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This paper analyses the metal transfer process dynamics to assess how weld pool, laser source and filler wire interact to establish a stable and smooth deposition. The investigation led to the definition of suitable manufacturing settings and process parameters. Satisfactory geometrical and microstructural properties were achieved for a 15-layer titanium alloy wall.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid and sprayed polymer cement mortar (PCM) has been widely applied to retrofit and strengthen concrete structures. This paper focused on the stress transfer and failure mechanism between the concrete and CFRP grid with sprayed PCM. Pull-out tests of the single grid point in CFRP grid and plate-type specimens consisting of concrete, PCM and CFRP grid were carried out. Types of CFRP grids, grid interval and whether or not to use primer were selected as analysis parameters. The maximum tensile loads, failure modes and strains in the CFRP grid were obtained. The stress transfer process was investigated through analysis of the changing process for the resistant action of horizontal grid and the bond action of vertical grid. The stress transfer mode and its influence parameters were investigated based on the strain share ratios of grid points. In addition, the failure mechanisms of specimens were discussed through mechanical analysis. The research results indicated that the tensile strength of grid point was no more than 50% of the tensile strength of CFRP grid. The stress transfer mode was not constant, and it would gradually change with the increase of tensile load. The failure mechanism of the specimen could be evaluated based on the difference among the ultimate tensile action of CFRP grid, bond capacity between concrete and PCM with CFRP grid and the anchorage capacity of CFRP grid in the PCM. In order to make full use of the tensile strength of CFRP grid, the bond capacity between concrete and PCM with CFRP grid and the anchorage capacity of CFRP grid in the PCM should be larger than the ultimate tensile action of CFRP grid.

A bi-level optimization model of synchronous transfer between bus lines and rural passenger lines was established after analysing the transfer mode. The target of upper optimization is minimum travel time on transfer paths, and the target of lower optimization is maximum bus meeting time at valid transfer stations. A heuristic algorithm was applied to solve the model, and the departure times with synchronous transfer were determined. Case analysis was performed by taking the edge and internal synchronous transfer modes as examples. Results show that the model can realize synchronous transfer between bus lines and rural passenger lines and obtain the satisfied departure times.

Liquid bridge transfer mode is most favourable deposition pattern in laser wire deposition. However, the thermal fluid dynamics has not been well understood. In this paper, we systematically invest...

The bypass coupling technique was employed on twin-wire indirect arc welding (TWIAW) to improve its penetration. In bypass coupling twin-wire indirect arc welding, the cathode current can be adjusted by changing the cathode-wire feeding speed. The melting efficiency increases with the cathode-wire current. At the same total current, the deposition and dilution rates of twin-wire indirect arc welding with bypass coupling is twice and a third those of conventional gas metal arc welding, respectively, which are good for low-heat input welding, such as surfacing. High-speed camera observation indicated that the cathode droplet transfer mode changes from free transfer to contact transfer with the increase of the cathode-wire current. The repulsion force of the anode droplet to the cathode wire increases with the increase of the cathode-wire current.

The wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process directly and locally adds materials to fabricate metal components in a layer-by-layer manner. In this study, pulsed arc and non-pulsed arc were used in WAAM process of aluminum alloys. Arc information in manufacturing was used to identify the droplet transfer in projected transfer mode. A calculation method was proposed to analyze the arc pulse effect on the droplet transfer. As a result, it was found that the pulsed arc can achieve higher droplet transfer frequency and the size of the droplet in the pulsed arc is smaller than that in the non-pulsed arc. In addition, the manufacturing efficiency in pulsed arc is higher than that in non-pulsed arc at the similar arc power because of high deposition rate. Although the pulsed arc is more suitable for the WAAM of aluminum alloy than non-pulsed arc, the arc force acting on the droplet in pulsed arc is greater than that in non-pulsed arc. The arc force increases with the increase of the arc power, which is likely to cause the collapse of the materials accumulation layer. Therefore, it is necessary to use a smaller pulsed arc power in WAAM process of aluminum alloys as long as the arc power meets the requirement of manufacturing efficiency.

The propagation, or movement, of a conformational kink along a linear structure can occur in capture, transfer, or multireflection modes. Here we use a model for two-component bistable polymer molecules with energetically non-equivalent stable states to model the propagation of the DNA transcription bubble via movement of a non-linear longitudinal stretching region along the DNA chain. We show that under certain conditions the longitudinal excitation can act as a reflector for a conformational kink and, furthermore, that conformational switching may propagate in a multireflection mode alongside conformational kink transition and conformational kink trapping.

International audience; Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate herbicide that is rapidly growing in use due to the progressive bioresistance of weeds to certain pesticides and the ban and/or limitation of others. However, the use of prosulfocarb is only recent, and the relevant literature is scarce. The environmental and food impact of prosulfocarb has already been observed, and its transfer mode from targeted crops to untargeted parcels has been investigated. This expertise highlights the volatilization effect to explain the pollution of lone parcels and hedge inefficiency against residue spreads.

We study the problem of computing public transit traffic assignments in a multi-modal setting: Given a public transit timetable, an additional unrestricted transfer mode (in our case walking), and a set of origin-destination pairs, we aim to compute the utilization of every vehicle in the network. While it has been shown that considering unrestricted transfers can significantly improve journeys, computing such journeys efficiently remains algorithmically challenging. Since traffic assignments require the computation of millions of shortest paths, using a multi-modal network has previously not been feasible. A recently proposed approach (ULTRA) enables efficient algorithms with UnLimited TRAnsfers at the cost of a short preprocessing phase. In this work we combine the ULTRA approach with a state-of-the-art assignment algorithm, making multi-modal assignments practical. Careful algorithm engineering results in a new public transit traffic assignment algorithm that even outperforms the algorithm it builds upon, while enabling unlimited walking which has not been considered previously. We conclude our work with an extensive evaluation of the algorithm, showing its versatility and efficiency. On our real world instance, the algorithm computes over 15 million unique journeys in less than 17 seconds., 11 pages, 6 figures

The study investigated laser welding with filler wire to determine the effects of wire feeding modes and the height of intersection of the wire and the beam (H) on weld geometry and droplet transfer. Droplet transfer behavior was investigated using high-speed imaging. The results showed that the wire melting changed with wire feeding. The leading wire melted completely and the welding depth and width were greater due to higher levels of energy available to heat the plate in the weld pool. The transfer mode changed to liquid bridge transfer and globular transfer with increased H value. With increasing H, the frequency of droplet transfer and the droplet size varied. At 2 mm H, the droplet transfer was very stable resulting in optimum welding.

The electrical contact of metal-semiconductor (M-S) interface is normally evaluated using dc measurements like transfer of length model and volume transfer mode model. Preparation of these measurements needs high grade infrastructural facilities. Moreover, in the thin and nano-structure presences of surface states at the M-S interface perturb the dc results and led to the apparent conclusion. Influence of the surface states can be eliminated using the ac measurements. Considering M-S interface as a leaky capacitance a mathematical model has been developed in the present paper. Measuring M-S capacitance in three semiconducting films, e.g., n-Si, p-CdTe, and p-Cu2O and substituting these values in the developed model various parameters of the interface were evaluated. Results obtained by this method were compared with the results from dc measurements and these were comparable with each other. The scope of this paper is the application of this method to the laboratories lacking in high grade infrastructure.

Based on the network embedding theory, cluster enterprises embedded in a social network can be divided into those based either on relational or structural embeddings. We use different indicators to measure how the characteristics of embeddedness in networks affect the interregional industry transfer stickiness and choice of transfer mode in China. We measure an enterprise’s network and structure characteristics, and adopt a multiple linear regression using survey data to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that the greater the relationship strength and relationship stability, the stronger the transfer stickiness and the more inclined enterprises are to choosing the partial transfer mode. Similarly, the greater the network density and network centrality, the stronger the transfer stickiness and the more inclined enterprises are to choosing partial transfers. Conversely, the higher the network heterogeneity, the weaker the transfer stickiness, meaning that enterprises tend to choose the overall transfer mode.

To classify the high-speed railway transfer nodes, an improved gray whitenization weight function clustering method based on the entropy weight theory was proposed, the evaluation capability defects and the subjectification of weight determination of conventional methods were solved. Main Chinese high-speed railway passenger terminals were divided into preferred network transfer node, sub-selection regional transfer node, general local transfer node, and non-choice transfer node, which account for about 12%, 20%, 44% and 24% respectively. This classification method could lay foundation for the study of high-speed railway transfer mode.

In this study, to make clear the phenomena of the gas metal arc welding process more deeply, a simulation model including both the arc plasma and the metal transfer phenomena is constructed and influence of the arc current is numerically investigated. The simulation model used in this study considered the iron vapor generating from the high-temperature metal surface and surface deformation of the molten metal as the interaction between the arc plasma and the molten metal. The simulation result shows that the molten wire glows largely at the wire tip when the arc current is low. On the other hand, for the high arc current, small droplet detaches from the wire tip. These simulation results of the behavior of the molten metal show good agreement with the experimental results. The balance of the driving force acting on the molten metal at the wire tip is very important to determine the molten metal behavior, and when influence of the electromagnetic force becomes stronger than that of the surface tension, the transfer mode is changed. In addition, simulation and experiment are carried out using the same pulsed current, these results of the arc plasma and the molten metal show good agreement. Therefore, the simulation model constructed in this study can describe the phenomena depending on the arc current. These results show that there are possibilities to be able to predict the behavior in gas metal arc welding process and optimize the current profile by the simulation model for controlling the gas metal arc welding phenomena.

In order to obtain an optimal combination of welding parameters to weld an aluminum alloy (6082-T6) with MIG (Metal Inert Gas) it was used an L27 Taguchi orthogonal array. The array originated 27 different combinations that gives rise to 27 welding programs for the metal pulsed spray mode. The welds were made in aluminum bars using an industrial robot. All welds were repeated three times to ensure string repeatability. Metallographic tests were performed on the weld beads for measuring the width bead, penetration and reinforcement. Measurement data was analyzed for signal/noise and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Applying the Taguchi’s method, an optimal combination of welding parameters was reached. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper proposes an innovative on-Chip bus transfer mode - the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) state transfer (AS) and a performance evaluation methodology to estimate the transfer performance. By modeling and collecting several performance metrics including bus latency, bandwidth, valid bandwidth, power and energy consumption using the methodology, it enhances fidelity of the performance analysis and evaluation. As a case study, we formally complete the hardware implementation flow on Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB), Advanced eXensible Interface 4 (AXI4) and AS bus (ASBUS) DMA, and demonstrate high estimation accuracy by comparing all the experimental results. Both static analysis and hardware implementation results show that the data transfer latency is close to 29% of AHB and 58% of AXI4 by using the AS transfer. Moreover, it is observed that this high-efficiency transfer mode of ASBUS helps to enhance the valid data bandwidth to around 3.4 times that of AHB and 1.7 times that of AXI4, and the energy consumption of ASBUS is only a half of AHB and AXI4. Furthermore, the proposed evaluation methodology is effectively used with sufficient accuracy (the average estimation error: 3.3%) in the design flow. A high-performance on-Chip bus transfer- the AES state transfer (AS) is proposed.The ASBUS is suitable to IoT devices which should be low-cost and low-energy.An on-chip bus performance evaluation methodology is proposed.The methodology helps architects to runtime estimate transfer performance.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences in performance between the variables door attacks in a soccer game, and that have a statistically significant contribution to the achievement of positive results in the competition. We analyzed three matches played between the two elite soccer clubs in Serbia 'Partisan' Belgrade, and 'Cukaricki' Belgrade in the season 2014/2015. An analysis has been done of attack types (continuous, fast attack and counter attack) and their finals at goal or achieving a goal. Results of the analysis showed that the highest representation are interrupted and unrealized continuous team attacks (CTA) compared to a much smaller number of efficient fast attacks (FA) and the counter-attack (CA), i.e. prevailed a lot slower transfer mode (transition) balls, compared to its much faster the flow, the observed matches. It can be concluded that the greatest statistical differences were found in the variables ineffective attacks (IA), value of 10.5 and effective attacks (EA), value of 9, while the lowest statistical difference was found in the variable ineffective attacks with kick the ball outside the goal ICA(KBOTG), value of 1.5. These data correspond to the practical situation, because the observation of which, with the greatest certainty determines the winner of a soccer match.

This paper analyzes the impact of family firms' past and future economic viability on the incumbents' decision on the business transfer mode. Using the German IAB Establishment Panel and estimating logistic regression models we show that the decision on the business transfer mode rather depends on the expected future performance than on the past one. Moreover, family businesses that are exclusively managed by their owners are more likely to be planning an intra-family succession. However, ambiguity about the future performance overrides the original intention and induces the incumbents to sell the business.

The research results upon the application of the existing information transmission methods in polymodal info communication systems are presented herein. The analysis of the existing commutation ways and multiplexing schemes has revealed that modern means of telecommunication are capable of providing polymodal information delivery with the required quality to the customer correspondent terminal. Under these conditions substantial capacity resource consumption in the data transmission networks with a simultaneous static time multiplexing is required, however, it is easier to achieve the modality synchronization within that kind of an infrastructure. The data networks with a static time multiplexing demand employing more sophisticated supporting algorithms of the guaranteed data blocks delivery quality. However, due to the stochastic data blocks delays modality synchronizing during the off-line processing is more difficult to provide. Nowadays there are objective preconditions for a data networking realization which is invariable to the applied transmission technology. This capability is defined by a wide (person-to-person) application of the optical technologies in the transport infrastructure of the polymodal info communication systems. In case of the availability of the customer terminal and networking functioning matching mode it becomes possible to organize channels in the latter which can adaptively select the most effective networking technology according to the current volume allocation and modality types in the messages.

The paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the performance of built-up columns made by four FRP pultruded channel shapes connected through steel bolts along the length. The experimental investigation gives prominence to the different structural behavior of this kind of column in the case of the load applied only to the composed web – two of the four channels – and the case of the load applied to the overall cross-section, aspect that strongly influences the transfer mode of stresses. The experimental outcomes are used to check the available formulas to calculate the reduced length and the critical load and are compared to the results of an appropriate FE analysis. The results of the investigation put in evidence, in particular, the effectiveness of the built-up technique in presence of pultruded FRP elements, the significant influence of the mode of load application on the performance of the columns and the interaction between local and global buckling. The influence of the type of connection between the members and of the material shear deformability on the buckling behavior of the columns is also investigated.

Nano Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions with different weight percentage of Cu2O were fabricated by a facile impregnating method for propane oxidation at room temperature. The results indicate that the as-formed Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions can remarkably improve the propane photooxidation activity. Especially, for the 0.1 wt% Cu2O decorated TiO2 junctions, the activity was triple of that of the commercial P25. Moreover, the stability of Cu2O was significantly improved during the HC photooxidation. A direct Z scheme electrons and holes transfer mode was suggested to account for the improved activity as well as stability of the junctions. This study may provide a new way to improve photocatalytic activities by utilizing cheap and less stable materials.

With the increasingly widespread attention on the construction of urban rail transit in big cities, it has aroused general concern about the normative and elaborative design of rail transit stations. Which becomes focal point of the research of urban rail transit is how to design effective and beautiful rail transit stations with legible and reasonable streamline organization. This paper focuses on the instance analysis on the design of foreign and domestic stations with multiple lines of urban rail transit at first. After the rail transit lines are classified into parallel and intersectant lines, the applicability and functional characters of urban rail transit transfer modes are summarized and concluded particularly with the line location modes, which is expected to provide references for the design of urban rail transit stations in China.

A novel ternary Z-scheme system of WO3@MoS2/CdS is successfully constructed using a three-step wet-chemical route, where MoS2 locates between the rod-shaped WO3 and CdS nanoparticles and simultaneously plays multiple roles of the charge transfer mode switcher, electron-hole mediator and cocatalyst. As a charge transfer mode switcher, MoS2 can transform the conventional type-Ⅱ charge transfer mode to Z-scheme. In such a Z-scheme system, as an electron-hole mediator, MoS2 is applied to quench the energy of the electrons from WO3 and the holes from CdS in shorten length, and thus the more left electrons from CdS can transfer to MoS2, which can be further applied to photocatalytic evolution H2 owing to the cocatalyst role of MoS2. Benefitting from the multifunctional roles of MoS2, such a Z-scheme system of WO3@MoS2/CdS shows an enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Although nanotechnology processes greatly in recent years, defects are still unavoidable in the production of CNTs and relevant structures, which remarkably reduce their theoretical high-performance. In this study, the influence of defects on the mechanical and fracture performances of SCNT, a CNT-based honeycomb structure, are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. Defects are revealed to reduce the bearing capacities of SCNTs and the reducing degree significantly relies on both the defect position and the SCNT structure. Defects also modify the cracking path of SCNTs and slow down the fracture propagation, especially for zigzag SCNT. Essentially, defects bring force concentration near the defective area, resulting in the local early fracture. Yet the force concentration degrees of the armchair and zigzag SCNTs are affected by different mechanisms. The force concentration degree of armchair SCNT is displacement-controlled, but that of zigzag SCNT is determined by the force redistribution. The underlying reason for controlling the influence of defect is found to be the force transfer mode of the armchair and zigzag SCNT. With the fact that defects widely exit in the CNT-based networks, this investigation could provide valuable information for the practical applications of CNT-based structures.

Underwater wet welding technology is widely used. Because the stability of droplet transfer in underwater wet welding is poor, the feasibility of improving the droplet transfer mode has been discussed from various technical directions. In this work, the characteristics of pulsating wire feeding were studied in the pulsating wire feeding mode by investigating the effects of changing the pulsating frequency, the wire withdrawal speed, and the wire withdrawal quantity on the droplet transfer process and the welding quality. With the aim of improving weld forming and welding stability, the authors selected the coefficient of variation and the ratio of unstable droplet transfer as the indexes to evaluate the effect of droplet transfer control. The pulsating wire feeding process of underwater wet flux-cored wire was analyzed in depth, and the following conclusions were drawn: using the pulsating wire feeding mode and after comparing and analyzing the pulsed wire feeding process under the same frequency condition, the authors found that the forming and stability were better under the conditions of slower withdrawal speed and smaller withdrawal quantity. The short-circuit transition ratio decreased steadily with the increase of pulsating wire feeding frequency, the rejection transition ratio first rose and then decreased, and the splash ratio first decreased and then rose.

Terminal is the place for drop off and pick up of the people and transfer mode to next journey according trip end destination. The facility of terminal divided of vehicle facility, people facility, and operation facility. This facilities must be good performance, so can service the customer. But tf1e terminals officer, must be evaluation the facility conditions periodically. Importancei1erformance analysis method can be use, with interview the customer of terminal. Base on data from interview, percentage of importance level and satisfaction level can be measure. From this prercentage, problematic mapping shown for decided problem solving performance of terminal

The unbalance radial electromagnetic force was firstly obtained by measuring the real-time input electrical impedance of GMAW. This force acts as an attaching force because it pushes the droplet aside of the welding wire and sticks on the tip of welding wire as result of surface tension force. In spray transfer mode, lower unbalance radial electromagnetic force was observed when argon shielding gas was used. The finding presented in this paper is contrary to the literature which reported that higher electromagnetic force is desirable for faster transfer rate of droplets in spray transfer mode. Accepted version

When travelers search for the traveling route, they usually take into account the number of transfers, transfer mode, trip distance, travelling time and cost and so on, so the elements such as multi-criteria and a various of traveling model and long distance can be considered in the inquery model. Therefore, the paper proposes a new searching model based on the directed network, the model not only has a good ability to satisfy the demands of multi-criteria for travellers through assignment strategy, but also can describe the transfer between the various means of transportation by setting vehicle speed. In the end, it verify the effectiveness and practicality of the model.

The development of rail transit made travel convenient for urban residents, alleviated traffic pressure, but the long travel distance of the site and the surrounding areas affecting rail transit service level. In order to full play the rail transit large capacity, improve the appeal of the public transit, solve the problem of "last one kilometer", This paper summarized the importance of connection of rail transit and bicycle traffic with a case of xi 'an metro line 2, discussed the forecasting methods of rail transit and bicycle traffic transfer demand, then used vertical and horizontal analogy prediction method to predict the transfer demand at the Zhonglou station and Xiaozhai station in Xian metro, finally the transfer mode of rail transit and bicycle traffic transfer are proposed. This paper has certain reference value for study of rail transit and bicycle traffic.