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14. Protective Effect of Betulin on Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetes in Female Rats.

Author

Adepoju, Feyisayo O., Sokolova, Ksenia V., Gette, Irina F., Danilova, Irina G., Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Mondragon, Alicia C., Kovaleva, Elena G., and Miranda, Jose Manuel

Subjects
BETULIN, INSULIN, NICOTINAMIDE, POISONS, TYPE 2 diabetes, TREATMENT effectiveness, BLOOD sugar
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and a relative loss of β–cell function. Our research investigated the antidiabetic potential of betulin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid found primarily in birch bark and, intriguingly, in a few marine organisms. Betulin has been shown to possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities; however, no studies have fully explored the effects of betulin on the pancreas and pancreatic islets. In this study, we investigated the effect of betulin on streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ)-induced diabetes in female Wistar rats. Betulin was prepared as an emulsion, and intragastric treatments were administered at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg for 28 days. The effect of treatment was assessed by analyzing glucose parameters such as fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and glucose tolerance; hepatic and renal biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; antioxidant enzymes; immunohistochemical analysis; and hematological indices. Administration of betulin improved the glycemic response and decreased α–amylase activity in diabetic rats, although insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) scores remained unchanged. Furthermore, betulin lowered the levels of hepatic biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alpha-amylase activities) and renal biomarkers (urea and creatine), in addition to improving glutathione levels and preventing the elevation of lipid peroxidation in diabetic animals. We also found that betulin promoted the regeneration of β–cells in a dose-dependent manner but did not have toxic effects on the pancreas. In conclusion, betulin at a dose of 50 mg/kg exerts a pronounced protective effect against cytolysis, diabetic nephropathy, and damage to the acinar pancreas and may be a potential treatment option for diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Bioinspired Pyrano[2,3- f ]chromen-8-ones: Ring C-Opened Analogues of Calanolide A: Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Evaluation.

Author

Khalymbadzha, Igor A., Fatykhov, Ramil F., Butorin, Ilya I., Sharapov, Ainur D., Potapova, Anastasia P., Muthipeedika, Nibin Joy, Zyryanov, Grigory V., Melekhin, Vsevolod V., Tokhtueva, Maria D., Deev, Sergey L., Kukhanova, Marina K., Mochulskaya, Nataliya N., and Tsurkan, Mikhail V.

Subjects
REVERSE transcriptase, SUZUKI reaction, COUMARINS, MANNICH reaction, CHEMICAL synthesis, NON-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, MOLECULAR docking, BORONIC acids
Abstract

We have designed and synthesized a series of bioinspired pyrano[2,3-f]coumarin-based Calanolide A analogs with anti-HIV activity. The design of these new calanolide analogs involved incorporating nitrogen heterocycles or aromatic groups in lieu of ring C, effectively mimicking and preserving their bioactive properties. Three directions for the synthesis were explored: reaction of 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-10-propyl-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-8-one with (i) 1,2,4-triazines, (ii) sulfonylation followed by Suzuki cross-coupling with (het)aryl boronic acids, and (iii) aminomethylation by Mannich reaction. Antiviral assay of the synthesized compounds showed that compound 4 has moderate activity against HIV-1 on enzymes and poor activity on the cell model. A molecular docking study demonstrates a good correlation between in silico and in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of the compounds when docked to the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor binding site, and alternative binding modes of the considered analogs of Calanolide A were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Natural Products from Marine Actinomycete Genus Salinispora Might Inhibit 3CL pro and PL pro Proteins of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Evidence.

Author

Pokharkar, Omkar, Zyryanov, Grigory V., and Tsurkan, Mikhail V.

Subjects
MARINE natural products, MARINE sediments, SARS-CoV-2, PROTEIN structure, NATURAL products
Abstract

Among the oldest marine species on the planet, the genus Salinispora is often encountered inhabiting sediments and other marine creatures in tropical and subtropical marine settings. This bacterial genus produces a plethora of natural products. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for salinispora-based natural products (NPs) to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The RCSB PDB was used to obtain the crystal structures of proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. All 125 NPs were obtained from online databases. Using Autodock Vina software v1.2.0 the molecular docking process was carried out after the proteins and ligands were prepared. Assessments of binding affinities and interacting amino acids were rigorously examined prior to MD simulations. The docking experiments revealed 35 NPs in total for both 3CLpro and PLpro, with high docking scores ranging from −8.0 kcal/mol to −9.0 kcal/mol. However, a thorough binding residue analyses of all docked complexes filtered nine NPs showing strong interactions with HIS: 41 and CYS: 145 of 3CLpro. Whereas, for PLpro, merely six NPs presented good interactions with residues CYS: 111, HIS: 272, and ASP: 286. Further research was conducted on residue–residue and ligand–residue interactions in both the filtered docked complexes and the Apo-protein structures using the Protein Contacts Atlas website. All complexes were found to be stable in CABS-flex 2.0 MD simulations conducted at various time frames (50, 125, 500, and 1000 cycles). In conclusion, salinaphthoquinone B appears to be the most promising metabolite, based on favorable amino acid interactions forming stable confirmations towards 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes, acting as a dual inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. First report on chitinous holdfast in sponges (Porifera)

Author

Ehrlich, Hermann, Kaluzhnaya, Oksana V., Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Ereskovsky, Alexander, Tabachnick, Konstantin R., Ilan, Micha, Stelling, Allison, Galli, Roberta, Petrova, Olga V., Nekipelov, Serguei V., Sivkov, Victor N., Vyalikh, Denis, Born, René, Behm, Thomas, Ehrlich, Andre, Chernogor, Lubov I., Belikov, Sergei, Janussen, Dorte, Bazhenov, Vasilii V., and Wörheide, Gert

Published
2013
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24. Surface-Dependent Osteoblasts Response to TiO2 Nanotubes of Dfferent Crystallinity

Author

Khrunyk, Yuliya Y., Belikov, Sergey V., Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Vyalykh, Ivan V., Markaryan, Alexandr Y., Karabanalov, Maxim S., Popov, Artemii A., and Wysokowski, Marcin

Subjects
Anatase, Osseointegration, Amorphous, TiO2 nanotubes, Implants, Gene expression, Anodization
Abstract

One of the major challenges of implantology is to design nanoscale modifications of titanium implant surfaces inducing osseointegration. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of rat osteoblasts cultured on anodized TiO2 nanotubes of different crystallinity (amorphous and anatase phase) up to 24 days. TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated on VT1���0 titanium foil via a two-step anodization at 20 V using NH4F as an electrolyte. Anatase-phase samples were prepared by heat treatment at 500 ��C for 1 h. VT1���0 samples with flat surfaces were used as controls. Primary rat osteoblasts were seeded over experimental surfaces for several incubation times. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze tested surfaces and cell morphology. Cell adhesion and proliferation were investigated by cell counting. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was evaluated by qPCR of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Cell adhesion and proliferation, cell morphology and the expression of osteogenic markers were affected by TiO2 nanotube layered substrates of amorphous and anatase crystallinity. In comparison with flat titanium, along with increased cell adhesion and cell growth a large portion of osteoblasts grown on the both nanostructured surfaces exhibited an osteocyte-like morphology as early as 48 h of culture. Moreover, the expression of all tested osteogenic markers in cells cultured on amorphous and anatase TiO2 nanotubes was upregulated at least at one of the analyzed time points. To summarize, we demonstrated that amorphous and anodized TiO2 layered substrates are highly biocompatible with rat osteoblasts and that the surface modification with about 1500 nm length nanotubes of 35 �� 4 (amorphous phase) and 41 �� 8 nm (anatase phase) in diameter is sufficient to induce their osteogenic differentiation. Such results are significant to the engineering of coating strategies for orthopedic implants aimed to establish a more efficient bone to implant contact and enhance bone repair. �� 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2020
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25. Multiphasic microgel-in-gel materials to recapitulate cellular mesoenvironments in vitro

Author

Husman, Dejan, Welzel, Petra B., Vogler, Steffen, Bray, Laura J., Träber, Nicole, Friedrichs, Jens, Körber, Vincent, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Freudenberg, Uwe, Thiele, Julian, Werner, Carsten, Husman, Dejan, Welzel, Petra B., Vogler, Steffen, Bray, Laura J., Träber, Nicole, Friedrichs, Jens, Körber, Vincent, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Freudenberg, Uwe, Thiele, Julian, and Werner, Carsten

Abstract

Multiphasic in vitro models with cross-scale heterogeneity in matrix properties and/or cellular composition can reflect the structural and compositional complexity of living tissues more faithfully, thereby creating new options for pathobiology and drug development studies. Herein, a new class of tunable microgel-in-gel materials is reported that build on a versatile platform of multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin gel types and integrates monodisperse, cell-laden microgels within cell-laden bulk hydrogel matrices. A novel microfluidic approach was developed to enable the high-throughput fabrication of microgels of in situ adjustable diameters, stiffness, degradability and biomolecular functionalization. By choosing structure and composition of the microgel and the bulk gel compartments independently, our microgel-in-gel arrangements provide cross-scale control over tissue-mimetic features and pave the way for culture systems with designed mesoenvironmental characteristics. The potentialities of the introduced approach are exemplarily shown by creating a reductionistic in vitro model of vascularized prostate cancer tissue.

Published
2020

26. Identification and first insights into the structure of chitin from the endemic freshwater demosponge Ochridaspongia rotunda (Arndt, 1937)

Author

Talevski, Trajce, Talevska-Leshoska, Aleksandra, Pejoski, Elena, Pejin, Boris, Machalowski, Tomasz, Wysokowski, Marcin, Tsurkan, Mikhail, V, Petrova, Olga, Sivkov, Viktor, Martinović, Rajko, Pantović, Snežana, Khrunyk, Yuliya, Trylis, Volodymyr, Fursov, Andriy, Djurović, Mirko, Jesionowski, Teofil, Ehrlich, Hermann, Talevski, Trajce, Talevska-Leshoska, Aleksandra, Pejoski, Elena, Pejin, Boris, Machalowski, Tomasz, Wysokowski, Marcin, Tsurkan, Mikhail, V, Petrova, Olga, Sivkov, Viktor, Martinović, Rajko, Pantović, Snežana, Khrunyk, Yuliya, Trylis, Volodymyr, Fursov, Andriy, Djurović, Mirko, Jesionowski, Teofil, and Ehrlich, Hermann

Abstract

Studies on the identification, properties and function of chitin in sponges (Porifera), which are recognized as the first multicellular organisms on Earth, continue to be of fundamental scientific interest. The occurrence of chitin has so far been reported in 21 marine sponge species and only in two inhabiting fresh water. In this study, we present the discovery of alpha-chitin in the endemic demosponge Ochridaspongia rotunda, found in Lake Ohrid, which dates from the Tertiary. The presence of chitin in this species was confirmed using special staining, a chitinase test, FTIR, Raman and NEXAFS spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). In contrast to the case of marine sponges, chitin in O. rotunda has been found only within its holdfast, suggesting a role of chitin in the attachment of the sponge to the hard substratum. Isolated fibrous matter strongly resemble the shape and size of the sponge holdfast with membrane-like structure.

Published
2020

29. Identification and first insights into the structure of chitin from the endemic freshwater demosponge Ochridaspongia rotunda (Arndt, 1937)

Author

Talevski, Trajce, primary, Talevska Leshoska, Aleksandra, additional, Pejoski, Elena, additional, Pejin, Boris, additional, Machałowski, Tomasz, additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Petrova, Olga, additional, Sivkov, Viktor, additional, Martinovic, Rajko, additional, Pantovic, Snezana, additional, Khrunyk, Yuliya, additional, Trylis, Volodymyr, additional, Fursov, Andriy, additional, Djurovic, Mirko, additional, Jesionowski, Teofil, additional, and Ehrlich, Hermann, additional

Published
2020
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33. Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Spider Molt Cuticle

Author

Machałowski, Tomasz, Wysokowski, Marcin, Tsurkan, Mikhail V, Galli, Roberta, Schimpf, Christian, Rafaja, David, Brendler, Erica, Viehweger, Christine, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Sonia, Petrenko, Iaroslav, Czaczyk, Katarzyna, Kraft, Michael, Bertau, Martin, Bechmann, Nicole, Guan, Kaomei, Bornstein, Stefan R, Voronkina, Alona, Fursov, Andriy, Bejger, Magdalena, Biniek-Antosiak, Katarzyna, Rypniewski, Wojciech, Figlerowicz, Marek, Pokrovsky, Oleg, Jesionowski, Teofil, Ehrlich, Hermann, University of Zurich, and Jesionowski, Teofil

Subjects
1602 Analytical Chemistry, 1601 Chemistry (miscellaneous), 1313 Molecular Medicine, 3002 Drug Discovery, 10265 Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, 3003 Pharmaceutical Science, 610 Medicine & health, 1606 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 1605 Organic Chemistry
Published
2019

34. Express Method for Isolation of Ready-to-Use 3D Chitin Scaffolds from (Aplysineidae: Verongiida) Demosponge

Author

Klinger, Christine, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Sonia, Wysokowski, Marcin, Tsurkan, Mikhail V, Galli, Roberta, Petrenko, Iaroslav, Machałowski, Tomasz, Ereskovsky, Alexander, Martinović, Rajko, Muzychka, Lyubov, Smolii, Oleg B, Bechmann, Nicole, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav, Schupp, Peter J, Jesionowski, Teofil, Giovine, Marco, Joseph, Yvonne, Bornstein, Stefan R, Voronkina, Alona, Ehrlich, Hermann, University of Zurich, and Wysokowski, Marcin

Subjects
3002 Drug Discovery, 10265 Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, 610 Medicine & health
Published
2019

35. Naturally Drug-Loaded Chitin: Isolation and Applications

Author

Kovalchuk, Valentine, primary, Voronkina, Alona, additional, Binnewerg, Björn, additional, Schubert, Mario, additional, Muzychka, Liubov, additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Bechmann, Nicole, additional, Petrenko, Iaroslav, additional, Fursov, Andriy, additional, Martinovic, Rajko, additional, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N., additional, Fromont, Jane, additional, Smolii, Oleg B., additional, Joseph, Yvonne, additional, Giovine, Marco, additional, Erpenbeck, Dirk, additional, Gelinsky, Michael, additional, Springer, Armin, additional, Guan, Kaomei, additional, Bornstein, Stefan R., additional, and Ehrlich, Hermann, additional

Published
2019
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36. Investigation of Sustained BMP Delivery in the Prevention of Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in a Rat Model

Author

Brierly, Gary I., primary, Ren, Jiongyu, additional, Baldwin, Jeremy, additional, Saifzadeh, Siamak, additional, Theodoropoulos, Christina, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Lynham, Anthony, additional, Hsu, Edward, additional, Nikolarakos, Dimitrios, additional, Werner, Carsten, additional, Woodruff, Maria A., additional, Hutmacher, Dietmar W., additional, and Bray, Laura J., additional

Published
2019
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37. New family and genus of a Dendrilla-like sponge with characters of Verongiida. Part II. Discovery of chitin in the skeleton of Ernstilla lacunosa

Author

Fromont, Jane, primary, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Sonia, additional, Galli, Roberta, additional, Meissner, Heike, additional, Erpenbeck, Dirk, additional, Vacelet, Jean, additional, Diaz, Christina, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Petrenko, Iaroslav, additional, Youssef, Diaa.T.A., additional, and Ehrlich, Hermann, additional

Published
2019
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38. Cover Picture: Recent Advances on Diverse Decarboxylative Reactions of Amino Acids (Adv. Synth. Catal. 10/2019)

Author

Rahman, Matiur, primary, Mukherjee, Anindita, additional, Kovalev, Igor S., additional, Kopchuk, Dmitry S., additional, Zyryanov, Grigory V., additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Majee, Adinath, additional, Ranu, Brindaban C., additional, Charushin, Valery N., additional, Chupakhin, Oleg N., additional, and Santra, Sougata, additional

Published
2019
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39. Express Method for Isolation of Ready-to-Use 3D Chitin Scaffolds from Aplysina archeri (Aplysineidae: Verongiida) Demosponge

Author

Klinger, Christine, primary, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Sonia, additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Galli, Roberta, additional, Petrenko, Iaroslav, additional, Machałowski, Tomasz, additional, Ereskovsky, Alexander, additional, Martinović, Rajko, additional, Muzychka, Lyubov, additional, Smolii, Oleg B., additional, Bechmann, Nicole, additional, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav, additional, Schupp, Peter J., additional, Jesionowski, Teofil, additional, Giovine, Marco, additional, Joseph, Yvonne, additional, Bornstein, Stefan R., additional, Voronkina, Alona, additional, and Ehrlich, Hermann, additional

Published
2019
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40. Recent Advances on Diverse Decarboxylative Reactions of Amino Acids

Author

Rahman, Matiur, primary, Mukherjee, Anindita, additional, Kovalev, Igor S., additional, Kopchuk, Dmitry S., additional, Zyryanov, Grigory V., additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Majee, Adinath, additional, Ranu, Brindaban C., additional, Charushin, Valery N., additional, Chupakhin, Oleg N., additional, and Santra, Sougata, additional

Published
2019
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41. The demosponge Pseudoceratina purpurea as a new source of fibrous chitin

Author

Żółtowska- Aksamitowska, Sonia, primary, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Lim, Swee–Cheng, additional, Meissner, Heike, additional, Tabachnick, Konstantin, additional, Shaala, Lamiaa A., additional, Youssef, Diaa T.A., additional, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N., additional, Petrenko, Iaroslav, additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Bechmann, Nicole, additional, Joseph, Yvonne, additional, Jesionowski, Teofil, additional, and Ehrlich, Hermann, additional

Published
2018
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42. Metal-mediated peptide assembly: Use of metal coordination to change the oligomerization state of an alpha-helical coiled-coil

Author

Tsurkan, Mikhail V. and Ogawa, Michael Y.

Subjects
Hydrophobic effect -- Analysis, Amino acids -- Structure, Proteins -- Structure, Proteins -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

A different use of metal coordination is explored to alter the oligomerization state of coiled-coils and to show how the coordination of metal ions to the hydrophilic exterior of a stable two-stranded coiled-coil can result in the formation of a tetrameric metal-peptide assembly.

Published
2007

43. Isolation and identification of chitin from heavy mineralized skeleton of Suberea clavata (Verongida: Demospongiae: Porifera) marine demosponge

Author

Ehrlich, Hermann, primary, Bazhenov, Vasilii V., additional, Debitus, Cecile, additional, de Voogd, Nicole, additional, Galli, Roberta, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Meissner, Heike, additional, Bulut, Esra, additional, Kaya, Murat, additional, and Jesionowski, Teofil, additional

Published
2017
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47. Supercontinuum Generation in Naturally Occurring Glass Sponges Spicules

Author

Ehrlich, Hermann, primary, Maldonado, Manuel, additional, Parker, Andrew R., additional, Kulchin, Yuri N., additional, Schilling, Jörg, additional, Köhler, Benjamin, additional, Skrzypczak, Ulrich, additional, Simon, Paul, additional, Reiswig, Henry M., additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Brunner, Eike, additional, Voznesenskiy, Sergey S., additional, Bezverbny, Alexander V., additional, Golik, Sergey S., additional, Nagorny, Ivan G., additional, Vyalikh, Denis V., additional, Makarova, Anna A., additional, Molodtsov, Serguei L., additional, Kummer, Kurt, additional, Mertig, Michael, additional, Erler, Christiane, additional, Kurek, Denis V., additional, Bazhenov, Vasilii V., additional, Natalio, Filipe, additional, Kovalev, Alexander E., additional, Gorb, Stanislav N., additional, Stelling, Allison L., additional, Heitmann, Johannes, additional, Born, René, additional, Meyer, Dirk C., additional, and Tabachnick, Konstantin R., additional

Published
2016
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48. Multiphase Biomineralization: Enigmatic Invasive Siliceous Diatoms Produce Crystalline Calcite

Author

Ehrlich, Hermann, primary, Motylenko, Mykhailo, additional, Sundareshwar, Pallaoor V., additional, Ereskovsky, Alexander, additional, Zgłobicka, Izabela, additional, Noga, Teresa, additional, Płociński, Tomasz, additional, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., additional, Wyroba, Elżbieta, additional, Suski, Szymon, additional, Bilski, Henryk, additional, Wysokowski, Marcin, additional, Stöcker, Hartmut, additional, Makarova, Anna, additional, Vyalikh, Denis, additional, Walter, Juliane, additional, Molodtsov, Serguei L., additional, Bazhenov, Vasilii V., additional, Petrenko, Iaroslav, additional, Langer, Enrico, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Niederschlag, Elke, additional, Pisarek, Marcin, additional, Springer, Armin, additional, Gelinsky, Michael, additional, Rafaja, David, additional, Witkowski, Andrzej, additional, Meyer, Dirk C., additional, Jesionowski, Teofil, additional, and Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J., additional

Published
2016
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49. First Report on Chitin in a Non-Verongiid Marine Demosponge: The Mycale euplectellioides Case.

Author

Żółtowska-Aksamitowska, Sonia, Shaala, Lamiaa A., Youssef, Diaa T. A., Elhady, Sameh S., Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Petrenko, Iaroslav, Wysokowski, Marcin, Tabachnick, Konstantin, Meissner, Heike, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N., Bechmann, Nicole, Joseph, Yvonne, Jesionowski, Teofil, and Ehrlich, Hermann

Abstract

Sponges (Porifera) are recognized as aquatic multicellular organisms which developed an effective biochemical pathway over millions of years of evolution to produce both biologically active secondary metabolites and biopolymer-based skeletal structures. Among marine demosponges, only representatives of the Verongiida order are known to synthetize biologically active substances as well as skeletons made of structural polysaccharide chitin. The unique three-dimensional (3D) architecture of such chitinous skeletons opens the widow for their recent applications as adsorbents, as well as scaffolds for tissue engineering and biomimetics. This study has the ambitious goal of monitoring other orders beyond Verongiida demosponges and finding alternative sources of naturally prestructured chitinous scaffolds; especially in those demosponge species which can be cultivated at large scales using marine farming conditions. Special attention has been paid to the demosponge Mycale euplectellioides (Heteroscleromorpha: Poecilosclerida: Mycalidae) collected in the Red Sea. For the first time, we present here a detailed study of the isolation of chitin from the skeleton of this sponge, as well as its identification using diverse bioanalytical tools. Calcofluor white staining, Fourier-transform Infrared Spcetcroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence microscopy, as well as a chitinase digestion assay were applied in order to confirm with strong evidence the finding of a-chitin in the skeleton of M. euplectellioides. We suggest that the discovery of chitin within representatives of the Mycale genus is a promising step in their evaluation of these globally distributed sponges as new renewable sources for both biologically active metabolites and chitin, which are of prospective use for pharmacology and biomaterials oriented biomedicine, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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50. Multiphasic microgel-in-gelmaterials to recapitulate cellular mesoenvironments in vitroElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details, design and performance of the co-flow microfluidic device, cell-induced degradation of microbeads, monophasic 3D prostate cancer model, PC3 cells embedded into microbeads: spheroid formation and live/dead assay data. See DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01009b

Author

HusmanThese authors contributed equally to this work., Dejan, Welzel, Petra B., Vogler, Steffen, Bray, Laura J., Träber, Nicole, Friedrichs, Jens, Körber, Vincent, Tsurkan, Mikhail V., Freudenberg, Uwe, Thiele, Julian, and Werner, Carsten

Abstract

Multiphasic in vitromodels with cross-scale heterogeneity in matrix properties and/or cellular composition can reflect the structural and compositional complexity of living tissues more faithfully, thereby creating new options for pathobiology and drug development studies. Herein, a new class of tunable microgel-in-gelmaterials is reported that build on a versatile platform of multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin gel types and integrates monodisperse, cell-laden microgels within cell-laden bulk hydrogel matrices. A novel microfluidic approach was developed to enable the high-throughput fabrication of microgels of in situadjustable diameters, stiffness, degradability and biomolecular functionalization. By choosing structure and composition of the microgel and the bulk gel compartments independently, our microgel-in-gelarrangements provide cross-scale control over tissue-mimetic features and pave the way for culture systems with designed mesoenvironmental characteristics. The potentialities of the introduced approach are exemplarily shown by creating a reductionistic in vitromodel of vascularized prostate cancer tissue.

Published
2019
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