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The high virulence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria, progression of chronic periodontitis in patients with comorbidities not always treated efficiently with conventional therapies, may result in oral dysbiosis. In this connection, the development of new pathogenetically oriented treatment methods and their improvement is of both theoretical and practical interest to the dental community. Aim: to improve the algorithms for the treatment of periodontitis associated with comorbidities and to assess its effectiveness using an immobilized synbiotic developed by the authors. Methods: clinical, microbiological, analytical, and statistical methods were used in our study. The study included clinical examination and treatment of 93 patients of both genders (37 female and 56 male patients) between 18 and 65 years old with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis. The results confirm the effectiveness of adding the proposed symbiotic to the treatment of chronic periodontitis with underlying gastrointestinal, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases in oral administration to restore the gut microbiota as well as applied locally in the periodontal pocket.

For a long time, the strains Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 have been successfully used as probiotic producers; the conclusions about the possibility of their use, their role and functions in the human body were made empirically based on indirect signs. At present, high-tech equipment and modern research methods allow to conduct a complete study of the properties and characterization of strains; it is regulated by modern regulatory documents. In our work we applied the classical bacteriological method, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry method, NGS whole genome sequencing. The analysis of 27 clones of the strains revealed that they have typical morphological properties and stable biochemical profiles; the lists of ionized protein masses (so-called «strain markers») were determined. The whole genomes of strains deposited by us in GenBank in 2015–2017 were analyzed for the first time; we found that they do not contain pathogenicity genes, integrated plasmids, determinants of transmissible antibiotic resistance, and belong to phylogenetic clusters formed by probiotic-producing strains. It was shown that B. bifidum 1 and B. bifidum 791 have a pronounced ability to consume glycans of intestinal mucus, while B. longum 379 can efficiently consume plant glycans. The genomes of B. bifidum 791 and B. longum 379 strains contain genes for the synthesis of the most important neurometabolites of tryptophan and folic acid; the genome of B. bifidum 791 strain contains genes for the synthesis of lasso peptide and flavucin, class I lantibiotics with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity.

Lactobacillus fermentum 39 is a well-known probiotic strain, which is widely used for production of pharmacopoeial probiotic preparations, dietary supplements, and foodstuffs enriched with probiotic microorganisms. In the course of analysis by transmission electron microscopy, the cell morphology was studied, biochemical properties of the strain and strain-specific characteristics of sugar metabolism were thoroughly analyzed, its full genome was sequenced, and the cluster of genes responsible for exopolysaccharide synthesis was characterized. The cells of Lactobacillus fermentum 39 were shown to be capable of adsorbing rotavirus particles, which allows us to substantiate a new aspect of application of probiotics, including this strain, in acute gastroenteritis caused by human rotaviruses.

Subject of Research. The paper considers analysis of mechanical and optical properties of modern optical polymer materials. We present the result of design and quality characteristics of small magnification telescopic glasses, made of modern optical polymers and intended for application in medicine, production of microelectronic circuits, and jewelry. Method. Calculation of telescopic glasses is carried out according to Galileo scheme on the basis of the automated method of aberration correction. The requirements are fulfilled concerning the necessity exception of additional accommodation of eyes at transition from observation with and without glasses, due to the object and image location in one plane. Main Results. The obtained optical system has diffraction image quality, and the mass of fully polymer glasses is two times lower than that of analogues made of glass. Practical Relevance. Modern optical polymers have advanced mechanical and optical properties, and create the perspective of glass component replacement with polymer ones and fabrication of fully polymeric optical systems with high quality characteristics. At the same time, manufacturing technologies of components made of optical polymers provides to obtain surfaces of complex shape (kinoforms, aspherics, and “freeforms”). Technical problems can be solved associated with the scaling of production, reducing of the assembly labor intensity, updating of the design, reducing of the mass and dimensional properties, and the cost of products.

The microbiological patterns of the passenger cabins of urban public transportation by the example of 41 buses from 16 routes was described for the first time. According to orographic features of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, all the bus routes were divided into three model groups designated as “High-bank,” “Low-bank,” and “Interdistrict.” The abundance of microorganisms and the species composition were estimated using an Autoflex MALDI mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) and the BioTyper software. In the samples collected, 85 microbial species were detected, identified, and assigned to one of the following three groups according to their degree of pathogenicity: (1) opportunistic pathogens often causing infectious diseases; (2) opportunistic pathogens rarely causing infectious diseases, and (3) nonpathogenic microorganisms. To characterize the ecological structure of the microbial community of urban public transport, two similarity indices for the microbiocoenoses studied, the Sorensen binary index and the multidimensional Koch biotic dispersion index, were calculated. The species composition was analyzed at two hierarchical levels of the bus route groups (the intragroup and intergroup ones). At the intragroup level, a small number (1–3) of common species represented by Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and Acinetobacter lwoffii were found in each route group, which corresponds to a low Koch index value (0.1). At the intergroup level, 15 common species of microorganisms were found, which corresponds to the value of the Koch index calculated for the three route groups (0.26), i.e., 26% of species were common for the three route groups analyzed. Species of three groups of microorganisms were most comprehensively represented in the “Interdistrict” group: 45% species of Group 1, 53.8% species of Group 2, and 58.1% species of Group 3. Community structure analysis carried out using ecological indices (Shannon species diversity index, Simpson index of dominance, Margalef species richness index, and Pielou species evenness index) showed that an increase in the species diversity of microbial communities was accompanied by a regular decrease in dominance and an increase in evenness. Analysis of the group of dominant species identified in the buses of the three route groups revealed that the species similarity of the dominant species, estimated by the value of the Koch index, was only 0.14, which could be explained by the presence of only one common species (Acinetobacter lwoffii). Studies of the microbial community of urban transportation present a perspective for solving the sanitary, hygienic, and environmental aspects of the integrated problem of ensuring the ecological safety of the urban environment.

The aim of the investigation was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving programmed hemodialysis treatment and to evaluate the efficacy of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and Methods. Samples of colon microbiota from 62 patients undergoing programmed hemodialysis were studied before and after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, in particular, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. Isolation of microorganisms was carried out according to our original method; for bacteria identification, a MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) was used in the Biotyper program mode. The results were assessed using the criteria proposed by the authors and based on the OST 91500.11.0004-2003. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results. In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis (before the start of the diet therapy), chronic moderate inflammation and azotemia were found. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all the examined patients; in the absence or suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Collinsella spp., Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased, which was consistent with the theory of functional redundancy of gut microbiota. From the answers to the questionnaires, a decrease in the quality of life was found (up to 70 points out of 100) according to six of the eight scales used. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient. There was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR in these patients and an improvement in the quality of life by criteria reflecting physical health. Conclusion. In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis, the addition of a probiotic component in the diet therapy restores the evolutionarily determined structure of the microbiocenosis, normalizes its functions, and leads to an overall improvement in health and quality of life.

In the production of low-alcohol and non-alcoholic beverages, the use of preservatives is allowed, including benzoic acid (BК) and its salts. Standard methods based on high performance liquid chromatography are used to control the content of this preservative. This work presents the results on the determination of benzoic acid in samples of low-alcohol and non-alcoholic products by the spectrophotometric method. Research has been carried out to establish the optimal wavelength when measuring the optical density of benzoic acid solutions. A calibration characteristic has been constructed to determine the mass concentration of benzoic acid, which makes it possible to determine its concentration in the range from 10 mg/dm3 to 500 mg/dm3 of benzoic acid, taking into account dilution. Metrological data have been obtained for constructing a calibration characteristic for the determination of benzoic acid in low-alcohol and non-alcoholic products. It is shown that the results of the determination of this preservative in the indicated products by the spectrophotometric method are comparable with the analogous results obtained using standard methods based on high performance liquid chromatography. The research results became the basis for the developed Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of sorbic and benzoic acids in low-alcohol and non-alcoholic products by the spectrophotometric method. The developed technique allows measuring the mass concentration of benzoic acid in low-alcohol and non-alcoholic products containing only benzoic acid. The spectrophotometric method for determining the mass concentration of BA is a less costly method for determining this preservative in a product than the currently used method of high-performance liquid chromatography, does not require special expensive equipment, additional consumables and specially trained personnel..

Introduction: The problem of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders in dialysis patients remains the most urgent. Risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in CKD and dialysis patients can be conditionally divided into “traditional” (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and “specific” (associated with renal pathology and dialysis procedures). The spectrum of specific factors of cerebrovascular risk in patients with dialysis stage of the CKD includes specific dialysis factors that form during programmed HD, as well as impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcification of the arterial microvasculature, increased blood levels of β2-microglobulin, homocysteine, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, a decrease in the level of nitric oxide (II) metabolites, development of nephrogenic anemia and dysfunction of blood cells, malnutrition and dietary features of patients with renal pathology, accumulation of uremic toxins and toxins of intestinal bacteria, etc. Opportunistic gut microorganisms can produce uremic toxins, which are associated with an increased risk of inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Description of the spectrum of risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology in dialysis patients and effective control over them seems to be an effective strategy aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. The aim of the investigation was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in patients with CKD receiving programmed HD treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and methods: Samples of colon microbiota from 62 patients undergoing programmed hemodialysis were studied before and after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, in particular, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. Isolation of microorganisms was carried out according to our original method; for bacteria identification, a MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) was used in the Biotyper program mode. The results were assessed using the criteria proposed by the authors and based on the OST 91500.11.0004-2003. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results: In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis (before the start of the diet therapy), chronic moderate inflammation and azotemia were found. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all the examined patients; in the absence or suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Collinsella spp., Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased, which was consistent with the theory of functional redundancy of gut microbiota. From the answers to the questionnaires, a decrease in the quality of life was found (up to 70 points out of 100) according to six of the eight scales used. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient. There was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR in these patients and an improvement in the quality of life by criteria reflecting physical health. Conclusion: Acute/chronic CVD in patients with CKD of the pre-dialysis and dialysis periods are the most frequent and formidable complications. The spectrum of “traditional” and “specific” CV risk factors in dialysis patients will be described in the chapter. Special attention will be paid to the intestinal microbiota and opportunistic intestinal microorganisms. The aim was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in HD patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and Methods. Samples of colon microbiota from 62 HD patients were studied before/after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer was used in the Biotyper program mode. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all patients; in the absence/suppression of lacto-and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp.,Clostridium spp.,Collinsella spp.,Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient.

В статье рассматривается роль педагога в создании благоприятного психоэмоционального состояния детей в детском саду. Во главе угла при этом ставятся индивидуальные потребности каждого ребенка.

At present, the Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4 strain is widely used for production of probiotics, dietary supplements, and food. It is for this reason that it is topical to study this strain using modern molecular genetic methods. The biochemical properties of the strain were examined using the API 50 CHL test system (BioMerieux, France), genome sequencing was carried out using the MiSeq (Illumina) platform, and de novo genome assembly was performed using the Spades, MIRA 4.0, and Newbler 2.6 software. Genome annotation was carried out with the help of the Prokka v. 1.11 utility and RAST and BASys genomic servers. The main characteristics of the L. fermentum 90 TC-4 genome were established. It was proven that the genome does not have any determinants of pathogenicity, virulence or antibiotic resistance. It was shown that the low saccharolytic ability of the strain is associated with the absence of appropriate transport systems—the sucrose-specific phosphonolpyruvate system PTS_ScrA and ribose-specific RbsD permease—as well as several enzymes. The CRISPR-Cas locus of the strain was analyzed, unique spacers (which in future can be used for strain indication) were revealed, and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of the strain were studied. Using the MLST scheme presented in the scientific literature, allelic profiles of housekeeping genes were established. It was also found that the allelic profile obtained for the L. fermentum 90 TC-4 strain does not correspond to any of the previously described sequence types. Since L. fermentum 90 TC-4 does not have determinants of antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity, virulence, or integrated plasmids, the strain does not pose any hazard in terms of spread of these determinants and can be used as a probiotic producer strain. The observed features of the CRISPR locus and allelic profile can further be used to indicate the strain.

Genomic sequences were studied for two Escheriсhiacoli strains: an industrial strain E. coli M-17 and a newly isolated high-technology strain E. coli BM. E. coli M-17 was confirmed to possess the species-specific biochemical profile; transmissive genes of antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity, and virulence, as well as integrated plasmids were not revealed. The sequence type of the strain was found to be ST141. E. coli ВM was found to possess decreased enzymatic activity. Its genome was found to contain determinants for antibiotic resistance (strA, strB, sul2, aadA1), several pathogenicity and virulence determinants, the Tn7 transposon, and fragments of incorporated plasmids (IncFIB and Col156). The strain was found to belong to the tenth sequence type, ST-10. These results indicate that E. coli strain M-17 satisfies all modern requirements to probiotic-producing strains, while due to genomic properties of E. coli ВM this strain may not be considered industrially promising for production of probiotic preparations, in spite of its good technological characteristics. Complete genome sequences of the strains E. coli M-17 and E. coli ВM were deposited to GenBank under accession nos. NZ_LBDD00000000 and NZ_LBDC00000000, respectively.

Purpose. The aim of this work was to analyze the complete genome of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 8 RA 3, Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4, Lactobacillus fermentum 39, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 and to test their activity against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Methods. To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the bacterial strains, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and biochemical test systems were used. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Inc. MiSeq platform. To determine the antiviral activity, A/Lipetsk/1V/2018 (H1N1 pdm09) (EPI_ISL_332798) and A/common gull/Saratov/1676/2018 (H5N6) (EPI_ISL_336925) influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 virus strain Australia/VIC01/2020 (GenBank: MT007544.1) were used. Results. All studied probiotic bacteria are nonpathogenic for humans and do not contain the determinants of transmission-type antibiotic resistance and integrated plasmids. Resistance to antibiotics of different classes is explained by the presence of molecular efflux pumps of the MatE and MFS families. Cultures of L. fermentum 90 TC 4, L. plantarum 8 RA 3, and B. bifidum 791 showed a pronounced activity against influenza A viruses in MDCK cells. Activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus was demonstrated only by the L. fermentum 90 TC 4 strain in VERO cells. Conclusions. The studied probiotic bacteria are safe, have antiviral activity, and are of great importance for the prevention of diseases caused by respiratory viruses that can also infect the human intestine.