1. Immune Mechanisms Underpinning Long COVID: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2024.
- Author
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Untersmayr, Eva, Venter, Carina, Smith, Peter, Rohrhofer, Johanna, Ndwandwe, Cebile, Schwarze, Jurgen, Shannon, Emer, Sokolowska, Milena, Sadlier, Corinna, and O'Mahony, Liam
- Subjects
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AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome , *SARS-CoV-2 , *COVID-19 , *METABOLIC reprogramming - Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in a prolonged multisystem disorder termed long COVID, which may affect up to 10% of people following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is currently unclear why certain individuals do not fully recover following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Summary: In this review, we examine immunological mechanisms that may underpin the pathophysiology of long COVID. These mechanisms include an inappropriate immune response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, immune cell exhaustion, immune cell metabolic reprogramming, a persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoir, reactivation of other viruses, inflammatory responses impacting the central nervous system, autoimmunity, microbiome dysbiosis, and dietary factors. Key Messages: Unfortunately, the currently available diagnostic and treatment options for long COVID are inadequate, and more clinical trials are needed that match experimental interventions to underlying immunological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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