hosseini, Guillaume Cognet, Yves Gibon, Marie Sabatier, Tony Kaoma, Marina Konopleva, Lucille Stuani, Mathilde Gotanègre, Christian Recher, Laurent Fernando, Vera Pancaldi, Nathalie Poupin, Estelle Saland, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Joseph R. Marszalek, Andrei Turtoi, Thomas Farge, Feng Wang, Yves Collette, Laurent Le Cam, Madi Y. Cissé, Cédric Cassan, Alexis Hucteau, Claudie Bosc, Natalia Baran, Sebastien Ronseaux, Aliki Zavoriti, François Fenaille, Florence Castelli, Laetitia K. Linares, Evgenia Turtoi, Emeline Chu-Van, Martin Carroll, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Mary A. Selak, Guillaume Cazals, Emeline Boet, Rémy Castellano, Floriant Bellvert, Norbert Vey, Clément Larrue, Koichi Takahashi, Ambrine Sahal, Sylvain Loric, Jean-Charles Portais, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MD Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Pennsylvania, Université de Montpellier (UM), Réseau régional de cancérologie Onco-Occitanie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agios Pharmaceuticals, ANR-11-PHUC-0001,CAPTOR,Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0068,TOUCAN,Analyse intégrée de la résistance dans les cancers hématologiques(2011), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Pathologies biliaires, fibrose et cancer du foie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de Mesures Physiques, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), STROMALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Etablissement Français du Sang-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), collette, yves, Pôle hospitalier Universitaire Cancer (PHUC) - Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région - - CAPTOR2011 - ANR-11-PHUC-0001 - PHUC - VALID, Analyse intégrée de la résistance dans les cancers hématologiques - - TOUCAN2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0068 - LABX - VALID, and Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation - - METABOHUB2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0010 - INBS - VALID
Subjects: Pyridines, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Aminopyridines, Mice, SCID, Mitochondrion, medicine.disease_cause, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, 0302 clinical medicine, Piperidines, Mice, Inbred NOD, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Immunology and Allergy, Enzyme Inhibitors, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Oxadiazoles, Chemistry, Triazines, Myeloid leukemia, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Isoenzymes, Leukemia, Leukemia, Myeloid, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Doxycycline, Acute Disease, Immunology, Glycine, HL-60 Cells, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Epigenetics, Protein kinase B, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Leukemia & Lymphoma, Metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cancer cell, Cancer research
Abstract: Stuani et al. demonstrate that IDH mutant AML cells display an enhanced mitochondrial phenotype, which is not reversed by IDH mutant inhibitors. This study provides a scientific rationale for combinatory mitochondrial-targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant AML patients, especially those unresponsive to or relapsing from IDH mutant inhibitors., Mutations in IDH induce epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, differentiation bias, and susceptibility to mitochondrial inhibitors in cancer cells. Here, we first show that cell lines, PDXs, and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring an IDH mutation displayed an enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Along with an increase in TCA cycle intermediates, this AML-specific metabolic behavior mechanistically occurred through the increase in electron transport chain complex I activity, mitochondrial respiration, and methylation-driven CEBPα-induced fatty acid β-oxidation of IDH1 mutant cells. While IDH1 mutant inhibitor reduced 2-HG oncometabolite and CEBPα methylation, it failed to reverse FAO and OxPHOS. These mitochondrial activities were maintained through the inhibition of Akt and enhanced activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 PGC1α upon IDH1 mutant inhibitor. Accordingly, OxPHOS inhibitors improved anti-AML efficacy of IDH mutant inhibitors in vivo. This work provides a scientific rationale for combinatory mitochondrial-targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant AML patients, especially those unresponsive to or relapsing from IDH mutant inhibitors., Graphical Abstract
Published: 2021

19. Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Margherita Ghisi, Jerome Tamburini, Marie Sabatier, Massimiliano Bardotti, Francisco Azuaje, Jean-Charles Portais, Christian Récher, Carine Joffre, Lucille Stuani, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Camille Laurent, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Fetta Mazed, Claudie Bosc, Nathalie Nicot, Nesrine Aroua, Mathilde Gotanègre, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Estelle Saland, Clément Larrue, Floriant Bellvert, Fabienne De Toni, Latifa Jarrou, Mohsen Hosseini, Charlotte Syrykh, Ryan Gwilliam, François Vergez, Tony Kaoma, Sarah Gandarillas, Muriel Picard, Thomas Farge, Emeline Boet, Nathalie Bonnefoy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU de Toulouse], Service d'anatomopathologie, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Canceropole GSO 2014-E07, Région Auvergne-Rhone-AlpesRégion Bourgogne-Franche-ComteRégion Hauts-de-FranceRégion Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Fondation Toulouse Cancer Santé, Plan Cancer 2014-BioSys, Fondation ARC, Fondation de France, ANR-11-LABX-0068,TOUCAN,Analyse intégrée de la résistance dans les cancers hématologiques(2011), ANR-11-PHUC-0001,CAPTOR,Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région(2011), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rangueil Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cell, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, In vivo, Antigens, CD, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Ectonucleotidase, Cytotoxicity, business.industry, Apyrase, Cytarabine, Myeloid leukemia, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Cell culture, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samples in vivo and in vitro. CD39 cell-surface expression and activity is increased in patients with AML upon chemotherapy compared with diagnosis, and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes cytarabine resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated adaptive mitochondrial stress response. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CD39 ecto-ATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by cytarabine treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new residual disease marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML. Significance: Extracellular ATP and CD39–P2RY13–cAMP–OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426
Published: 2020

20. Combinatory therapy targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation improves efficacy of IDH mutant inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Floriant Bellvert, Camille Montersino, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Brandon Nicolay, Guillaume Cazals, Laurent Fernando, Nicolas Broin, Jean-Charles Portais, Joe Marszalek, Clément Larrue, Norbert Vey, Sebastien Ronseaux, Thomas Farge, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Andrei Turtoi, Aliki Zavoriti, Tony Kaoma, Courtney D. DiNardo, Emeline Chu-Van, Claudie Bosc, Guillaume Cognet, Rémy Castellano, Héléna Boutzen, Cédric Cassan, Claire Calmettes, Florence Castelli, Marie Sabatier, Arnaud Pigneux, Evgenia Turtoi, Yves Collette, Martin Carroll, Yves Gibon, Emeline Boet, Laetitia K. Linares, Mathilde Gotanègre, Francois Fenaille, Laurent Le Cam, Lara Gales, Marc Conti, Nathalie Poupin, Mary A. Selak, Lucille Stuani, Andrew Futreal, Christian Recher, Marina Konopleva, Feng Wang, Estelle Saland, Mohsen Hosseini, Audrey Bidet, Kiyomi Morita, Natalia Baran, Koichi Takahashi, Sylvain Loric, Pierre Bories, Fabien Jourdan, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Métabolomique et Fluxomique (MetaToul) (TBI-MetaToul), MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology–Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Laboratoire de Mesures Physiques, Université de Montpellier (UM), Réseau régional de cancérologie Onco-Occitanie, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Agios Pharmaceuticals, MD Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Pennsylvania, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Jourdan, Fabien, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, IDH1, Chemistry, Mutant, Myeloid leukemia, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Oxidative phosphorylation, 3. Good health, Citric acid cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Epigenetics, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Beta oxidation, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) are involved in redox control and central metabolism. Mutations in IDH induce epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, differentiation bias, BCL-2 dependence and susceptibility to mitochondrial inhibitors in cancer cells. Here we show that high sensitivity to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) inhibitors is due to an enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cell lines, PDX and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring IDH mutation. Along with an increase in TCA cycle intermediates, this AML-specific metabolic behavior mechanistically occurs through the increase in methylation-driven CEBPα- and CPT1a-induced fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain complex I activity and mitochondrial respiration in IDH1 mutant AML. Furthermore, an IDH mutant inhibitor that significantly and systematically reduces 2-HG oncometabolite transiently reverses mitochondrial FAO and OxPHOS gene signature and activities in patients who responded to the treatment and achieved the remission. However, at relapse or in patients who did not respond, IDH mutant inhibitor failed to block these mitochondrial properties. Accordingly, OxPHOS inhibitors such as IACS-010759 improve anti-AML efficacy of IDH mutant inhibitors alone and in combination with chemotherapyin vivo. This work provides a scientific rationale for combinatory mitochondrial-targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant-positive AML patients, especially those unresponsive to or relapsing from IDH mutant-specific inhibitors.
Published: 2020

21. Adrenomedullin-CALCRL Axis Controls Relapse-Initiating Drug Tolerant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Author: Quentin Heydt, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Nizar Serhan, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Thomas Farge, Ambrine Sahal, Christian Récher, Clément Larrue, Christoph Schliemann, Marie Sabatier, Nesrine Aroua, Nathan Guiraud, Sarah Mouche, Emeline Boet, Marine Dubois, Lucille Stuani, Jerome Tamburini, François Vergez, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Estelle Saland, Mathilde Gotanègre, Tony Kaoma, Claudie Bosc, Linus Angenendt, and Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers
Subjects: Gene knockdown, business.industry, Myeloid leukemia, CALCRL, Cell cycle, Adrenomedullin, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Cytarabine, medicine, Cancer research, E2F1, Stem cell, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Drug tolerant leukemic cell subpopulations may explain frequent relapses in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting that these Relapse-Initiating Cells (RICs) persistent after chemotherapy represent bona fide targets to prevent drug resistance and relapse. We uncovered that the G-protein coupled receptor CALCRL is expressed in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and RICs, and that the overexpression of CALCRL and/or of its ligand adrenomedullin (ADM) and not CGRP correlates to adverse outcome in AML. CALCRL knockdown impairs leukemic growth, decreases LSC frequency and sensitizes to cytarabine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, the ADM-CALCRL axis drives cell cycle, DNA repair and mitochondrial OxPHOS function of AML blasts dependent on E2F1 and BCL2. Finally, CALCRL depletion reduces LSC frequency of RICs post-chemotherapy in vivo. In summary, our data highlight a critical role of ADM-CALCRL in post-chemotherapy persistence of these cells, and disclose a promising therapeutic target to prevent relapse in AML.
Published: 2020

22. Inflammation regulates long non-coding RNA-PTTG1-1:1 in myeloid leukemia

Author: Thomas Farge, Marc Diederich, Franck Morceau, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Christian Recher, Barbora Orlikova-Boyer, Mario Dicato, Marion Orsini, Anthoula Gaigneaux, Sébastien Chateauvieux, and Deborah Gérard
Subjects: Inflammation, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, Biology, Long non-coding RNA, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Leukemia, Myeloid, Cell Line, Tumor, Cancer research, medicine, Humans, RNA, Long Noncoding, medicine.symptom, Online Only Articles, Cell Proliferation
Published: 2020

23. Thrombospondin-1 Silencing Improves Lymphocyte Infiltration in Tumors and Response to Anti-PD-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Author: Guillaume Labrousse, Julie Tenet, Hervé Prats, Justine Noujarède, Stéphanie Delmas, Bruno Ségui, Maud Chusseau, Thomas Farge, Elie Marcheteau, Florence Dalenc, Caroline Imbert, Florence Cabon, Camille Franchet, Céline Colacios, Michaël Pérès, and Raphaëlle Duprez-Paumier
Subjects: Cancer Research, Angiogenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, THBS1, Article, Metastasis, TSP1, angiogenesis, Thrombospondin 1, medicine, metastasis, RC254-282, Triple-negative breast cancer, biology, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, business.industry, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Immunotherapy, Transforming growth factor beta, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Oncology, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, Cancer research, biology.protein, immunotherapy, business
Abstract: Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and the development of better therapeutic strategies is required. Herein, we investigated the role of the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in TNBC. TSP1 expression in tumor biopsies from TNBC patients was associated with a bad prognosis and a weak content of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In the 4T1 mouse TNBC model, TSP1 knockdown reduced TGF-β activation and enhanced the content of TILs. Moreover, TSP1 knockdown decreased lung metastasis in syngeneic Balb/c immunocompetent mice but not in immunodeficient nude mice. Finally, TSP1 knockdown enhanced anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy. Thus, targeting TSP1 may be considered as a putative therapeutic strategy in TNBC in combination with immunotherapy. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is notoriously aggressive with a high metastatic potential, and targeted therapies are lacking. Using transcriptomic and histologic analysis of TNBC samples, we found that a high expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and an activator of latent transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), is associated with (i) gene signatures of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and TGF-β signaling, (ii) metastasis and (iii) a reduced survival in TNBC patients. In contrast, in tumors expressing low levels of TSP1, gene signatures of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling and lymphocyte activation were enriched. In TNBC biopsies, TSP1 expression inversely correlated with the CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) content. In the 4T1 metastatic mouse model of TNBC, TSP1 silencing did not affect primary tumor development but, strikingly, impaired metastasis in immunocompetent but not in immunodeficient nude mice. Moreover, TSP1 knockdown increased tumor vascularization and T lymphocyte infiltration and decreased TGF-β activation in immunocompetent mice. Noteworthy was the finding that TSP1 knockdown increased CD8+ TILs and their programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression and sensitized 4T1 tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy. TSP1 inhibition might thus represent an innovative targeted approach to impair TGF-β activation and breast cancer cell metastasis and improve lymphocyte infiltration in tumors, and immunotherapy efficacy in TNBC.
Published: 2021

24. Extracellular ATP and CD39 activate cAMP-mediated mitochondrial stress response to promote cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Francisco Azuale, Margherita Ghisi, Fetta Mazed, Claudie Bosc, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, François Vergez, Thomas Farge, Mathilde Gotanègre, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Jerome Tamburini, Nesrine Aroua, Clément Larrue, Jean-Charles Portais, Floriant Bellvert, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Christian Récher, Massimiliano Bardotti, Fabienne De Toni, Camille Laurent, Emeline Boet, Marie Sabatier, Lucille Stuani, Nathalie Bonnefoy, Charlotte Syrykh, Ryan Gwilliam, Tony Kaoma, Latifa Jarrou, Sarah Gandarillas, Estelle Saland, Nathalie Nicot, and Mohsen Hosseini
Subjects: Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cell, Myeloid leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell culture, In vivo, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Cancer research, medicine, Cytarabine, business, Cytotoxicity, medicine.drug
Abstract: Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine (AraC)-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samplesin vivoandin vitro. CD39 cell surface expression and activity is increased in AML patients upon chemotherapy compared to diagnosis and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes AraC resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated response. Finally, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CD39 eATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by AraC treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cellsin vitroandin vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML.SIGNIFICANCEExtracellular ATP and CD39-cAMP-OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML.
Published: 2019

25. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Claudie Bosc, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Marc Piechaczyk, Thomas Farge, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Mohsen Hosseini, Hamid Reza Rezvani, Véronique Guyonnet-Duperat, Clément Larrue, Mathilde Gotanègre, Nesrine Aroua, Pierre Luc Mouchel, Latifa Jarrou, Marie Sabatier, Christian Recher, Guillaume Bossis, Estelle Saland, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Transfert de gènes à visée thérapeutique dans les cellules souches, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-forme de vectorologie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-SFR TransBioMed, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Myeloid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apoptosis, Mice, SCID, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Mice, Inbred NOD, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Molecular Targeted Therapy, RNA, Neoplasm, RNA, Small Interfering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Cytarabine, Myeloid leukemia, Mitochondria, Neoplasm Proteins, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Myeloperoxidase, Oxidation-Reduction, medicine.drug, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Oxidative phosphorylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Peroxidase, Reactive oxygen species, Gene Expression Profiling, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Hypochlorous Acid, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cancer research, biology.protein, Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcriptome, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Chemotherapies alter cellular redox balance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Recent studies have reported that chemoresistant cells have an increased oxidative state in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we demonstrated that chemoresistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells had a lower level of mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS in response to cytarabine (AraC) and overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein that converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), compared with sensitive AML cells. High MPO-expressing AML cells were less sensitive to AraC in vitro and in vivo. They also produced higher levels of HOCl and exhibited an increased rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption when compared with low MPO-expressing AML cells. Targeting MPO expression or enzyme activity sensitized AML cells to AraC treatment by triggering oxidative damage and sustaining oxidative stress, particularly in high MPO-expressing AML cells. This sensitization stemmed from mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, which impaired oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energetic balance, driving apoptotic death and selective eradication of chemoresistant AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study uncovers a noncanonical function of MPO enzyme in maintaining redox balance and mitochondrial energetic metabolism, therefore affecting downstream pathways involved in AML chemoresistance. Significance: These findings demonstrate the role of myeloperoxidase in the regulation of ROS levels and sensitivity of AML cells to cytarabine, an essential chemotherapeutic backbone in the therapy of AML.
Published: 2019

26. Dendrogenin A Enhances Anti-Leukemic Effect of Anthracycline in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Christian Récher, Marc Poirot, Philippe de Medina, Rémy Betous, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Thomas Farge, Estelle Saland, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann, Nizar Serhan, Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer [Toulouse], Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer [Paris] (LNCC), Affichem SAS [Toulouse], Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘TOUCAN’ [Toulouse], Poirot, Marc, Service d'Hématologie [IUCT Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, autophagy, Cancer Research, Programmed cell death, Anthracycline, Daunorubicin, DNA damage, DNA repair, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], synergy, anthracycline, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, AML, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Idarubicin, Chemistry, Myeloid leukemia, primary sample, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Haematopoiesis, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, dendrogenin A, CLDX, Cancer research, LXR, DDA, medicine.drug
Abstract: Dendrogenin A (DDA), a mammalian cholesterol metabolite with tumor suppressor properties, has recently been shown to exhibit strong anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by triggering lethal autophagy. Here, we demonstrated that DDA synergistically enhanced the toxicity of anthracyclines in AML cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells. Combination index of DDA treatment with either daunorubicin or idarubicin indicated a strong synergism in KG1a, KG1 and MV4-11 cell lines. This was confirmed in vivo using immunodeficient mice engrafted with MOLM-14 cells as well as in a panel of 20 genetically diverse AML patient samples. This effect was dependent on Liver X Receptor &beta, a major target of DDA. Furthermore, DDA plus idarubicin strongly increased p53BP1 expression and the number of DNA strand breaks in alkaline comet assays as compared to idarubicin alone, whereas DDA alone was non-genotoxic. Mechanistically, DDA induced JNK phosphorylation and the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, thereby maximizing DNA damage induced by idarubicin and decreasing DNA repair. This activated autophagic cell death machinery in AML cells. Overall, this study shows that the combination of DDA and idarubicin is highly promising and supports clinical trials of dendrogenin A in AML patients.
Published: 2020

27. IDH1 Mutation Enhances Catabolic Flexibility and Mitochondrial Dependencies to Favor Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Héléna Boutzen, Clément Larrue, Pierre Millard, Laurent Fernando, Laurent Le Cam, Laurie Gayte, Noémie Gadaud, Tony Kaoma, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Evgenia Turtoi, Jean-Charles Portais, Nesrine Aroua, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Courtney Dinardo, Tony Lionel Palama, Yves Collette, Camille Montersino, Laure Tonini, Yves Gibon, Madi Y. Cissé, Cédric Cassan, Koichi Takahashi, Florence Castelli, Pierre Bories, Audrey Bidet, Joe Marszalek, Martin Carroll, Guillaume Cazals, Claire Calmettes, Arnaud Pigneux, Thomas Farge, Lucille Stuani, Feng Wang, Fabien Jourdan, Laetitia K. Linares, Mary A. Selak, Lara Gales, Andrew M. Futreal, Mathilde Gotanègre, Maud Heuillet, Kiyomi Morita, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Andrei Turtoi, Nicolas Broin, Christian Recher, Marina Konopleva, Mohsen Hosseini, Christophe Junot, Claudie Bosc, Emeline Chu-Van, Marine Fraisse, Nathalie Saint-Laurent, Lindsay Peyriga, Rémy Castellano, Estelle Saland, Natalia Baran, Norbert Vey, Frédéric Lopez, Floriant Bellvert, Marie Sabatier, and Nathalie Poupin
Subjects: Citric acid cycle, IDH1, Chemistry, Catabolism, Mutant, Myeloid leukemia, Metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Reprogramming, Cell biology
Abstract: Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) are involved in redox control and central metabolism. We hypothesized that key metabolic fluxes are selectively reprogrammed to maintain biosynthetic homeostasis and lower drug responses in IDH mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Here we show that metabolic reprogramming initiated by IDH1 mutation leads to marked increases in glucose, glutamine and fatty acid catabolism that along with enhancement of wild-type IDH enzyme activity contribute to provision of α-KG required for 2-HG synthesis and to replenish Krebs cycle intermediates for biosynthetic reactions, oxygen consumption and ATP production. Mechanistically, this occurs through both methylation-driven CEBPα activation of FAO and reprogramming of systemic metabolic fluxes through other pathways that augment catabolic flexibility. Consequently, this catabolic flexibility enhances Krebs cycle and OxPHOS activities that are not necessarily rescued by IDH mutant inhibitors or 2-HG reduction. This renders IDH1 mutant cells more resistant to chemotherapeutics but more susceptible to mitochondrial inhibition. Our findings provide a scientific rationale for innovative combinatory targeted therapies to treat this subgroup of patients, especially those unresponsive to or relapsing from IDH mutant-specific inhibitors.
Published: 2018

28. Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia cells are not enriched for leukemic stem cells but require oxidative metabolism

Author: François Vergez, Marine Fraisse, Nicolas Broin, Thomas Farge, Robin L. Perry, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Audrey Sarry, Suzanne Tavitian, Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy, Mayumi Sugita, Laetitia K. Linares, Jason S. Iacovoni, Claudie Bosc, Olivier Duchamp, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Fabienne De Toni, Sarah J. Scotland, Y Barreira, Pierre Hirsch, Emmanuel Griessinger, Estelle Saland, Camille Montersino, Rémy Castellano, Héléna Boutzen, Nizar Serhan, Laurent Vallar, Martin Carroll, Christian Recher, Moshen Hosseini, Yves Collette, Lara Gales, François Delhommeau, Marion David, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Jean-Charles Portais, Nesrine Aroua, Lucille Stuani, Clément Larrue, Tony Kaoma, Tony Lionel Palama, Mary A. Selak, Barbara Garmy-Susini, Virginie Féliu, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Oncology, University Hospital-Hälsouniversitetet Universitetssjukhuset, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Oncodesign, UMS006 Service d'Experimentation Animale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S938 CDR Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service d'Hématologie [IUCT Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fondation ARC [SFI20121205478], Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN) [ANR11-LABEX], Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancerologie (CAPTOR) [ANR11-PHUC0001], INCA [PLBIO 2012-105], Veterans Affairs Administration [1I01BX000918-01], NIH [1R01CA149566-01A1], Métabolisme Plasticité et Mitochondrie [lié à l'ex IFR 31] (LMPM), IFR 31 Louis Bugnard (IFR 31), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe 11-E.Moyal/C.Toulas, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie clinique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CRLCC Henri Becquerel-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oncodesign Inc., Oncodesign Biotechnology®, Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Centre Européen de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs (CERMNTHC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Service d'hématologie, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oncodesign [Dijon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Linares, Laetitia, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: CD36 Antigens, 0301 basic medicine, Myeloid, cancerologie, Mitochondrion, human health, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mice, pharmacotherapy, 0302 clinical medicine, protéine mitochondriale, chimiothérapie, leucemie, Cytarabine, leukemia, Myeloid leukemia, santé humaine, Mitochondria, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, oncologie, oncology, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Stem cell, medicine.drug, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cell Lineage, chimiothérapie, oncologie, cancerologie, approche thérapeutique, leucemie, protéine mitochondriale, santé humaine, approche thérapeutique, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, carbohydrates (lipids), 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell culture, Cancer research, pharmacotherapy, oncology, leukemia, human health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are thought to be enriched in quiescent immature leukemic stem cells (LSC). To validate this hypothesis in vivo, we developed a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic approach treating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with cytarabine (AraC). AraC residual AML cells are enriched in neither immature, quiescent cells nor LSCs. Strikingly, AraC-resistant preexisting and persisting cells displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species, showed increased mitochondrial mass, and retained active polarized mitochondria, consistent with a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. AraC residual cells exhibited increased fatty-acid oxidation, upregulated CD36 expression, and a high OXPHOS gene signature predictive for treatment response in PDX and patients with AML. High OXPHOS but not low OXPHOS human AML cell lines were chemoresistant in vivo. Targeting mitochondrial protein synthesis, electron transfer, or fatty-acid oxidation induced an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and markedly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC. Together, this study demonstrates that essential mitochondrial functions contribute to AraC resistance in AML and are a robust hallmark of AraC sensitivity and a promising therapeutic avenue to treat AML residual disease. Significance: AraC-resistant AML cells exhibit metabolic features and gene signatures consistent with a high OXPHOS status. In these cells, targeting mitochondrial metabolism through the CD36–FAO–OXPHOS axis induces an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and strongly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC, offering a promising avenue to design new therapeutic strategies and fight AraC resistance in AML. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 716–35. ©2017 AACR. See related commentary by Schimmer, p. 670. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653
Published: 2017

29. Bcl-2 protein family expression pattern determines synergistic pro-apoptotic effects of BH3 mimetics with hemisynthetic cardiac glycoside UNBS1450 in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Marc Diederich, J-E Sarry, J-Y Lee, Hee Young Shin, Claudia Cerella, Aloran Mazumder, Estelle Saland, K-W Kim, Anthoula Gaigneaux, M. Dicato, Thomas Farge, Flavia Radogna, François Vergez, and Christian Recher
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Myeloid, Protein family, bcl-X Protein, Apoptosis, Biology, Cardiac Glycosides, 03 medical and health sciences, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, MCL1, Letter to the Editor, Cardiac glycoside, U937 cell, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, U937 Cells, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, Cardenolides, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Cancer research, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, medicine.drug
Abstract: Bcl-2 protein family expression pattern determines synergistic pro-apoptotic effects of BH3 mimetics with hemisynthetic cardiac glycoside UNBS1450 in acute myeloid leukemia
Published: 2016

30. High mTORC1 activity drives glycolysis addiction and sensitivity to G6PD inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia cells

Author: Michaela Fontenay, Thomas Farge, J-C Portais, Catherine Lacombe, Mireille Lambert, C Chenevier-Gobeaux, Rudy Birsen, Nicolas Chapuis, François Vergez, Didier Bouscary, Virginie Chesnais, Marine Fraisse, Laury Poulain, Jerome Tamburini, Florence Zylbersztejn, Christelle Debeissat, Thiago Trovati Maciel, Olivier Herault, J-E Sarry, Pierre Sujobert, Sylvain Barreau, Lucille Stuani, Christian Recher, Tony Lionel Palama, Patrick Mayeux, and Frédéric Bouillaud
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Myeloid, mTORC1, Biology, Pentose phosphate pathway, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Oxidative Phosphorylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Glycolysis Inhibition, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, neoplasms, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Haematopoiesis, Leukemia, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Glucose, Oncology, Cancer research, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Stem cell, Glycolysis
Abstract: Alterations in metabolic activities are cancer hallmarks that offer a wide range of new therapeutic opportunities. Here we decipher the interplay between mTORC1 activity and glucose metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that mTORC1 signaling that is constantly overactivated in AML cells promotes glycolysis and leads to glucose addiction. The level of mTORC1 activity determines the sensitivity of AML cells to glycolysis inhibition as switch-off mTORC1 activity leads to glucose-independent cell survival that is sustained by an increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic analysis identified the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as an important pro-survival pathway for glucose metabolism in AML cells with high mTORC1 activity and provided a clear rational for targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in AML. Indeed, our analysis of the cancer genome atlas AML database pinpointed G6PD as a new biomarker in AML, as its overexpression correlated with an adverse prognosis in this cohort. Targeting the PPP using the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide induces in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against AML cells and synergistically sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Our results demonstrate that high mTORC1 activity creates a specific vulnerability to G6PD inhibition that may work as a new AML therapy.
Published: 2016

31. Abstract B06: Studying cytarabine resistance through PDX models in acute myeloid leukemia

Author: Thomas Farge
Subjects: Cancer Research, business.industry, Cancer, Myeloid leukemia, Context (language use), Gene signature, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, Immune system, Oncology, Immunology, medicine, Cancer research, Cytarabine, Stem cell, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The major therapeutic barrier in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is chemotherapy resistance. AML cells resistant to conventional chemotherapy targeting DNA synthesis are thought to be enriched in quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In order to better understand chemotherapy resistance in AML, we analyzed the response to cytarabine (AraC) through patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with 20 primary AML patient specimens from two clinical sites and in the context of a French “Innovative models initiative” (IMODI) program. After confirming AML engraftment, highly immunodeficient NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγc null (NSG) mice were treated with AraC administered IP for 5 days as a single agent at 60 mg/kg daily, which correlates with human dosing. In all mice treated with this regimen, there was a significant but variable cytoreductive effect (4- to 46-fold reduction of tumor cell burden; 2- to 13-fold induction of apoptosis) at 3 days post-treatment. This in vivo AraC response in PDX models has been compared to clinicobiological data of their matched patients (including overall survival, FAB classification, and age at diagnosis). Furthermore, residual leukemic cells (RLCs), surviving after in vivo AraC treatment, have been characterized for their cell surface phenotype, stem cell frequency, cell cycle and metabolic status. Gene expression of RLCs from three different PDX models showed an enrichment of genes involved in inflammatory, immune and stress/ROS responses. When tested in three independent cohorts of AML patients (Verhaak et al. 2009; TGCA. 2011; Metzeler et al. 2011), the down-regulated gene signature is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. Altogether, these results suggest a novel model of AraC chemotherapy resistance uncovering the control of the oxidative and mitochondrial energy metabolism in vivo and the relevance of PDX models for clinical investigations and new preclinical drug assessment. Further studies of the role of immune and stromal microenvironment will be assessed in this model to extend our findings in a more relevant setting. Citation Format: Thomas Farge{Authors}. Studying cytarabine resistance through PDX models in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr B06.
Published: 2016

32. The Combination of ATRA and Dasatinib for Differentiation Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemias with IDH Mutations

Author: Lara Gales, Thomas Farge, Jean-Charles Portais, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Mathilde Cathebras, Helena Boutzen, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Fabienne de Toni, Nizar Serhan, Estelle Saland, François Vergez, Marion David, Demas Veronique, Yang Guangli, Florence Castelli, Eric Delabesse, Christophe Junot, Clément Larrue, and Christian Recher
Subjects: Mutation, Myeloid, Immunology, Mutant, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Hematology, Pharmacology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Dasatinib, medicine.anatomical_structure, LYN, Apoptosis, Differentiation therapy, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Cancer research, neoplasms, medicine.drug
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant blasts with impaired differentiation programs due to recurrent mutations, amongst which IDH mutations occur in 15% of AML patients. Here, we show both in vitro as well as in a xenografted mouse model, that clinically achievable doses of ATRA are sufficient to achieve a terminal granulocytic differentiation in primary AML samples and in AML cell lines harboring IDH1-R132H mutation. There is no effect at this concentration on the WT controls. This is associated with reduction of both proliferation and colony formation, and further leads to apoptosis, thereby improving overall survival of mutant xenografted mice. We further showed, through transcriptomic and western blot analysis, that specific ATRA sensitivity is due to overexpression and activation of C/EBPα in the presence of IDH1-R132H mutation. This primes blasts into myeloid differentiation. Moreover, IDH1 R132H mutation also reduces LYN activation, and thus, also sensitizes to clinically achievable doses of dasatinib, a LYN inhibitor. As ATRA induces a brief LYN activation, which transiently reduces ATRA activity, its combination with dasatinib synergistically increases differentiation. In vivo, the combination of ATRA and dasatinib reduces tumor growth of mutant xenografted mice. The combination ATRA and dasatinib might also be considered for other IDH mutations that produce 2-hydroxyglutarate, since treatment with the mutant-specific oncometabolite (eg. 2-hydroxyglutarate) sensitizes AML cells to ATRA and dasatinib-induced differentiation. Finally, ATRA also reduces BCL2 expression specifically in the presence of IDH1 R132H mutation. Since it has been shown that IDH mutations increase BCL2 dependence in leukemic cells, our results identified a subgroup of patients that is likely to respond to pharmacologic concentrations of ATRA. To conclude, our data provide the preclinical rationale for investigating the use of the combination ATRA and dasatinib in a subgroup of patients who carry IDH1 R132H mutation, in clinical trials. The addition of a BCL2 inhibitor such as ABT-199 would also be considered. Disclosures Off Label Use: ATRA and dasatinib for treatment of non APL AML. Recher:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding.
Published: 2015

33. Remote Monitoring of Mediterranean Hurricanes Using Infrasound

Author: Constantino Listowski, Edouard Forestier, Stavros Dafis, Thomas Farges, Marine De Carlo, Florian Grimaldi, Alexis Le Pichon, Julien Vergoz, Philippe Heinrich, and Chantal Claud
Subjects: medicane, tropical-like Mediterranean cyclone, mesocyclone, hurricane, infrasound, lightning, Science
Abstract: Mediterranean hurricanes, or medicanes, are tropical-like cyclones forming once or twice per year over the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. These mesocyclones pose a serious threat to coastal infrastructure and lives because of their strong winds and intense rainfall. Infrasound technology has already been employed to investigate the acoustic signatures of severe weather events, and this study aims at characterizing, for the first time, the infrasound detections that can be related to medicanes. This work also contributes to infrasound source discrimination efforts in the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. We use data from the infrasound station IS48 of the International Monitoring System in Tunisia to investigate the infrasound signatures of mesocyclones using a multi-channel correlation algorithm. We discuss the detections using meteorological fields to assess the presence of stratospheric waveguides favoring propagation. We corroborate the detections by considering other datasets, such as satellite observations, a surface lightning detection network, and products mapping the simulated intensity of the swell. High- and low-frequency detections are evidenced for three medicanes at distances ranging between 250 and 1100 km from the station. Several cases of non-detection are also discussed. While deep convective systems, and mostly lightning within them, seem to be the main source of detections above 1 Hz, hotspots of swell (microbarom) related to the medicanes are evidenced between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. In the latter case, simulations of microbarom detections are consistent with the observations. Multi-source situations are highlighted, stressing the need for more resilient detection-estimation algorithms. Cloud-to-ground lightning seems not to explain all high-frequency detections, suggesting that additional sources of electrical or dynamical origin may be at play that are related to deep convective systems.
Published: 2022
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34. Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation

Author: Thomas Farges, Patrick Hupe, Alexis Le Pichon, Lars Ceranna, Constantino Listowski, and Adama Diawara
Subjects: lightning, thunder, thunderstorm, infrasound, international monitoring system, semi-annual oscillation, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Every day, about one thousand thunderstorms occur around the world, producing about 45 lightning flashes per second. One prominent infrasound station of the International Monitoring System infrasound network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization for studying lightning activity is in Ivory Coast, where the lightning rate of this region is relatively high. Infrasound defines acoustic waves with frequencies below 20 Hz, the lower limit of human hearing. Statistical results are presented in this paper based on infrasound measurements from 2004 to 2019. One-to-one association between infrasound detections from 0.5 to 5 Hz and lightning flashes detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network within 500 km from the infrasound station is systematically investigated. Most of the infrasound signals detected at IS17 in this frequency band are due to thunder, even if the thunderstorms are located up to 500 km away from the station. A decay of the thunder amplitude with the flash distance, d, is found to scale as d−0.717 for flashes within 100 km from the station, which holds for direct propagation. Interestingly, the stratospheric detections reflect a pattern in the annual azimuth variation, which is consistent with the equatorial stratospheric semi-annual oscillation.
Published: 2021
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35. Electron acceleration above thunderclouds

Author: Martin Füllekrug, Ivana Kolmasova, Ondrej Santolik, Thomas Farges, József Bór, Alec Bennett, Michel Parrot, William Rison, Ferruccio Zanotti, Enrico Arnone, Andrew Mezentsev, Radek Lan, Ludek Uhlir, Giles Harrison, Serge Soula, Oscar van der Velde, Jean-Louis Pinçon, Christiane Helling, and Declan Diver
Subjects: 92.60.Pw, 92.60.Ta, 92.60.Qx, atmospheric electricity, lightning, electromagnetic wave propagation, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The acceleration of electrons results in observable electromagnetic waves which can be used for remote sensing. Here, we make use of ∼4 Hz–66 MHz radio waves emitted by two consecutive intense positive lightning discharges to investigate their impact on the atmosphere above a thundercloud. It is found that the first positive lightning discharge initiates a sprite where electrons are accelerated during the exponential growth and branching of the sprite streamers. This preconditioned plasma above the thundercloud is subsequently exposed to a second positive lightning discharge associated with a bouncing-wave discharge. This discharge process causes a re-brightening of the existing sprite streamers above the thundercloud and initiates a subsequent relativistic electron beam.
Published: 2013
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35 results on '"Thomas Farge"'

1. Adrenomedullin-CALCRL axis controls relapse-initiating drug tolerant acute myeloid leukemia cells

2. Autophagy regulates fatty acid availability for oxidative phosphorylation through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites

3. Inflammation regulates long non-coding RNA-PTTG1-1:1 in myeloid leukemia

4. Mesenchymal stromal cells confer chemoresistance to myeloid leukemia blasts through Side Population functionality and ABC transporter activation

5. C/EBPα Confers Dependence to Fatty Acid Anabolic Pathways and Vulnerability to Lipid Oxidative Stress–Induced Ferroptosis in FLT3 -Mutant Leukemia

6. Supplementary Table S3 from Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

7. Supplementary Table S6 from Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism

8. Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Figures 1 through 18 from Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism

9. Supplementary Data from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

10. Supplementary Figures from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

11. Supplementary Methods from Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

12. In vivo metabolomic study uncovers distinct metabolic phenotypes of host tissues and predicts oxidative state of acute myeloid leukemia

13. C/EBPα confers dependence to fatty acid anabolic pathways and vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress in FLT3-mutant leukemia

14. Mitochondrial inhibitors circumvent adaptive resistance to venetoclax and cytarabine combination therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

15. Activation of Vitamin D Receptor Pathway Enhances Differentiating Capacity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations

16. Mesenchymal stromal cells confer chemoresistance to myeloid leukemia blasts through Side Population functionality and ABC transporter activation

17. Ferritin heavy/light chain (FTH1/FTL) expression, serum ferritin levels, and their functional as well as prognostic roles in acute myeloid leukemia

18. Mitochondrial metabolism supports resistance to IDH mutant inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

19. Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

20. Combinatory therapy targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation improves efficacy of IDH mutant inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia

21. Adrenomedullin-CALCRL Axis Controls Relapse-Initiating Drug Tolerant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

22. Inflammation regulates long non-coding RNA-PTTG1-1:1 in myeloid leukemia

23. Thrombospondin-1 Silencing Improves Lymphocyte Infiltration in Tumors and Response to Anti-PD-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

24. Extracellular ATP and CD39 activate cAMP-mediated mitochondrial stress response to promote cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

25. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Disrupts Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

26. Dendrogenin A Enhances Anti-Leukemic Effect of Anthracycline in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

27. IDH1 Mutation Enhances Catabolic Flexibility and Mitochondrial Dependencies to Favor Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

28. Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia cells are not enriched for leukemic stem cells but require oxidative metabolism

29. Bcl-2 protein family expression pattern determines synergistic pro-apoptotic effects of BH3 mimetics with hemisynthetic cardiac glycoside UNBS1450 in acute myeloid leukemia

30. High mTORC1 activity drives glycolysis addiction and sensitivity to G6PD inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia cells

31. Abstract B06: Studying cytarabine resistance through PDX models in acute myeloid leukemia

32. The Combination of ATRA and Dasatinib for Differentiation Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemias with IDH Mutations

33. Remote Monitoring of Mediterranean Hurricanes Using Infrasound

34. Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation

35. Electron acceleration above thunderclouds

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