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5,801 results on '"Univ Sci '

1. WHO Drug Study for Buruli Ulcer - Comparison of SR8 and CR8

Author

University of Groningen, Faculté de Médecine P&M Curie, Paris-6 - Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, France, Drugs for Neglected Diseases, World Alliance for Wound and Lymphoedema Care, Switzerland, Inserm U892/CNRS 699 bactériologie, Université CHU;Angers- IRIS France, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, National Buruli ulcer Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana, School of Med Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Sci & Techn, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research into Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana, Plastic Surgery and Burns Centre, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, Accra, Ghana, Program Nat de Lutte contre la Lèpre et l'UB;Ulcère de Buruli, Cotonou, Benin, and Tjip van der Werf, Professor

Published
2019

2. Controlling the Critical Current Anisotropy of YBCO Superconducting Films by Incorporating Hybrid Artificial Pinning Centers

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Inst. for Sustainable Sci. & Dev., Hiroshima Univ., Mater. Sci. Res. Unit, Muroran Inst. of Technol., Central Res. Inst. of Electr. Power Ind., Dept. of Energy Eng. & Sci., Nagoya Univ., Inst. for Mater. Res., Tohoku Univ., Jha, Alok K., Matsumoto, Kaname, Horide, Tomoya, Saini, Shrikant, Mele, Paolo, Ichinose, Ataru, Yoshida, Yutaka, Awaji, Satoshi, Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Kyushu Inst. of Technol., Inst. for Sustainable Sci. & Dev., Hiroshima Univ., Mater. Sci. Res. Unit, Muroran Inst. of Technol., Central Res. Inst. of Electr. Power Ind., Dept. of Energy Eng. & Sci., Nagoya Univ., Inst. for Mater. Res., Tohoku Univ., Jha, Alok K., Matsumoto, Kaname, Horide, Tomoya, Saini, Shrikant, Mele, Paolo, Ichinose, Ataru, Yoshida, Yutaka, and Awaji, Satoshi

Abstract

type:Journal Article, BaSnO 3 (BSO) nanocolumns and Y 2BaCuO5 (Y211) nanoparticles have been successfully incorporated into YBCO thin films by premixed and surface-modified target approach. The effect of these artificially incorporated nanostructures on the vortex pinning properties of YBCO films is investigated based on the variation of critical current density (JC) with applied magnetic field and its variation with respect to the orientation of the applied magnetic field at two different temperatures: 77 and 65 K. The incorporation of Y211 nanoparticles into both YBCO and YBCO + BSO2% films results in improved JC-H characteristics, which is reflected in the enhanced pinning force density (Fp) values. The angular dependent JC measurement reveals that the YBCO film containing BSO nanocolumns exhibits JC peak along the c-axis, whereas the film containing Y211 nanoparticles exhibits isotropic enhancement in the JC values along the entire investigated angular regime. The YBCO film consisting of both kinds of nanostructures (BSO nanocolumns together with Y211 nanoparticles), on the other hand, exhibits mixed characteristics of different kinds of pinning: strong c-axis JC peak together with isotropically enhanced JC in the intermediate angular regime. A possible vortex pinning mechanism due to different kinds of artificially incorporated nanostructures is also discussed.

Published
2017

3. Fluid Dynamics for Global Environmental Studies

Author

Dept. Earth Sys Sci. Tech., Interdis.Grad Sch Engg Sci, Kyushu Univ and Dept. Earth Sys Sci. Tech., Interdis.Grad Sch Engg Sci, Kyushu Univ

Subjects
Environmental engineering--Mathematical models, Fluid dynamics--Mathematics
Abstract

This book introduces the basic concepts of environmental fluid dynamics. It is intended for use by students, researchers, engineers, and specialists working not only in general fluid research but also in the atmospheric and oceanic research fields. The Earth is covered by atmosphere and oceans and is exposed to solar wind. Therefore, the knowledge of fluid dynamics is essential for tackling its environmental issues. Although many textbooks have treated fluid dynamics, practically no book has been published that clearly describes all essential ideas, from the fundamentals of fluid dynamics to advanced environmental sciences, with careful sequential explanations of the governing mathematics. This book has been developed to solve these educational problems and has actually been in use in lectures in the graduate school of Kyushu University for more than 15 years.

Published
2017

4. Micromagnetic study of domain-wall pinning characteristics with grooves in thin films

Author

Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Asada, H, Li, H, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, Koyanagi, T, Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Asada, H, Li, H, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, and Koyanagi, T

Abstract

type:Journal Article, The pinning characteristics of a 180 degrees domain wall with grooves are investigated using the micromagnetic simulation. The depinning fields required to pull the wall out of the grooved region were strongly related to the pinning characteristics at each step edge. The depinning field difference between the wall movement directions was improved by the increase of the lower depinning field compared to that with the steplike thickness change. It was also found that the depinning fields for various groove widths were almost constant and the wall displacement was further suppressed by the narrower groove having the vertical edge. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics., source:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1857652, source:http://www.aip.org

Published
2017

5. Micromagnetic study of domain wall-pinning characteristics with step-like thickness change in thin film

Author

Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Appl Sci Integrated Syst Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Asada, H, Hyodo, Y, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, Koyanagi, T, Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Appl Sci Integrated Syst Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Asada, H, Hyodo, Y, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, and Koyanagi, T

Abstract

type:Journal Article, The pinning characteristics of a domain wall with a step-like thickness change along the wall is investigated in 0.15- to 0.5-mum-thick films with an in-plane anisotropy using micromagnetic simulation based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The asymmetric Bloch wall having the structure in which the magnetostatic coupling develops between spins near the step when the wall is pinned shows the bi-directional pinning effect for magnetic fields applied along the magnetic domain. The wall energy of the pinned wall decreases with increasing step depth due to the largely decrease of the exchange energy component. The depinning field for the negative applied fields which drive the wall in the direction of the nongrooved region (thick film region) is considerably larger than that for the positive ones which drive the wall in the direction of the grooved region (thin film region). The depinning fields for both the positive and negative applied fields increase with decreasing film thickness.

Published
2017

6. Study on local magnetic flux distribution in type II superconductors by means of small-angle neutron scattering

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Kyoto Univ., Japan, (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka,Japan), Osamura, K, Okuda, H, Furusaka, M, Itoh, Y, Imai, M, Matushita, T, Otabe, Edmund Soji, Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Kyoto Univ., Japan, (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka,Japan), Osamura, K, Okuda, H, Furusaka, M, Itoh, Y, Imai, M, Matushita, T, and Otabe, Edmund Soji

Abstract

type:Journal Article, In order to assess the magnetic flux distribution in type II superconductors, the correlation function was derived from SANS intensities. The distribution in Nb single crystal was consistent with the result of magnetization measurements. An existence of short range ordering in the magnetic flux arrangement in Bi2212 crystal was suggested at 7.7 K under magnetic field of 0.25 T, which is a sufficiently high field larger than the critical field., source:DOI: 10.1109/77.402931

Published
2017

7. Inhomogeneous distribution of flux pinning strength and its effecton irreversibility line and vortex glass-liquid transition line in Bi-2212 tapes

Author

Graduate Sch. of Inf. Sci. & Electron. Eng., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, （Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan）, Kiuchi, Masaru, Matsushita, Teruo, Nakayama, Y, Takase, N, Graduate Sch. of Inf. Sci. & Electron. Eng., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, （Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan）, Kiuchi, Masaru, Matsushita, Teruo, Nakayama, Y, and Takase, N

Abstract

type:Journal Article, The irreversibility line and the vortex glass-liquid transition line under a magnetic field parallel to the c-axis are investigated for silver-sheathed and dip-coated Bi-2212 tape wires. It is found that the two characteristic lines for silver-sheathed tape is well explained by the flux creep-flow model assuming the distribution of pinning strength with a single peak. On the other hand, general agreements are obtained for these characteristic lines and the critical current density between experiments and theory only when two peaks are assumed in the distribution of flux pinning strength for the dip-coated tape. The causative structure in the dip-coated tape for the peak at small strength in the distribution is discussed, source:DOI: 10.1109/77.784828

Published
2017

8. Influence of domain wall structure on pinning characteristics with self-induced anisotropy

Author

Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Kyushu Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Asada, H, Wasada, Y, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, Koyanagi, T, Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Symbiot Environm Syst Engn, Kyushu Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Asada, H, Wasada, Y, Yamasaki, J, Takezawa, M, and Koyanagi, T

Abstract

type:Journal Article, Wall pinning effects with self-induced spatially varying uniaxial anisotropy in various thick films have been studied using micromagnetic simulation based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. In the simulation, the discretization region is in the cross section normal to the film plane. It is clarified that the wall structure is strongly related to pinning characteristics. Depinning fields of the wall having a flux-closure asymmetric vortex (C-shaped wall) are different in the wall movement directions due to the asymmetric wall structure. On the other hand, depinning fields of the wall with two vortices (S-shaped wall) which have a symmetric structure do not depend on the wall movement direction. Depinning fields for the S-shaped wall are different from both depinning fields for the C-shaped wall. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics., source:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1560703, source:http://www.aip.org

Published
2017

9. On some point groups

Author

Dept. of Electr. Engrg, Kyushu Inst. Techn., Grad. School of Adv. Tech., Kinki Univ., Grad. School of Sci. & Engrg, Saga Univ., Sun, Yong, Kanemitsu, Shigeru, Kitamura, H., Dept. of Electr. Engrg, Kyushu Inst. Techn., Grad. School of Adv. Tech., Kinki Univ., Grad. School of Sci. & Engrg, Saga Univ., Sun, Yong, Kanemitsu, Shigeru, and Kitamura, H.

Abstract

type:Journal Article, In this note, we indicate the coincidence as abstract groups of some point groups which belong to different molecular orbitals. This elucidates somewhat vague presentation in many existing textbooks on molecular orbitals, thus abridging between group theory and quantum chemistry.

Published
2017

10. A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

Author

Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England, Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA, Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100300, Peoples R China, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Beijing Econ Technol Dev Area, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Fudan Univ, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, CAS, SIBS, Sch Life Sci, MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Croucher Lab Human Genet, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Appl Genom Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Illumina, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, Complete Genom Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA, Prognosys Biosci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Univ Montreal, Publ Law Res Ctr, Downtown Stn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada, Ontario Inst Canc Res, MaRS Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Hong Kong, Genome Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan, RIKEN SNP Res Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, Univ Cambridge, Dept Oncol, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England, Solexa Ltd, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, England, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA, Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA, Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA, Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, NHGRI, US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Natl Lib Med, US NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Med Genet Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China, Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan, Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan, UNESCO Bangkok, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Univ Tsukuba, Eubios Eth Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058691, Japan, Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA, Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Philosophy, Ctr Appl Eth, Beijing 100067, Peoples R China, Genet Interest Grp, London N13 0P, England, Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Humanities, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Grad Sch Biostudies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Human Genet, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan, Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Genet & Hlth Policy, Nashville, TN 37232 USA, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London NW1 2BE, England, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China, Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1, Canada, McGill Univ, Off Technol Transfer, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada, Genome Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3B 1S6, Canada, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008959, Japan, Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100862, Peoples R China, Human Genet Resource Adm China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China, US NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, Biomarker Dev, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA, US NIH, Off Technol Transfer, Rockville, MD 20852 USA, Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, Mjdaly@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu; mcvean@stats.ox.ac.uk, Frazer, Kelly A., Ballinger, Dennis G., Cox, David R., Hinds, David A., Stuve, Laura L., Gibbs, Richard A., Belmont, John W., Boudreau, Andrew, Hardenbol, Paul, Leal, Suzanne M., Pasternak, Shiran, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Deloukas, Panos, Bird, Christine P., Delgado, Marcos, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah, Morrison, Jonathan, Powell, Don, Wheeler, David A., Stranger, Barbara E., Whittaker, Pamela, Bentley, David R., Daly, Mark J., De Bakker, Paul I.W., Barrett, Jeff, Chretien, Yves R., Maller, Julian, McCarroll, Steve, Patterson, Nick, Willis, Thomas D., Pe'er, Itsik, Price, Alkes, Purcell, Shaun, Richter, Daniel J., Sabeti, Pardis, Saxena, Richa, Schaffner, Stephen F., Sham, Pak C., Varilly, Patrick, Altshuler, David, Yu, Fuli, Stein, Lincoln D., Krishnan, Lalitha, Smith, Albert Vernon, Tello-Ruiz, Marcela K., Thorisson, Gudmundur A., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chen, Peter E., Cutler, David J., Kashuk, Carl S., Lin, Shin, Yang, Huanming, Abecasis, Gon??alo R., Guan, Weihua, Li, Yun, Munro, Heather M., Qin, Zhaohui Steve, Thomas, Daryl J., McVean, Gilean, Auton, Adam, Bottolo, Leonardo, Cardin, Niall, Zeng, Changqing, Eyheramendy, Susana, Freeman, Colin, Marchini, Jonathan, Myers, Simon, Spencer, Chris, Stephens, Matthew, Donnelly, Peter, Cardon, Lon R., Clarke, Geraldine, Evans, David M., Gao, Yang, Morris, Andrew P., Weir, Bruce S., Johnson, Todd A., Mullikin, James C., Sherry, Stephen T., Feolo, Michael, Skol, Andrew, Hu, Haoran, Hu, Weitao, Li, Chaohua, Lin, Wei, Liu, Siqi, Pan, Hao, Tang, Xiaoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Wei, Yu, Jun, Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Qingrun, Zhao, Hongbin, Zhao, Hui, Zhou, Jun, Gabriel, Stacey B., Barry, Rachel, Blumenstiel, Brendan, Camargo, Amy, Defelice, Matthew, Faggart, Maura, Goyette, Mary, Gupta, Supriya, Moore, Jamie, Nguyen, Huy, Onofrio, Robert C., Parkin, Melissa, Roy, Jessica, Stahl, Erich, Winchester, Ellen, Ziaugra, Liuda, Shen, Yan, Yao, Zhijian, Huang, Wei, Chu, Xun, He, Yungang, Jin, Li, Liu, Yangfan, Shen, Yayun, Sun, Weiwei, Wang, Haifeng, Wang, Yi, Wang, Ying, Xiong, Xiaoyan, Xu, Liang, Waye, Mary M.Y., Tsui, Stephen K.W., Wong, J. Tze-Fei, Galver, Luana M., Fan, Jian-Bing, Gunderson, Kevin, Murray, Sarah S., Oliphant, Arnold R., Chee, Mark S., Montpetit, Alexandre, Chagnon, Fanny, Ferretti, Vincent, Leboeuf, Martin, Olivier, Jean-Franccois, Phillips, Michael S., Roumy, Stephanie, Sallee, Clementine, Verner, Andrei, Hudson, Thomas J., Kwok, Pui-Yan, Cai, Dongmei, Koboldt, Daniel C., Miller, Raymond D., Pawlikowska, Ludmila, Taillon-Miller, Patricia, Xiao, Ming, Tsui, Lap-Chee, Mak, William, Song, You Qiang, Tam, Paul K.H., Nakamura, Yusuke, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kitamoto, Takuya, Morizono, Takashi, Nagashima, Atsushi, Ohnishi, Yozo, Sekine, Akihiro, Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England, Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA, Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100300, Peoples R China, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Beijing Econ Technol Dev Area, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Fudan Univ, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, CAS, SIBS, Sch Life Sci, MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Croucher Lab Human Genet, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Appl Genom Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Illumina, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, Complete Genom Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA, Prognosys Biosci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Univ Montreal, Publ Law Res Ctr, Downtown Stn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada, Ontario Inst Canc Res, MaRS Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Hong Kong, Genome Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan, RIKEN SNP Res Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, Univ Cambridge, Dept Oncol, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England, Solexa Ltd, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, England, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA, Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA, Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA, Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, NHGRI, US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Natl Lib Med, US NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Med Genet Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China, Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan, Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan, UNESCO Bangkok, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Univ Tsukuba, Eubios Eth Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058691, Japan, Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA, Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Philosophy, Ctr Appl Eth, Beijing 100067, Peoples R China, Genet Interest Grp, London N13 0P, England, Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Humanities, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Grad Sch Biostudies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Human Genet, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan, Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Genet & Hlth Policy, Nashville, TN 37232 USA, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London NW1 2BE, England, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China, Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1, Canada, McGill Univ, Off Technol Transfer, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada, Genome Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3B 1S6, Canada, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008959, Japan, Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100862, Peoples R China, Human Genet Resource Adm China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China, US NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, Biomarker Dev, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA, US NIH, Off Technol Transfer, Rockville, MD 20852 USA, Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, Mjdaly@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu; mcvean@stats.ox.ac.uk, Frazer, Kelly A., Ballinger, Dennis G., Cox, David R., Hinds, David A., Stuve, Laura L., Gibbs, Richard A., Belmont, John W., Boudreau, Andrew, Hardenbol, Paul, Leal, Suzanne M., Pasternak, Shiran, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Deloukas, Panos, Bird, Christine P., Delgado, Marcos, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah, Morrison, Jonathan, Powell, Don, Wheeler, David A., Stranger, Barbara E., Whittaker, Pamela, Bentley, David R., Daly, Mark J., De Bakker, Paul I.W., Barrett, Jeff, Chretien, Yves R., Maller, Julian, McCarroll, Steve, Patterson, Nick, Willis, Thomas D., Pe'er, Itsik, Price, Alkes, Purcell, Shaun, Richter, Daniel J., Sabeti, Pardis, Saxena, Richa, Schaffner, Stephen F., Sham, Pak C., Varilly, Patrick, Altshuler, David, Yu, Fuli, Stein, Lincoln D., Krishnan, Lalitha, Smith, Albert Vernon, Tello-Ruiz, Marcela K., Thorisson, Gudmundur A., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chen, Peter E., Cutler, David J., Kashuk, Carl S., Lin, Shin, Yang, Huanming, Abecasis, Gon??alo R., Guan, Weihua, Li, Yun, Munro, Heather M., Qin, Zhaohui Steve, Thomas, Daryl J., McVean, Gilean, Auton, Adam, Bottolo, Leonardo, Cardin, Niall, Zeng, Changqing, Eyheramendy, Susana, Freeman, Colin, Marchini, Jonathan, Myers, Simon, Spencer, Chris, Stephens, Matthew, Donnelly, Peter, Cardon, Lon R., Clarke, Geraldine, Evans, David M., Gao, Yang, Morris, Andrew P., Weir, Bruce S., Johnson, Todd A., Mullikin, James C., Sherry, Stephen T., Feolo, Michael, Skol, Andrew, Hu, Haoran, Hu, Weitao, Li, Chaohua, Lin, Wei, Liu, Siqi, Pan, Hao, Tang, Xiaoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Wei, Yu, Jun, Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Qingrun, Zhao, Hongbin, Zhao, Hui, Zhou, Jun, Gabriel, Stacey B., Barry, Rachel, Blumenstiel, Brendan, Camargo, Amy, Defelice, Matthew, Faggart, Maura, Goyette, Mary, Gupta, Supriya, Moore, Jamie, Nguyen, Huy, Onofrio, Robert C., Parkin, Melissa, Roy, Jessica, Stahl, Erich, Winchester, Ellen, Ziaugra, Liuda, Shen, Yan, Yao, Zhijian, Huang, Wei, Chu, Xun, He, Yungang, Jin, Li, Liu, Yangfan, Shen, Yayun, Sun, Weiwei, Wang, Haifeng, Wang, Yi, Wang, Ying, Xiong, Xiaoyan, Xu, Liang, Waye, Mary M.Y., Tsui, Stephen K.W., Wong, J. Tze-Fei, Galver, Luana M., Fan, Jian-Bing, Gunderson, Kevin, Murray, Sarah S., Oliphant, Arnold R., Chee, Mark S., Montpetit, Alexandre, Chagnon, Fanny, Ferretti, Vincent, Leboeuf, Martin, Olivier, Jean-Franccois, Phillips, Michael S., Roumy, Stephanie, Sallee, Clementine, Verner, Andrei, Hudson, Thomas J., Kwok, Pui-Yan, Cai, Dongmei, Koboldt, Daniel C., Miller, Raymond D., Pawlikowska, Ludmila, Taillon-Miller, Patricia, Xiao, Ming, Tsui, Lap-Chee, Mak, William, Song, You Qiang, Tam, Paul K.H., Nakamura, Yusuke, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kitamoto, Takuya, Morizono, Takashi, Nagashima, Atsushi, Ohnishi, Yozo, and Sekine, Akihiro

Abstract

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r(2) of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r(2) of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.

Published
2009

11. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

Author

Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, Sanger Ctr, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, Cambs, England, Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA, Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA, Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA, RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Genoscope, F-91057 Evry, France, CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France, Genome Therapeut Corp, GTC Sequencing Ctr, Waltham, MA 02453 USA, Inst Mol Biotechnol, Dept Genome Anal, D-07745 Jena, Germany, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet, Ctr Human Genome, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China, So China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, No China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Inst Syst Biol, Multimegabase Sequencing Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA, Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Stanford Univ, Stanford Human Genome Ctrr, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Mol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA, Univ Oklahoma, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Ctr, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, GBF, German Res Ctr Biotechnol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany, NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England, Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13125 Berlin, Germany, MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA, RIKEN, Yokoham Inst, Genom Sci Ctr, Genom Explorat Res Grp, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Genet, Smurfit Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland, Compaq Comp Corp, Cambridge Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, MIT, Genome Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Weizmann Inst Sci, Crown Human Genet Ctr, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel, Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel, Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England, Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, US Dept Energy, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA, Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, England, Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M.C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M., FitzHugh, W., Funke, R., Gage, D., Harris, K., Heaford, A., Howland, J., Kann, L., Lehoczky, J., LeVine, R., McEwan, P., McKernan, K., Meldrim, J., Mesirov, J.P., Miranda, C., Morris, W., Naylor, J., Raymond, C., Rosetti, M., Santos, R., Sheridan, A., Sougnez, C., Stange-Thomann, N., Stojanovic, N., Subramanian, A., Wyman, D., Rogers, J., Sulston, J., Ainscough, R., Beck, S., Bentley, D., Burton, J., Clee, C., Carter, N., Coulson, A., Deadman, R., Deloukas, P., Dunham, A., Dunham, I., Durbin, R., French, L., Grafham, D., Gregory, S., Hubbard, T., Humphray, S., Hunt, A., Jones, M., Lloyd, C., McMurray, A., Matthews, L., Mercer, S., Milne, S., Mullikin, J.C., Mungall, A., Plumb, R., Ross, M., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S., Waterston, R.H., Wilson, R.K., Hillier, L.W., McPherson, John D., Marra, M.A., Mardis, E.R., Fulton, L.A., Chinwalla, A.T., Pepin, K.H., Gish, W.R., Chissoe, S.L., Wendl, M.C., Delehaunty, K.D., Miner, T.L., Delehaunty, A., Kramer, J.B., Cook, L.L., Fulton, R.S., Johnson, D.L., Minx, P.J., Clifton, S.W., Hawkins, T., Branscomb, E., Predki, P., Richardson, P., Wenning, S., Slezak, T., Doggett, N., Cheng, J.F., Olsen, A., Lucas, S., Elkin, C., Uberbacher, E.C., Frazier, M., Gibbs, R.A., Muzny, D.M., Scherer, S.E., Bouck, J.B., Sodergren, E.J., Worley, K.C., Rives, C.M., Gorrell, J.H., Metzker, M.L., Naylor, S.L., Kucherlapati, R.S., Nelson, D.L., Weinstock, G.M., Sakaki, Y., Fujiyama, A., Hattori, M., Yada, T., Toyoda, A., Itoh, T., Kawagoe, C., Watanabe, H., Totoki, Y., Taylor, T., Weissenbach, J., Heilig, R., Saurin, W., Artiguenave, F., Brottier, P., Bruls, T., Pelletier, E., Robert, C., Wincker, P., Rosenthal, A., Platzer, M., Nyakatura, G., Taudien, S., Rump, A., Yang, H.M., Yu, J., Wang, J., Huang, G.Y., Gu, J., Hood, L., Rowen, L., Madan, A., Qin, S.Z., Davis, R.W., Federspiel, N.A., Abola, A.P., Proctor, M.J., Myers, R.M., Schmutz, J., Dickson, M., Grimwood, J., Cox, D.R., Olson, M.V., Kaul, R., Shimizu, N., Kawasaki, K., Minoshima, S., Evans, G.A., Athanasiou, M., Schultz, R., Roe, B.A., Chen, F., Pan, H.Q., Ramser, J., Lehrach, H., Reinhardt, R., McCombie, W.R., De la Bastide, M., Dedhia, N., Blocker, H., Hornischer, K., Nordsiek, G., Agarwala, R., Aravind, L., Bailey, J.A., Bateman, A., Batzoglou, S., Birney, E., Bork, P., Brown, D.G., Burge, C.B., Cerutti, L., Chen, H.C., Church, D., Clamp, M., Copley, R.R., Doerks, T., Eddy, S.R., Eichler, E.E., Furey, T.S., Galagan, J., Gilbert, Jgr, Harmon, C., Hayashizaki, Y., Haussler, D., Hermjakob, H., Hokamp, K., Jang, W.H., Johnson, L.S., Jones, T.A., Kasif, S., Kaspryzk, A., Kennedy, S., Kent, W.J., Kitts, P., Koonin, E.V., Korf, I., Kulp, D., Lancet, D., Lowe, T.M., McLysaght, A., Mikkelsen, T., Moran, J.V., Mulder, N., Pollara, V.J., Ponting, C.P., Schuler, G., Schultz, J.R., Slater, G., Smit, A.F.A., Stupka, E., Szustakowki, J., Thierry-Mieg, D., Thierry-Mieg, J., Wagner, L., Wallis, J., Wheeler, R., Williams, A., Wolf, Y.I., Wolfe, K.H., Yang, S.P., Yeh, R.F., Collins, F., Guyer, M.S., Peterson, J., Felsenfeld, A., Wetterstrand, K.A., Patrinos, A., Morgan, M.J., Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, Sanger Ctr, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, Cambs, England, Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA, Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA, Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA, RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Genoscope, F-91057 Evry, France, CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France, Genome Therapeut Corp, GTC Sequencing Ctr, Waltham, MA 02453 USA, Inst Mol Biotechnol, Dept Genome Anal, D-07745 Jena, Germany, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet, Ctr Human Genome, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China, So China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, No China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Inst Syst Biol, Multimegabase Sequencing Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA, Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Stanford Univ, Stanford Human Genome Ctrr, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Mol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA, Univ Oklahoma, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Ctr, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, GBF, German Res Ctr Biotechnol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany, NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England, Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13125 Berlin, Germany, MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA, RIKEN, Yokoham Inst, Genom Sci Ctr, Genom Explorat Res Grp, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Genet, Smurfit Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland, Compaq Comp Corp, Cambridge Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, MIT, Genome Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Weizmann Inst Sci, Crown Human Genet Ctr, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel, Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel, Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England, Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, US Dept Energy, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA, Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, England, Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M.C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M., FitzHugh, W., Funke, R., Gage, D., Harris, K., Heaford, A., Howland, J., Kann, L., Lehoczky, J., LeVine, R., McEwan, P., McKernan, K., Meldrim, J., Mesirov, J.P., Miranda, C., Morris, W., Naylor, J., Raymond, C., Rosetti, M., Santos, R., Sheridan, A., Sougnez, C., Stange-Thomann, N., Stojanovic, N., Subramanian, A., Wyman, D., Rogers, J., Sulston, J., Ainscough, R., Beck, S., Bentley, D., Burton, J., Clee, C., Carter, N., Coulson, A., Deadman, R., Deloukas, P., Dunham, A., Dunham, I., Durbin, R., French, L., Grafham, D., Gregory, S., Hubbard, T., Humphray, S., Hunt, A., Jones, M., Lloyd, C., McMurray, A., Matthews, L., Mercer, S., Milne, S., Mullikin, J.C., Mungall, A., Plumb, R., Ross, M., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S., Waterston, R.H., Wilson, R.K., Hillier, L.W., McPherson, John D., Marra, M.A., Mardis, E.R., Fulton, L.A., Chinwalla, A.T., Pepin, K.H., Gish, W.R., Chissoe, S.L., Wendl, M.C., Delehaunty, K.D., Miner, T.L., Delehaunty, A., Kramer, J.B., Cook, L.L., Fulton, R.S., Johnson, D.L., Minx, P.J., Clifton, S.W., Hawkins, T., Branscomb, E., Predki, P., Richardson, P., Wenning, S., Slezak, T., Doggett, N., Cheng, J.F., Olsen, A., Lucas, S., Elkin, C., Uberbacher, E.C., Frazier, M., Gibbs, R.A., Muzny, D.M., Scherer, S.E., Bouck, J.B., Sodergren, E.J., Worley, K.C., Rives, C.M., Gorrell, J.H., Metzker, M.L., Naylor, S.L., Kucherlapati, R.S., Nelson, D.L., Weinstock, G.M., Sakaki, Y., Fujiyama, A., Hattori, M., Yada, T., Toyoda, A., Itoh, T., Kawagoe, C., Watanabe, H., Totoki, Y., Taylor, T., Weissenbach, J., Heilig, R., Saurin, W., Artiguenave, F., Brottier, P., Bruls, T., Pelletier, E., Robert, C., Wincker, P., Rosenthal, A., Platzer, M., Nyakatura, G., Taudien, S., Rump, A., Yang, H.M., Yu, J., Wang, J., Huang, G.Y., Gu, J., Hood, L., Rowen, L., Madan, A., Qin, S.Z., Davis, R.W., Federspiel, N.A., Abola, A.P., Proctor, M.J., Myers, R.M., Schmutz, J., Dickson, M., Grimwood, J., Cox, D.R., Olson, M.V., Kaul, R., Shimizu, N., Kawasaki, K., Minoshima, S., Evans, G.A., Athanasiou, M., Schultz, R., Roe, B.A., Chen, F., Pan, H.Q., Ramser, J., Lehrach, H., Reinhardt, R., McCombie, W.R., De la Bastide, M., Dedhia, N., Blocker, H., Hornischer, K., Nordsiek, G., Agarwala, R., Aravind, L., Bailey, J.A., Bateman, A., Batzoglou, S., Birney, E., Bork, P., Brown, D.G., Burge, C.B., Cerutti, L., Chen, H.C., Church, D., Clamp, M., Copley, R.R., Doerks, T., Eddy, S.R., Eichler, E.E., Furey, T.S., Galagan, J., Gilbert, Jgr, Harmon, C., Hayashizaki, Y., Haussler, D., Hermjakob, H., Hokamp, K., Jang, W.H., Johnson, L.S., Jones, T.A., Kasif, S., Kaspryzk, A., Kennedy, S., Kent, W.J., Kitts, P., Koonin, E.V., Korf, I., Kulp, D., Lancet, D., Lowe, T.M., McLysaght, A., Mikkelsen, T., Moran, J.V., Mulder, N., Pollara, V.J., Ponting, C.P., Schuler, G., Schultz, J.R., Slater, G., Smit, A.F.A., Stupka, E., Szustakowki, J., Thierry-Mieg, D., Thierry-Mieg, J., Wagner, L., Wallis, J., Wheeler, R., Williams, A., Wolf, Y.I., Wolfe, K.H., Yang, S.P., Yeh, R.F., Collins, F., Guyer, M.S., Peterson, J., Felsenfeld, A., Wetterstrand, K.A., Patrinos, A., and Morgan, M.J.

Abstract

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

Published
2009

13. Multi-Factor Optimization and Factor Interactions during Product Innovation

Author

Jan Hron, Macak, Tomas, Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Fac Econ Amp, and Management

Subjects
design of experiments, redundancy factor, process improvement, Agricultural and Food Policy, efficiency, multi-criteria optimization, effectiveness, synergy, Agribusiness, Innovation, logic function, expert system
Abstract

In this paper, we develop core of an expert system for planning of innovation. The practical outcome of the paper is based on rules determination for search of perspective innovation and its distinguish from commercially unperceptive innovation. The second practical outcome of the paper is a research of interactions between factors during optimization of the product. In general, we gain process synergy, which can be a source of competitive advantage during product innovation in the presence of organizational complexity by systematically moving through the process definition, control, and improvement elements. The improvement elements can cause interactions between these elements (or factors/process parameters). First, we have to distinguish between synergistic and antagonistic interactions. For synergistic interaction can be used graphic illustration - lines on the plot do not cross each other. In contrast, for antagonistic interaction, the lines on the plot cross each other. In this case, the change in mean response for factor at low level is noticeable high compared to high level. Searching for positive interactions leading to the creation of synergies in the performances we can do at each stage of management innovations. At first, we realize only part of the possible gain, with unrealized potential remaining. Using process control, over time, we stabilize our process and obtain additional limited gain. Using process improvement, we can realize additional gain (it looks as short vertical line during the time), with some potential gain remaining. When new, feasible options develop, we can redefined our process and continue with our control and improvement efforts. Hence, each process-related issue definition, control, improvement has a distinct role to play. Confusion between roles or the omission of any of the roles creates disharmony and frustration in the production system, which ultimately limits production system effectiveness and efficiency. Sometimes, in the presence of confusion, it is possible that effectiveness and efficiency may decrease. In this situation, we hope to learn from our negative factor interactions (or failures) and subsequently improvement trends in long term with using sophisticated methods and own intuition. This paper objective is to create rules for planning innovation expert system. According to this rules will be possible to distinguish perspective innovation from commercially unperceptive innovation. The second paper objective is to explore interactions between factors during a product optimization. For this purpose will be used the methodology based on minimization of logic functions and design of experiments (analytical tools of DOE).

Published
2012
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16. Performance bounds on depth estimation of bioelectrical sources

Author

Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Xydis, T. G., Yagle, Andrew E., Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Xydis, T. G., and Yagle, Andrew E.

Abstract

The unknown depth of bioelectrical sources confined to a horizontal plane in a horizontally layered volume conductor is estimated from noisy measurements of electrical potential on another, parallel plane (e.g. the surface). The Cramer-Rao bound is computed and discussed. Numerical simulations suggest the maximum likelihood depth estimate is asymptotically efficient.

Published
2006

17. Finite-temperature properties of perfect crystals and defects from zero-temperature energy minimization

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Rickman, J. M., Najafabadi, R., Zhao, L., Srolovitz, David J., Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Rickman, J. M., Najafabadi, R., Zhao, L., and Srolovitz, David J.

Abstract

A method for calculating the thermodynamic properties of both classical perfect crystals and defects by performing a single zero-temperature energy minimization is described. This method is based upon the calculation of a local harmonic free energy as performed by LeSar et al. and by Sutton, and involves determining the dynamical matrix, Gruneisen parameters, and the elastic properties of the system. The dependence of the free energy and the lattice parameter of a perfect Au crystal on temperature are accurately determined with this method. The validity of this method is demonstrated by accurately determining the temperature dependence of the vacancy formation energy, the excess free energy of a (100) surface, and the excess free energy of a Sigma 13 (001) (22.62 degrees ) twist grain boundary.

Published
2006

18. Interatomic potentials for elastically isotropic crystals

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Najafabadi, R., Srolovitz, David J., Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Najafabadi, R., and Srolovitz, David J.

Abstract

We introduce a simple approach to fitting interatomic potentials to represent elastically isotropic solids, in order to make direct comparisons with the predictions of isotropic linear elasticity. The potentials are of the Finnis-Sinclair type and are parametrized to fit Au and Ag. Under uniaxial loading, it was shown that the solids modelled employing the 'elastically isotropic' potentials remain elastically isotropic for strains of 0.5% or less. The properties of the (001), (011) and (111) surfaces were determined and compared with those of elastically anisotropic Au and Ag. It was also found that the surface energy anisotropy is lower in solids modelled employing 'elastically isotropic' potentials than in those represented by elastically anisotropic potentials.

Published
2006

19. Simulation of dynamic fracture of an impact-loaded brittle solid

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Smith, R. W., Srolovitz, David J., Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Smith, R. W., and Srolovitz, David J.

Abstract

A new model for simulating dynamic fracture in impact-loaded solids is presented. This model is based upon the traditional molecular dynamics procedure, but accounts for the irreversible nature of the fracture process by deleting the attractive part of the particle interaction potential when the bond between two particles is stretched beyond a critical length. This critical length is determined by comparison with Griffith theory. In the present paper, the model is applied to a two-dimensional homogeneous solid in the absence of microstructure (microstructural effects are treated in a subsequent publication). When the impact zone is much smaller man the size of the sample, or the impact zone is wide and the impact amplitude is large, the first crack forms a finite distance ahead of the impact zone. Static continuum elasticity theory shows that the position of this first crack occurs at the position of the maximum tensile stress. This crack then propagates back to the edges of the impact zone and forward into the sample, thereby creating an X-shaped crack pattern. The tips of the X-shaped crack propagate more slowly than the stress wave and hence strong deviations from this pattern are observed when the stress wave passes the crack tips. When the predominantly compressive stress wave reflects off the back free surface, a tensile wave propagates back into the sample creating even more damage. This damage occurs in bands parallel to and set back from the back surface.

Published
2006

20. Numerical performance of layer stripping algorithms for two-dimensional inverse scattering problems

Author

Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Yagle, Andrew E., Raadhakrishnan, P., Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Yagle, Andrew E., and Raadhakrishnan, P.

Abstract

Numerical results of implementing a two-dimensional layer stripping algorithm to solve the two-dimensional Schrodinger equation inverse potential problem are presented and discussed. This is the first exact (all multiple scattering and diffraction effects are included) numerical solution of a multi-dimensional Schrodinger equation inverse potential problem, excluding optimization-based approaches. The results are as follows: (1) the layer stripping algorithm successfully reconstructed the potential from scattering data measured on a plane (as it would be in many applications); (2) the algorithm avoids multiple scattering errors present in Born approximation reconstructions; and (3) the algorithm is insensitive to small amounts of noise in the scattering data. Simplifications of layer stripping and invariant imbedding algorithms under the Born approximation are also discussed.

Published
2006

21. Time-resolved observation of ballistic acceleration of electrons in GaAs quantum wells

Author

Ultrafast Sci. Lab., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Sha, W., Norris, T. B., Schaff, W. J., Meyer, K. E., Ultrafast Sci. Lab., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Sha, W., Norris, T. B., Schaff, W. J., and Meyer, K. E.

Abstract

The authors have studied high-field parallel transport of photoinjected carriers in GaAs quantum wells using femtosecond optical spectroscopy. They have directly observed the transient nonequilibrium distribution functions that occur during the field-induced acceleration of the electrons. At a high field (16 kV cm-1), a nonthermal high-energy tail in the distribution function is apparent during the first 150 fs, which is due to electrons ballistically accelerated from the band edge. At later times, the authors observe the relaxation of the applied electric field due both to radiation from the accelerating carriers and from the build-up of space charge as the electron and hole gases separate.

Published
2006

22. Soliton dragging in discrete and distributed amplifiers

Author

Dept. of Elect. Eng. & Comp. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Islam, M. N., Mihailidi, M., Soccolich, C. E., deSouza, E. A., Pleibel, W., Stolen, R. H., Simpson, J. R., DiGiovanni, D. J., Dept. of Elect. Eng. & Comp. Sci., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Islam, M. N., Mihailidi, M., Soccolich, C. E., deSouza, E. A., Pleibel, W., Stolen, R. H., Simpson, J. R., and DiGiovanni, D. J.

Abstract

The authors introduce erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) into soliton-dragging logic gates (SDLG) to improve their performance in terms of switching energy, fan-out and tolerance to timing jitter. In particular, they experimentally and numerically examine the frequency shifts associated with soliton dragging for orthogonally polarized pulses interacting in discrete and distributed amplifiers. The authors show that EDFA asymmetrize the interaction between pulses, leading to a frequency shift even when pulses completely walk through each other. The gain can increase the fan-out and/or reduce the switching energy, while proper positioning of the amplifier can loosen the timing restrictions for SDLG. We find reasonable agreement between calculations and measurements in the discrete amplifier case. However, discrepancies for the distributed amplifier case may result from non-uniform gain profiles along the length of the amplifier.

Published
2006

23. Simulation of dynamic fracture of an impact-loaded brittle solid: microcracked and polycrystalline solids

Author

Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Smith, R. W., Srolovitz, David J., Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Ann Arbor, Smith, R. W., and Srolovitz, David J.

Abstract

A modified molecular dynamics method is introduced to describe the dynamic fracture and damage accumulation of impact-loaded brittle solids with realistic microstructural features. We examine the influence of pre-existing microcracks and grain boundaries on dynamic fracture. Pre-existing microcracks were found to increase the total damage (pre-existing damage plus accumulated damage due to impact) within a material for all combinations of impact pulse height and microcrack concentration studied. The damage accumulated due to the impact itself, however, is found to increase with increasing concentration of pre-existing microcracks at low impact pulse heights and to decrease with increasing concentration at higher impact levels. Therefore, microcracks may either enhance cracking by providing weaker crack paths or retard it by reflecting and dissipating tensile elastic waves. The presence of weak grain boundaries in a polycrystalline material enhances intergranular fracture while diverting cracks away from grain interiors. Weak grain boundaries lead to the fragmentation of the polycrystalline material into grain size powders. The number of broken grain boundary bonds increases and the number of broken matrix bonds decreases as the grain boundary bond strength is reduced. At low impact pulse strength the total number of broken bonds increases as the grain boundary bonds are weakened, but at high pulse strengths, the total number of broken bonds is reduced as the grain boundary bond strength is reduced. Increasing impact strength shifts the fracture mode from intergranular to transgranular. The principal influence of both microcracks and grain boundaries appears to be their ability to scatter elastic waves propagating through the material.

Published
2006

24. Enabling location-aware pervasive computing applications for the edlerly

Author

Helal, Sumi, Winkler, B., Lee, C., Kaddoura, Y., Ran, L., Giraldo, C., Kuchibhotla, S., Mann, W., (CSE@UTA), IEEE Computer Society; Comput. Sci. Eng. Univ. Texas Arlington, Helal, Sumi, Winkler, B., Lee, C., Kaddoura, Y., Ran, L., Giraldo, C., Kuchibhotla, S., Mann, W., and (CSE@UTA), IEEE Computer Society; Comput. Sci. Eng. Univ. Texas Arlington

Abstract

The Pervasive Computing Laboratory at the University of Florida is dedicated to creating smart environments and assistants to enable elderly persons to live a longer and a more independent life at home. By achieving this goal, technology will increase the chances of successful aging despite an ailing Health Care system (e.g. Medicaid). One of the essential services required to maximize the intelligence of a smart environment is an indoor precision tracking system. Such system allows the smart home to make proactive decisions to better serve its occupants by enabling context-awareness instead of being solely reactive to their commands. This paper presents our hands-on experience and lessons learnt from our first phase work to build up a smart home infrastructure for the elderly. We review location tracking technology and describe the rational behind our choice of the emerging ultrasonic sensor technology. We give an overview of the House of Matilda (an in-laboratory mock up house) and describe our design of a precision in-door tracking system. We also describe an OSGi-based robust framework that abstracts the ultrasonic technology into a standard service to enable the creation of tracking based applications by third party, and to facilitate the collaboration among various devices and other OSGi services. Finally, we describe three pervasive computing applications that use the location-tracking system which we have implemented in Matilda's house. © 2003 IEEE.

Published
2003

25. Microbial characteristics in homes of asthmatic and non-asthmatic adults in the ECRHS cohort

Author

1 ] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Living Environm & Hlth Unit, Kuopio, Finland Show more [ 2 ] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland Show more [ 3 ] Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland Show more [ 4 ] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 5 ] UPF, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 6 ] CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 7 ] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Ctr Environm & Hlth, Leuven, Belgium [ 8 ] Res Fdn Flanders FWO, Brussels, Belgium Show more [ 9 ] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Head Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland Show more [ 10 ] Univ Basel, Dept Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland Show more [ 11 ] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Occupat & Environm Med, Umea, Sweden Show more [ 12 ] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Show more [ 13 ] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden Show more [ 14 ] Univ Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, U 1209, Grenoble, France [ 15 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp E7, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 16 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 17 ] Imperial Coll, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Populat Hlth & Occupat Dis, London, England Show more [ 18 ] Imperial Coll, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England Show more [ 19 ] Ludwig Maximillians Univ Munich, Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, German Ctr Lung Res DZL, Munich, Germany Show more [ 20 ] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 1, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, German, Living Environment and Health Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Kuopio Finland, ISGlobal; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain, Centre for Environment and Health - Department of Public Health and Primary Care; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium, Head Department Epidemiology and Public Health; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden, CHU de Grenoble Alpes; INSERM U 1209; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep; Landspitali University Hospital (E7); Reykjavik Iceland, Population Health and Occupational Disease; Imperial College; National Heart and Lung Institute; London UK, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; University Hospital Munich; Ludwig Maximillians University Munich; Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany, Valkonen, M., Täubel, M., Pekkanen, J., Tischer, C., Rintala, H., Zock, J.-P., Casas, L., Probst-Hensch, N., Forsberg, B., Holm, M., Janson, C., Pin, I., Gislason, T., Jarvis, D., Heinrich, J., Hyvärinen, A., 1 ] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Living Environm & Hlth Unit, Kuopio, Finland Show more [ 2 ] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland Show more [ 3 ] Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland Show more [ 4 ] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 5 ] UPF, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 6 ] CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain Show more [ 7 ] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Ctr Environm & Hlth, Leuven, Belgium [ 8 ] Res Fdn Flanders FWO, Brussels, Belgium Show more [ 9 ] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Head Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland Show more [ 10 ] Univ Basel, Dept Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland Show more [ 11 ] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Occupat & Environm Med, Umea, Sweden Show more [ 12 ] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Show more [ 13 ] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden Show more [ 14 ] Univ Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, U 1209, Grenoble, France [ 15 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp E7, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 16 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Show more [ 17 ] Imperial Coll, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Populat Hlth & Occupat Dis, London, England Show more [ 18 ] Imperial Coll, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England Show more [ 19 ] Ludwig Maximillians Univ Munich, Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, German Ctr Lung Res DZL, Munich, Germany Show more [ 20 ] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 1, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, German, Living Environment and Health Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Kuopio Finland, ISGlobal; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain, Centre for Environment and Health - Department of Public Health and Primary Care; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium, Head Department Epidemiology and Public Health; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden, CHU de Grenoble Alpes; INSERM U 1209; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep; Landspitali University Hospital (E7); Reykjavik Iceland, Population Health and Occupational Disease; Imperial College; National Heart and Lung Institute; London UK, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; University Hospital Munich; Ludwig Maximillians University Munich; Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany, Valkonen, M., Täubel, M., Pekkanen, J., Tischer, C., Rintala, H., Zock, J.-P., Casas, L., Probst-Hensch, N., Forsberg, B., Holm, M., Janson, C., Pin, I., Gislason, T., Jarvis, D., Heinrich, J., and Hyvärinen, A.

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink below, Microbial exposures in homes of asthmatic adults have been rarely investigated; specificities and implications for respiratory health are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations of microbial levels with asthma status, asthma symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and atopy. Mattress dust samples of 199 asthmatics and 198 control subjects from 7 European countries participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II study were analyzed for fungal and bacterial cell wall components and individual taxa. We observed trends for protective associations of higher levels of mostly bacterial markers. Increased levels of muramic acid, a cell wall component predominant in Gram-positive bacteria, tended to be inversely associated with asthma (OR's for different quartiles: II 0.71 [0.39-1.30], III 0.44 [0.23-0.82], and IV 0.60 [0.31-1.18] P for trend .07) and with asthma score (P for trend .06) and with atopy (P for trend .02). These associations were more pronounced in northern Europe. This study among adults across Europe supports a potential protective effect of Gram-positive bacteria in mattress dust and points out that this may be more pronounced in areas where microbial exposure levels are generally lower.

26. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 levels and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Author

[ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Congenital Disorders, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark [ 4 ] Landspitali, Internal Med Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali, Surg Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland, Skuladottir, G V, Cohen, A, Arnar, D O, Hougaard, D M, Torfason, B, Palsson, R, Indridason, O S, [ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Congenital Disorders, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark [ 4 ] Landspitali, Internal Med Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali, Surg Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland, Skuladottir, G V, Cohen, A, Arnar, D O, Hougaard, D M, Torfason, B, Palsson, R, and Indridason, O S

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access., Low circulating levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) have been associated with an increased risk of adverse effects after cardiac surgery. The metabolites, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, provide a good index of vitamin D status. In this study, we examined the association between preoperative plasma levels of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 and the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) following open heart surgery. The levels of plasma 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in 118 patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery, were measured immediately prior to surgery and on postoperative day 3 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients who developed POAF had higher median plasma levels of 25(OH)D2 than those who remained in sinus rhythm (SR) (P = 0·003), but no significant difference was noted in levels of 25(OH)D3 or total 25(OH)D between the two groups (P > 0·05). By univariate analysis, patients with total 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D2 levels above the median had higher frequency of POAF (P < 0·05) and the incidence of POAF increased significantly with each higher quartile of preoperative plasma levels of 25(OH)D2 (P = 0·001), an association that was independent of confounding factors. In both the SR and POAF groups, the median plasma levels of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3 and total 25(OH)D were lower (P < 0·05) on the third postoperative day compared with preoperatively. Our findings demonstrate that higher plasma levels of 25(OH)D2 are associated with increased risk of POAF, while this is not the case for 25(OH)D3 or total 25(OH)D. The reason for these discrepant results is not clear but warrants further study.

27. Oculomotor Deficits after Chemotherapy in Childhood.

Author

[ 1 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ E London, Sch Biosci, London E15 4LZ, England [ 4 ] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Brain Sci, London, England [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Lund, Sweden [ 7 ] Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Lund, Swede, Einarsson, Einar-Jón, Patel, Mitesh, Petersen, Hannes, Wiebe, Thomas, Magnusson, Måns, Moëll, Christian, Fransson, Per-Anders, [ 1 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ E London, Sch Biosci, London E15 4LZ, England [ 4 ] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Brain Sci, London, England [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Lund, Sweden [ 7 ] Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Lund, Swede, Einarsson, Einar-Jón, Patel, Mitesh, Petersen, Hannes, Wiebe, Thomas, Magnusson, Måns, Moëll, Christian, and Fransson, Per-Anders

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access., Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malignancies have substantially increased the number of childhood cancer survivors. However, reports suggest that some of the chemotherapy agents used for treatment can cross the blood brain barrier which may lead to a host of neurological symptoms including oculomotor dysfunction. Whether chemotherapy at young age causes oculomotor dysfunction later in life is unknown. Oculomotor performance was assessed with traditional and novel methods in 23 adults (mean age 25.3 years, treatment age 10.2 years) treated with chemotherapy for a solid malignant tumor not affecting the central nervous system. Their results were compared to those from 25 healthy, age-matched controls (mean age 25.1 years). Correlation analysis was performed between the subjective symptoms reported by the chemotherapy treated subjects (CTS) and oculomotor performance. In CTS, the temporal control of the smooth pursuit velocity (velocity accuracy) was markedly poorer (p<0.001) and the saccades had disproportionally shorter amplitude than normal for the associated saccade peak velocity (main sequence) (p = 0.004), whereas smooth pursuit and saccade onset times were shorter (p = 0.004) in CTS compared with controls. The CTS treated before 12 years of age manifested more severe oculomotor deficits. CTS frequently reported subjective symptoms of visual disturbances (70%), unsteadiness, light-headedness and that things around them were spinning or moving (87%). Several subjective symptoms were significantly related to deficits in oculomotor performance. To conclude, chemotherapy in childhood or adolescence can result in severe oculomotor dysfunctions in adulthood. The revealed oculomotor dysfunctions were significantly related to the subjects' self-perception of visual disturbances, dizziness, light-headedness and sensing unsteadiness. Assessments of oculomotor function may, thus, offer an objective method to track and rate the level of neurological comp

28. The Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) Study: Design and Characteristics

Author

[ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, Olsen, Jørgen H., [ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, and Olsen, Jørgen H.

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page, Background. During the last five decades, survival of childhood cancer has increased from 25% to 80%. At the same time, however, it has become evident that survivors experience a broad range of therapy-related late adverse health effects. The aim of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study is to investigate long-term health consequences of past and current therapies in order to improve follow-up care of survivors and to reduce treatment-related morbidity of future patients. Procedure. Childhood cancer survivors were identified through the five Nordic cancer registries and a comparison cohort was established through random selection of cancer-free individuals from the civil registration systems. A unique personal identification number was used to link between different health registries. Abstraction of treatment information for a subset of survivors allows investigation of the association between the various components of cancer therapy and late occurring comorbidity. Results. The childhood cancer survivor cohort comprises 33,160 1-year survivors and the comparison cohort comprises 212,892 cancer free individuals from the general population. In the childhood cancer survivor cohort, all types of childhood cancer are represented including leukemia (21%), lymphoma (14%), central nervous system tumors (24%), sarcomas (5%), retinoblastoma (3%), and neuroblastoma (4%). Among the survivors, 22% have been followed beyond the age of 40 years. Conclusion. The ALiCCS study constitutes a new large resource for research on late effects of childhood cancers that include all types of childhood malignancies and has followed a large proportion of the survivors well into late adulthood.

29. The Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) Study: Design and Characteristics

Author

[ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, Olsen, Jørgen H., [ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, and Olsen, Jørgen H.

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page, Background. During the last five decades, survival of childhood cancer has increased from 25% to 80%. At the same time, however, it has become evident that survivors experience a broad range of therapy-related late adverse health effects. The aim of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study is to investigate long-term health consequences of past and current therapies in order to improve follow-up care of survivors and to reduce treatment-related morbidity of future patients. Procedure. Childhood cancer survivors were identified through the five Nordic cancer registries and a comparison cohort was established through random selection of cancer-free individuals from the civil registration systems. A unique personal identification number was used to link between different health registries. Abstraction of treatment information for a subset of survivors allows investigation of the association between the various components of cancer therapy and late occurring comorbidity. Results. The childhood cancer survivor cohort comprises 33,160 1-year survivors and the comparison cohort comprises 212,892 cancer free individuals from the general population. In the childhood cancer survivor cohort, all types of childhood cancer are represented including leukemia (21%), lymphoma (14%), central nervous system tumors (24%), sarcomas (5%), retinoblastoma (3%), and neuroblastoma (4%). Among the survivors, 22% have been followed beyond the age of 40 years. Conclusion. The ALiCCS study constitutes a new large resource for research on late effects of childhood cancers that include all types of childhood malignancies and has followed a large proportion of the survivors well into late adulthood.

30. Cyclic mechanical stretch down-regulates cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression and activates a pro-inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

[ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn, [ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, and Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access., Mechanical ventilation (MV) of patients can cause damage to bronchoalveolar epithelium, leading to a sterile inflammatory response, infection and in severe cases sepsis. Limited knowledge is available on the effects of MV on the innate immune defense system in the human lung. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic stretch of the human bronchial epithelial cell lines VA10 and BCi NS 1.1 leads to down-regulation of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide ( CAMP ) gene expression. We show that treatment of VA10 cells with vitamin D3 and/or 4-phenyl butyric acid counteracted cyclic stretch mediated down-regulation of CAMP mRNA and protein expression (LL-37). Further, we observed an increase in pro-inflammatory responses in the VA10 cell line subjected to cyclic stretch. The mRNA expression of the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1 β was increased after cyclic stretching, where as a decrease in gene expression of chemokines IP-10 and RANTES was observed. Cyclic stretch enhanced oxidative stress in the VA10 cells. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 3 , TLR5 and TLR8 was reduced, while the gene expression of TLR2 was increased in VA10 cells after cyclic stretch. In conclusion, our in vitro results indicate that cyclic stretch may differentially modulate innate immunity by down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression and increase in pro-inflammatory responses.

31. Cyclic mechanical stretch down-regulates cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression and activates a pro-inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

[ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn, [ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, and Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access., Mechanical ventilation (MV) of patients can cause damage to bronchoalveolar epithelium, leading to a sterile inflammatory response, infection and in severe cases sepsis. Limited knowledge is available on the effects of MV on the innate immune defense system in the human lung. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic stretch of the human bronchial epithelial cell lines VA10 and BCi NS 1.1 leads to down-regulation of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide ( CAMP ) gene expression. We show that treatment of VA10 cells with vitamin D3 and/or 4-phenyl butyric acid counteracted cyclic stretch mediated down-regulation of CAMP mRNA and protein expression (LL-37). Further, we observed an increase in pro-inflammatory responses in the VA10 cell line subjected to cyclic stretch. The mRNA expression of the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1 β was increased after cyclic stretching, where as a decrease in gene expression of chemokines IP-10 and RANTES was observed. Cyclic stretch enhanced oxidative stress in the VA10 cells. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 3 , TLR5 and TLR8 was reduced, while the gene expression of TLR2 was increased in VA10 cells after cyclic stretch. In conclusion, our in vitro results indicate that cyclic stretch may differentially modulate innate immunity by down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression and increase in pro-inflammatory responses.

32. The Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) Study: Design and Characteristics

Author

[ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, Olsen, Jørgen H., [ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, and Olsen, Jørgen H.

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page, Background. During the last five decades, survival of childhood cancer has increased from 25% to 80%. At the same time, however, it has become evident that survivors experience a broad range of therapy-related late adverse health effects. The aim of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study is to investigate long-term health consequences of past and current therapies in order to improve follow-up care of survivors and to reduce treatment-related morbidity of future patients. Procedure. Childhood cancer survivors were identified through the five Nordic cancer registries and a comparison cohort was established through random selection of cancer-free individuals from the civil registration systems. A unique personal identification number was used to link between different health registries. Abstraction of treatment information for a subset of survivors allows investigation of the association between the various components of cancer therapy and late occurring comorbidity. Results. The childhood cancer survivor cohort comprises 33,160 1-year survivors and the comparison cohort comprises 212,892 cancer free individuals from the general population. In the childhood cancer survivor cohort, all types of childhood cancer are represented including leukemia (21%), lymphoma (14%), central nervous system tumors (24%), sarcomas (5%), retinoblastoma (3%), and neuroblastoma (4%). Among the survivors, 22% have been followed beyond the age of 40 years. Conclusion. The ALiCCS study constitutes a new large resource for research on late effects of childhood cancers that include all types of childhood malignancies and has followed a large proportion of the survivors well into late adulthood.

33. Cyclic mechanical stretch down-regulates cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression and activates a pro-inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

[ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn, [ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Biomed Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Biomed Ctr,Dept Anat,Stem Cell Res Unit, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 4 ] Univ Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Hematol, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 5 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 6 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital University of Iceland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Biomedical Center and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, Karadottir, Harpa, Kulkarni, Nikhil Nitin, Gudjonsson, Thorarinn, Karason, Sigurbergur, and Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hrafn

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access., Mechanical ventilation (MV) of patients can cause damage to bronchoalveolar epithelium, leading to a sterile inflammatory response, infection and in severe cases sepsis. Limited knowledge is available on the effects of MV on the innate immune defense system in the human lung. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic stretch of the human bronchial epithelial cell lines VA10 and BCi NS 1.1 leads to down-regulation of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide ( CAMP ) gene expression. We show that treatment of VA10 cells with vitamin D3 and/or 4-phenyl butyric acid counteracted cyclic stretch mediated down-regulation of CAMP mRNA and protein expression (LL-37). Further, we observed an increase in pro-inflammatory responses in the VA10 cell line subjected to cyclic stretch. The mRNA expression of the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1 β was increased after cyclic stretching, where as a decrease in gene expression of chemokines IP-10 and RANTES was observed. Cyclic stretch enhanced oxidative stress in the VA10 cells. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 3 , TLR5 and TLR8 was reduced, while the gene expression of TLR2 was increased in VA10 cells after cyclic stretch. In conclusion, our in vitro results indicate that cyclic stretch may differentially modulate innate immunity by down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression and increase in pro-inflammatory responses.

34. The Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) Study: Design and Characteristics

Author

[ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, Olsen, Jørgen H., [ 1 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 2 ] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 3 ] Landspitali Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Organization-Enhanced Name(s) Landspitali National University Hospital [ 4 ] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Canc Epidemiol, Lund, Sweden [ 5 ] Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland [ 6 ] Jorvi Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, Espoo, Finland [ 7 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 8 ] Iceland Canc Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 9 ] Norwegian Canc Registry, Oslo, Norway [ 10 ] Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Pediat Oncol & Hematol, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen; Denmark, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund, Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University; Sweden, Finnish Cancer Registry; Helsinki; Finland, Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland, Norwegian Cancer Registry; Oslo; Norway, Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; Lund Sweden, Asdahl, Peter H., Winther, Jeanette F., Bonnesen, Trine G., De Fine Licht, Sofie, Gudmundsdottir, Thorgerdur, Anderson, Harald, Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmqvist, Anna Sällfors, Hasle, Henrik, and Olsen, Jørgen H.

Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page, Background. During the last five decades, survival of childhood cancer has increased from 25% to 80%. At the same time, however, it has become evident that survivors experience a broad range of therapy-related late adverse health effects. The aim of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study is to investigate long-term health consequences of past and current therapies in order to improve follow-up care of survivors and to reduce treatment-related morbidity of future patients. Procedure. Childhood cancer survivors were identified through the five Nordic cancer registries and a comparison cohort was established through random selection of cancer-free individuals from the civil registration systems. A unique personal identification number was used to link between different health registries. Abstraction of treatment information for a subset of survivors allows investigation of the association between the various components of cancer therapy and late occurring comorbidity. Results. The childhood cancer survivor cohort comprises 33,160 1-year survivors and the comparison cohort comprises 212,892 cancer free individuals from the general population. In the childhood cancer survivor cohort, all types of childhood cancer are represented including leukemia (21%), lymphoma (14%), central nervous system tumors (24%), sarcomas (5%), retinoblastoma (3%), and neuroblastoma (4%). Among the survivors, 22% have been followed beyond the age of 40 years. Conclusion. The ALiCCS study constitutes a new large resource for research on late effects of childhood cancers that include all types of childhood malignancies and has followed a large proportion of the survivors well into late adulthood.

35. Re-engineering hardware specifications by exploiting design semantics

Author

Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Dept. of Comput. Sci., Manchester Univ., UK (DEPT. OF COMPUT. SCI., MANCHESTER UNIV., UK) ; University of Manchester, Mir, S., Filer, N.-P., Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Dept. of Comput. Sci., Manchester Univ., UK (DEPT. OF COMPUT. SCI., MANCHESTER UNIV., UK) ; University of Manchester, Mir, S., and Filer, N.-P.

Abstract

ISBN: 0897916859, An Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach to re-engineering hardware specifications is presented in this paper. Knowledge about the functionality and purpose of the cells and signals of a design is automatically abstracted away from the specification. A heuristic analysis which exploits implicit design semantics is carried out. Examples of using the knowledge derived for enhancing the capabilities of ECAD frameworks and systems are provided.

41. IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS AND THEIR USE IN THERAPY

Author

NORWEGIAN UNIV SCI & TECH NTNU

Abstract

The present invention provides an agent, or composition containing an agent, for use in treating or preventing hypercytokinemia in a subject resulting from cytokine release from non-proliferating immune cells in blood, wherein said agent comprises: (i) an oligopeptidic compound comprising a PCNA interacting motif and a domain that facilitates the cellular uptake of said compound, wherein the PCNA interacting motif is X1X2X3X4X5 (SEQ ID NO: 1 ) and wherein: X1 is a basic amino acid; X2 is an aromatic amino acid; X3 is an uncharged amino acid other than an aromatic amino acid, Glycine (G) and Proline (P); X4 is any amino acid other than Proline (P), an acidic amino acid or an aromatic amino acid; and X5 is a basic amino acid or Proline (P); or (ii) a nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence encoding the oligopeptidic compound of (i). In certain aspects the agent and compositions of the invention may be used as single agents. In other aspects of the invention agents and compositions of the invention may be used in conjunction with one or more additional active agents, such as kinase inhibitors.

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