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We present the application of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as a technique for characterizing wurtzite (wz) and zincblende (zb) polytypes of GaN grown upon micropatterned Si (001) substrates. The Si substrate is etched to create parallel V-shaped grooves with opposing { 111 } facets before the deposition of GaN. EBSD revealed that wz-GaN growth fronts initially form on the { 111 } Si facets before undergoing a transition from a wurtzite to zincblende structure as the two growth fronts meet. Orientation analysis of the GaN structures revealed that the wz-GaN growth fronts had different growth orientations but shared the same crystallographic relationship with the zb-GaN such that ⊥ { 30 3 ¯ 8 } wz ∥ ⟨ 110 ⟩ zb , ⟨ 11 2 ¯ 0 ⟩ wz ∥ ⟨ 110 ⟩ zb , and ⊥ { 30 3 ¯ 4 } wz ∥ ⟨ 001 ⟩ zb. Furthermore, the crystallographic relationship, { 0001 } wz-GaN ∥ { 111 } zb-GaN ∥ { 111 } Si , and alignment of the wz- and zb-GaN with respect to the Si substrate was investigated. The two wz-GaN ⟨ 0001 ⟩ growth directions were expected to coalesce at an angle of 109.5 ° ; however, measurements revealed an angle of 108 °. The resultant misalignment of 1.5 ° induces misorientation in the zb-GaN crystal lattice. While the degree of misorientation within the zb-GaN lattice is low, < 1 ° , the zb-GaN lattice is deformed and bends toward the wz-GaN interfaces about the specimen direction parallel to the length of the V-groove. Further EBSD measurements over larger areas of the sample revealed that these results were consistent across the sample. However, it was also revealed that additional factors induce changes in the orientation of the zb-GaN lattice, which may relate to the initial growth conditions of the zb-GaN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offering music programs in prisons is one way that artists may contribute to the correctional system's rehabilitative goals. To explore the role music may play in rehabilitating youth in detention, I developed a string program at a Youth Development Center. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the outcomes of implementing the string program at the center. Eight of the program's members, aged 13 to 17 from various cultural backgrounds, volunteered to participate in this study. Data collection included field notes and interviews with the youth and facility staff members. Results showed that the program was beneficial to students and the center. Although students learned to play string instruments, rehearse in an ensemble, and perform in public, they also reported feeling a sense of achievement and increased personal potential. In addition, students and staff members noted students' improved communication skills, increased frustration tolerance, perseverance, and behavior regulation as a result of participating in the string program. Reported benefits to the center included pride in student success, community development within the center, the staff's increased sense of making a difference, and positive press.

Discovery awareness (DA) is an approach to using video within structured meetings to help staff become more mindful, aware and interested in a client they are supporting who has intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. The objective was to evaluate whether, and how, DA is helpful for staff in both inpatient and community settings, and whether it increases self-efficacy in working with people with challenging behaviour. A two-phase mixed method design was employed. For phase 1, forty staff who took part in one of seven single DA meetings completed the Challenging Behaviour Self-Efficacy Scale pre- and post-DA. In addition, post-DA, participants completed an Adapted Helpful Aspects of Therapy Scale (AHAT). For phase 2, six participants completed a follow-up Change Interview; 3-12 weeks after DA. Descriptive statistics reveal participants found events in the DA 'greatly helpful'. The changes identified varied in whether they were expected or not, but were unlikely to occur without DA and 'very important'. Statistical analysis showed no significant changes in self-efficacy following the DA. A thematic analysis on the qualitative data generated by the change interviews and AHAT identified three main themes: Impact on interaction; DA is unique and valuable; and the power of the process. The latter had three subthemes: a structure to facilitate change, making use of the content and reflective space to promote learning. Attendance at a single DA meeting does not increase staff perceptions of self-efficacy, however, staff find the process of DA helpful as it encourages reflection on their interactions with individuals with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour and attuning of their interactions, though further research is needed.

A growing number of schools offer dual-language (DL) programs, where students from two language backgrounds learn together through both languages. Unlike transitional bilingual programs, which use the child's home language [...]

Objective: The study objective was to assess participant weight change for the English National Health Service (NHS) Digital Weight Management Programme, the first such digital intervention to achieve population coverage. Methods: A service evaluation was used to assess intervention effectiveness for adults with obesity and a diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes, between April 2021 and March 2022, using prospectively collected, national service–level data in England. Results: Of the 63,937 referrals made from general practices, within the time period, 31,861 (50%) chose to take up the 12‐week Programme. There were 31,718 participants who had time to finish the Programme; of those, 14,268 completed the Programme (defined as attending ≥60%), a 45% completion rate. The mean weight change for those who had time to finish the Programme was −2.2 kg (95% CI: −2.25 to −2.16), for those who completed it was −3.9 kg (95% CI: −3.99 to −3.84), and for those who had time to finish the Programme but did not complete it was −0.74 kg (95% CI: −0.79 to −0.70). Conclusions: The NHS Digital Weight Management Programme is effective at achieving clinically meaningful weight loss. The outcomes compare favorably to web‐based weight management interventions tested in randomized trials and those delivered as face‐to‐face interventions, and results suggest that the approach may, with increased participation, bring population‐level benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study concerning the production of transportation fuel using catalytic cracking. In the study, oleic acid was used as a model compound and was reacted at 400 degree Celsius on H+ ZSM-5 catalyst. With this, researchers attempt to determine the reaction steps involved in catalytic transformation of an unsaturated fatty acid into green fuels. The results of the study determines that a wide range of products, including paraffins, olefins, and aromatic compounds, were produced on the highly acidic, shape-selective catalyst.