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The rising number of natural gas purification plants has raised concerns about safety and environmental issues related to VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) leakage. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct in-depth research on oil vapor emission patterns in these plants. Taking a typical natural gas purification plant as an example, a 1:1 scale model was established. Using methanol as the simulated medium, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of multiple leaks on the dispersion process of VOCs at the plant, combining field sampling with numerical simulation. The results indicate that wind speed influences the concentration of oil vapor, particularly on the leeward side, where vortex and reflux phenomena occur. The area of high concentration of oil vapor at v = 4 m·s−1 is eight times that at v = 8 m·s−1. Gravity and eddy currents contribute to the accumulation of oil vapor, especially closer to the central area of the plant where surrounding buildings obstruct dispersion. Smaller distances between leakage sources result in higher concentrations of oil vapor in the central region, leading to a larger affected area in the event of an accident. The study holds significant practical significance for the research, prevention, and management of leakage and dispersion incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the expression of specific genes, breast cancer is classified into four molecular types: Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive, and triple negative. By summarizing and analyzing the studies published in the past decade, including the correlation between molecular types of breast cancer and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) patterns, as well as the connection between the TCM constitution and clinical characteristics of different molecular types of breast cancer, this study reveals that there are differences in TCM patterns between different types of breast cancer. Notably, the pattern of liver depression and qi stagnation and the pattern of thoroughfare-controlling vessel disharmony are common contributors to the development of Luminal A and B breast cancer. In patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer, the main pathogenic mechanism is that wind, an exterior pathogen in Chinese medicine, complicated with phlegm and static blood, flows through the channels. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, toxin, phlegm, and static blood are cemented in the channels. Therefore, in TCM-based diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, it is necessary to make targeted changes according to the pathogenesis characteristics of different molecular types based on the core treatment principle of soothing the liver and invigorating the spleen, paying attention to the balance of qi, blood, and yin and yang and achieving accurate TCM differentiation and treatment with the integration of disease differentiation, molecular typing, and pattern differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wei, Dai, Zhang, Wang, Tian, Yan, Jin and Jiang.)

Background and Aims: Liver HCC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The heterogeneity of this malignancy is driven by a wide range of genetic alterations, leading to a lack of effective therapeutic options. In this study, we conducted a systematic multi-omics characterization of HCC to uncover its metabolic reprogramming signature., Approach and Results: Through a comprehensive analysis incorporating transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic investigations, we identified significant changes in metabolic pathways related to glucose flux, lipid oxidation and degradation, and de novo lipogenesis in HCC. The lipidomic analysis revealed abnormal alterations in glycerol-lipids, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingolipid derivatives. Machine-learning techniques identified a panel of genes associated with lipid metabolism as common biomarkers for HCC across different etiologies. Our findings suggest that targeting phosphatidylcholine with saturated fatty acids and long-chain sphingolipid biosynthesis pathways, particularly by inhibiting lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 ( LPCAT1 ) and ceramide synthase 5 ( CERS5 ) as potential therapeutic strategies for HCC in vivo and in vitro. Notably, our data revealed an oncogenic role of CERS5 in promoting tumor progression through lipophagy., Conclusions: In conclusion, our study elucidates the metabolic reprogramming nature of lipid metabolism in HCC, identifies prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, and highlights potential metabolism-related targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)