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Context Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largely unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the acute effect of excessive dietary phosphorus administered as sodium dihydrogen phosphate on the postprandial levels of Pi and FGF23 and the response to food. Methods This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with 29 healthy male and female participants from the general community who were administered a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus (NaH2PO4) or a sodium-adjusted placebo in combination with a test meal. Postprandial plasma levels of Pi and FGF23 were measured. Results Compared with placebo, oral phosphorus increased the plasma Pi level, which remained elevated during the ensuing 8 hours (at 480 minutes: 1.31 vs 1.16 mmol/l; P Conclusion An oral phosphorus load can induce elevated postprandial levels of circulating Pi for hours in healthy subjects, despite rapid homeostatic counterreactions. FGF23 levels and the postprandial response to food were not affected.

Plant proteins have become increasingly important for ecological reasons. Rapeseed is a novel source of plant proteins with high biological value, but its metabolic impact in humans is largely unknown. A randomized, controlled intervention study including 20 healthy subjects was conducted in a crossover design. All participants received a test meal without additional protein or with 28 g of rapeseed protein isolate or soy protein isolate (control). Venous blood samples were collected over a 360-min period to analyze metabolites, satiety was assessed using a visual analog scale. Postprandial levels of lipids, urea, and amino acids increased following the intake of both protein isolates. The postprandial insulin response was lower after consumption of the rapeseed protein than after intake of the soy protein (p &lt, 0.05), whereas the postmeal responses of glucose, lipids, interleukin-6, minerals, and urea were comparable between the two protein isolates. Interestingly, the rapeseed protein exerted stronger effects on postprandial satiety than the soy protein (p &lt, 0.05). The postmeal metabolism following rapeseed protein intake is comparable with that of soy protein. The favorable effect of rapeseed protein on postprandial insulin and satiety makes it a valuable plant protein for human nutrition.

Abbildung 1 Repositionsman€ over nach Kocher aus (1). Behandlung von Schulterverletzungen in der Extremitatenchirurgie einen festen Platz ein. Die Klavikulafraktur wurde schon damals als haufige Verletzung nach direkter Gewalteinwirkung beschrieben, wobei sich als Ursache vorrangig Sturze auf die ausgestreckte Hand bei fixiertem Ellenbogenund Schultergelenk fanden. Der typische Bruch betraf das mittlere Drittel. Das Hauptsymptom war die verschmalerte Schulterpartie. Man beschrieb die Dislokation des inneren Bruchstuckes durch den Kopfnicker nach oben und des auseren Bruchstuckes durch die Schwere des Armes nach unten, auserdem nach innen durch den Musculus pectoralis. Zur Behandlung empfahl man die Reposition durch Zug an beiden Schultern nach hinten. Zur Retention wurde ein Sayrescher Heftpflasterverband angelegt. Vor dem Anlegen der Heftpflasterstreifen sollte ein faustdickes Achselkissen aus Watte oder Zellstoff in die Achselhohle geschoben werden, um die Schulter vom Thorax abzuheben. Ein gut liegender Verband wurde drei Wochen belassen und dann durch eine Mitella fur 8 – 12 Tage ersetzt. Bei erschwerter Reposition und Retention und in Fallen, in denen ein gutes kosmetisches Resultat von Wichtigkeit war, z.B. bei jungen Madchen, bediente man sich eines seitlichen Extensionsverbandes nach hinten oben in Ruckenlage der Patientin. Nach zwei Wochen begann man mit Bewegungen vor allen Dingenmit Bewegungen im Schulter

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether molasses might exert effects on serum lipoproteins. In experiment 1, 24 rats were divided into two groups and fed diets containing liquid molasses from sugar beet or sucrose (7.71 g of molasses dry matter or sucrose per kg of diet). The second experiment included four groups of rats (n = 12/group) and was conducted in a bifactorial design, with the factors being molasses (non-supplementation vs. supplementation of 77.1 g of molasses dry matter per kg of diet at the expense of sucrose) and dietary cholesterol (0 vs. 5 g/kg diet). In experiment 1, the ratio of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration tended to be lower in rats fed the molasses diet than in rats fed the control diet (p < 0.15). In experiment 2, rats fed the molasses diet had higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol (+ 26%) than control rats fed diets without molasses (p < 0.05). This effect was independent of the dietary cholesterol concentration. Concentrations of cholesterol in LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and liver as well as concentrations of triacylglycerols in plasma and liver remained unaffected by molasses in both experiments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that supplementation of molasses is effective at raising HDL cholesterol levels in rats.

Eye irritation as monitored by the Draize test is primarily caused by the membrane-toxic effect of chemical substances. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an integral part of the cell membrane phospholipids and a substrate for inflammatory mediators formed in response to membrane-toxic events. It is rapidly released as a result of membrane disintegration or of enzymatic cleavage of phospholipids. In order to replace the Draize test by alternative methods, we examined the [3H]-AA release of U937 cells using the following substances: dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), formamide, chloramine, dimethoate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and lysolecithin. As revealed by the determination of maximum tolerated concentrations (MTC) and by calculation of both the linear correlation coefficient (r*) and the rank correlation coefficient according to Spearman (rs), a positive correlation (r* = 0.92; rs = 0.98; α = 5%) between the [3H]-AA release and the results of the Draize test was seen. It was attributed to the fact that the release of AA represents a key reaction of the inflammation process. The sensitivity of the in vitro method surpassed the Draize test by 1–2 orders of magnitude demonstrating the [3H]-AA release test to be a potentially suitable alternative to the eye irritation test.