Search

This research aims to assess the financial independence of the Mamuju Regency Government and determine the factors that influence it. This research uses Mamuju Regency Regional Government Financial Report data for 2013 - 2023. The research method uses a qualitative case study approach by analyzing the development of Regional Original Income (PAD) Mamuju Regency acquisition from 2013 to 2023 as well as the contribution of PAD acquisition to Regional Income, then analyzing the development of Regency Transfer Income acquisition Mamuju and the proportion of its revenues to Regional Revenue from 2013 to 2023 in order to determine the level of dependence on funds from other governments (central and provincial), then calculate the Fiscal Independence Index value and classify the calculation results. The financial independence of the Mamuju District Government in the last 10 years, namely 2013- 2023, is included in the "Not Yet Independent" classification with an average value of 0.0705. Analysis of the IKF trend, there are fluctuations in the IKF value in the Mamuju Regency Regional Government, but in the last three years, the trend shows an increase or is positive. Factors that hinder regional financial independence in the Regional Government of Mamuju Regency are the lack of acquisition of Regional Original Income (PAD) and the high level of dependence on central transfer income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar o impacto do programa Cartão Mais Infância Ceará (CMIC) no desempenho escolar, nos exames do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (SPAECE) de português e matemática de alunos pertencentes a famílias beneficiárias desse programa entre os anos de 2018 e 2019. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método de Diferenças-em-Diferenças em conjunto com o escore de propensão nos moldes propostos por Blundell e Dias (2009), adequado para estruturas de dados de cross sections repetidos. Os resultados indicam que pertencer a uma família beneficiária do CMIC está associado, em média, a um desempenho aproximadamente de 11,63% e 11,52% maior nos exames SPAECE de português e matemática, respectivamente, em relação aos alunos que não pertencem a famílias atingidas pelo programa.

From 2019 to 2020, the Mexican economy declined for two consecutive years, especially in the last one when it was hit by a decline of 8.4% before the COVID-19 pandemic impacts which was not only one of the worst in the OECD club, but also the deepest economic recession since 1932 in the national history. At the same time, both the number of people in poverty and poverty rate in 2020 have increased compared with those registered in 2018. Through the analysis, we can find that the current Mexican government has increased the intensity and scope of the implementation of social relief policies adhered to the principal of “for the good of all, first the poor (Por el bien de todos, Primero los pobres).” However, in the context of recession caused by the COVID-19, neither the general decrease in residents' income could be avoided, nor the number of people in poverty has been reduced. Besides, in accordance with the benefits obtained by the distinct household deciles based on the income and expenditure survey published by INEGI, it showed that the implementation of government relief measures has relatively reduced the support for the low-income people and further aggravated the deterioration of poverty due to its indifferent application with respect to high-income households and the low-income ones. Therefore, the deficiencies in the response implemented in the face of the epidemic, especially poverty alleviation actions and social relief policies, have further enhanced the poverty problem at least partially. In this sense, recover and improve the economic growth rate as soon as possible will not enough to reduce the poverty, and it should be accompanied by the necessary adjustments in the poverty alleviation measures and social relief policies, especially with a focalized approach inclined to the low-income segments of the population.

South Africa faces persistent challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality. Recently, there has been growing literature trying to effectively address such challenges as the livelihood strategies of the poor need to be adequately understood. This article studied the livelihood strategies and diversification among the poor in South Africa using two data sets, namely the Statistics South Africa General Household Survey 2016 (GHS) and the Programme to Support Pro-poor Policy Development (PSPPD II)-University of Fort Hare (UFH) Economics survey. The study measured welfare using per capita income standardised by the adult equivalence scale (AES) which accounts for intra-household variations in members’ access to household’s resources and therefore corrects for economies of scale. Logistic regression techniques were employed to test the stated hypotheses. The GHS 2016-based results are in line with the sustainable livelihood framework, which posits that households need access to different sets of assets to sustain livelihoods. In this context, access to different assets has been shown to increase the probability of engaging in high-value strategies that will ensure sustainability of livelihoods. The PSPPD-UFH Economics data collaborate GHS-based results, showing that assets’ access deprivation increases the odds of relying on non-labour income (like social grants) than engaging in high-value strategy (no farming income). Male-headed households and those with greater access to financial capital are more diversified.

South Africa faces persistent challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality. Recently, there has been growing literature trying to effectively address such challenges as the livelihood strategies of the poor need to be adequately understood. This article studied the livelihood strategies and diversification among the poor in South Africa using two data sets, namely the Statistics South Africa General Household Survey 2016 (GHS) and the Programme to Support Pro-poor Policy Development (PSPPD II)-University of Fort Hare (UFH) Economics survey. The study measured welfare using per capita income standardised by the adult equivalence scale (AES) which accounts for intra-household variations in members' access to household's resources and therefore corrects for economies of scale. Logistic regression techniques were employed to test the stated hypotheses. The GHS 2016-based results are in line with the sustainable livelihood framework, which posits that households need access to different sets of assets to sustain livelihoods. In this context, access to different assets has been shown to increase the probability of engaging in high-value strategies that will ensure sustainability of livelihoods. The PSPPD-UFH Economics data collaborate GHS-based results, showing that assets' access deprivation increases the odds of relying on non-labour income (like social grants) than engaging in high-value strategy (no farming income). Male-headed households and those with greater access to financial capital are more diversified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the association of cognitive impairment with the transfer income of the elderly. Cognitive disorder was examined using K-MMSE (Korean mini-mental state examination) in the elderly aged 65 and over who were admitted to the Department of Neurology A and Department of Psychiatry B in Suwon City and Osan City, Gyeonggi-do Province. The transfer income is comprised of private income transfers and public transfer incomes. This survey was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 and a total of 214 questionnaires were received. Except for 7 unsuitable questionnaires, the rest of the 207 were analyzed with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 20.0. In the correlation analysis of transfer income, there was a statistically significant proportional relation of various allowances, national pension, property income, basic pension, special occupational pension, and personal pension, respectively. Only the basic livelihood security recipients showed an inverse proportional relation. Multiple regression analysis was done to examine the effects of private income transfer on cognitive impairment. The result was that there was a statistically significant proportional relation on various allowance money and property income, respectively. The explanatory power of the model was 31.9%. The public income transfer showed a statistically significant proportional relation in the national pension, special occupation pension, and basic pension, sr. The basic livelihood pension had a statistically significant inverse proportional relation and the explanatory power of the model was 31.1%. The effect of transfer income of the elderly on cognitive impairment was confirmed. The study of public transfer income is necessary to provide alternatives to the existing mental health policy for the elderly. Through more detailed and accurate research using cohort and other types of studies, various approaches to public transfer income of the elderly are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose A total of 243 Danish female sewing machine operators lost their jobs in 1996 because of outsourcing. The aim was to investigate the employment status during follow-up from 1996 to 2008, and to estimate to what extent former neck–shoulder pain had an impact on later work participation. Methods Assessment of neck–shoulder pain was based on questionnaires completed in 1994. The Danish Register-Based Evaluation of Marginalization (DREAM) register was used to describe employment status during the follow-up period. Register data were explored by sequence analyses and graphics, and the association between neck–shoulder pain and work participation was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results In all, 987 working years were lost during follow-up, and a sequence index plot revealed interrupted and heterogeneous courses of incomes. The odds ratio between neck and shoulder pain and a work participation score less than 75% was 1.49 (95% CI 0.84–2.67). Conclusions After outsourcing of the textile industry, the former sewing machine operators had decreased work participation and frequent transitions between different income types. Previous neck–shoulder pain tended to be associated with poor work participation. The results suggest that increased attention should be to given to dismissed workers from other industries that become outsourced, especially unskilled workers with similar work-related health limitations. Additionally, we concluded that time-to-event measures in research involving employment status are insufficient because of the many transitions that take place in working life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo analiza las medidas orientadas a transferir ingresos a los hogares (con adultos mayores y niños) en Argentina en el período 2003-2013. Para ello reconstruye estos diez años en dos grandes etapas, identificando una intermedia considerada “de transición”. Este trabajo sostiene que un análisis sobre el conjunto de transferencias de ingresos debe detenerse en los mecanismos institucionales que posibilitaron el incremento de la cobertura para pensar no solo la capacidad para sostenerla en el tiempo, sino las consecuencias de una oferta política fragmentada. ---- This article discusses the measures to transfer income to the households (elderly and chil- dren) in Argentina between 2003-2013. This reconstructs these ten years in two stages, identifying an intermediate considered “transitional”. The other hypothesis guiding this paper is that an analysis of the set of income transfers should be focused on the institutional mechanisms that allowed increased coverage, which means thinking not only their ability to maintain the coverage achieved but the consequences of a fragmented political offer.

This study aimed to evaluate a program of income distribution in Brazil (Family Grant Program, FGP) using a quasi experiment in shantytowns in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Questionnaires, which contained questions regarding the three main axes of the program, were personally administered to 281 program participants and 249 non-participants (control group) in either their homes or in public spaces of the shantytowns. The results of several statistical tests (t-test, correlation and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test) identified significant differences between the groups of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, which signal a positive influence of the FGP, including increases in the number of daily meals and family income. However, some conditionalities of the program are not being fulfilled.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de distribuição de renda no Brasil (programa de bolsa família, FGP) usando um quasi-experimento em favelas na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Questionários, que continha perguntas sobre os três eixos principais do programa, foram administradas pessoalmente a 281 programa participantes e 249 não-participantes (grupo controle) em qualquer de suas casas ou em circulam normalmente espaços públicos em favelas. Os resultados de vários testes estatísticos (teste t, correlação e teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney) identificaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos de beneficiários e não beneficiários, que sinalizam uma influência positiva da FGP, incluindo aumentos no número de refeições diárias e renda familiar. No entanto, algumas condicionalidades do programa não estão a ser cumpridas.

The distribution of income equally is an important issue as well as size of the income in an economy. The economies where income is not distributed equally live numerous socio-economic problems. The studies related to income distribution focus on personal income, employ Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve as dimension of income distribution. Transfer expenditures paid by government to people who have no income or low income umequitedly in order to achieve social justice expresses social transfer income for the person who receives the payment. hi tins study, we obtain the personal pre-transfer and post-transfer income equal to household's prc-transfer and post-transfer income and Gini coefficient is calculated and the effect of social transfer income on income distribution is analyzed by employing unemployment payments, elderly income, widow and orphan income, disease income, disability income and scholarship income. According to results obtained from analysis. Gini coefficient belonging to post-transfer period is lower than Gini coefficient belonging to pre-transfer period, hi the light of this result, it is possible to imply that social transfer income is an efficient social policy instrument in order to reduce income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the measures to transfer income to the households (elderly and children) in Argentina between 2003-2013. This reconstructs these ten years in two stages, identifying an intermediate considered "transitional". The other hypothesis guiding this paper is that an analysis of the set of income transfers should be focused on the institutional mechanisms that allowed increased coverage, which means thinking not only their ability to maintain the coverage achieved but the consequences of a fragmented political offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reflects on the contribution of Bolsa Família Program to the confrontation of poverty and an increased autonomy of beneficiary subjects. Quantitative data were collected with 103 beneficiary families, supplemented with qualitative interviews with professionals and families. Among the deprivation forms (education, health, work and income, etc.), education has proved to be the deprivation aspect which obtained the best results in the perception of families in search for autonomy. Participation in social support activities has a direct effect on the perception of family improved situation; however, the participation of families showed to be incipient. These activities contribute to develop autonomy and they may be understood as the main program mechanism for people to find the "exit doors". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2019 to 2020, the Mexican economy declined for two consecutive years, especially in the last one when it was hit by a decline of 8.4% before the COVID-19 pandemic impacts which was not only one of the worst in the OECD club, but also the deepest economic recession since 1932 in the national history. At the same time, both the number of people in poverty and poverty rate in 2020 have increased compared with those registered in 2018. Through the analysis, we can find that the current Mexican government has increased the intensity and scope of the implementation of social relief policies adhered to the principal of "for the good of all, first the poor (Por el bien de todos, Primero los pobres)." However, in the context of recession caused by the COVID-19, neither the general decrease in residents' income could be avoided, nor the number of people in poverty has been reduced. Besides, in accordance with the benefits obtained by the distinct household deciles based on the income and expenditure survey published by INEGI, it showed that the implementation of government relief measures has relatively reduced the support for the low-income people and further aggravated the deterioration of poverty due to its indifferent application with respect to high-income households and the low-income ones. Therefore, the deficiencies in the response implemented in the face of the epidemic, especially poverty alleviation actions and social relief policies, have further enhanced the poverty problem at least partially. In this sense, recover and improve the economic growth rate as soon as possible will not enough to reduce the poverty, and it should be accompanied by the necessary adjustments in the poverty alleviation measures and social relief policies, especially with a focalized approach inclined to the low-income segments of the population., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shuying and Xuedong.)

This study aimed to evaluate a program of income distribution in Brazil (Family Grant Program, FGP) using a quasi experiment in shantytowns in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Questionnaires, which contained questions regarding the three main axes of the program, were personally administered to 281 program participants and 249 non-participants (control group) in either their homes or in public spaces of the shantytowns. The results of several statistical tests (t-test, correlation and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test) identified significant differences between the groups of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, which signal a positive influence of the FGP, including increases in the number of daily meals and family income. However, some conditionalities of the program are not being fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]